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Hoogstraten CA, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM. Unlocking mitochondrial drug targets: The importance of mitochondrial transport proteins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14150. [PMID: 38666512 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A disturbed mitochondrial function contributes to the pathology of many common diseases. These organelles are therefore important therapeutic targets. On the contrary, many adverse effects of drugs can be explained by a mitochondrial off-target effect, in particular, due to an interaction with carrier proteins in the inner membrane. Yet this class of transport proteins remains underappreciated and understudied. The aim of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in health and disease and their significance as drug targets. We present literature-based evidence that mitochondrial carrier proteins are associated with prevalent diseases and emphasize their potential as drug (off-)target sites by summarizing known mitochondrial drug-transporter interactions. Studying these carriers will enhance our knowledge of mitochondrial drug on- and off-targets and provide opportunities to further improve the efficacy and safety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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2
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Álvarez-Fernández L, Gomez-Gomez A, Haro N, García-Lino AM, Álvarez AI, Pozo OJ, Merino G. ABCG2 transporter plays a key role in the biodistribution of melatonin and its main metabolites. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12849. [PMID: 36562106 PMCID: PMC10078363 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2) is an efflux transporter expressed in the apical membrane of cells from a large number of tissues, directly affecting bioavailability, tissue accumulation, and secretion into milk of both xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The aim of this work was to characterize the role of ABCG2 in the systemic distribution and secretion into milk of melatonin and its main metabolites, 6-hydroxymelatonin, and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. For this purpose, we first showed that these three molecules are transported by this transporter using in vitro transepithelial assays with MDCK-II polarized cells transduced with different species variants of ABCG2. Second, we tested the in vivo effect of murine Abcg2 in the systemic distribution of melatonin and its metabolites using wild-type and Abcg2-/- mice. Our results show that after oral administration of melatonin, the plasma concentration of melatonin metabolites in Abcg2-/- mice was between 1.5 and 6-fold higher compared to the wild-type mice. We also evaluated in these animals differences in tissue accumulation of melatonin metabolites. The most relevant differences between both types of mice were found for small intestine and kidney (>sixfold increase for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in Abcg2-/- mice). Finally, melatonin secretion into milk was also affected by the murine Abcg2 transporter, with a twofold higher milk concentration in wild-type compared with Abcg2-/- lactating female mice. In addition, melatonin metabolites showed a higher milk-to-plasma ratio in wild-type mice. Overall, our results show that the ABCG2 transporter plays a critical role in the biodistribution of melatonin and its main metabolites, thereby potentially affecting their biological and therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Álvarez-Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alex Gomez-Gomez
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Haro
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba M García-Lino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana I Álvarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gracia Merino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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3
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Agustina R, Masuo Y, Kido Y, Shinoda K, Ishimoto T, Kato Y. Identification of Food-Derived Isoflavone Sulfates as Inhibition Markers for Intestinal Breast Cancer Resistance Proteins. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:972-984. [PMID: 34413161 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential inhibition of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a drug efflux transporter, is a key issue during drug development, and the use of its physiologic substrates as biomarkers can be advantageous to assess inhibition. In this study, we aimed to identify BCRP substrates by an untargeted metabolomic approach. Mice were orally administered lapatinib to inhibit BCRP in vivo, and plasma samples were assessed by liquid chromatography/time of flight/mass spectrometry with all-ion fragmentation acquisition and quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A differential metabolomic analysis was also performed for plasma from Bcrp -/- and wild-type mice. Plasma peaks of food-derived isoflavone metabolites, daidzein sulfate (DS), and genistein sulfate (GS) increased after lapatinib administration and in Bcrp -/- mice. Administration of lapatinib and another BCRP inhibitor febuxostat increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of DS, GS, and equol sulfate (ES) by 3.6- and 1.8-, 5.6- and 4.1-, and 1.6- and 4.8-fold, respectively. BCRP inhibitors also increased the AUC and maximum plasma concentration of DS and ES after coadministration with each parent compound. After adding parent compounds to the apical side of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial-like cells, DS, GS, and ES in the basal compartment significantly increased in the presence of lapatinib and febuxostat, suggesting the inhibition of intestinal BCRP. ATP-dependent uptake of DS and ES in BCRP-expressing membrane vesicles was reduced by both inhibitors, indicating inhibition of BCRP-mediated DS and ES transport. Thus, we propose the first evidence of surrogate markers for BCRP inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study performed untargeted metabolomics to identify substrates of BCRP/ABCG2 to assess changes in its transport activity in vivo by BCRP/ABCG2 inhibitors. Food-derived isoflavone sulfates were identified as useful markers for evaluating changes in BCRP-mediated transport in the small intestine by its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Agustina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Yasuto Kido
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Kyosuke Shinoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Takahiro Ishimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
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4
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Ganguly S, Finkelstein D, Shaw TI, Michalek RD, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Yasuda K, Fukuda Y, Schuetz JD, Mukherjee K, Schuetz EG. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals endogenous substrates and metabolic adaptation in rats lacking Abcg2 and Abcb1a transporters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253852. [PMID: 34255797 PMCID: PMC8277073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abcg2/Bcrp and Abcb1a/Pgp are xenobiotic efflux transporters limiting substrate permeability in the gastrointestinal system and brain, and increasing renal and hepatic drug clearance. The systemic impact of Bcrp and Pgp ablation on metabolic homeostasis of endogenous substrates is incompletely understood. We performed untargeted metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, transcriptomics of brain, liver and kidney from male Sprague Dawley rats (WT) and Bcrp/Pgp double knock-out (dKO) rats, and integrated metabolomic/transcriptomic analysis to identify putative substrates and perturbations in canonical metabolic pathways. A predictive Bayesian machine learning model was used to predict in silico those metabolites with greater substrate-like features for either transporters. The CSF and plasma levels of 169 metabolites, nutrients, signaling molecules, antioxidants and lipids were significantly altered in dKO rats, compared to WT rats. These metabolite changes suggested alterations in histidine, branched chain amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the dKO rats. Levels of methylated and sulfated metabolites and some primary bile acids were increased in dKO CSF or plasma. Elevated uric acid levels appeared to be a primary driver of changes in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Alterations in Bcrp/Pgp dKO CSF levels of antioxidants, precursors of neurotransmitters, and uric acid suggests the transporters may contribute to the regulation of a healthy central nervous system in rats. Microbiome-generated metabolites were found to be elevated in dKO rat plasma and CSF. The altered dKO metabolome appeared to cause compensatory transcriptional change in urate biosynthesis and response to lipopolysaccharide in brain, oxidation-reduction processes and response to oxidative stress and porphyrin biosynthesis in kidney, and circadian rhythm genes in liver. These findings present insight into endogenous functions of Bcrp and Pgp, the impact that transporter substrates, inhibitors or polymorphisms may have on metabolism, how transporter inhibition could rewire drug sensitivity indirectly through metabolic changes, and identify functional Bcrp biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Ganguly
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Track, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy I. Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Kimberly M. Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kazuto Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John D. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erin G. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xiao H, Zheng Y, Ma L, Tian L, Sun Q. Clinically-Relevant ABC Transporter for Anti-Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648407. [PMID: 33953682 PMCID: PMC8089384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR), referring to the resistance of cancer cells to a broad spectrum of structurally and mechanistically unrelated drugs across membranes, severely impairs the response to chemotherapy and leads to chemotherapy failure. Overexpression of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters is a major contributing factor resulting in MDR, which can recognize and mediate the efflux of diverse drugs from cancer cells, thereby decreasing intracellular drug concentration. Therefore, modulators of ABC transporter could be used in combination with standard chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs to augment the therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the recent advances of important cancer-related ABC transporters, focusing on their physiological functions, structures, and the development of new compounds as ABC transporter inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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6
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Toyoda Y, Takada T, Suzuki H. Inhibitors of Human ABCG2: From Technical Background to Recent Updates With Clinical Implications. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30890942 PMCID: PMC6411714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2; also known as breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP) has been suggested to be involved in clinical multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer like other ABC transporters such as ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein). As an efflux pump exhibiting a broad substrate specificity localized on cellular plasma membrane, ABCG2 excretes a variety of endogenous and exogenous substrates including chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitoxantrone and several tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, in the normal tissues, ABCG2 is expressed on the apical membranes and plays a pivotal role in tissue protection against various xenobiotics. For this reason, ABCG2 is recognized to be an important determinant of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of its substrate drugs. Although the clinical relevance of reversing the ABCG2-mediated MDR has been inconclusive, an appropriate modulation of ABCG2 function during chemotherapy should logically enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer agents by overcoming the MDR phenotype and/or improving their pharmacokinetics. To confirm this possibility, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing ABCG2 inhibitors, although there is no clinically available substance for this purpose. As a clue for addressing this issue, this mini-review provides integrated information covering the technical backgrounds necessary to evaluate the ABCG2 inhibitory effects on the target compounds and a current update on the ABCG2 inhibitors. This essentially includes our recent findings, as we serendipitously identified febuxostat, a well-used agent for hyperuricemia as a strong ABCG2 inhibitor, that possesses some promising potentials. We hope that an overview described here will add value to further studies involving in the multidrug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Toyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Investigation of adrenal and thyroid gland dysfunction in dogs with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212638. [PMID: 30811473 PMCID: PMC6392329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder mucocele formation is an emerging disease in dogs characterized by increased secretion of condensed granules of gel-forming mucin by the gallbladder epithelium and formation of an abnormally thick mucus that can culminate in obstruction of the bile duct or rupture of the gallbladder. The disease is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and its pathogenesis is unknown. Affected dogs have a significantly increased likelihood of concurrent diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia. Whether these endocrinopathies represent coincidental primary disease processes that exacerbate gallbladder mucocele formation in predisposed dogs or reflect a concurrent disruption of endocrine and lipid metabolism is unclear. In this study, we investigated a hypothesis that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation would have a high prevalence of occult and atypical abnormalities in adrenal cortical and thyroid gland function that would suggest the presence of endocrine disruption and provide deeper insight into disease pathogenesis. We performed a case-control study of dogs with and without ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele formation and profiled adrenal cortical function using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based assay of serum adrenal-origin steroids before and after administration of synthetic cosyntropin. We simultaneously profiled serum thyroid hormone concentrations and evaluated iodine sufficiency by measurement of urine iodine:creatinine ratios (UICR). The studies were complemented by histological examination of archival thyroid tissue and measurements of thyroid gland organic iodine from dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation and control dogs. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation demonstrated an exaggerated cortisol response to adrenal stimulation with cosyntropin. A prevalence of 10% of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation met laboratory-based criteria for suspect or definitive diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. A significantly greater number of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had basal serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) increases compared to control dogs. A high percentage of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation (26%) met laboratory-based criteria for diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but lacked detection of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation had significantly higher UICRs than control dogs. Examination of thyroid tissue from an unrelated group of dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation did not demonstrate histological evidence of thyroiditis or significant differences in content of organic iodine. These findings suggest that dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation have a greater capacity for cortisol synthesis and pinpoint DHEAS elevations as a potential clue to the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. A high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction with absent evidence for autoimmune thyroiditis suggest a disrupted thyroid hormone metabolism in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation although an influence of non-thyroidal illness cannot be excluded. High UICR in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation is of undetermined significance, but of interest for further study.
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Combination Metabolomics Approach for Identifying Endogenous Substrates of Carnitine/Organic Cation Transporter OCTN1. Pharm Res 2018; 35:224. [PMID: 30280275 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solute carrier SLC22A4 encodes the carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1 and is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, although little is known about how this gene is linked to pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to identify endogenous substrates that are associated with gastrointestinal inflammation. METHODS HEK293/OCTN1 and mock cells were incubated with colon extracts isolated from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice; the subsequent cell lysates were mixed with the amino group selective reagent 3-aminopyridyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (APDS), to selectively label OCTN1 substrates. Precursor ion scanning against the fragment ion of APDS was then used to identify candidate OCTN1 substrates. RESULTS Over 10,000 peaks were detected by precursor ion scanning; m/z 342 had a higher signal in HEK293/OCTN1 compared to mock cells. This peak was detected as a divalent ion that contained four APDS-derived fragments and was identified as spermine. Spermine concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from octn1 gene knockout mice (octn1-/-) was significantly lower than in wild-type mice. Lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in peritoneal macrophages from octn1-/- mice was lower than in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS The combination metabolomics approach can provide a novel tool to identify endogenous substrates of OCTN1.
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Kas SM, de Ruiter JR, Schipper K, Schut E, Bombardelli L, Wientjens E, Drenth AP, de Korte-Grimmerink R, Mahakena S, Phillips C, Smith PD, Klarenbeek S, van de Wetering K, Berns A, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Transcriptomics and Transposon Mutagenesis Identify Multiple Mechanisms of Resistance to the FGFR Inhibitor AZD4547. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5668-5679. [PMID: 30115694 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In human cancers, FGFR signaling is frequently hyperactivated by deregulation of FGF ligands or by activating mutations in the FGFR receptors such as gene amplifications, point mutations, and gene fusions. As such, FGFR inhibitors are considered an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with mutations in FGFR family members. We previously identified Fgfr2 as a key driver of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) in an in vivo insertional mutagenesis screen using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Here we explore whether these FGFR-driven ILCs are sensitive to the FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 and use transposon mutagenesis in these tumors to identify potential mechanisms of resistance to therapy. Combined with RNA sequencing-based analyses of AZD4547-resistant tumors, our in vivo approach identified several known and novel potential resistance mechanisms to FGFR inhibition, most of which converged on reactivation of the canonical MAPK-ERK signaling cascade. Observed resistance mechanisms included mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of FGFR2, overexpression of MET, inactivation of RASA1, and activation of the drug-efflux transporter ABCG2. ABCG2 and RASA1 were identified only from de novo transposon insertions acquired during AZD4547 treatment, demonstrating that insertional mutagenesis in mice is an effective tool for identifying potential mechanisms of resistance to targeted cancer therapies.Significance: These findings demonstrate that a combined approach of transcriptomics and insertional mutagenesis in vivo is an effective method for identifying potential targets to overcome resistance to therapy in the clinic. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5668-79. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors M Kas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Schipper
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Bombardelli
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wientjens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske de Korte-Grimmerink
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunny Mahakena
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Paul D Smith
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Otero JA, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Álvarez AI, Merino G. An altered tissue distribution of flaxseed lignans and their metabolites in Abcg2 knockout mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:636-642. [PMID: 29292449 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01549f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are dietary polyphenols, which are metabolized by gut microbiota into the phytoestrogenic metabolites enterolignans, mainly enterolactone and enterodiol. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that affects the plasma and milk secretion of several drugs and natural compounds. We hypothesized here that Abcg2 could influence the levels of lignans and their derived metabolites in target tissues. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the role of Abcg2 in the tissue distribution of these compounds. We used Abcg2-/- knockout and wild-type male mice fed with a lignan-enriched diet for one week and analysed their plasma, small intestine, colon, liver, kidneys and testicles. High levels of lignans as well as enterolignans and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in the small intestine and colon were detected, with higher concentrations of the conjugates in the wild-type compared with Abcg2-/- mice. Particularly relevant was the detection of 24-fold and 8-fold higher concentrations of enterolactone-sulfate and enterolactone-glucuronide, respectively, in the kidney of Abcg2-/- compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, our study showed that lignans and their derived metabolites were in vivo substrates of Abcg2, which affected their plasma and tissue levels. These results highlight the role of Abcg2 in influencing the health-beneficial properties of dietary lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne García-Mateos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain.
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) influences the levels of enterolignans and their metabolites in plasma, milk and mammary gland. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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12
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Zaja R, Popović M, Lončar J, Smital T. Functional characterization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Abcg2a (Bcrp) transporter. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 190:15-23. [PMID: 27475308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
ABCG2 (BCRP - breast cancer resistance protein) belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. It plays an important role in the disposition and elimination of xeno- and endobiotics and/or their metabolites in mammals. Likewise, the protective role of ABC transporters, including Abcg2, has been reported for aquatic organisms. In our previous study we have cloned the full gene sequence of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Abcg2a and showed its high expression in liver and primary hepatocytes. Based on those insights, the main goal of this study was to perform a detailed functional characterization of trout Abcg2a using insect ovary cells (Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf9) as a heterologous expression system. Membrane vesicles preparations from Sf9 cells were used for the ATPase assay determinations and basic biochemical properties of fish Abcg2a versus human ABCG2 have been compared. A series of 39 physiologically and/or environmentally relevant substances was then tested on interaction with trout Abcg2a and human ABCG2. Correlation analysis reveals highly similar pattern of activation and inhibition. Significant activation of trout Abcg2a ATPase was observed for prazosin, doxorubicine, sildenafil, furosemid, propranolol, fenofibrate and pheophorbide. Pesticides showed either a weak activation (malathione) or strong (endosulfan) to weak (chlorpyrifos, fenoxycarb, DDE) inhibition of trout Abcg2a ATPase while the highest activation was obtained for benzo(a)pyrene, curcumine and testosterone. In conclusion, data from this study offer the first characterization of fish Abcg2a, reveal potent interactors among physiologically or environmentally relevant substances and point to similarities regarding strengths and interactor preferences between human ABCG2 and fish Abcg2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roko Zaja
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovica Lončar
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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Rasmussen MR, Nielsen KL, Laursen MR, Nielsen CB, Svendsen P, Dimke H, Christensen EI, Johannsen M, Moestrup SK. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of ABCC6-Deficient Mice Discloses an Altered Metabolic Liver Profile. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4591-4600. [PMID: 27758107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the transmembrane ABCC6 transport protein cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an ectopic, metabolic mineralization disorder that affects the skin, eye, and vessels. ABCC6 is assumed to mediate efflux of one or several small molecule compounds from the liver cytosol to the circulation. Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to inspect liver cytosolic extracts from mice with targeted disruption of the Abcc6 gene. Absence of the ABCC6 protein induced an altered profile of metabolites in the liver causing accumulation of compounds as more features were upregulated than downregulated in ABCC6-deficient mice. However, no differences of the identified metabolites in liver could be detected in plasma, whereas urine reflected some of the changes. Of note, N-acetylated amino acids and pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), which is involved in acetylation reactions, were accumulated in the liver. None of the identified metabolites seems to explain mineralization in extrahepatic tissues, but the present study now shows that abrogated ABCC6 function does cause alterations in the metabolic profile of the liver in accordance with PXE being a metabolic disease originating from liver disturbance. Further studies of these changes and the further identification of yet unknown metabolites may help to clarify the liver-related pathomechanism of PXE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Søren K Moestrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital , Odense 5000, Denmark
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14
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Fletcher JI, Williams RT, Henderson MJ, Norris MD, Haber M. ABC transporters as mediators of drug resistance and contributors to cancer cell biology. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 26:1-9. [PMID: 27180306 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebekka T Williams
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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15
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Rijpma SR, van der Velden M, Bilos A, Jansen RS, Mahakena S, Russel FGM, Sauerwein RW, van de Wetering K, Koenderink JB. MRP1 mediates folate transport and antifolate sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:482-92. [PMID: 26900081 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) of Plasmodium falciparum have been associated with altered drug sensitivity. Knowledge on MRP substrate specificity is indispensible for the characterization of resistance mechanisms and identifying its physiological roles. An untargeted metabolomics approach detected decreased folate concentrations in red blood cells infected with schizont stage parasites lacking expression of MRP1. Furthermore, a tenfold decrease in sensitivity toward the folate analog methotrexate was detected for parasites lacking MRP1. PfMRP1 is involved in the export of folate from parasites into red blood cells and is therefore a relevant factor for efficient malaria treatment through the folate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna R Rijpma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Velden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bilos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunny Mahakena
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Andersen V, Svenningsen K, Knudsen LA, Hansen AK, Holmskov U, Stensballe A, Vogel U. Novel understanding of ABC transporters ABCB1/MDR/P-glycoprotein, ABCC2/MRP2, and ABCG2/BCRP in colorectal pathophysiology. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11862-11876. [PMID: 26557010 PMCID: PMC4631984 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in colonic pathophysiology as they had recently been related to colorectal cancer (CRC) development.
METHODS: Literature search was conducted on PubMed using combinations of the following terms: ABC transporters, ATP binding cassette transporter proteins, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative, colitis, Crohns disease, colorectal cancer, colitis, intestinal inflammation, intestinal carcinogenesis, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp/CD243/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), Abcb1/Mdr1a, abcc2/Mrp2, abcg2/Bcrp, knock-out mice, tight junction, membrane lipid function.
RESULTS: Recently, human studies reported that changes in the levels of ABC transporters were early events in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence leading to CRC. A link between ABCB1, high fat diet and gut microbes in relation to colitis was suggested by the animal studies. The finding that colitis was preceded by altered gut bacterial composition suggests that deletion of Abcb1 leads to fundamental changes of host-microbiota interaction. Also, high fat diet increases the frequency and severity of colitis in specific pathogen-free Abcb1 KO mice. The Abcb1 KO mice might thus serve as a model in which diet/environmental factors and microbes may be controlled and investigated in relation to intestinal inflammation. Potential molecular mechanisms include defective transport of inflammatory mediators and/or phospholipid translocation from one side to the other of the cell membrane lipid bilayer by ABC transporters affecting inflammatory response and/or function of tight junctions, phagocytosis and vesicle trafficking. Also, diet and microbes give rise to molecules which are potential substrates for the ABC transporters and which may additionally affect ABC transporter function through nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation. Another critical role of ABCB1 was suggested by the finding that ABCB1 expression identifies a subpopulation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells which were resistant to treatment with glucocorticoids. The evidence for the involvement of ABCC2 and ABCG2 in colonic pathophysiology was weak.
CONCLUSION: ABCB1, diet, and gut microbes mutually interact in colonic inflammation, a well-known risk factor for CRC. Further insight may be translated into preventive and treatment strategies.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Tumor Microenvironment
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17
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Jansen RS, Mahakena S, de Haas M, Borst P, van de Wetering K. ATP-binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 5 (ABCC5) Functions as an Efflux Transporter of Glutamate Conjugates and Analogs. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30429-40. [PMID: 26515061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous efflux transporter ABCC5 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5) is present at high levels in the blood-brain barrier, neurons, and glia, but its in vivo substrates and function are not known. Using untargeted metabolomic screens, we show that Abcc5(-/-) mice accumulate endogenous glutamate conjugates in several tissues, but brain in particular. The abundant neurotransmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate was 2.4-fold higher in Abcc5(-/-) brain. The metabolites that accumulated in Abcc5(-/-) tissues were depleted in cultured cells that overexpressed human ABCC5. In a vesicular membrane transport assay, ABCC5 also transported exogenous glutamate analogs, like the classic excitotoxic neurotoxins kainic acid, domoic acid, and NMDA; the therapeutic glutamate analog ZJ43; and, as previously shown, the anti-cancer drug methotrexate. Glutamate conjugates and analogs are of physiological relevance because they can affect the function of glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. After CO2 asphyxiation, several immediate early genes were expressed at lower levels in Abcc5(-/-) brains than in wild type brains, suggesting altered glutamate signaling. Our results show that ABCC5 is a general glutamate conjugate and analog transporter that affects the disposition of endogenous metabolites, toxins, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Jansen
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunny Mahakena
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Haas
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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High ABCC2 and low ABCG2 gene expression are early events in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119255. [PMID: 25793771 PMCID: PMC4368545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) may result from a dysfunctional interplay between diet, gut microbes and the immune system. The ABC transport proteins ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, Multidrug resistance protein 1, MDR1), ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCG2 (BCRP) are involved in transport of various compounds across the epithelial barrier. Low mRNA level of ABCB1 has previously been identified as an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis (Andersen et al., PLoS One. 2013 Aug 19;8(8):e72119). ABCC2 and ABCG2 mRNA levels were assessed in intestinal tissue from 122 CRC cases, 106 adenoma cases (12 with severe dysplasia, 94 with mild-moderate dysplasia) and from 18 controls with normal endoscopy. We found significantly higher level of ABCC2 in adenomas with mild to moderate dysplasia and carcinoma tissue compared to the levels in unaffected tissue from the same individual (P = 0.037, P = 0.037, and P<0.0001) and in carcinoma and distant unaffected tissue from CRC cases compared to the level in the healthy individuals (P = 0.0046 and P = 0.036). Furthermore, ABCG2 mRNA levels were significantly lower in adenomas and carcinomas compared to the level in unaffected tissue from the same individuals and compared to tissue from healthy individuals (P<0.0001 for all). The level of ABCB2 in adjacent normal tissue was significantly higher than in tissue from healthy individuals (P = 0.011). In conclusion, this study found that ABCC2 and ABCG2 expression levels were altered already in mild/moderate dysplasia in carcinogenesis suggesting that these ABC transporters are involved in the early steps of carcinogenesis as previously reported for ABCB1. These results suggest that dysfunctional transport across the epithelial barrier may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
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19
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Samant MD, Jackson CM, Felix CL, Jones AJ, Goodrich DW, Foster BA, Huss WJ. Multi-Drug Resistance ABC Transporter Inhibition Enhances Murine Ventral Prostate Stem/Progenitor Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1236-51. [PMID: 25567291 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR)-ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 participate in the efflux of steroid hormones, estrogens, and androgens, which regulate prostate development and differentiation. The role of MDR-ABC efflux transporters in prostate epithelial proliferation and differentiation remains unclear. We hypothesized that MDR-ABC transporters regulate prostate differentiation and epithelium regeneration. Prostate epithelial differentiation was studied using histology, sphere formation assay, and prostate regeneration induced by cycles of repeated androgen withdrawal and replacement. Embryonic deletion of Abcg2 resulted in a decreased number of luminal cells in the prostate and increased sphere formation efficiency, indicating an imbalance in the prostate epithelial differentiation pattern. Decreased luminal cell number in the Abcg2 null prostate implies reduced differentiation. Enhanced sphere formation efficiency in Abcg2 null prostate cells implies activation of the stem/progenitor cells. Prostate regeneration was associated with profound activation of the stem/progenitor cells, indicating the role of Abcg2 in maintaining stem/progenitor cell pool. Since embryonic deletion of Abcg2 may result in compensation by other ABC transporters, pharmacological inhibition of MDR-ABC efflux was performed. Pharmacological inhibition of MDR-ABC efflux enhanced prostate epithelial differentiation in sphere culture and during prostate regeneration. In conclusion, Abcg2 deletion leads to activation of the stem/progenitor cells and enhances differentiating divisions; and pharmacological inhibition of MDR-ABC efflux leads to epithelial differentiation. Our study demonstrates for the first time that MDR-ABC efflux transporter inhibition results in enhanced prostate epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha D Samant
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York
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20
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Ioannidis A, Magana M, Bologa CG, Oprea TI, Paulsen IT, Tegos GP. Defining the microbial effluxome in the content of the host-microbiome interaction. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:31. [PMID: 25745401 PMCID: PMC4333769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese Sparta, Greece ; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Magana
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese Sparta, Greece
| | - Cristian G Bologa
- Translational Informatics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Translational Informatics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University NSW, Australia
| | - George P Tegos
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie FL, USA ; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA, USA
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21
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Bircsak KM, Aleksunes LM. Interaction of Isoflavones with the BCRP/ABCG2 Drug Transporter. Curr Drug Metab 2015; 16:124-40. [PMID: 26179608 PMCID: PMC4713194 DOI: 10.2174/138920021602150713114921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the interactions between dietary isoflavones and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G2 efflux transporter, which is also named the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Expressed in a variety of organs including the liver, kidneys, intestine, and placenta, BCRP mediates the disposition and excretion of numerous endogenous chemicals and xenobiotics. Isoflavones are a class of naturallyoccurring compounds that are found at high concentrations in commonly consumed foods and dietary supplements. A number of isoflavones, including genistein and daidzein and their metabolites, interact with BCRP as substrates, inhibitors, and/or modulators of gene expression. To date, a variety of model systems have been employed to study the ability of isoflavones to serve as substrates and inhibitors of BCRP; these include whole cells, inverted plasma membrane vesicles, in situ organ perfusion, as well as in vivo rodent and sheep models. Evidence suggests that BCRP plays a role in mediating the disposition of isoflavones and in particular, their conjugated forms. Furthermore, as inhibitors, these compounds may aid in reversing multidrug resistance and sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. This review will also highlight the consequences of altered BCRP expression and/or function on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of chemicals following isoflavone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd. Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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22
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Kuzaj P, Kuhn J, Michalek RD, Karoly ED, Faust I, Dabisch-Ruthe M, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Large-scaled metabolic profiling of human dermal fibroblasts derived from pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients and healthy controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108336. [PMID: 25265166 PMCID: PMC4181624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ABC transporter ABCC6 were recently identified as cause of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive mineralization of elastic fibers. We used an untargeted metabolic approach to identify biochemical differences between human dermal fibroblasts from healthy controls and PXE patients in an attempt to find a link between ABCC6 deficiency, cellular metabolic alterations and disease pathogenesis. 358 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry covering lipids, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleotides, vitamins and cofactors, xenobiotics and energy metabolites. We found substantial differences in glycerophospholipid composition, leucine dipeptides, and polypeptides as well as alterations in pantothenate and guanine metabolism to be significantly associated with PXE pathogenesis. These findings can be linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and increased oxidative stress, which reflect characteristic hallmarks of PXE. Our study could facilitate a better understanding of biochemical pathways involved in soft tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kuzaj
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kuhn
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Ryan D. Michalek
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Karoly
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Isabel Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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23
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Miguel V, Otero JA, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. Role of ABCG2 in transport of the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its secretion into milk in Abcg2 knockout mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:943-6. [PMID: 24568887 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignans are phytoestrogens that are metabolized by the gut microbiota to enterodiol and enterolactone, the main biologically active enterolignans. Substantial interindividual variation in plasma concentration and urinary excretion of enterolignans has been reported, this being determined, at least in part, by the intake of lignan precursors, the gut microbiota, and the host's phase 2 conjugating enzyme activity. However, the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the transport and disposition of enterolactone has not been reported so far. Active transport assays using parental and Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells transduced with murine and human ABCG2 showed a significant increase in apically directed translocation of enterolactone in transduced cells, which was confirmed by using the selective ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143. In addition, enterolactone also inhibited transport of the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone as a model substrate, with inhibition percentages of almost 40% at 200 μM for human ABCG2. Furthermore, the endogenous levels in plasma and milk of enterolactone in wild-type and Abcg2((-/-)) knockout female mice were analyzed. The milk/plasma ratio decreased significantly in the Abcg2((-/-)) phenotype, as compared with the wild-type mouse group (0.4 ± 0.1 as against 6.4 ± 2.6). This paper is the first to report that enterolactone is a transported substrate and therefore most probably a competitive inhibitor of ABCG2, which suggests it has a role in the interindividual variations in the disposition of enterolactone and its secretion into milk. The inhibitory activity identified provides a solid basis for further investigation in possible food-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology, Veterinary Faculty (V.M., A.I.A., J.A.O., G.M.) and Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (J.A.O., G.M.), University of Leon, Leon, Spain; and Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Murcia, Spain (R.G.-V., F.T.-B., J.C.E.)
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24
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Bakhsheshian J, Hall MD, Robey RW, Herrmann MA, Chen JQ, Bates SE, Gottesman MM. Overlapping substrate and inhibitor specificity of human and murine ABCG2. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1805-12. [PMID: 23868912 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 (also known as breast cancer resistance protein) is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter localized to the plasma membrane where it mediates the efflux of xenobiotics, including potential therapeutics. Studies investigating Abcg2 function at the blood-brain barrier in mouse models are often compared with human ABCG2 function. It is critical to understand the nature of species differences between mouse and human ABCG2, since extrapolations are made from murine data to humans. Two independent drug-selected cell line pairs expressing human or mouse ABCG2 were compared for efflux of fluorescent substrates using flow cytometry. To this end, we developed and characterized a new mouse Abcg2-expressing subline that demonstrated efflux of known fluorescent ABCG2 substrates and increased resistance to mitoxantrone, which is reduced in the presence of the ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143. Our results indicate that the substrate specificity of human and mouse ABCG2 is very similar. We identified a new human and mouse ABCG2 substrate, a porphyrin analog, purpurin-18 (Pp-18), which is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance protein 1. The ability of inhibitors to block efflux activity of ABCG2 was assessed using Pp-18. Inhibitors also demonstrated similar effects on human and mouse ABCG2. Chrysin, benzoflavone, and cyclosporin A inhibited Pp-18 efflux in both human and mouse ABCG2. The similarity of the substrate and inhibitor specificity of human and mouse ABCG2 supports interpretation of mouse models in understanding the clinical, pharmacological, and physiologic roles of ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bakhsheshian
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J.B., M.D.H., M.M.G.), Cancer Therapeutics Branch (R.W.R., S.E.B.), Collaborative Protein Technology Resource (M.A.H., J.-Q.C.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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González-Sarrías A, Miguel V, Merino G, Lucas R, Morales JC, Tomás-Barberán F, Alvarez AI, Espín JC. The gut microbiota ellagic acid-derived metabolite urolithin A and its sulfate conjugate are substrates for the drug efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2/BCRP). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4352-4359. [PMID: 23586460 DOI: 10.1021/jf4007505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a drug efflux transporter that can affect the pharmacological and toxicological properties of many molecules. Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from ellagic acid (EA) and ellagitannins, have been acknowledged with in vivo anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive properties. This study evaluated whether urolithins (Uro-A, -B, -C, and -D) and their main phase II metabolites Uro-A sulfate, Uro-A glucuronide, and Uro-B glucuronide as well as their precursor EA were substrates for ABCG2/BCRP. Parental and Bcrp1-transduced MDCKII cells were used for active transport assays. Uro-A and, to a lesser extent, Uro-A sulfate showed a significant increase in apically directed translocation in Bcrp1-transduced cells. Bcrp1 did not show affinity for the rest of the tested compounds. Data were confirmed for murine, human, bovine, and ovine BCRP-transduced subclones as well as with the use of the selective BCRP inhibitor Ko143. The transport inhibition by Uro-A was analyzed by flow cytometry compared to Ko143 using the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone as a model substrate. Results showed that Uro-A was able to inhibit mitoxantrone transport in a dose-dependent manner. This study reports for the first time that Uro-A and its sulfate conjugate are ABCG2/BCRP substrates. The results suggest that physiologically relevant concentrations of these gut microbiota-derived metabolites could modulate ABCG2/BCRP-mediated transport processes and mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Further in vivo investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Rasmussen MR, Sommerlund M, Moestrup SK. Is classical pseudoxanthoma elasticum a consequence of hepatic 'intoxication' due to ABCC6 substrate accumulation in the liver? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:37-46. [PMID: 30731651 DOI: 10.1586/eem.12.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a serious genetic disorder with ectopic mineralization affecting the skin, the eye and the cardiovascular system. The disease is predominantly caused by mutations in the transmembrane ABC protein ABCC6, a putative small substrate transporter. Interestingly, ABCC6 seems virtually absent in the affected organs, whereas a high expression is seen in hepatocytes. This and further published experimental evidence indicate that PXE is a systemic, metabolic liver disease where circulatory changes affect the peripheral mineralization process. Owing to the well-characterized transport of organic substrates by related ABC proteins, it has been proposed that PXE is caused by impaired export of an antimineralization compound to the blood. The authors here present an alternative hypothesis that explains ectopic mineralization in PXE as a consequence of hepatic accumulation of ABCC6 substrate(s) that via gene-regulating effects leads to altered hepatic secretion and activation of antimineralization/anticalcification proteins such as fetuin-A and Gla proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Rostved Rasmussen
- a Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Sommerlund
- b Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Aarhus University Hospital, P. P. Ørumsgade 11, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- a Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- c Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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