1
|
Li Y, Wang J, Ma J, Hu S, Yang Y, Yang C, Huo S, Yang Y, Zhaxi Y. Differentially expressed transcripts study during pregnancy and postpartum anestrus of yak ( Bos grunniens). Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4041-4049. [PMID: 37671949 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2252035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Yak is the main livestock species in the plateau area, and its reproductive performance is low, usually two years or three years. A very few of yaks recover within a certain period of time after delivery and smoothly enter the next estrous cycle, while most of them enter the postpartum anestrus and show no estrus performance. However, the key biological factors and influencing mechanisms that cause postpartum anestrus in yaks are not clear. Objective: To study the expression of differential transcripts in ovaries of yak during pregnancy and postpartum anestrus. Methods: Each three yaks in pregnancy and anestrus under natural grazing conditions in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province were selected and slaughtered, and their ovaries were collected and sent to Biomarker Technologies. Oxford Nanopore Technologies single-molecule real-time electrical signal sequencing technology was used to perform full-length transcriptome sequencing. Astalavista software was used to identify the types of alternative splicing events in yak estrus and pregnancy, and TAPIS pipeline was used to identify alternative polyadenylation. Results: The results showed that there were 1751 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) between pregnancy and anestrus in yak, of which 808 were upregulated and 943 were downregulated. GO analysis showed that the biological processes of DETs were mainly reproductive, reproductive and rhythmic processes. KEGG analysis showed that the DET cell junction-related adhesion junction protein (β-catenin) and amino terminal kinase (JNK) were involved in FAs (local adhesion). Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Circadian rhythm output cycle failure (Clock) and brain and muscle tissue aromatic hydrocarbon receptor nuclear transporter-like protein 1 (Bmal1) are involved in circadian rhythm signaling pathway. Conclusion: This study found that β-catenin, JNK, PI3K, Clock and Bmal1 were closely related to postpartum anestrus in yak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jine Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junyuan Ma
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Songming Hu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yahua Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chongfa Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Huo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingpai Zhaxi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Guo M, Gao L, Liu K, Bai J, Liu Z. JNK2 Promotes Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting Axin2. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2977-2987. [PMID: 37957865 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128261624231030110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dysregulation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway has been increasingly reported in human malignancies. Aberrant expression of the JNK pathway has also been implicated in the progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). However, the specific role and regulatory mechanisms of JNK2 in ESCC have not been extensively investigated. METHODS In this study, we examined JNK2 expression in patient samples and performed experiments involving the knockdown and inhibition of the JNK2 in ESCC cell lines. RESULTS Higher JNK2 expression was observed in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues. JNK2 overexpression was associated with advanced disease stages and poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown or inhibition of JNK2 in ESCC cell lines resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION Additionally, a significant decrease in the expression of β-catenin and vimentin, along with an increase in the expression of Axin2, was observed upon downregulation of JNK2. Our study provides insight into the role of JNK2 in ESCC and its potential regulatory mechanism, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for ESCC patients with aberrant JNK2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gao
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Robertson SYT, Roberts JS, Deng SX. Regulation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells: Importance of the Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11975. [PMID: 34769405 PMCID: PMC8584795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) reside in a niche that contains finely tuned balances of various signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, BMP, Shh, YAP, and TGFβ. The activation or inhibition of these pathways is frequently dependent on the interactions of LSCs with various niche cell types and extracellular substrates. In addition to receiving molecular signals from growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble molecules, LSCs also respond to their surrounding physical structure via mechanotransduction, interaction with the ECM, and interactions with other cell types. Damage to LSCs or their niche leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The field of LSCD treatment would greatly benefit from an understanding of the molecular regulation of LSCs in vitro and in vivo. This review synthesizes current literature around the niche factors and signaling pathways that influence LSC function. Future development of LSCD therapies should consider all these niche factors to achieve improved long-term restoration of the LSC population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie X. Deng
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 94143, USA; (S.Y.T.R.); (J.S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Benoit B, Baillet A, Poüs C. Cytoskeleton and Associated Proteins: Pleiotropic JNK Substrates and Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8375. [PMID: 34445080 PMCID: PMC8395060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review extensively reports data from the literature concerning the complex relationships between the stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and the four main cytoskeleton elements, which are actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and septins. To a lesser extent, we also focused on the two membrane-associated cytoskeletons spectrin and ESCRT-III. We gather the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton-associated JNK activation and the known cytoskeleton-related substrates directly phosphorylated by JNK. We also point out specific locations of the JNK upstream regulators at cytoskeletal components. We finally compile available techniques and tools that could allow a better characterization of the interplay between the different types of cytoskeleton filaments upon JNK-mediated stress and during development. This overview may bring new important information for applied medical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR-S-1193, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Biochimie-Hormonologie, AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Site Antoine Béclère, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang D, Jiang Q, Ge X, Shi Y, Ye T, Mi Y, Xie T, Li Q, Ye Q. RHOV promotes lung adenocarcinoma cell growth and metastasis through JNK/c-Jun pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2622-2632. [PMID: 34326698 PMCID: PMC8315012 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common type of lung cancer with high frequent metastasis and a high death rate. However, genes responsible for LUAD metastasis are still largely unknown. Here, we identify an important role of ras homolog family member V (RHOV) in LUAD metastasis using a combination of bioinformatic analysis and functional experiments. Bioinformatic analysis shows five hub LUAD metastasis driver genes (RHOV, ZIC5, CYP4B1, GPR18 and TCP10L2), among which RHOV is the most significant gene associated with LUAD metastasis. High RHOV expression predicted shorter overall survival in LUAD patients. RHOV overexpression promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells, whereas RHOV knockdown inhibits these biological behaviors. Moreover, knockdown of RHOV suppresses LUAD tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistically, RHOV activates Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signalling pathway, an important pathway in lung cancer development and progression, and regulates the expression of markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process involved in cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. RHOV-induced malignant biological behaviors are inhibited by pyrazolanthrone, a JNK inhibitor. Our findings indicate a critical role of RHOV in LUAD metastasis and may provide a biomarker for prognostic prediction and a target for LUAD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Jiang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Ge
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhu Shi
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Tianxing Ye
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Mi
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Qihong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu WX, Donatella F, Tan SJ, Ge W, Wang JJ, Sun XF, Cheng SF, Shen W. Detrimental effect of Bisphenol S in mouse germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle assembly. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128445. [PMID: 33017704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The female reproductive lifespan is largely determined by the size of primordial follicle pool, which is established in early life. Bisphenol S (BPS), frequently present in plastic products used in daily life, has been demonstrated as an exogenous estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemical interfering with the endocrine and reproductive systems. However, the molecular mechanisms of its reproductive toxicity remain to be determined. In the present study, we focused on the effect of BPS on the early ovarian folliculogenesis of mice. Our in vivo experiments showed that the treatment with BPS at 2 and 10 μg/kg body weight/day for 3 days induced abnormal germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle assembly in the mouse ovary, further affecting later ovarian differentiation and reducing oocyte quality. In addition, our in vitro study demonstrated that BPS could interact with estrogen receptors (ERs) to induce phosphorylation of JNKs, which is responsible for reducing oocyte adhesion in cysts. Meanwhile, BPS exposure up-regulated Notch signaling pathway to increase the proliferation of granulosa cells precursors. Our study provided new evidence for the adverse effects of BPS on female reproduction, especially after perinatal exposure, and elucidated how it works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Farini Donatella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Shao-Jing Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang X, Teng M, Ji R, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Huang Y. CD9 regulates keratinocyte differentiation and motility by recruiting E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118574. [PMID: 31682865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During keratinocyte stratification and wound healing, keratinocytes undergo a switch between differentiation and motility. However, limited knowledge exists on the mechanisms of the switch. We have previously demonstrated that the expression of CD9 was changed in different wound stages and involved in the regulation of keratinocyte migration. In this study, we showed that CD9 expression was increased in both human and mouse keratinocytes undergoing differentiation. CD9 overexpression in keratinocytes stimulated terminal differentiation and reduced cell motility. CD9 silencing inhibited calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and increased cell motility. Furthermore, CD9 overexpression recruited E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and subsequently activated PI3K/Akt signaling, while CD9 knockdown inhibited the recruitment of E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and PI3K/Akt activation. Importantly, silencing E-cadherin expression or inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling reversed CD9 overexpression-induced differentiation and -reduced motility. These results demonstrate that CD9 acts as an important node that regulates keratinocyte differentiation and motility. The recruitment of E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediated by CD9 play an important role in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Miao Teng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Burn Research, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anisomycin, a JNK and p38 activator, suppresses cell-cell junction formation in 2D cultures of K38 mouse keratinocyte cells and reduces claudin-7 expression, with an increase of paracellular permeability in 3D cultures. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:369-384. [PMID: 30284609 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes in the oral mucosal epithelium, which is a non-keratinized stratified epithelium, are exposed to various stimuli from the oral cavity. JNK and p38 are stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are phosphorylated by various stimuli and are involved in the assembly and disassembly of tight junctions (TJs) in keratinocytes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of stress-activated MAPKs on TJs in a mouse keratinocyte cell line during cell-cell junction formation in two-dimensional (2D) cultures or stratification to form non-keratinized epithelium in 3D cultures. In 2D cultures, calcium induced zipper-like staining for ZO-1 at 2 h and string-like staining for ZO-1 at 12 h, which indicated immature and mature cell-cell junctions, respectively. Anisomycin (AM), a JNK and p38 activator, inhibited formation of string-like staining for ZO-1, whereas inhibition of JNK, but not p38, after AM treatment restored string-like staining for ZO-1, although claudins (CLDNs) 4, 6, and 7 did not completely colocalize to ZO-1-positive sites. In 3D cultures, AM treatment for 2 weeks activated only p38, suppressed flattening of the superficial cells, removed CLDN7 from ZO-1-positive spots on the surface of 3D cultures, which represent TJs, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance. Thus, short-term AM treatment inhibited maturation of cell-cell junctions by JNK, but not p38, activation. p38 activation by long-term AM treatment affected morphology of stratified structures and paracellular permeability, which was increased by CLDN7 removal from TJs. Various chronic stimuli that activate stress-activated MAPKs may weaken the keratinocyte barrier and be involved in TJ-related diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Song M, Song K, Kim S, Lee J, Hwang S, Han C. Caenorhabditis elegans BRICHOS Domain-Containing Protein C09F5.1 Maintains Thermotolerance and Decreases Cytotoxicity of Aβ 42 by Activating the UPR. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E160. [PMID: 29534049 PMCID: PMC5867881 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans C09F5.1 is a nematode-specific gene that encodes a type II transmembrane protein containing the BRICHOS domain. The gene was isolated as a heat-sensitive mutant, but the function of the protein remained unclear. We examined the expression pattern and subcellular localization of C09F5.1 as well as its roles in thermotolerance and chaperone function. Expression of C09F5.1 under heat shock conditions was induced in a heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1)-dependent manner. However, under normal growth conditions, most cells types exposed to mechanical stimuli expressed C09F5.1. Knockdown of C09F5.1 expression or deletion of the N-terminal domain decreased thermotolerance. The BRICHOS domain of C09F5.1 did not exhibit chaperone function unlike those of other proteins containing this domain, but the domain was essential for the proper subcellular localization of the protein. Intact C09F5.1 was localized to the Golgi body, but the N-terminal domain of C09F5.1 (C09F5.1-NTD) was retained in the ER. C09F5.1-NTD delayed paralysis by beta-amyloid (1-42) protein (Aβ42) in Alzheimer's disease model worms (CL4176) and activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) by interacting with Aβ42. An intrinsically disordered region (IDR) located at the N-terminus of C09F5.1 may be responsible for the chaperone function of C09F5.1-NTD. Taken together, the data suggest that C09F5.1 triggers the UPR by interacting with abnormal proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myungchul Song
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Song
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- LG Household & Health Care, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Sunghee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Korea.
| | - Sueyun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hankyung National University, Anseong 17579, Korea.
| | - Chingtack Han
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Wang D, Zhao J, Weathington NM, Shang D, Zhao Y. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP48 stabilizes TRAF2 and reduces E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions. FASEB J 2018; 32:230-242. [PMID: 28874458 PMCID: PMC5731130 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700415rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is a second messenger adaptor protein that plays an essential role in propagating TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways. Modulation of TRAF2 activity by ubiquitination is well studied; however, the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), which regulates TRAF2 stability, has not been identified. Here we reveal USP48 as the first identified DUB to deubiquitinate and stabilize TRAF2 in epithelial cells. Down-regulation of USP48 increases K48-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF2 and reduces TRAF2 protein levels. Interestingly, USP48 only targets the TRAF2 related to JNK pathway, not the TRAF2 related to NF-κB and p38 pathways. USP48 is serine phosphorylated in response to TNF-α. The phosphorylation is catalyzed by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), ultimately resulting in increases in USP48 DUB activity. Furthermore, we reveal a new biologic function of TRAF2 that contributes to epithelial barrier dysfunction, which is attenuated by knockdown of USP48. Inhibition of TRAF2/JNK pathway increases E (epithelial)-cadherin expression and enhances epithelial barrier integrity, while knockdown of USP48 attenuates TNF-α/JNK pathway and increases E-cadherin expression and cell-cell junction in epithelial cells. These data, taken together, indicate that USP48 stabilizes TRAF2, which is promoted by GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation. Further, down-regulation of USP48 increases E-cadherin expression and epithelial barrier integrity through reducing TRAF2 stability.-Li, S., Wang, D., Zhao, J., Weathington, N. M., Shang, D., Zhao, Y. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP48 stabilizes TRAF2 and reduces E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang C, Zhou B, Xia G. Mechanisms controlling germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2547-2566. [PMID: 28197668 PMCID: PMC11107689 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In fetal females, oogonia proliferate immediately after sex determination. The progress of mitosis in oogonia proceeds so rapidly that the incompletely divided cytoplasm of the sister cells forms cysts. The oogonia will then initiate meiosis and arrest at the diplotene stage of meiosis I, becoming oocytes. Within each germline cyst, oocytes with Balbiani bodies will survive after cyst breakdown (CBD). After CBD, each oocyte is enclosed by pre-granulosa cells to form a primordial follicle (PF). Notably, the PF pool formed perinatally will be the sole lifelong oocyte source of a female. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms of CBD and PF formation is not only meaningful for solving mysteries related to ovarian development but also contributes to the preservation of reproduction. However, the mechanisms that regulate these phenomena are largely unknown. This review summarizes the progress of cellular and molecular research on these processes in mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
Collapse
|
13
|
Niu W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xin Q, Wang Y, Feng L, Zhao L, Wen J, Zhang H, Wang C, Xia G. JNK signaling regulates E-cadherin junctions in germline cysts and determines primordial follicle formation in mice. Development 2016; 143:1778-87. [PMID: 27013242 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically, the size of the primordial follicle pool determines the reproductive lifespan of female mammals, while its establishment largely depends on a process of germline cyst breakdown during the perinatal period. The mechanisms regulating this process are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is crucial for germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. JNK was specifically localized in oocytes and its activity increased as germline cyst breakdown progressed. Importantly, disruption of JNK signaling with a specific inhibitor (SP600125) or knockdown technology (Lenti-JNK-shRNAs) resulted in significantly suppressed cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation in cultured mouse ovaries. Our results show that E-cadherin is intensely expressed in germline cysts, and that its decline is necessary for oocyte release from the cyst. However, inhibition of JNK signaling leads to aberrantly enhanced localization of E-cadherin at oocyte-oocyte contact sites. WNT4 expression is upregulated after SP600125 treatment. Additionally, similar to the effect of SP600125 treatment, WNT4 overexpression delays cyst breakdown and is accompanied by abnormal E-cadherin expression patterns. In conclusion, our results suggest that JNK signaling, which is inversely correlated with WNT4, plays an important role in perinatal germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation by regulating E-cadherin junctions between oocytes in mouse ovaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanbao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengpin Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiliang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lizhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Razanadrakoto L, Cormier F, Laurienté V, Dondi E, Gardano L, Katzav S, Guittat L, Varin-Blank N. Mutation of Vav1 adaptor region reveals a new oncogenic activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2524-37. [PMID: 25426554 PMCID: PMC4385868 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vav family members function as remarkable scaffold proteins that exhibit both GDP/GTP exchange activity for Rho/Rac GTPases and numerous protein-protein interactions via three adaptor Src-homology domains. The exchange activity is under the unique regulation by phosphorylation of tyrosine residues hidden by intra-molecular interactions. Deletion of the autoinhibitory N-terminal region results in an oncogenic protein, onco-Vav, leading to a potent activation of Rac GTPases whereas the proto-oncogene barely leads to transformation. Substitution of conserved residues of the SH2-SH3 adaptor region in onco-Vav reverses oncogenicity. While a unique substitution D797N did not affect transformation induced by onco-Vav, we demonstrate that this single substitution leads to transformation in the Vav1 proto-oncogene highlighting the pivotal role of the adaptor region. Moreover, we identified the cell junction protein β-catenin as a new Vav1 interacting partner. We show that the oncogenicity of activated Vav1 proto-oncogene is associated with a non-degradative phosphorylation of β-catenin at residues important for its functions and its redistribution along the cell membrane in fibroblasts. In addition, a similar interaction is evidenced in epithelial lung cancer cells expressing ectopically Vav1. In these cells, Vav1 is also involved in the modulation of β-catenin phosphorylation. Altogether, our data highlight that only a single mutation in the proto-oncogene Vav1 enhances tumorigenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyra Razanadrakoto
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France.,PRES SPC, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Françoise Cormier
- INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,PRES SPC, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Laurienté
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France.,PRES SPC, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Elisabetta Dondi
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France.,PRES SPC, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Laura Gardano
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France.,PRES SPC, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Shulamit Katzav
- The Hebrew University/ Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lionel Guittat
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France.,PRES SPC, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Nadine Varin-Blank
- INSERM, UMR 978, Bobigny, France.,PRES SPC, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yasin HWR, van Rensburg SH, Feiler CE, Johnson RI. The adaptor protein Cindr regulates JNK activity to maintain epithelial sheet integrity. Dev Biol 2016; 410:135-149. [PMID: 26772997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia are essential barrier tissues that must be appropriately maintained for their correct function. To achieve this a plethora of protein interactions regulate epithelial cell number, structure and adhesion, and differentiation. Here we show that Cindr (the Drosophila Cin85 and Cd2ap ortholog) is required to maintain epithelial integrity. Reducing Cindr triggered cell delamination and movement. Most delaminating cells died. These behaviors were consistent with JNK activation previously associated with loss of epithelial integrity in response to ectopic oncogene activity. We confirmed a novel interaction between Cindr and Drosophila JNK (dJNK), which when perturbed caused inappropriate JNK signaling. Genetically reducing JNK signaling activity suppressed the effects of reducing Cindr. Furthermore, ectopic JNK signaling phenocopied loss of Cindr and was partially rescued by concomitant cindr over-expression. Thus, correct Cindr-dJNK stoichiometry is essential to maintain epithelial integrity and disturbing this balance may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease states, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W R Yasin
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, USA
| | | | - Christina E Feiler
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Ruth I Johnson
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee G, Kim H, Kim HM. RhoA-JNK Regulates the E-Cadherin Junctions of Human Gingival Epithelial Cells. J Dent Res 2015; 95:284-91. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515619375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The junctional epithelium (JE) is unique with regard to its wide intercellular spaces and sparsely developed intercellular junctions. Thus, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of the intercellular junctions of the junctional epithelium may be essential to understand the pathophysiology of the JE. HOK-16B cells, a normal human gingival epithelial cell line, were used to identify the molecules involved in the regulation of the formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions between human gingival epithelial cells. Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) disrupted the intercellular junctions through the dissociation of E-cadherin. The role of JNK in the formation of these E-cadherin junctions was further confirmed by demonstrating that JNK inhibition induced the formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions. The upstream signaling of JNK was also examined. Activation of the small GTPase RhoA disrupted the formation of E-cadherin junctions between HOK-16B cells, which was accompanied by JNK activation. Disruption of these intercellular junctions upon RhoA activation was prevented when JNK activity was inhibited. In contrast, RhoA inactivation led to HOK-16B cell aggregation and the formation of intercellular junctions, even under conditions in which the cellular junctions were naturally disrupted by growth on a strongly adhesive surface. Furthermore, the JE of mouse molars had high JNK activity associated with low E-cadherin expression, which was reversed in the other gingival epithelia, including the sulcular epithelium. Interestingly, JNK activity was increased in cells grown on a solid surface, where cells showed higher RhoA activity than those grown on soft surfaces. Together, these results indicate that the decreased formation of intercellular E-cadherin junctions within the JE may be coupled to high JNK activity, which is activated by the upregulation of RhoA on solid tooth surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Lee
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H.J. Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H.-M. Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park SY, Stultz BG, Hursh DA. Dual Role of Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activity in Bone Morphogenetic Protein-Mediated Drosophila Ventral Head Development. Genetics 2015; 201:1411-26. [PMID: 26500262 PMCID: PMC4676534 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.178376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila bone morphogenetic protein encoded by decapentaplegic (dpp) controls ventral head morphogenesis by expression in the head primordia, eye-antennal imaginal discs. These are epithelial sacs made of two layers: columnar disc proper cells and squamous cells of the peripodial epithelium. dpp expression related to head formation occurs in the peripodial epithelium; cis-regulatory mutations disrupting this expression display defects in sensory vibrissae, rostral membrane, gena, and maxillary palps. Here we document that disruption of this dpp expression causes apoptosis in peripodial cells and underlying disc proper cells. We further show that peripodial Dpp acts directly on the disc proper, indicating that Dpp must cross the disc lumen to act. We demonstrate that palp defects are mechanistically separable from the other mutant phenotypes; both are affected by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway but in opposite ways. Slight reduction of both Jun N-terminal kinase and Dpp activity in peripodial cells causes stronger vibrissae, rostral membrane, and gena defects than Dpp alone; additionally, strong reduction of Jun N-terminal kinase activity alone causes identical defects. A more severe reduction of dpp results in similar vibrissae, rostral membrane, and gena defects, but also causes mutant maxillary palps. This latter defect is correlated with increased peripodial Jun N-terminal kinase activity and can be caused solely by ectopic activation of Jun N-terminal kinase. We conclude that formation of sensory vibrissae, rostral membrane, and gena tissue in head morphogenesis requires the action of Jun N-terminal kinase in peripodial cells, while excessive Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in these same cells inhibits the formation of maxillary palps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yeon Park
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 BK21PLUS Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian G Stultz
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Deborah A Hursh
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
High CO2 Leads to Na,K-ATPase Endocytosis via c-Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase-Induced LMO7b Phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3962-73. [PMID: 26370512 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00813-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a role in inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell adhesion and cell migration by phosphorylating paxillin and β-catenin. JNK phosphorylation downstream of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is required for high CO2 (hypercapnia)-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Here, we provide evidence that during hypercapnia, JNK promotes the phosphorylation of LMO7b, a scaffolding protein, in vitro and in intact cells. LMO7b phosphorylation was blocked by exposing the cells to the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and by infecting cells with dominant-negative JNK or AMPK adenovirus. The knockdown of the endogenous LMO7b or overexpression of mutated LMO7b with alanine substitutions of five potential JNK phosphorylation sites (LMO7b-5SA) or only Ser-1295 rescued both LMO7b phosphorylation and the hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. Moreover, high CO2 promoted the colocalization and interaction of LMO7b and the Na,K-ATPase α1 subunit at the plasma membrane, which were prevented by SP600125 or by transfecting cells with LMO7b-5SA. Collectively, our data suggest that hypercapnia leads to JNK-induced LMO7b phosphorylation at Ser-1295, which facilitates the interaction of LMO7b with Na,K-ATPase at the plasma membrane promoting the endocytosis of Na,K-ATPase in alveolar epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
F-actin binding protein, anillin, regulates integrity of intercellular junctions in human epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3185-3200. [PMID: 25809162 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) are key morphological features of differentiated epithelial cells that regulate the integrity and permeability of tissue barriers. Structure and remodeling of epithelial junctions depends on their association with the underlying actomyosin cytoskeleton. Anillin is a unique scaffolding protein interacting with different cytoskeletal components, including actin filaments and myosin motors. Its role in the regulation of mammalian epithelial junctions remains unexplored. Downregulation of anillin expression in human prostate, colonic, and lung epithelial cells triggered AJ and TJ disassembly without altering the expression of junctional proteins. This junctional disassembly was accompanied by dramatic disorganization of the perijunctional actomyosin belt; while the general architecture of the actin cytoskeleton, and activation status of non-muscle myosin II, remained unchanged. Furthermore, loss of anillin disrupted the adducin-spectrin membrane skeleton at the areas of cell-cell contact, selectively decreased γ-adducin expression, and induced cytoplasmic aggregation of αII-spectrin. Anillin knockdown activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and JNK inhibition restored AJ and TJ integrity and cytoskeletal organization in anillin-depleted cells. These findings suggest a novel role for anillin in regulating intercellular adhesion in model human epithelia by mechanisms involving the suppression of JNK activity and controlling the assembly of the perijunctional cytoskeleton.
Collapse
|
20
|
Son S, Liang MS, Lei P, Xue X, Furlani EP, Andreadis ST. Magnetofection Mediated Transient NANOG Overexpression Enhances Proliferation and Myogenic Differentiation of Human Hair Follicle Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1314-27. [PMID: 25685943 DOI: 10.1021/bc5005203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We used magnetofection (MF) to achieve high transfection efficiency into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A custom-made magnet array, matching well-to-well to a 24-well plate, was generated and characterized. Theoretical predictions of magnetic force distribution within each well demonstrated that there was no magnetic field interference among magnets in adjacent wells. An optimized protocol for efficient gene delivery to human hair follicle derived MSCs (hHF-MSCs) was established using an egfp-encoding plasmid, reaching approximately ∼50% transfection efficiency without significant cytotoxicity. Then we applied the optimized MF protocol to express the pluripotency-associated transcription factor NANOG, which was previously shown to reverse the effects of organismal aging on MSC proliferation and myogenic differentiation capacity. Indeed, MF-mediated NANOG delivery increased proliferation and enhanced the differentiation of hHF-MSCs into smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Collectively, our results show that MF can achieve high levels of gene delivery to MSCs and, therefore, may be employed to moderate or reverse the effects of cellular senescence or reprogram cells to the pluripotent state without permanent genetic modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stelios T Andreadis
- ∥Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shuen WH, Kan R, Yu Z, Lung HL, Lung ML. Novel lentiviral-inducible transgene expression systems and versatile single-plasmid reporters for in vitro and in vivo cancer biology studies. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:207-14. [PMID: 25721206 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many of the cancer cell lines derived from solid tumors are difficult to transfect using commonly established transfection approaches. This hurdle for some DNA transfection systems has hindered cancer biology studies. Moreover, there are limited tools for studying pathway activities. Therefore, highly efficient improved gene transfer and versatile genetic tools are required. In this study, we established and developed a comprehensive set of new lentiviral tools to study gene functions and pathway activities. Using the optimized conditions, cancer cell lines achieved >90% transduction efficiency. Novel lentiviral doxycycline-regulated pTet-IRES-EGFP (pTIE) systems for transgene expression and TRE reporters used for pathway activity determination were developed and tested. The pTIE Tet-Off system showed in vitro doxycycline-sensitive responses with low or undetectable leakage of protein expression and in vivo tumor suppression as illustrated using candidate tumor suppressors, Fibulin-2 and THY1. In contrast, the Tet-On system showed dose-dependent responses. The pTRE-EGFP (pTE) and pTRE-FLuc-EF1α-RLuc (pT-FER) reporters with the NFκB p65 subunit consensus sequence showed GFP and firefly luciferase responses, which were directly correlated with TNFα stimulation, respectively. Taken together, these newly developed lentiviral systems provide versatile in vitro and in vivo platforms to strengthen our capabilities for cancer biology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Shuen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - R Kan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - H L Lung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [2] Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [3] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - M L Lung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [2] Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [3] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Konno T, Ninomiya T, Kohno T, Kikuchi S, Sawada N, Kojima T. c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 enhances barrier function and elongation of human pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC in a Ca-switch model. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:471-9. [PMID: 25511417 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), known as a stress-activated protein kinase, regulates normal epithelial biological processes, including assembly of adherens and tight junctions, and it is involved in the development of several cancers. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 enhances epithelial barrier function through modulation of tight junction molecules in normal human pancreatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, this JNK inhibitor suppresses the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. However, the effects of SP600125 on the epithelial barrier in human pancreatic cancer cells remain unknown. In the present study, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 markedly enhanced the barrier function and cell elongation of well-differentiated human pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC in a Ca-switch model. The epithelial barrier function induced by SP600125 was regulated by phosphorylated β-catenin without changes in the tight junction molecules. The cell elongation induced by SP600125 was closely related to the expression of the F-actin-binding protein DrebrinE. These findings suggest that JNK is involved in the regulation of the epithelial barrier function and cell shape during remodeling of pancreatic cancer cells. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 may have potential as a therapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer via induction of differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17., Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alimperti S, You H, George T, Agarwal SK, Andreadis ST. Cadherin-11 regulates both mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into smooth muscle cells and the development of contractile function in vivo. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2627-38. [PMID: 24741067 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although soluble factors, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), induce mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation towards the smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage, the role of adherens junctions in this process is not well understood. In this study, we found that cadherin-11 but not cadherin-2 was necessary for MSC differentiation into SMCs. Cadherin-11 regulated the expression of TGF-β1 and affected SMC differentiation through a pathway that was dependent on TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII) but independent of SMAD2 or SMAD3. In addition, cadherin-11 activated the expression of serum response factor (SRF) and SMC proteins through the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. Engagement of cadherin-11 increased its own expression through SRF, indicative of the presence of an autoregulatory feedback loop that committed MSCs to the SMC fate. Notably, SMC-containing tissues (such as aorta and bladder) from cadherin-11-null (Cdh11(-/-)) mice showed significantly reduced levels of SMC proteins and exhibited diminished contractility compared with controls. This is the first report implicating cadherin-11 in SMC differentiation and contractile function in vitro as well as in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Alimperti
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Hui You
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Teresa George
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Biology of Inflammation Center, One Baylor Plaza, Suite 672E, MS, BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Biology of Inflammation Center, One Baylor Plaza, Suite 672E, MS, BCM285, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nance T, Smith KS, Anaya V, Richardson R, Ho L, Pala M, Mostafavi S, Battle A, Feghali-Bostwick C, Rosen G, Montgomery SB. Transcriptome analysis reveals differential splicing events in IPF lung tissue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92111. [PMID: 24647608 PMCID: PMC3960165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex disease in which a multitude of proteins and networks are disrupted. Interrogation of the transcriptome through RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) enables the determination of genes whose differential expression is most significant in IPF, as well as the detection of alternative splicing events which are not easily observed with traditional microarray experiments. We sequenced messenger RNA from 8 IPF lung samples and 7 healthy controls on an Illumina HiSeq 2000, and found evidence for substantial differential gene expression and differential splicing. 873 genes were differentially expressed in IPF (FDR<5%), and 440 unique genes had significant differential splicing events in at least one exonic region (FDR<5%). We used qPCR to validate the differential exon usage in the second and third most significant exonic regions, in the genes COL6A3 (RNA-Seq adjusted pval = 7.18e-10) and POSTN (RNA-Seq adjusted pval = 2.06e-09), which encode the extracellular matrix proteins collagen alpha-3(VI) and periostin. The increased gene-level expression of periostin has been associated with IPF and its clinical progression, but its differential splicing has not been studied in the context of this disease. Our results suggest that alternative splicing of these and other genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. We have developed an interactive web application which allows users to explore the results of our RNA-Seq experiment, as well as those of two previously published microarray experiments, and we hope that this will serve as a resource for future investigations of gene regulation in IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Nance
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TN); (GR); (SBM)
| | - Kevin S. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Anaya
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rhea Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Ho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mauro Pala
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Glenn Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TN); (GR); (SBM)
| | - Stephen B. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TN); (GR); (SBM)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiao ZY, Wu J, Wen B, Zhao WZ, Du XL. M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor dysfunction inhibits Rac1 activity and disrupts VE-cadherin/β-catenin and actin cytoskeleton interaction. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:137-44. [PMID: 24697698 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate whether M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) dysfunction disrupts the linkage between the vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in the adherens junctional complex and the actin-based cytoskeleton, increasing vascular permeability in atherosclerosis. Western blotting revealed that a selective M3 receptor antagonist, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP), and M3 receptor siRNA decrease VE-cadherin and β-catenin in Triton X-100-insoluble fractions, indicating that M3 receptor inhibition weakens the linkage between the VE-cadherin/β-catenin complex and the actin cytoskeleton. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that M3 receptor inhibition reduces Rac1 activity and the association of IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) with Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), while increasing the interaction between IQGAP1 and β-catenin. Using IQGAP1 siRNA, we found that IQGAP1 is required for stable interaction between VE-cadherin/β-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton in quiescent endothelial cells; IQGAP1 siRNA augments the M3 receptor inhibition-induced dissociation between them. Moreover, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, attenuates this disassociation and Rac1 activity inhibition. The M3 receptor facilitates interaction of the VE-cadherin-based adherens junctional complex and the actin-based cytoskeleton by maintaining Rac1 activity, which regulates the interaction between IQGAP1/Rac1 and IQGAP1/β-catenin, and may contribute to endothelial barrier function under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Yang Jiao
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiehe Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Padmashali R, You H, Karnik N, Lei P, Andreadis ST. Adherens junction formation inhibits lentivirus entry and gene transfer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79265. [PMID: 24236116 PMCID: PMC3827380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cellular signaling pathways that affect lentivirus infection have been investigated, the role of cell-cell interactions in lentiviral gene delivery remains elusive. In the course of our studies we observed that lentiviral gene transfer was a strong function of the position of epithelial cells within colonies. While peripheral cells were transduced efficiently, cells in the center of colonies were resistant to gene transfer. In addition, gene delivery was enhanced significantly under culture conditions that disrupted adherens junctions (AJ) but decreased upon AJ formation. In agreement, gene knockdown and gain-of-function approaches showed that α-catenin, a key component of the AJ complex prevented lentivirus gene transfer. Using a doxycycline regulatable system we showed that expression of dominant negative E-cadherin enhanced gene transfer in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, dissolution of AJ by doxycycline increased entry of lentiviral particles into the cell cytoplasm in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together our results demonstrate that AJ formation renders cells non-permissive to lentiviral gene transfer and may facilitate development of simple means to enhance gene delivery or combat virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Padmashali
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui You
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, United States of America
| | - Nikhila Karnik
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, United States of America
| | - Pedro Lei
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, United States of America
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York, United States of America
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
You H, Lei P, Andreadis ST. JNK is a novel regulator of intercellular adhesion. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e26845. [PMID: 24868495 PMCID: PMC3942331 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.26845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) is a family of protein kinases, which are activated by stress stimuli such as inflammation, heat stress and osmotic stress, and regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, survival and apoptosis. In this review, we focus on a recently discovered function of JNK as a regulator of intercellular adhesion. We summarize the existing knowledge regarding the role of JNK during the formation of cell-cell junctions. The potential mechanisms and implications for processes requiring dynamic formation and dissolution of cell-cell junctions including wound healing, migration, cancer metastasis and stem cell differentiation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui You
- Bioengineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo; The State University of New York; Amherst, NY USA
| | - Pedro Lei
- Bioengineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo; The State University of New York; Amherst, NY USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University at Buffalo; The State University of New York; Amherst, NY USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering; University at Buffalo; The State University of New York; Amherst, NY USA ; Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences; University at Buffalo; The State University of New York; Amherst, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Z, Rankin SA, Zorn AM. Different thresholds of Wnt-Frizzled 7 signaling coordinate proliferation, morphogenesis and fate of endoderm progenitor cells. Dev Biol 2013; 378:1-12. [PMID: 23562607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling has multiple dynamic roles during development of the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Differential Wnt signaling is thought to be a critical step in Xenopus endoderm patterning such that during late gastrula and early somite stages of embryogenesis, Wnt activity must be suppressed in the anterior to allow the specification of foregut progenitors. However, the foregut endoderm also expresses the Wnt-receptor Frizzled 7 (Fzd7) as well as several Wnt ligands suggesting that the current model may be too simple. In this study, we show that Fzd7 is required to transduce a low level of Wnt signaling that is essential to maintain foregut progenitors. Foregut-specific Fzd7-depletion from the Xenopus foregut resulted in liver and pancreas agenesis. Fzd7-depleted embryos failed to maintain the foregut progenitor marker hhex and exhibited decreased proliferation; in addition the foregut cells were enlarged with a randomized orientation. We show that in the foregut Fzd7 signals via both the Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/JNK pathways and that different thresholds of Wnt-Fzd7 activity coordinate progenitor cell fate, proliferation and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
You H, Padmashali R, Ranganathan A, Lei P, Girnius N, Davis RJ, Andreadis ST. Compliance-induced adherens junction formation in epithelial cells and tissues is regulated by JNK. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2718-29. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that JNK responds to substrate stiffness and regulates AJ formation in epithelial cells in 2D cultures and in 3D tissues in vitro and in vivo. Rigid substrates led to JNK activation and AJ disassembly, while soft matrices suppressed JNK activity leading to AJ formation. Expression of constitutively active JNK (MKK7-JNK1) induced AJ dissolution even on soft substrates, while JNK knockdown (shJNK) induced AJ formation even on hard substrates. In human epidermis, basal cells expressed phosphorylated (p)-JNK but lacked AJ, while suprabasal keratinocytes contained strong AJ but lacked p-JNK. AJ formation was significantly impaired even in the upper suprabasal layers of bioengineered epidermis when prepared with stiffer scaffold or MKK7-JNK1 expressing keratinocytes. In contrast, shJNK1 or shJNK2 epidermis exhibited strong AJ even in the basal layer. The results with bioengineered epidermis were in full agreement with the epidermis of jnk1−/− or jnk2−/− mice. In conclusion, we propose that JNK mediates the effects of substrate stiffness on AJ formation in 2D and 3D context in vitro as well as in vivo.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee MH, Wu PH, Staunton JR, Ros R, Longmore GD, Wirtz D. Mismatch in mechanical and adhesive properties induces pulsating cancer cell migration in epithelial monolayer. Biophys J 2012; 102:2731-41. [PMID: 22735523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and adhesive properties of cancer cells significantly change during tumor progression. Here we assess the functional consequences of mismatched stiffness and adhesive properties between neighboring normal cells on cancer cell migration in an epithelial-like cell monolayer. Using an in vitro coculture system and live-cell imaging, we find that the speed of single, mechanically soft breast carcinoma cells is dramatically enhanced by surrounding stiff nontransformed cells compared with single cells or a monolayer of carcinoma cells. Soft tumor cells undergo a mode of pulsating migration that is distinct from conventional mesenchymal and amoeboid migration, whereby long-lived episodes of slow, random migration are interlaced with short-lived episodes of extremely fast, directed migration, whereas the surrounding stiff cells show little net migration. This bursty migration is induced by the intermittent, myosin II-mediated deformation of the soft nucleus of the cancer cell, which is induced by the transient crowding of the stiff nuclei of the surrounding nontransformed cells, whose movements depend directly on the cadherin-mediated mismatched adhesion between normal and cancer cells as well as α-catenin-based intercellular adhesion of the normal cells. These results suggest that a mechanical and adhesive mismatch between transformed and nontransformed cells in a cell monolayer can trigger enhanced pulsating migration. These results shed light on the role of stiff epithelial cells that neighbor individual cancer cells in early steps of cancer dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Horng Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chang YF, Lee-Chang JS, Harris KY, Sinha-Hikim AP, Rao MK. Role of β-catenin in post-meiotic male germ cell differentiation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28039. [PMID: 22125654 PMCID: PMC3220672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Though roles of β-catenin signaling during testis development have been well established, relatively little is known about its role in postnatal testicular physiology. Even less is known about its role in post-meiotic germ cell development and differentiation. Here, we report that β-catenin is highly expressed in post-meiotic germ cells and plays an important role during spermiogenesis in mice. Spermatid-specific deletion of β-catenin resulted in significantly reduced sperm count, increased germ cell apoptosis and impaired fertility. In addition, ultrastructural studies show that the loss of β-catenin in post-meiotic germ cells led to acrosomal defects, anomalous release of immature spermatids and disruption of adherens junctions between Sertoli cells and elongating spermatids (apical ectoplasmic specialization; ES). These defects are likely due to altered expression of several genes reportedly involved in Sertoli cell-germ cell adhesion and germ cell differentiation, as revealed by gene expression analysis. Taken together, our results suggest that β-catenin is an important molecular link that integrates Sertoli cell-germ cell adhesion with the signaling events essential for post-meiotic germ cell development and maturation. Since β-catenin is also highly expressed in the Sertoli cells, we propose that binding of germ cell β-catenin complex to β-catenin complex on Sertoli cell at the apical ES surface triggers a signaling cascade that regulates post-meiotic germ cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Fu Chang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Lee-Chang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Krystle Y. Harris
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Manjeet K. Rao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee MH, Padmashali R, Andreadis ST. JNK1 is required for lentivirus entry and gene transfer. J Virol 2011; 85:2657-65. [PMID: 21191018 PMCID: PMC3067971 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01765-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a lot of progress has been made in development of lentiviral vectors for gene therapy, the interactions of these vectors with cellular factors have not been explored adequately. Here we show that lentivirus infection phosphorylates JNK and that blocking the kinase activity of JNK decreases gene transfer in a dose-dependent manner, regardless of the viral envelope glycoprotein. Knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) revealed that JNK1 but not JNK2 was required for productive gene transfer. The effect of JNK on gene transfer was not due to changes in the cell cycle, as JNK knockdown did not affect the cell cycle profile of target cells and even increased cell proliferation. In addition, confluent cell monolayers also exhibited JNK phosphorylation upon lentivirus infection and a dose-dependent decrease in gene transfer efficiency upon JNK inhibition. On the other hand, JNK activation was necessary for lentivirus internalization into the cell cytoplasm, while inhibition of JNK activity decreased virus entry without affecting binding to the cell surface. These experiments suggest that JNK is required for lentivirus entry into target cells and may have implications for gene transfer or for development of antiviral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Horng Lee
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260-4200
| | - Roshan Padmashali
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260-4200
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260-4200
| |
Collapse
|