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Finnell RH, Zhu H. Periconceptional maternal folate supplementation impacts a diverse range of congenital malformations. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:880-882. [PMID: 38030827 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- To Cure A Rose Foundation, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Huiping Zhu
- To Cure A Rose Foundation, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
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2
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Yoshida N, Inubushi T, Hirose T, Aoyama G, Kurosaka H, Yamashiro T. The roles of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in fusion of the secondary palate. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050085. [PMID: 37846594 PMCID: PMC10602007 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate has a multifactorial etiology. In palatal fusion, the contacting medial edge epithelium (MEE) forms the epithelial seam, which is subsequently removed with the reduction of p63. Failure in this process results in a cleft palate. We herein report the involvement of janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in palatal fusion and that folic acid rescues the fusing defect by reactivating JAK2/STAT3. In closure of bilateral palatal shelves, STAT3 phosphorylation was activated at the fusing MEE and mesenchyme underlying the MEE. JAK2 inhibition by AG490 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in palatal fusion failure without removal of the epithelial seam, in which p63 and keratin 17 (K17) periderm markers were retained. Folic acid application restored STAT3 phosphorylation in AG490-treated palatal explants and rescued the fusion defect, in which the p63- and K17-positive epithelial seam were removed. The AG490-induced palatal defect was also rescued in p63 haploinsufficient explants. These findings suggest that JAK2/STAT3 signaling is involved in palatal fusion by suppressing p63 expression in MEE and that folate restores the fusion defect by reactivating JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshida
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gozo Aoyama
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Moreno-Oliveras L, Rodriguez-Mena R, Nahoda H, Chisbert-Genoves P, Ali Haji M, Llacer-Ortega JL, Piquer-Belloch J. Global neurosurgery: Reflections on myelomeningocele in the Zanzibar archipelago (Tanzania). World Neurosurg X 2023; 20:100222. [PMID: 37502101 PMCID: PMC10368924 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our main goal was to describe the general characteristics and demographic data of myelomeningocele (MMC) patients at Mnazi Mmoja Surgical NED Institute (MMSNI) in Zanzibar and to assess the clinical characteristics and medium-term result-impact of the implemented health care measures. Methods This is a retrospective study on 41 MMC patients treated at the MMSNI in Zanzibar (Tanzania) from September 2016 to September 2018. Patient demographics, prenatal care, clinical and radiographic characteristics, surgical management and nursing care, and clinical outcomes were abstracted. Results The mean age of the patients was 6.1 ± 4.6 days, and 53.7% were males. A total of 51.2% came from Zanzibar, 39% to Pemba, and 9.8% from mainland Tanzania. Maternal ultrasound checkups revealed hydrocephalus in 18.7% of the cases. 85.4% of the newborns were operated on. Surgical wound infection was the most frequent complication (28.6%). A significantly higher risk of complications was observed in children from Pemba Island (p = 0.046) and those born by vaginal delivery (p = 0.694), particularly infections. During follow-up, 48.57% of the patients presented with infantile hydrocephalus and in the majority of them, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. Conclusions Proper prenatal care with early diagnosis, together with the neurosurgical and nursing standard of care in a specialized institution, are all essential to increase the chances of successful treatment of newborns harboring MMC and is one of the main goals pursued in the MMSNI, as the only referral public health center with locally trained health personnel in Zanzibar archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moreno-Oliveras
- Cátedra Neurociencia Global y Cambio Social NED VIU. Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruben Rodriguez-Mena
- Cátedra Neurociencia Global y Cambio Social NED VIU. Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hadia Nahoda
- Neurosurgery Education and Development (NED) Institute, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Pilar Chisbert-Genoves
- Cátedra Neurociencia Global y Cambio Social NED VIU. Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mohamed Ali Haji
- Neurosurgery Education and Development (NED) Institute, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Jose L. Llacer-Ortega
- Cátedra Neurociencia Global y Cambio Social NED VIU. Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Piquer-Belloch
- Cátedra Neurociencia Global y Cambio Social NED VIU. Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002, Valencia, Spain
- Neurosurgery Education and Development (NED) Institute, Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar, Tanzania
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Rai S, Leydier L, Sharma S, Katwala J, Sahu A. A quest for genetic causes underlying signaling pathways associated with neural tube defects. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1126209. [PMID: 37284286 PMCID: PMC10241075 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1126209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital deformities of the nervous system that occur owing to the failure of normal neural tube closures. Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to the etiology of neural tube defects in humans, indicating the role of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction in the occurrence and recurrence risk of neural tube defects. Several lines of genetic studies on humans and animals demonstrated the role of aberrant genes in the developmental risk of neural tube defects and also provided an understanding of the cellular and morphological programs that occur during embryonic development. Other studies observed the effects of folate and supplementation of folic acid on neural tube defects. Hence, here we review what is known to date regarding altered genes associated with specific signaling pathways resulting in NTDs, as well as highlight the role of various genetic, and non-genetic factors and their interactions that contribute to NTDs. Additionally, we also shine a light on the role of folate and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Rai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Larissa Leydier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jigar Katwala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Anurag Sahu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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ÇOBANOĞULLARI HAVVA, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, DUNDAR MUNIS, BERTELLI MATTEO, TULAY PINAR. Periconceptional Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on children's health. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E65-E73. [PMID: 36479491 PMCID: PMC9710394 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, rapid and subtle physiological changes are observed from conception to birth. Nutrition and other lifestyle factors before and during pregnancy have been shown in the literature to influence the health of both mother and child. A healthy and varied diet during pregnancy can provide adequate energy and nutrients for both the mother and the growing fetus. Current research focuses on the periconceptional phase, which includes the early processes of gametogenesis, embryogenesis and placentation. A variety of abnormalities and pregnancy-related problems occur during this period, including congenital defects, fetal loss, miscarriage and preterm birth. A varied and balanced diet during periconception is important to maintain fetal development and growth. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of consuming different nutrients, foods or food groups during pregnancy on the health of mother and child. For example, the Mediterranean diet is considered as a balanced, nutrient-rich diet due to the low consumption of meat products and fatty foods and the high consumption of vegetables, cheese, olive oil, fish, shellfish and little meat. While many studies have been conducted in the literature to investigate the effects of a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy on fetal health, the results have been inconclusive. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAVVA ÇOBANOĞULLARI
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners, USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto, Italy
| | - PINAR TULAY
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Near East University, DESAM Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Pınar Tulay, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus. E-mail:
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Liao K, Wang Y, Zheng L, Lu D, Wu J, Wu B, Wu Z, Jiang Z. Effect of folic acid supplementation on diminished ovarian reserve: study protocol of a single-centre, open-label, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057689. [PMID: 35788070 PMCID: PMC9255412 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), a common gynaecological disorder, is approximately 10% across the world. Failure in early diagnosis and treatment may result in continuous decreases in ovarian function and the resultant loss in an opportunity of pregnancy, which greatly affects the happiness of the women's family and women's physical and mental health. Nevertheless, there has been no effective treatment for such a disorder until now. Folic acid, a member of the vitamin B family, is involved in one-carbon cycle and methylation regulation. It has been found that folic acid affects the whole period of pregnancy, and folic acid supplementation has shown effective to remarkably reduce the incidence of fetal neural tube defects and decrease plasma homocysteic acid levels, thereby resulting in a decline in the incidence of abortion. In addition, folic acid is reported to mediate ovarian functions. It is therefore hypothesised that folic acid may improve DOR. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A single-centre, open-label, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial is designed. We plan to recruit 140 women with DOR at ages of 30-35 years. All participants will be randomised into the folic acid group and placebo group, and each subject will be given a tablet with the same appearance daily for 6 months. The primary outcome is antral follicle count, and the secondary outcomes are ovarian reserve markers, ovarian low-dose stimulation responses and safety. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University on 10 February 2021 (approval number: NPSY202002042). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to randomisation, following a detailed description of the purpose of the study. The results of this clinical trial will be presented at scientific conferences and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100047410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Dongli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Binjin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaochun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian, China
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Uchiyama H, Kadota K, Tozuka Y. A review of transglycosylated compounds as food additives to enhance the solubility and oral absorption of hydrophobic compounds in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11226-11243. [PMID: 35757865 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Transglycosylation has been used to modify the physicochemical properties of original compounds. As a result, transglycosylated compounds can form molecular aggregates in size ranges of a few nanometers in an aqueous medium when their concentrations exceed a specific level. Incorporating these hydrophobic compounds has been observed to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic compounds into aggregate structures. Thus, this review introduces four transglycosylated compounds as food additives that can enhance the solubility and oral absorption of hydrophobic compounds. Here, transglycosylated hesperidin, transglycosylated rutin, transglycosylated naringin, and transglycosylated stevia are the focus as representative substances. Significantly, we observed that amorphous formations containing hydrophobic compounds with transglycosylated compounds improved solubility and oral absorption compared to untreated hydrophobic compounds. Moreover, combining transglycosylated compounds with hydrophilic polymers or surfactants enhanced the solubilizing effects on hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, the enhanced solubility of hydrophobic compounds improved their oral absorption. Transglycosylated compounds also influenced nanoparticle preparation of hydrophobic compounds as a dispersant. This study demonstrated the benefits of transglycosylated compounds in developing supplements and nutraceuticals of hydrophobic compounds with poor aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Ghergurovich JM, Xu X, Wang JZ, Yang L, Ryseck RP, Wang L, Rabinowitz JD. Methionine synthase supports tumour tetrahydrofolate pools. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1512-1520. [PMID: 34799699 PMCID: PMC9284419 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells require activated folates to generate nucleotides for growth and division. The most abundant circulating folate species is 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF), which is used to synthesize methionine from homocysteine via the cobalamin-dependent enzyme methionine synthase (MTR). Cobalamin deficiency traps folates as 5-methyl-THF. Here, we show using isotope tracing that MTR is only a minor source of methionine in cell culture, tissues or xenografted tumours. Instead, MTR is required for cells to avoid folate trapping and assimilate 5-methyl-THF into other folate species. Under conditions of physiological extracellular folates, genetic MTR knockout in tumour cells leads to folate trapping, purine synthesis stalling, nucleotide depletion and impaired growth in cell culture and as xenografts. These defects are rescued by free folate but not one-carbon unit supplementation. Thus, MTR plays a crucial role in liberating THF for use in one-carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ghergurovich
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xincheng Xu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua Z Wang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Rolf-Peter Ryseck
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Salvo D, Garcia L, Reis RS, Stankov I, Goel R, Schipperijn J, Hallal PC, Ding D, Pratt M. Physical Activity Promotion and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Building Synergies to Maximize Impact. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1163-1180. [PMID: 34257157 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the known solutions to the physical inactivity pandemic operate across sectors relevant to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). METHODS The authors examined the contribution of physical activity promotion strategies toward achieving the SDGs through a conceptual linkage exercise, a scoping review, and an agent-based model. RESULTS Possible benefits of physical activity promotion were identified for 15 of the 17 SDGs, with more robust evidence supporting benefits for SDGs 3 (good health and well-being), 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), 11 (sustainable cities and communities), 13 (climate action), and 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions). Current evidence supports prioritizing at-scale physical activity-promoting transport and urban design strategies and community-based programs. Expected physical activity gains are greater for low-and middle-income countries. In high-income countries with high car dependency, physical activity promotion strategies may help reduce air pollution and traffic-related deaths, but shifts toward more active forms of travel and recreation, and climate change mitigation, may require complementary policies that disincentivize driving. CONCLUSIONS The authors call for a synergistic approach to physical activity promotion and SDG achievement, involving multiple sectors beyond health around their goals and values, using physical activity promotion as a lever for a healthier planet.
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Bendahan ZC, Escobar LM, Castellanos JE, González-Carrera MC. Effect of folic acid on animal models, cell cultures, and human oral clefts: a literature review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Folate is a naturally occurring, water-soluble B vitamin. The synthetic form of this compound is folic acid (FA), the deficiency of which is linked to neural tube disorders (NTD), which can be prevented by consuming it before, or during the early months of, pregnancy. However, the effect of FA on oral cleft formation remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to review the evidence concerning the effect of FA on the formation of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in both animals and humans, as well as its impact on different cell types. A search was conducted on various databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Central, for articles published until January 2020.
Main body
Current systematic reviews indicate that FA, alone or in combination with other vitamins, prevents NTD; however, there is no consensus on whether its consumption can prevent CLP formation. Conversely, the protective effect of FA on palatal cleft (CP) induction has been inferred from animal models; additionally, in vitro studies enumerate a cell-type and dose-dependent effect of FA on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation, hence bolstering evidence from epidemiological studies.
Conclusions
Meta-analysis, animal models, and in vitro studies demonstrated the protective effect of FA against isolated CP; however, the heterogeneity of treatment protocols, doses, and FA administration method, as well as the different cell types used in in vitro studies, does not conclusively establish whether FA prevents CLP formation.
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San-Jose LM, Roulin A. On the Potential Role of the Neural Crest Cells in Integrating Pigmentation Into Behavioral and Physiological Syndromes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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The timing and quality of antenatal care received by women attending a primary care centre in Iquitos, Peru: A facility exit survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229852. [PMID: 32134987 PMCID: PMC7058332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal mortality is high in Loreto, Peru, but can be reduced by high quality antenatal care. Indicators for the quality of antenatal care received include the timing (with respect to gestational age) and number of antenatal appointments attended, the delivery of antenatal services and health information, and women’s perceptions about their care. This study investigated these indicators amongst women receiving antenatal care in predominantly the San Juan Bautista district of Iquitos, Loreto. This was to identify areas for improvement through comparison with antenatal guidelines published by the Ministry of Health, Peru, and the World Health Organization. Methods A total of 134 women were recruited at the Centro de Salud, San Juan—a primary care centre in Iquitos. Information about the delivery of antenatal services and the number of and gestational ages at appointments attended was collected from 121/134 women’s hand-held antenatal cards. The delivery of health information and women’s perceptions about their antenatal care were investigated through questionnaires (133/134 completed). Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and valid percentages, were determined. Results Hand-held antenatal cards revealed that 52.9% of participants began their antenatal care in the first trimester. Compared to national guidelines, 42.1% attended appointments at recommended gestational ages and no women received all recommended antenatal services. Most women received information about identifying complications in pregnancy and health and lifestyle topics. Over 85% of women reported satisfaction with their antenatal care. Conclusions Timely antenatal attendance and delivery of services should be encouraged to meet national and global standards. Although all services were not delivered in a combined manner according to national guidelines, individual services were mostly delivered to a high standard and therefore a high proportion of women were satisfied with their antenatal care.
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Jalambadani Z, Delavari Heravi M, Noori Sistani M. Folic acid consumption based on the theory of planned behaviour in pregnant women. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 40:37-39. [PMID: 31304813 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1603208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Folic Acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects. This study was aimed to investigate the consumption of folic acid to prevent deficiency anaemia based on the theory of planned behaviour on pregnant women in Neyshabur, Iran. This study included 180 pregnant women, who were gathered from 12 healthcare centres in the city of Neyshabur, Iran in 2018. Using a questionnaire and blood lab exam (folat) were measured and analysed. The average rates of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioural control, intention, behaviour in the education group were meaningfully increased (p value < .05); however, these changes were not meaningful in the control group (p value > .05). Also, no statistically meaningful difference was obtained in subjective norm between the groups after the intervention (p = .924). It is suggested that folic acid supplementation promotion workshops should be held in health centres with the aim of preventing folic acid deficiency anaemia.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? The results of this study showed that by using education based on the theory of planned behaviour that emphasises the important psychological factors of behaviour or change, folic acid can be consumed in pregnant women. That women receive adequate and proper knowledge, along with a positive attitude toward taking folic acid, and feel that taking folic acid is at their discretion in terms of environmental factors (facilities and barriers), increases intent to use folic acid.What do the results of this study add? The results of this study also showed that the amount of folic acid intake during pregnancy increased by pregnant women and anaemia decreased.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The study showed the importance of the role of education based on theory of planned behaviour in consumption promoting folic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jalambadani
- Department of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | - Malihe Noori Sistani
- Department of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Sarper SE, Inubushi T, Kurosaka H, Ono Minagi H, Murata Y, Kuremoto KI, Sakai T, Taniuchi I, Yamashiro T. Anterior cleft palate due to Cbfb deficiency and its rescue by folic acid. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038851. [PMID: 31171577 PMCID: PMC6602316 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Core binding factor β (Cbfb) is a cofactor of the Runx family of transcription factors. Among these transcription factors, Runx1 is a prerequisite for anterior-specific palatal fusion. It was previously unclear, however, whether Cbfb served as a modulator or as an obligatory factor in the Runx signaling process that regulates palatogenesis. Here, we report that Cbfb is essential and indispensable in mouse anterior palatogenesis. Palatal fusion in Cbfb mutants is disrupted owing to failed disintegration of the fusing epithelium specifically at the anterior portion, as observed in Runx1 mutants. In these mutants, expression of TGFB3 is disrupted in the area of failed palatal fusion, in which phosphorylation of Stat3 is also affected. TGFB3 protein has been shown to rescue palatal fusion in vitro. TGFB3 also activated Stat3 phosphorylation. Strikingly, the anterior cleft palate in Cbfb mutants is further rescued by pharmaceutical application of folic acid, which activates suppressed Stat3 phosphorylation and Tgfb3 expression in vitro. With these findings, we provide the first evidence that Cbfb is a prerequisite for anterior palatogenesis and acts as an obligatory cofactor in the Runx1/Cbfb-Stat3-Tgfb3 signaling axis. Furthermore, the rescue of the mutant cleft palate using folic acid might highlight potential therapeutic targets aimed at Stat3 modification for the prevention and pharmaceutical intervention of cleft palate. Summary: Epithelial deletion of Cbfb results in an anterior cleft palate with impaired fusion of the palatal process; folic acid application rescues the mutant phenotype with Stat3 activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye E Sarper
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Theoretical Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ono Minagi
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Murata
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Kuremoto
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Gajera M, Desai N, Suzuki A, Li A, Zhang M, Jun G, Jia P, Zhao Z, Iwata J. MicroRNA-655-3p and microRNA-497-5p inhibit cell proliferation in cultured human lip cells through the regulation of genes related to human cleft lip. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:70. [PMID: 31122291 PMCID: PMC6533741 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), a common congenital birth defect, is complex and involves the contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Although many candidate genes have been identified, the regulation and interaction of these genes in CL/P remain unclear. In addition, the contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of multiple genes, to the etiology of CL/P is largely unknown. Methods To identify the signatures of causative biological pathways for human CL/P, we conducted a systematic literature review for human CL/P candidate genes and subsequent bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment analyses of the candidate CL/P genes were conducted using the pathway databases GO and KEGG. The miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of the CL/P candidate genes was analyzed with miRanda, PITA, and TargetScan, and miRTarbase. Genotype-phenotype association analysis was conducted using GWAS. The functional significance of the candidate miRNAs was evaluated experimentally in cell proliferation and target gene regulation assays in human lip fibroblasts. Results Through an extensive search of the main biomedical databases, we mined 177 genes with mutations or association/linkage reported in individuals with CL/P, and considered them as candidate genes for human CL/P. The genotype-phenotype association study revealed that mutations in 12 genes (ABCA4, ADAM3A, FOXE1, IRF6, MSX2, MTHFR, NTN1, PAX7, TP63, TPM1, VAX1, and WNT9B) were significantly associated with CL/P. In addition, our bioinformatics analysis predicted 16 microRNAs (miRNAs) to be post-transcriptional regulators of CL/P genes. To validate the bioinformatics results, the top six candidate miRNAs (miR-124-3p, miR-369-3p, miR-374a-5p, miR-374b-5p, miR-497-5p, and miR-655-3p) were evaluated by cell proliferation/survival assays and miRNA-gene regulation assays in cultured human lip fibroblasts. We found that miR-497-5p and miR-655-3p significantly suppressed cell proliferation in these cells. Furthermore, the expression of the predicted miRNA-target genes was significantly downregulated by either miR-497-5p or miR-655-3p mimic. Conclusion Expression of miR-497-5p and miR-655-3p suppresses cell proliferation through the regulation of human CL/P-candidate genes. This study provides insights into the role of miRNAs in the etiology of CL/P and suggests possible strategies for the diagnosis of CL/P. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0535-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Gajera
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neha Desai
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aimin Li
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Musi Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Ciesielski TH, Bartlett J, Williams SM. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake norms and preterm birth rate: a cross-sectional analysis of 184 countries. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027249. [PMID: 31005937 PMCID: PMC6527982 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preponderance of evidence now indicates that elevated long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC omega-3 PUFA) intake is often associated with reduced risk of preterm birth (PTB). This conclusion is based on recent meta-analyses that include several studies that reported null findings. We probed the reasons for this heterogeneity across studies and its implications for PTB prevention using country-level data. METHODS We analysed the relationship between national PTB rates (<37 weeks of gestation) and omega-3 PUFA intake norms from 184 countries for the year 2010. To estimate the total LC omega-3 PUFA levels (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]/docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) that these norms produce we utilised a metric that accounts for (1) seafood-based omega-3 intake (EPA/DHA) and (2) plant-based omega-3 intake (alpha-linolenic acid [ALA]), ~20% of which is converted to EPA/DHA in vivo. We then assessed the shape of the omega-3-PTB relationship with a penalised spline and conducted linear regression analyses within the linear sections of the relationship. RESULTS Penalised spline analyses indicated that PTB rates decrease linearly with increasing omega-3 levels up to ~600 mg/day. Income-adjusted linear regression analysis among the countries in this exposure range indicated that the number of PTBs per 100 live births decreases by 1.5 (95% CI 2.8 to 0.3) for each 1 SD increase in omega-3 intake norms (383 mg/day). CONCLUSIONS Taken with prior evidence for a causal association on the individual level, our findings indicate that omega-3 PUFA deficiency may be a widespread contributing factor in PTB risk. Consideration of baseline omega-3 PUFA levels is critical in the design of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Ciesielski
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Ronin Institute, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
- The Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jacquelaine Bartlett
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- The Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- The Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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17
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Stokes BA, Sabatino JA, Zohn IE. High levels of iron supplementation prevents neural tube defects in the Fpn1 ffe mouse model. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:81-91. [PMID: 28008752 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periconception maternal nutrition and folate in particular are important factors influencing the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). Many but not all NTDs are prevented by folic acid supplementation and there is a pressing need for additional strategies to prevent these birth defects. Other micronutrients such as iron are potential candidates, yet a clear role for iron deficiency in contributing to NTDs is lacking. Our previous studies with the flatiron (ffe) mouse model of Ferroportin1 (Fpn1) deficiency suggest that iron is required for neural tube closure and forebrain development raising the possibility that iron supplementation could prevent NTDs. METHODS We determined the effect of periconception iron and/or folic acid supplementation on the penetrance of NTDs in the Fpn1ffe mouse model. Concurrently, measurements of folate and iron were made to ensure supplementation had the intended effects. RESULTS High levels of iron supplementation significantly reduced the incidence of NTDs in Fpn1ffe mutants. Fpn1 deficiency resulted in reduced folate levels in both pregnant dams and embryos. Yet folic acid supplementation did not prevent NTDs in the Fpn1ffe model. Similarly, forebrain truncations were rescued with iron. Surprisingly, the high levels of iron supplementation used in this study caused folate deficiency in wild-type dams and embryos. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that iron supplementation can prevent NTDs and forebrain truncations in the Fpn1ffe model. Surprisingly, high levels of iron supplementation and iron overload can cause folate deficiency. If iron is essential for neural tube closure, it is possible that iron deficiency might contribute to NTDs. Birth Defects Research 109:81-91, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Stokes
- Department of Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Julia A Sabatino
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
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18
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Prevalent genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in recurrent miscarriage and recurrent implantation failure. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1437-1442. [PMID: 29785531 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of two common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and repeated implantation failure (RIF) METHODS: The study comprised of 521 patients, with a history of RM (n = 370) or RIF (n = 151). One hundred forty-four women with fallopian tube blockages who had successfully conceived after the first in vitro fertilization embryo transfer treatment served as the control group. The MTHFR alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were assessed in different groups. RESULTS There was no difference in allele frequency and distribution of MTHFR polymorphisms between case and control patients. The 1298AA genotype was represented in a higher frequency, and 1298AC genotype was significantly lower in subfertile group when compared to the control group. A significant relationship was found between the 1298AC genotype and the RIF subgroup. The haplotype 677CC/1298AA was overrepresented in the RM subgroup (> 2 times) and haplotype 677CC/1298AC was underrepresented in the RIF subgroup (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, these two haplotypes were not connected to fertilization and embryo cleavage rates. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the MTHFR gene polymorphism might play a role in the etiology of patients with RM or RIF. No adverse effects of different MTHFR haplotypes on embryo development were detected. Further studies on the biological role are needed to better understand the susceptibility to pregnancy complications.
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19
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Sabatino JA, Stokes BA, Zohn IE. Prevention of neural tube defects in Lrp2 mutant mouse embryos by folic acid supplementation. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:16-26. [PMID: 27883261 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common structural birth defects in humans and are caused by the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Periconceptional supplementation with folic acid can prevent NTDs in both mouse models and human populations. A better understanding of how genes and environmental factors interact is critical toward development of rational strategies to prevent NTDs. Low density lipoprotein-related protein 2 (Lrp2) is involved in endocytosis of the folic acid receptor among numerous other nutrients and ligands. METHODS We determined the effect of iron and/or folic acid supplementation on the penetrance of NTDs in the Lrp2null mouse model. The effects of supplementation on folate and iron status were measured in embryos and dams. RESULTS Periconceptional dietary supplementation with folic acid did not prevent NTDs in Lrp2 mutant embryos, whereas high levels of folic acid supplementation by intraperitoneal injection reduced incidence of NTDs. Importantly, Lrp2null/+ dams had reduced blood folate levels that improved with daily intraperitoneal injections of folate but not dietary supplementation. On the contrary, iron supplementation had no effect on the penetrance of NTDs in Lrp2 mutant embryos and negated the preventative effect of folic acid supplementation in Lrp2null/null mutants. CONCLUSION Lrp2 is required for folate homeostasis in heterozygous dams and high levels of supplementation prevents NTDs. Furthermore, high levels of dietary iron supplementation interfered with folic acid supplementation negating the positive effects of supplementation in this model. Birth Defects Research 109:16-26, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Sabatino
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Bethany A Stokes
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
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20
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Daniels JL. Considerations for Studying Folate Beyond the Typical Range of Exposure. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018; 32:112-113. [PMID: 29165832 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Daniels
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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21
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Wiegering A, Rüther U, Gerhardt C. The Role of Hedgehog Signalling in the Formation of the Ventricular Septum. J Dev Biol 2017; 5:E17. [PMID: 29615572 PMCID: PMC5831794 DOI: 10.3390/jdb5040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An incomplete septation of the ventricles in the vertebrate heart that disturbes the strict separation between the contents of the two ventricles is termed a ventricular septal defect (VSD). Together with bicuspid aortic valves, it is the most frequent congenital heart disease in humans. Until now, life-threatening VSDs are usually treated surgically. To avoid surgery and to develop an alternative therapy (e.g., a small molecule therapy), it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ventricular septum (VS) development. Consequently, various studies focus on the investigation of signalling pathways, which play essential roles in the formation of the VS. In the past decade, several reports found evidence for an involvement of Hedgehog (HH) signalling in VS development. In this review article, we will summarise the current knowledge about the association between HH signalling and VS formation and discuss the use of such knowledge to design treatment strategies against the development of VSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Wiegering
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Rüther
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christoph Gerhardt
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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22
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Boyles AL, Yetley EA, Thayer KA, Coates PM. Safe use of high intakes of folic acid: research challenges and paths forward. Nutr Rev 2017; 74:469-74. [PMID: 27272334 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate folic acid intake is an effective dietary-based prevention tool for reducing the risk of neural tube defects. Achieving adequate intake for the prevention of neural tube defects frequently requires the consumption of foods fortified with folic acid and/or the use of folic acid-containing dietary supplements. To date, research on the potential for adverse effects of high intakes of folic acid has been limited. Without such research, it is difficult to define a value for high intake. In May 2015, an expert panel was tasked with examining the available scientific literature and making research recommendations within 4 general categories of potential folate-related adverse health effects: cancer, cognition in conjunction with vitamin B12 deficiency, hypersensitivity-related outcomes, and thyroid and diabetes-related disorders. This article summarizes the expert panel's conclusions, outlines the challenges faced when reviewing the literature, and examines some of the panel's recommendations for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abee L Boyles
- A.L. Boyles and K.A. Thayer are with the Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA. E.A. Yetley and P.M. Coates are with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Yetley
- A.L. Boyles and K.A. Thayer are with the Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA. E.A. Yetley and P.M. Coates are with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristina A Thayer
- A.L. Boyles and K.A. Thayer are with the Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA. E.A. Yetley and P.M. Coates are with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul M Coates
- A.L. Boyles and K.A. Thayer are with the Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA. E.A. Yetley and P.M. Coates are with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Marini NJ, Yang W, Asrani K, Witte JS, Rine J, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM. Sequence variation in folate pathway genes and risks of human cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2777-2787. [PMID: 27604992 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to comprehensively interrogate genetic variation in the folate pathway for risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP), we evaluated 504 common and rare variants in 35 folate-related genes in a panel of 330 infants with CLP and 367 non-malformed controls. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were computed for common genotypes. A Case-Control Difference metric was calculated for rare variants to highlight differentially occurring alleles. Interactions between variants and a maternal folate intake variable were also evaluated. In gene-only results, significant odds ratios were observed for multiple variants in the BHMT/BHMT2/DMGDH gene cluster, particularly in Hispanic infants. Also in this cluster, rare variant analysis highlighted a substantial case-control difference in BHMT rs60340837 (synonymous Y284Y). In Hispanics, the ALDH1L1 I812V variant (rs4646750) was the most significant risk allele: OR = 3.8 (95%CI = 1.6-9.2) when heterozygous. In non-Hispanic white infants, we observed significant risk for AHCYL2 rs1095423 (homozygous OR = 3.0, 95%CI 1.1-7.8) and the 68 bp CBS insertion (c.844ins68; heterozygous OR = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.1-5.3). Rare variant analysis in this group revealed case-control differences in MTRR and several other methionine cycle genes, a process implicated previously in clefting risk. In women with low folate intake specifically, increased risks were observed for CBS rs2851391 (OR = 3.6, 95%CI = 1.3-9.6) and the R259P nonsynonymous variant of TCN2 (rs1801198; OR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.2-6.3). This comprehensive study provides further direction on candidate loci to help disentangle the folate-related developmental phenomena in human clefting risk. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Marini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kripa Asrani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jasper Rine
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Edward J Lammer
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Prasoona KR, Sunitha T, Srinadh B, Deepika MLN, Kumari TM, Jyothy A. Paternal transmission of MTHFD1 G1958A variant predisposes to neural tube defects in the offspring. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58:625-31. [PMID: 26394717 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) G1958A variant (rs2236225) as a 'maternal, paternal, or embryonic' genetic risk factor for neural tube defect (NTD) susceptibility. It also estimated differential associations based on type of NTD, offspring sex, maternal-paternal-offspring genotype incompatibility, and parent-of-origin effects (POE) using both case-control and family-based approach. In addition, genotype impact on serum folate levels was also assessed. METHOD The study population (n=900) consisted of 120 NTD case-parent triads (n=120×3=360) and 180 healthy control-parent triads (n=180×3=540) from South India. Umbilical cord tissues were collected from those with NTD and control newborn infants, and blood samples from case and control parents. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis used were SPSS, transmission disequilibrium test and POE. Serum folate levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In the case-control study, those with the MTHFD1 G1958A variant were associated with around twofold risk of anencephaly (p=0.01) and spina bifida (p<0.01). Among parents, fathers were associated with around twofold risk of having an offspring with anencephaly (p<0.01). Considering offspring sex, the A allele in single or double dose conferred around two- to fourfold risk of anencephaly (p=0.01), spina bifida (p<0.01), and encephalocele (p<0.05) in females only. Maternal AA genotype was not associated independently but conferred threefold risk when combined with paternal GA genotype (p=0.01). Transmission disequilibrium and POE were not observed in controls (p>0.05) but revealed excess total (odds ratio [OR]=2.21; p<0.01) and paternal transmission (OR=7.00; p<0.01) of the G1958A allele to those with spina bifida, which remained the same for female cases (total transmission OR=3.00, p=0.01; paternal transmission OR=12.00, p<0.01). Increased serum folate levels were observed in case fathers with GA and AA genotypes than control fathers (p<0.01). INTERPRETATION Our research provides the first evidence supporting a paternal, rather than a maternal, transmission bias of MTHFD1 G1958A variant for NTD susceptibility in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattekola R Prasoona
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tella Sunitha
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Buragadda Srinadh
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madireddy L N Deepika
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Akka Jyothy
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Melo FR, Bressan RB, Costa-Silva B, Trentin AG. Effects of Folic Acid and Homocysteine on the Morphogenesis of Mouse Cephalic Neural Crest Cells In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:371-376. [PMID: 27236697 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Folate deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia have long been associated with developmental anomalies, particularly neural tube defects and neurocristopathies-a group of diverse disorders that result from defective growth, differentiation, and migration of neural crest (NC) cells. However, the exact mechanisms by which homocysteine (Hcys) and/or folate deficiencies disrupt NC development are still poorly understood in mammals. In this work, we employed a well-defined culture system to investigate the effects of Hcys and folic acid (FA) supplementation on the morphogenetic processes of murine NC cells in vitro. We demonstrated that Hcys increases outgrowth and proliferation of cephalic NC cells and impairs their differentiation into smooth muscle cells. In addition, we showed that FA alone does not directly affect the developmental dynamics of the cephalic NC cells but is able to prevent the Hcys-induced effects. Our results, therefore, suggest that elevated Hcys levels per se cause dysmorphogenesis of the cephalic NC and might contribute to neurocristopathies in mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosene Melo
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Dash SR, O'Neil A, Jacka FN. Diet and Common Mental Disorders: The Imperative to Translate Evidence into Action. Front Public Health 2016; 4:81. [PMID: 27200334 PMCID: PMC4850164 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dash
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University , Geelong, VIC , Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia; Alfred Hospital, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene influence embryo viability and the incidence of aneuploidy. Hum Genet 2016; 135:555-568. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Huot PSP, Ly A, Szeto IMY, Reza-López SA, Cho D, Kim YI, Anderson GH. Maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation interact to influence body weight, insulin resistance, and food intake regulatory gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:411-20. [PMID: 26989972 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maternal intake of multivitamins or folic acid above the basal dietary requirement alters the growth and metabolic trajectory of rat offspring. We hypothesized that a modest increase in the folic acid content of maternal diets would alter the offspring's metabolic phenotype, and that these effects could be corrected by matching the folic acid content of the offspring's diet with that of the maternal diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a control or a 2.5× folic acid-supplemented diet prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, pups from each maternal diet group were randomized to the control or to the 2.5× folic acid-supplemented diet for 25 weeks. Male pups from dams fed the folic acid-supplemented diet were 3.7% heavier than those from control-fed dams and had lower mRNA expression for leptin receptor Obrb isoform (Lepr) (11%) and Agouti-related protein (Agrp) (14%). In contrast, female pups from folic acid-supplemented dams were 5% lighter than those from control-fed dams and had lower proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) (42%), Lepr (32%), and Agrp (13%), but higher neuropeptide Y (Npy) (18%) mRNA expression. Folic acid supplementation ameliorated the alterations induced by maternal folic acid supplementation in male pups and led to the lowest insulin resistance, but the effects were smaller in female pups and led to the highest insulin resistance. In conclusion, maternal folic acid supplementation at 2.5× the control level was associated with alterations in body weight and hypothalamic gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner, and some of these effects were attenuated by postweaning folic acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S P Huot
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Anna Ly
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Ignatius M Y Szeto
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Sandra A Reza-López
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Daniel Cho
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Young-In Kim
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.,b Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.,c Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,d Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
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Mukhopadhyay P, Greene RM, Pisano MM. Cigarette smoke induces proteasomal-mediated degradation of DNA methyltransferases and methyl CpG-/CpG domain-binding proteins in embryonic orofacial cells. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58:140-8. [PMID: 26482727 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts, the most prevalent of developmental anomalies, occur with a frequency of 1 in 700 live births. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy represents a risk factor for having a child with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Using primary cultures of first branchial arch-derived cells (1-BA cells), which contribute to the formation of the lip and palate, the present study addressed the hypothesis that components of cigarette smoke alter global DNA methylation, and/or expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and various methyl CpG-binding proteins. Primary cultures of 1-BA cells, exposed to 80μg/mL cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24h, exhibited a >13% decline in global DNA methylation and triggered proteasomal-mediated degradation of Dnmts (DNMT-1 and -3a), methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 3 (MBD-3). Pretreatment of 1-BA cells with the proteasomal inhibitor MG-132 completely reversed such degradation. Collectively, these data allow the suggestion of a potential epigenetic mechanism underlying maternal cigarette smoke exposure-induced orofacial clefting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- University of Louisville Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Robert M Greene
- University of Louisville Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - M Michele Pisano
- University of Louisville Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, ULSD, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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Mazumdar M, Valeri L, Rodrigues EG, Ibne Hasan MOS, Hamid R, Paul L, Selhub J, Silva F, Mostofa MG, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Christiani DC. Polymorphisms in maternal folate pathway genes interact with arsenic in drinking water to influence risk of myelomeningocele. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:754-62. [PMID: 26250961 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic induces neural tube defects in many animal models. Additionally, studies have shown that mice with specific genetic defects in folate metabolism and transport are more susceptible to arsenic-induced neural tube defects. We sought to determine whether 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism modified the effect of exposure to drinking water contaminated with inorganic arsenic and posterior neural tube defect (myelomeningocele) risk. METHODS Fifty-four mothers of children with myelomeningocele and 55 controls were enrolled through clinical sites in rural Bangladesh in a case-control study of the association between environmental arsenic exposure and risk of myelomeningocele. We assessed participants for level of myelomeningocele, administered questionnaires, conducted biological and environmental sample collection, and performed genotyping. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure inorganic arsenic concentration in drinking water. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified through review of the literature. RESULTS Drinking water inorganic arsenic concentration was associated with increased risk of myelomeningocele for participants with 4 of the 14 studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism: the AA/AG genotype of rs2236225 (MTHFD1), the GG genotype of rs1051266 (SLC19A1), the TT genotype of rs7560488 (DNMT3A), and the GG genotype of rs3740393 (AS3MT) with adjusted odds ratio of 1.13, 1.31, 1.20, and 1.25 for rs2236225, rs1051266, rs7560488, and rs3740393, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that environmental arsenic exposure increases the risk of myelomeningocele by means of interaction with folate metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyi Mazumdar
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ema G Rodrigues
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ligi Paul
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Selhub
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fareesa Silva
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tang N, Bamford P, Jones J, He M, Kane MA, Mooney SM, Bearer CF. Choline partially prevents the impact of ethanol on the lipid raft dependent functions of l1 cell adhesion molecule. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2722-30. [PMID: 25421509 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the leading known cause of mental retardation, is caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. One mechanism of ethanol (EtOH) teratogenicity is the disruption of the functions of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1). These functions include enhancement of neurite outgrowth, trafficking through lipid rafts, and signal transduction. Recent data have shown that choline supplementation of rat pups reduces the effects of EtOH on neurobehavior. We sought to determine whether choline could prevent the effect of EtOH on L1 function using a simple experimental system. METHODS Cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) from postnatal day 6 rat pups were cultured with and without supplemental choline, and the effects on L1 signaling, lipid raft distribution, and neurite outgrowth were measured in the presence or absence of EtOH. RESULTS Choline significantly reduced the effect of EtOH on L1 signaling, the distribution of L1 in lipid rafts and L1-mediated neurite outgrowth. However, choline supplemented EtOH-exposed cultures remained significantly different than controls. CONCLUSIONS Choline pretreatment of CGN significantly reduces the disruption of L1 function by EtOH, but does not completely return L1 function to baseline. This experimental system will enable discovery of the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfeng Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the vertebral column is open, often with spinal cord involvement. The most clinically significant subtype is myelomeningocele (open spina bifida), which is a condition characterized by failure of the lumbosacral spinal neural tube to close during embryonic development. The exposed neural tissue degenerates in utero, resulting in neurological deficit that varies with the level of the lesion. Occurring in approximately 1 per 1,000 births worldwide, myelomeningocele is one of the most common congenital malformations, but its cause is largely unknown. The genetic component is estimated at 60-70%, but few causative genes have been identified to date, despite much information from mouse models. Non-genetic maternal risk factors include reduced folate intake, anticonvulsant therapy, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Primary prevention by periconceptional supplementation with folic acid has been demonstrated in clinical trials, leading to food fortification programmes in many countries. Prenatal diagnosis is achieved by ultrasonography, enabling women to seek termination of pregnancy. Individuals who survive to birth have their lesions closed surgically, with subsequent management of associated defects, including the Chiari II brain malformation, hydrocephalus, and urological and orthopaedic sequelae. Fetal surgical repair of myelomeningocele has been associated with improved early neurological outcome compared with postnatal operation. Myelomeningocele affects quality of life during childhood, adolescence and adulthood, posing a challenge for individuals, families and society as a whole. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/fK9XNa.
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Wilde JJ, Petersen JR, Niswander L. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions to neural tube closure. Annu Rev Genet 2014; 48:583-611. [PMID: 25292356 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the embryonic brain and spinal cord begins as the neural plate bends to form the neural folds, which meet and adhere to close the neural tube. The neural ectoderm and surrounding tissues also coordinate proliferation, differentiation, and patterning. This highly orchestrated process is susceptible to disruption, leading to neural tube defects (NTDs), a common birth defect. Here, we highlight genetic and epigenetic contributions to neural tube closure. We describe an online database we created as a resource for researchers, geneticists, and clinicians. Neural tube closure is sensitive to environmental influences, and we discuss disruptive causes, preventative measures, and possible mechanisms. New technologies will move beyond candidate genes in small cohort studies toward unbiased discoveries in sporadic NTD cases. This will uncover the genetic complexity of NTDs and critical gene-gene interactions. Animal models can reveal the causative nature of genetic variants, the genetic interrelationships, and the mechanisms underlying environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Wilde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045;
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Apkon SD, Grady R, Hart S, Lee A, McNalley T, Niswander L, Petersen J, Remley S, Rotenstein D, Shurtleff H, Warner M, Walker WO. Advances in the care of children with spina bifida. Adv Pediatr 2014; 61:33-74. [PMID: 25037124 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Apkon
- Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S OB-8414, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Richard Grady
- Section of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Solveig Hart
- Rehabilitation Services, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S W7729, PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Thomas McNalley
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S OB-8404, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mail Stop 8133, Building RC1 South, Room L18-12106, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Juliette Petersen
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8133, Building RC1 South, L18-12400D, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sheridan Remley
- Rehabilitation Services, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Deborah Rotenstein
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Endocrine Division, Pediatric Alliance, 1789 South Braddock Avenue, Suite 294, Pittsburgh, PA 15218, USA
| | - Hillary Shurtleff
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Child Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Molly Warner
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Neuropsychology Consult Service, Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - William O Walker
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, M/S OC.9.940, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Carmichael SL. Birth defects epidemiology. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:355-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kappen C. Modeling anterior development in mice: diet as modulator of risk for neural tube defects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 163C:333-56. [PMID: 24124024 PMCID: PMC4149464 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Head morphogenesis is a complex process that is controlled by multiple signaling centers. The most common defects of cranial development are craniofacial defects, such as cleft lip and cleft palate, and neural tube defects, such as anencephaly and encephalocoele in humans. More than 400 genes that contribute to proper neural tube closure have been identified in experimental animals, but only very few causative gene mutations have been identified in humans, supporting the notion that environmental influences are critical. The intrauterine environment is influenced by maternal nutrition, and hence, maternal diet can modulate the risk for cranial and neural tube defects. This article reviews recent progress toward a better understanding of nutrients during pregnancy, with particular focus on mouse models for defective neural tube closure. At least four major patterns of nutrient responses are apparent, suggesting that multiple pathways are involved in the response, and likely in the underlying pathogenesis of the defects. Folic acid has been the most widely studied nutrient, and the diverse responses of the mouse models to folic acid supplementation indicate that folic acid is not universally beneficial, but that the effect is dependent on genetic configuration. If this is the case for other nutrients as well, efforts to prevent neural tube defects with nutritional supplementation may need to become more specifically targeted than previously appreciated. Mouse models are indispensable for a better understanding of nutrient-gene interactions in normal pregnancies, as well as in those affected by metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity.
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Imbard A, Benoist JF, Blom HJ. Neural tube defects, folic acid and methylation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:4352-89. [PMID: 24048206 PMCID: PMC3799525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10094352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common complex congenital malformations resulting from failure of the neural tube closure during embryogenesis. It is established that folic acid supplementation decreases the prevalence of NTDs, which has led to national public health policies regarding folic acid. To date, animal studies have not provided sufficient information to establish the metabolic and/or genomic mechanism(s) underlying human folic acid responsiveness in NTDs. However, several lines of evidence suggest that not only folates but also choline, B12 and methylation metabolisms are involved in NTDs. Decreased B12 vitamin and increased total choline or homocysteine in maternal blood have been shown to be associated with increased NTDs risk. Several polymorphisms of genes involved in these pathways have also been implicated in risk of development of NTDs. This raises the question whether supplementation with B12 vitamin, betaine or other methylation donors in addition to folic acid periconceptional supplementation will further reduce NTD risk. The objective of this article is to review the role of methylation metabolism in the onset of neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Imbard
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, 48 bd Serrurier, Paris 75019, France; E-Mail:
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU Free University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Biochemistry-Hormonology Laboratory, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, 48 bd Serrurier, Paris 75019, France; E-Mail:
| | - Henk J. Blom
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU Free University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
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Xie W, Schlücker S. Medical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5329-44. [PMID: 23482970 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp43858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article provides an overview of selected medical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), highlighting recent developments and trends. The use of SERS for detection, analysis and imaging has attracted great interest in the past decade owing to its high sensitivity and molecular fingerprint specificity. SERS can deliver chemical and structural information from analytes rapidly and nondestructively in a label-free manner. Alternatively, SERS labels or nanotags, when conjugated to target-specific ligands, can be employed for the selective detection and localization of the corresponding target molecule. Biomedical applications based on both approaches are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Shaw GM, Yang W, Perloff S, Shaw NM, Carmichael SL, Zhu H, Lammer EJ. Thymidylate synthase polymorphisms and risks of human orofacial clefts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 97:95-100. [PMID: 23404871 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underlying mechanisms are unknown by which folic acid use in early pregnancy may reduce risks of orofacial clefts. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is a folate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes reductive methylation of deoxyuridylate to thymidylate, thereby playing a central role in DNA synthesis and repair. We investigated two TYMS functional variants (a 28-bp tandem repeat in the promoter enhancer region of the 5'-UTR; and TYMS 1494del6 (rs16430): a 6-bp deletion in the 3'-UTR) for their risk of cleft palate (CP) and of cleft lip with/without CP (CLP). We investigated effect measure modification between these variants and maternal folate intake for cleft risk. DESIGN This case-control study included deliveries from July 1999 to June 2003 from select areas of California. Case groups included CLP or CP alone. Nonmalformed, liveborn controls were randomly selected. Maternal interviews provided information on vitamin use and dietary folate intake. DNA was derived from newborn bloodspots. RESULTS Data were available for 304 CLP cases, 123 CP cases, and 581 controls. 1496del6 variants did not appear to influence risk of CP or CLP. Homozygosity for the 28-bp VNTR variant influenced CP risk (odds ratios, OR = 1.8, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.1), particularly among Hispanic infants, OR 2.1 (1.0-4.6). Effect measure modification was observed between the 28-bp VNTR and combined folate intake for CP with an OR of 10.0 (1.6-60.9). CONCLUSION Although these findings are consistent with biological mechanisms, they were based on relatively small sample sizes and may represent false-positive discoveries. Replication is warranted in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Salbaum JM, Kruger C, Kappen C. Mutation at the folate receptor 4 locus modulates gene expression profiles in the mouse uterus in response to periconceptional folate supplementation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1653-61. [PMID: 23651732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Periconceptional supplementation of folic acid to the diet of women is considered a great success for a public health intervention. Higher folate status, either by supplementation, or via the mandatory fortification of grain products in the United States, has led to significant reduction in the incidence of neural tube defects. Besides birth defects, folate deficiency has been linked to a variety of morbidities, most notably to increased risk for cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that excess folate may be detrimental - for birth defect incidence or in the progression of cancer. How folate mediates beneficial or detrimental effects is not well understood. It is also unknown what molecular responses are elicited in women taking folate supplements, and thus experience a bolus of folate on top of the status achieved by fortification. To characterize the response to a periconceptional regimen of supplementation with folinic acid, we performed gene expression profiling experiments on uterus tissue of pregnant mice with either wildtype alleles or targeted disruption at the folate receptor 4 locus. We observed that, depending on the genetic background, folinic acid supplementation affects expression of genes that contribute to lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, cell cycle, and cell activation. The extent of the response is strongly modulated by the genetic background. Finally, we provide evidence that folinic acid supplementation in the mutant paradigm affects histone methylation status, a potential mechanism of gene regulation in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Salbaum
- Department of Regulation of Gene Expression, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Chokkalingam AP, Chun DS, Noonan EJ, Pfeiffer CM, Zhang M, Month SR, Taggart DR, Wiemels JL, Metayer C, Buffler PA. Blood levels of folate at birth and risk of childhood leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1088-94. [PMID: 23576692 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A role for folate in cancer etiology has long been suspected because of folate's function as a cofactor in DNA methylation and maintenance of DNA synthesis. Previous case-control studies examining the association between risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and mothers' self-reported folate intake and supplementation have been inconclusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a quantitative microbiologic assay to measure newborn folate concentrations in archived dried bloodspots collected at birth from 313 incident ALL cases, 44 incident acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, and 405 matched population-based controls. RESULTS Overall, we found no difference in hemoglobin-normalized newborn folate concentrations (HbFol, nmol/g) between ALL cases and controls (2.76 vs. 2.77, P = 0.97) or between AML cases and controls (2.93 vs. 2.76, P = 0.32). Null results persisted after stratification by both birth period (1982-94, 1995-98, and 1999-2002) to account for the start of folate fortification of grain products in the United States, and by self-reported maternal prepregnancy supplement use. Similarly, no association was observed for major ALL subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support an association between birth folate concentrations and risk of childhood AML or major ALL subgroups. IMPACT However, they do not rule out a role for folate through exposures after birth or in early stages of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand P Chokkalingam
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, 1995 University Ave, Ste 460, Berkeley CA 94704, USA.
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Wallingford JB, Niswander LA, Shaw GM, Finnell RH. The continuing challenge of understanding, preventing, and treating neural tube defects. Science 2013; 339:1222002. [PMID: 23449594 DOI: 10.1126/science.1222002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human birth defects are a major public health burden: The Center for Disease Control estimates that 1 of every 33 United States newborns presents with a birth defect, and worldwide the estimate approaches 6% of all births. Among the most common and debilitating of human birth defects are those affecting the formation of the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system. Neural tube defects (NTDs) arise from a complex combination of genetic and environmental interactions. Although substantial advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of these malformations, NTDs remain a substantial public health problem, and we are only now beginning to understand their etiology. Here, we review the process of neural tube development and how defects in this process lead to NTDs, both in humans and in the animal models that serve to inform our understanding of these processes. The insights we are gaining will help generate new intervention strategies to tackle the clinical challenges and to alleviate the personal and societal burdens that accompany these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Wallingford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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43
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Rosenquist TH. Folate, Homocysteine and the Cardiac Neural Crest. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:201-18. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Rosenquist
- Department of Genetics; Cell Biology and Anatomy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; Nebraska
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Alcohol modulates expression of DNA methyltranferases and methyl CpG-/CpG domain-binding proteins in murine embryonic fibroblasts. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 37:40-8. [PMID: 23395981 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), presenting with a constellation of neuro-/psychological, craniofacial and cardiac abnormalities, occurs frequently in offspring of women who consume alcohol during pregnancy, with a prevalence of 1-3 per 1000 livebirths. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that alcohol alters global DNA methylation, and modulates expression of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and various methyl CpG-binding proteins. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), utilized as an in vitro embryonic model system, demonstrated ∼5% reduction in global DNA methylation following exposure to 200mM ethanol. In addition, ethanol induced degradation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT-1, DNMT-3a, and DNMT-3b), as well as the methyl CpG-binding proteins (MeCP-2, MBD-2 and MBD-3), in MEF cells by the proteasomal pathway. Such degradation could be completely rescued by pretreatment of MEF cells with the proteasomal inhibitor, MG-132. These data support a potential epigenetic molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of FAS during mammalian development.
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45
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Jin L, Zhang L, Li Z, Liu JM, Ye R, Ren A. Placental concentrations of mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic and the risk of neural tube defects in a Chinese population. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 35:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Yamaguchi Y, Miura M. How to form and close the brain: insight into the mechanism of cranial neural tube closure in mammals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:3171-86. [PMID: 23242429 PMCID: PMC3742426 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of the embryonic brain critically depends on successfully completing cranial neural tube closure (NTC). Failure to properly close the neural tube results in significant and potentially lethal neural tube defects (NTDs). We believe these malformations are caused by disruptions in normal developmental programs such as those involved in neural plate morphogenesis and patterning, tissue fusion, and coordinated cell behaviors. Cranial NTDs include anencephaly and craniorachischisis, both lethal human birth defects. Newly emerging methods for molecular and cellular analysis offer a deeper understanding of not only the developmental NTC program itself but also mechanical and kinetic aspects of closure that may contribute to cranial NTDs. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms involved in NTC and how they relate to the onset of specific NTDs in various experimental models may help us develop novel intervention strategies to prevent NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, and CREST, JST, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Wang X, Cabrera RM, Li Y, Miller DS, Finnell RH. Functional regulation of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) mutant mice. FASEB J 2012; 27:1167-75. [PMID: 23212123 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-218495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Folate deficiency has been associated with many adverse clinical manifestations. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed by brain capillary endothelial cells, protects the brain from exposure to neurotoxicants. The function of BBB is modulated by multiple ABC transporters, particularly P-glycoprotein. A proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT)-deficient mouse has been previously described as a model for systemic folate deficiency. Herein, we demonstrate that exposing mouse brain capillaries to the antiepileptic drug, valproic acid (VPA; 5 μM), significantly increased P-glycoprotein transport function in the wild-type animals. A ligand to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), produced a similar induction of P-glycoprotein, which tightened the BBB, thereby increasing the neuroprotection. However, VPA- or TCDD-induced P-glycoprotein transport was blocked in the PCFT-nullizygous mice, indicating that multiple neuroprotective mechanisms are compromised under folate-deficient conditions. Brain capillaries from S-folinic acid (SFA; 40 mg/kg)-treated PCFT-nullizygous mice exhibited increased P-glycoprotein transport following VPA exposure. This suggests that SFA supplementation restored the normal BBB function. In addition, we show that tight-junction proteins are disintegrated in the PCFT mutant mice. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that folate deficiency disrupts the BBB function by targeting the transporter and tight junctions, which may contribute to the development of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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48
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Chojnicka I, Sobczyk-Kopcioł A, Fudalej M, Fudalej S, Wojnar M, Waśkiewicz A, Broda G, Strawa K, Pawlak A, Krajewski P, Płoski R. No association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and completed suicide. Gene 2012; 511:118-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Al-Sabbak M, Sadik Ali S, Savabi O, Savabi G, Dastgiri S, Savabieasfahani M. Metal contamination and the epidemic of congenital birth defects in Iraqi cities. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 89:937-44. [PMID: 22983726 PMCID: PMC3464374 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Between October 1994 and October 1995, the number of birth defects per 1,000 live births in Al Basrah Maternity Hospital was 1.37. In 2003, the number of birth defects in Al Basrah Maternity Hospital was 23 per 1,000 live births. Within less than a decade, the occurrence of congenital birth defects increased by an astonishing 17-fold in the same hospital. A yearly account of the occurrence and types of birth defects, between 2003 and 2011, in Al Basrah Maternity Hospital, was reported. Metal levels in hair, toenail, and tooth samples of residents of Al Basrah were also provided. The enamel portion of the deciduous tooth from a child with birth defects from Al Basrah (4.19 μg/g) had nearly three times higher lead than the whole teeth of children living in unimpacted areas. Lead was 1.4 times higher in the tooth enamel of parents of children with birth defects (2,497 ± 1,400 μg/g, mean ± SD) compared to parents of normal children (1,826 ± 1,819 μg/g). Our data suggested that birth defects in the Iraqi cities of Al Basrah (in the south of Iraq) and Fallujah (in central Iraq) are mainly folate-dependent. This knowledge offers possible treatment options and remediation plans for at-risk Iraqi populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Sabbak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al Basrah Maternity Hospital, Al Basrah Medical School, P.O. Box 1633, Basrah, Iraq
| | - S. Sadik Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al Basrah Maternity Hospital, Al Basrah Medical School, P.O. Box 1633, Basrah, Iraq
| | - O. Savabi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - G. Savabi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S. Dastgiri
- National Public Health Management Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M. Savabieasfahani
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, EHS Room Number M6016, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
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Littner Y, Tang N, He M, Bearer CF. L1 cell adhesion molecule signaling is inhibited by ethanol in vivo. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 37:383-9. [PMID: 23050935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is an immense public health problem. In vitro studies support the hypothesis that L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1) is a target for ethanol (EtOH) developmental neurotoxicity. L1 is critical for the development of the central nervous system. It functions through signal transduction leading to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tyrosines on its cytoplasmic domain. The function of L1 is also dependent on trafficking through lipid rafts (LRs). Our hypothesis is that L1 is a target for EtOH neurotoxicity in vivo. Our objective is to demonstrate changes in L1 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and LR association in vivo. METHODS Rat pups on postnatal day 6 are administered 4.5, 5.25, and 6 g/kg of EtOH divided into 2 doses 2 hours apart, then killed. Cerebella are rapidly frozen for assay. Blood is analyzed for blood EtOH concentration. L1 tyrosine phosphorylation is determined by immunoprecipitation and dephosphorylation of tyrosine 1176 determined by immunoblot. LRs are isolated by sucrose density gradient, and the distribution of L1 in LRs is determined. RESULTS EtOH at all doses reduced the relative amount of Y1176 dephosphorylation as well as the relative amount of L1 phosphorylated on other tyrosines. The proportion of L1 present in LRs is significantly increased in pups who received 6 g/kg EtOH compared to intubated controls. CONCLUSIONS L1 is a target for EtOH developmental neurotoxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Littner
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Children's Hospital, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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