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Fodor M, Fodor L, Bota O. The role of nanomaterials and nanostructured surfaces for improvement of biomaterial peculiarities in vascular surgery: a review. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2021.1871692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Fodor
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Surgical Clinic, Emergency District Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Fodor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Surgical Clinic, Emergency District Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olimpiu Bota
- University Center of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Abstract
With the increasing insight into molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, a promising solution involves directly delivering genes, cells, and chemicals to the infarcted myocardium or impaired endothelium. However, the limited delivery efficiency after administration fails to reach the therapeutic dose and the adverse off-target effect even causes serious safety concerns. Controlled drug release via external stimuli seems to be a promising method to overcome the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs). Microbubbles and magnetic nanoparticles responding to ultrasound and magnetic fields respectively have been developed as an important component of novel DDSs. In particular, several attempts have also been made for the design and fabrication of dual-responsive DDS. This review presents the recent advances in the ultrasound and magnetic fields responsive DDSs in cardiovascular application, followed by their current problems and future reformation.
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3
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Bi L, Wacker BK, Dichek DA. A Rabbit Model of Durable Transgene Expression in Jugular Vein to Common Carotid Artery Interposition Grafts. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30247462 DOI: 10.3791/57231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerosis. The goal of this article is to demonstrate a method for placing bilateral venous interposition grafts in a rabbit, then transducing the grafts with a gene transfer vector that achieves durable transgene expression. The method allows the investigation of the biological roles of genes and their protein products in normal vein graft homeostasis. It also allows the testing of transgenes for the activities that could prevent vein graft failure, e.g., whether the expression of a transgene prevents the neointimal growth, reduces the vascular inflammation, or reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with a high-fat diet. During an initial survival surgery, the segments of right and left external jugular vein are excised and placed bilaterally as reversed end-to-side common carotid artery interposition grafts. During a second survival surgery, performed 28 days later, each of the grafts is isolated from the circulation with vascular clips and the lumens are filled (via an arteriotomy) with a solution containing a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector. After a 20-min incubation, the vector solution is aspirated, the arteriotomy is repaired, and flow is restored. The veins are harvested at time points dictated by individual experimental protocols. The 28-day delay between the graft placement and the transduction is necessary to ensure the adaptation of the vein graft to the arterial circulation. This adaptation avoids rapid loss of transgene expression that occurs in vein grafts transduced before or immediately after grafting. The method is unique in its ability to achieve durable, stable transgene expression in grafted veins. Compared to other large animal vein graft models, rabbits have advantages of low cost and easy handling. Compared to rodent vein graft models, rabbits have larger and easier-to-manipulate blood vessels that provide abundant tissue for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Bi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Bradley K Wacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - David A Dichek
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine;
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Guisasola E, Baeza A, Vallet M. Magnetically-responsive DDS. STIMULI-RESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013536-00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic-responsive drug delivery systems have received great attention due to the possibility of building theranostic systems. The application of a non-invasive external stimuli as a magnetic field that also allows the imaging and localization of the devices and the release of therapeutic drugs means a great opportunity for the development of new treatments to prevent diseases such as cancer. This chapter will focus on smart materials based on magnetic nanoparticles that have been studied for the formulation of such delivery systems and their synergic effect in combination with drugs for potential applications in the biomedical field. In addition, the possibility of applying hyperthermia at the macro and nanoscale levels and their implications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Guisasola
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - A. Baeza
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Vallet
- Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0 28029 Madrid Spain
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5
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Rajagopal P, Duraiswamy S, Sethuraman S, Giridhara Rao J, Krishnan UM. Polymer-coated viral vectors: hybrid nanosystems for gene therapy. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3011. [PMID: 29423922 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages and critical aspects of nanodimensional polymer-coated viral vector systems potentially applicable for gene delivery are reviewed. Various viral and nonviral vectors have been explored for gene therapy. Viral gene transfer methods, although highly efficient, are limited by their immunogenicity. Nonviral vectors have a lower transfection efficiency as a result of their inability to escape from the endosome. To overcome these drawbacks, novel nanotechnology-mediated interventions that involve the coating or modification of virus using polymers have emerged as a new paradigm in gene therapy. These alterations not only modify the tropism of the virus, but also reduce their undesirable interactions with the biological system. Also, co-encapsulation of other therapeutic agents in the polymeric coating may serve to augment the treatment efficacy. The viral particles can aid endosomal escape, as well as nuclear targeting, thereby enhancing the transfection efficiency. The integration of the desirable properties of both viral and nonviral vectors has been found beneficial for gene therapy by enhancing the transduction efficiency and minimizing the immune response. However, it is essential to ensure that these attempts should not compromise on the inherent ability of viruses to target and internalize into the cells and escape the endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheppa Rajagopal
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sowmiya Duraiswamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Jayandharan Giridhara Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, India
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Neoatherosclerosis and Late Thrombosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Translational Cardiology and Comparative Medicine from Bench to Bedside. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:463-470. [PMID: 28955184 PMCID: PMC5612188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neoatherosclerosis is a form of accelerated atherosclerosis that occurs within stented segments of the coronary vessel late or very late after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation via percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This proliferation of neointima with a formation of new atheromatous plaque within stent struts lacking re-endothelialization can provoke thrombotic occlusion and lead to catastrophic acute coronary events. Knowing that coronary artery disease is the leading single cause of mortality worldwide and that there is a constant trend of increase in PCI procedures, it is reasonable to conclude that late thrombotic events and neoatherosclerosis post-PCI remain an important therapeutic challenge. For these reasons, early identification of patients at risk through the means of advanced imaging methods or preventive solutions available through novel technological solutions in DES design that target pro-inflammatory pathways and enable optimized arterial healing are central strategies in prevention and treatment of in-stent neoatherosclerosis and thrombosis. Due to this, pre-clinical studies performed on animal models are crucial building blocks that enable the objective and scientific assessment of innovative technological and therapeutic solutions before they are introduced to early stages of human clinical trials. A comparative medicine approach allows designing and executing experiments in animal models with a high degree of similarity with human coronary anatomy possibly promising the translation of encouraging findings to human clinical studies. The aim of this review is to provide contemporary insights on the pathophysiology of neoatherosclerosis and in-stent thrombosis and emergence of novel biomedical and technological solutions used to counter them.
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7
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Monfort DA, Koria P. Recombinant elastin-based nanoparticles for targeted gene therapy. Gene Ther 2017; 24:610-620. [PMID: 28681841 PMCID: PMC5658264 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among viruses, lentiviral vectors have been popular vectors for gene delivery due to their efficient mode of gene delivery. However, the non-specific delivery of genes associated with lentiviral vectors may result in undesirable side effects. Here, we propose a heterogeneous nanoparticle delivery system for targeted delivery of lentiviral particles containing a therapeutic gene. The heterogeneous nanoparticles consist of the low density lipoprotein receptor 3 (LDLR3) and the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), each fused to elastin-like-polypeptides (ELPs), LDLR3-ELP and KGF-ELP, respectively. Our results show that while homogeneous nanoparticles comprising of LDLR3-ELP alone blocked viral transduction, heterogeneous nanoparticles comprising of KGF-ELP and LDLR3-ELP enhanced viral transduction in cells expressing high levels of the KGF receptors compared to cells expressing low levels of KGF receptors. Overall, this novel design may help with the targeting of specific cells that overexpressed growth factor such as KGF receptors.
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Battig MR, Fishbein I, Levy RJ, Alferiev IS, Guerrero D, Chorny M. Optimizing endothelial cell functionalization for cell therapy of vascular proliferative disease using a direct contact co-culture system. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:954-963. [PMID: 28755158 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to thrombosis, neoatherosclerosis, and restenosis due to incomplete regrowth of the protective endothelial layer remains a critical limitation of the interventional strategies currently used clinically to relieve atherosclerotic obstruction. Rapid recovery of endothelium holds promise for both preventing the thrombotic events and reducing post-angioplasty restenosis, providing the rationale for developing cell delivery strategies for accelerating arterial reendothelialization. The successful translation of experimental cell therapies into clinically viable treatment modalities for restoring vascular endothelium critically depends on identifying strategies for enhancing the functionality of endothelial cells (EC) derived from high cardiovascular risk patients, the target group for the majority of angioplasty procedures. Enhancing EC-associated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by inducing overexpression of NO synthase (NOS) has shown promise as a way of increasing paracrine activity and restoring function of EC. In the present study, we developed a direct contact co-culture approach compatible with highly labile effectors, such as NO, and applied it for determining the effect of EC functionalization via NOS gene transfer on the growth of co-cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (A10 cell line) exhibiting the defining characteristics of neointimal cells. Bovine aortic endothelial cells magnetically transduced with inducible NOS-encoding adenovirus (Ad) formulated in zinc oleate-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNP[iNOSAd]) strongly suppressed growth of proliferating A10 and attenuated the stimulatory effect of a potent mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), whereas EC functionalization with free iNOSAd or MNP formulated with a different isoform of the enzyme, endothelial NOS, was associated with lower levels of NO synthesis and less pronounced antiproliferative activity toward co-cultured A10 cells. These results show feasibility of applying magnetically facilitated gene transfer to potentiate therapeutically relevant effects of EC for targeted cell therapy of restenosis. The direct contact co-culture methodology provides a sensitive and reliable tool with potential utility for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Battig
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ilia Fishbein
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Guerrero
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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9
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Tefft BJ, Uthamaraj S, Harburn JJ, Hlinomaz O, Lerman A, Dragomir-Daescu D, Sandhu GS. Magnetizable stent-grafts enable endothelial cell capture. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2017; 427:100-104. [PMID: 28286359 PMCID: PMC5341609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging nanotechnologies have enabled the use of magnetic forces to guide the movement of magnetically-labeled cells, drugs, and other therapeutic agents. Endothelial cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have previously been captured on the surface of magnetizable 2205 duplex stainless steel stents in a porcine coronary implantation model. Recently, we have coated these stents with electrospun polyurethane nanofibers to fabricate prototype stent-grafts. Facilitated endothelialization may help improve the healing of arteries treated with stent-grafts, reduce the risk of thrombosis and restenosis, and enable small-caliber applications. When placed in a SPION-labeled endothelial cell suspension in the presence of an external magnetic field, magnetized stent-grafts successfully captured cells to the surface regions adjacent to the stent struts. Implantation within the coronary circulation of pigs (n=13) followed immediately by SPION-labeled autologous endothelial cell delivery resulted in widely patent devices with a thin, uniform neointima and no signs of thrombosis or inflammation at 7 days. Furthermore, the magnetized stent-grafts successfully captured and retained SPION-labeled endothelial cells to select regions adjacent to stent struts and between stent struts, whereas the non-magnetized control stent-grafts did not. Early results with these prototype devices are encouraging and further refinements will be necessary in order to achieve more uniform cell capture and complete endothelialization. Once optimized, this approach may lead to more rapid and complete healing of vascular stent-grafts with a concomitant improvement in long-term device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Tefft
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN., USA
| | | | - J. Jonathan Harburn
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - Ota Hlinomaz
- Department of Cardioangiology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN., USA
| | - Dan Dragomir-Daescu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN., USA
| | - Gurpreet S. Sandhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN., USA
- Corresponding Author: phone: (507) 255-2440 fax: (507)
255-2550
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Fishbein I, Alferiev IS, Chorny M, Levy RJ. Gene Delivery from Stents for Prevention of In-Stent Restenosis. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10314517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing sophistication of vascular stent design, especially devices that combine mechanical support with local drug delivery to the vascular wall, has resulted in major progress in the management of coronary and peripheral artery disease. This progress is reflected in expanded anatomical and clinical indications for stent angioplasty, with complementary reduction in bypass surgery rates and decreased need for target-lesion revascularisation. Nevertheless, even with second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES), the most common cause of stent failure, in-stent restenosis, while <10%, generates high numbers of cases due to the large scale of stent use (there are >1 million stent angioplasty procedures yearly in the USA alone). Gene-eluting stents (GES), the next generation of stent devices now in the preclinical phase of development, have evolved over the past two decades around the concept of localised vessel wall delivery of gene vectors attached to the stent struts. GES potentially provide several important advantages over DES, such as prolonged or even permanent anti-restenotic effect, capacity to deliver dissimilar impact on smooth muscle cells and endothelium, and fine-tuning of transgene expression and pharmacological effect with systemically administered therapeutics. Furthermore, GES can be used for treating non-occlusive lesions with the aim of slowing the underlying atherosclerotic process in the vessel wall. GES research at this time is concerned with achieving effective and safe transgene overexpression in the stented arteries, optimal vector choice, and proper techniques for vector immobilisation on the stent struts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Fishbein
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivan S. Alferiev
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J. Levy
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Polyak B, Medved M, Lazareva N, Steele L, Patel T, Rai A, Rotenberg MY, Wasko K, Kohut AR, Sensenig R, Friedman G. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeting of Cell Therapy Reduces In-Stent Stenosis in Injured Arteries. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9559-9569. [PMID: 27622988 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although drug-eluting stents have dramatically reduced the recurrence of restenosis after vascular interventions, the nonselective antiproliferative drugs released from these devices significantly delay reendothelialization and vascular healing, increasing the risk of short- and long-term stent failure. Efficient repopulation of endothelial cells in the vessel wall following injury may limit complications, such as thrombosis, neoatherosclerosis, and restenosis, through reconstitution of a luminal barrier and cellular secretion of paracrine factors. We assessed the potential of magnetically mediated delivery of endothelial cells (ECs) to inhibit in-stent stenosis induced by mechanical injury in a rat carotid artery stent angioplasty model. ECs loaded with biodegradable superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were administered at the distal end of the stented artery and localized to the stent using a brief exposure to a uniform magnetic field. After two months, magnetic localization of ECs demonstrated significant protection from stenosis at the distal part of the stent in the cell therapy group compared to both the proximal part of stent in the cell therapy group and the control (stented, nontreated) group: 1.7-fold (p < 0.001) less reduction in lumen diameter as measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound, 2.3-fold (p < 0.001) less reduction in the ratios of peak systolic velocities as measured by pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound, and 2.1-fold (p < 0.001) attenuation of stenosis as determined through end point morphometric analysis. The study thus demonstrates that magnetically assisted delivery of ECs is a promising strategy for prevention of vessel lumen narrowing after stent angioplasty procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Mikhail Medved
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Nina Lazareva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Lindsay Steele
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Tirth Patel
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Ahmad Rai
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Menahem Y Rotenberg
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Kimberly Wasko
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Andrew R Kohut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Richard Sensenig
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gary Friedman
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Vosen S, Rieck S, Heidsieck A, Mykhaylyk O, Zimmermann K, Plank C, Gleich B, Pfeifer A, Fleischmann BK, Wenzel D. Improvement of vascular function by magnetic nanoparticle-assisted circumferential gene transfer into the native endothelium. J Control Release 2016; 241:164-173. [PMID: 27667178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising approach for chronic disorders that require continuous treatment such as cardiovascular disease. Overexpression of vasoprotective genes has generated encouraging results in animal models, but not in clinical trials. One major problem in humans is the delivery of sufficient amounts of genetic vectors to the endothelium which is impeded by blood flow, whereas prolonged stop-flow conditions impose the risk of ischemia. In the current study we have therefore developed a strategy for the efficient circumferential lentiviral gene transfer in the native endothelium under constant flow conditions. For that purpose we perfused vessels that were exposed to specially designed magnetic fields with complexes of lentivirus and magnetic nanoparticles thereby enabling overexpression of therapeutic genes such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This treatment enhanced NO and VEGF production in the transduced endothelium and resulted in a reduction of vascular tone and increased angiogenesis. Thus, the combination of MNPs with magnetic fields is an innovative strategy for site-specific and efficient vascular gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vosen
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University Clinic of Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Rieck
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University Clinic of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, TU München, Germany
| | - Katrin Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Clinic of Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, TU München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik (IMETUM), TU München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Clinic of Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University Clinic of Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, University Clinic of Bonn, Germany.
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13
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Yu X, Hong F, Zhang YQ. Bio-effect of nanoparticles in the cardiovascular system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2881-97. [PMID: 27301683 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs; < 100 nm) are increasingly being applied in various fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. The increase in human exposure to NPs has raised concerns regarding their health and safety profiles. The potential correlation between NP exposure and several cardiovascular (CV) events has been demonstrated. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current knowledge regarding the bio-toxic impacts of titanium oxide, silver, silica, carbon black, carbon nanotube, and zinc oxide NPs exposure on the CV system in terms of in vivo and in vitro experiments, which is not fully understood presently. Moreover, the potential toxic mechanisms of NPs in the CV system that are still being questioned are elaborately discussed, and the underlying capacity of NPs used in medicine for CV events are summarized. It will be an important instrument to extrapolate relevant data for human CV risk evaluation and management. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2881-2897, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, RM702-2303, Renai Road No. 199, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, RM702-2303, Renai Road No. 199, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kelley WJ, Safari H, Lopez-Cazares G, Eniola-Adefeso O. Vascular-targeted nanocarriers: design considerations and strategies for successful treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:909-926. [PMID: 27194461 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular-targeted nanocarriers are an attractive option for the treatment of a number of cardiovascular diseases, as they allow for more specific delivery and increased efficacy of many small molecule drugs. However, immune clearance, limited cellular uptake, and particle-cell dynamics in blood flow can hinder nanocarrier efficacy in many applications. This review aims to investigate successful strategies for the use of vascular-targeted nanocarriers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In particular, the review will highlight strategies employed for actively targeting the components of the atherosclerotic plaque, including endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets and passive targeting via endothelial permeability, as well as design specifications (such as size, shape, and density) aimed at enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to reach the vascular wall. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:909-926. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1414 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kelley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hanieh Safari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Wenzel D. Magnetic nanoparticles: novel options for vascular repair? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:869-72. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wenzel
- Institute of Physiology I, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Vosen S, Rieck S, Heidsieck A, Mykhaylyk O, Zimmermann K, Bloch W, Eberbeck D, Plank C, Gleich B, Pfeifer A, Fleischmann BK, Wenzel D. Vascular Repair by Circumferential Cell Therapy Using Magnetic Nanoparticles and Tailored Magnets. ACS NANO 2016; 10:369-376. [PMID: 26736067 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is often caused by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaque formation at predilection sites. Also surgical procedures of plaque removal cause irreversible damage to the EC layer, inducing impairment of vascular function and restenosis. In the current study we have examined a potentially curative approach by radially symmetric re-endothelialization of vessels after their mechanical denudation. For this purpose a combination of nanotechnology with gene and cell therapy was applied to site-specifically re-endothelialize and restore vascular function. We have used complexes of lentiviral vectors and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to overexpress the vasoprotective gene endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in ECs. The MNP-loaded and eNOS-overexpressing cells were magnetic, and by magnetic fields they could be positioned at the vascular wall in a radially symmetric fashion even under flow conditions. We demonstrate that the treated vessels displayed enhanced eNOS expression and activity. Moreover, isometric force measurements revealed that EC replacement with eNOS-overexpressing cells restored endothelial function after vascular injury in eNOS(-/-) mice ex and in vivo. Thus, the combination of MNP-based gene and cell therapy with custom-made magnetic fields enables circumferential re-endothelialization of vessels and improvement of vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra Heidsieck
- Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik (IMETUM), TU München , München 85748, Germany
| | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, TU München , München 81675, Germany
| | | | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne 50735, Germany
| | - Dietmar Eberbeck
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin , Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, TU München , München 81675, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik (IMETUM), TU München , München 85748, Germany
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17
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Adamo RF, Fishbein I, Zhang K, Wen J, Levy RJ, Alferiev IS, Chorny M. Magnetically enhanced cell delivery for accelerating recovery of the endothelium in injured arteries. J Control Release 2015; 222:169-75. [PMID: 26704936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Arterial injury and disruption of the endothelial layer are an inevitable consequence of interventional procedures used for treating obstructive vascular disease. The slow and often incomplete endothelium regrowth after injury is the primary cause of serious short- and long-term complications, including thrombosis, restenosis and neoatherosclerosis. Rapid endothelium restoration has the potential to prevent these sequelae, providing a rationale for developing strategies aimed at accelerating the reendothelialization process. The present studies focused on magnetically guided delivery of endothelial cells (EC) functionalized with biodegradable magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as an experimental approach for achieving rapid and stable cell homing and expansion in stented arteries. EC laden with polylactide-based MNP exhibited strong magnetic responsiveness, capacity for cryopreservation and rapid expansion, and the ability to disintegrate internalized MNP in both proliferating and contact-inhibited states. Intracellular decomposition of BODIPY558/568-labeled MNP monitored non-invasively based on assembly state-dependent changes in the emission spectrum demonstrated cell proliferation rate-dependent kinetics (average disassembly rates: 6.6±0.8% and 3.6±0.4% per day in dividing and contact-inhibited EC, respectively). With magnetic guidance using a transient exposure to a uniform 1-kOe field, stable localization and subsequent propagation of MNP-functionalized EC, markedly enhanced in comparison to non-magnetic delivery conditions, were observed in stented rat carotid arteries. In conclusion, magnetically guided delivery is a promising experimental strategy for accelerating endothelial cell repopulation of stented blood vessels after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Adamo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ilia Fishbein
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Hauser AK, Wydra RJ, Stocke NA, Anderson KW, Hilt JZ. Magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites for remote controlled therapies. J Control Release 2015; 219:76-94. [PMID: 26407670 PMCID: PMC4669063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the state-of-the-art in the application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and their composites for remote controlled therapies. Novel macro- to nano-scale systems that utilize remote controlled drug release due to actuation of MNPs by static or alternating magnetic fields and magnetic field guidance of MNPs for drug delivery applications are summarized. Recent advances in controlled energy release for thermal therapy and nanoscale energy therapy are addressed as well. Additionally, studies that utilize MNP-based thermal therapy in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation to enhance the efficacy of the conventional treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Hauser
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Robert J Wydra
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Nathanael A Stocke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kimberly W Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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19
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Development of Novel Adenoviral Vectors to Overcome Challenges Observed With HAdV-5-based Constructs. Mol Ther 2015; 24:6-16. [PMID: 26478249 PMCID: PMC4754553 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vectors based on human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5) have been extensively studied in preclinical models and clinical trials over the past two decades. However, the thorough understanding of the HAdV-5 interaction with human subjects has uncovered major concerns about its product applicability. High vector-associated toxicity and widespread preexisting immunity have been shown to significantly impede the effectiveness of HAdV-5–mediated gene transfer. It is therefore that the in-depth knowledge attained working on HAdV-5 is currently being used to develop alternative vectors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of data obtained in recent years disqualifying the HAdV-5 vector for systemic gene delivery as well as novel strategies being pursued to overcome the limitations observed with particular emphasis on the ongoing vectorization efforts to obtain vectors based on alternative serotypes.
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20
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Grześkowiak BF, Sánchez-Antequera Y, Hammerschmid E, Döblinger M, Eberbeck D, Woźniak A, Słomski R, Plank C, Mykhaylyk O. Nanomagnetic Activation as a Way to Control the Efficacy of Nucleic Acid Delivery. Pharm Res 2014; 32:103-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Howard MD, Hood ED, Greineder CF, Alferiev IS, Chorny M, Muzykantov V. Targeting to endothelial cells augments the protective effect of novel dual bioactive antioxidant/anti-inflammatory nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2262-70. [PMID: 24877560 PMCID: PMC4086738 DOI: 10.1021/mp400677y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are intertwined contributors to numerous acute vascular pathologies. A novel dual bioactive nanoparticle with antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties was developed based on the interactions of tocopherol phosphate and the manganese porphyrin SOD mimetic, MnTMPyP. The size and drug incorporation efficiency were shown to be dependent on the amount of MnTMPyP added as well as the choice of surfactant. MnTMPyP was shown to retain its SOD-like activity while in intact particles and to release in a slow and controlled manner. Conjugation of anti-PECAM antibody to the nanoparticles provided endothelial targeting and potentiated nanoparticle-mediated suppression of inflammatory activation of these cells manifested by expression of VCAM, E-selectin, and IL-8. This nanoparticle technology may find applicability with drug combinations relevant for other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Howard
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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22
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Jayakumar MKG, Bansal A, Huang K, Yao R, Li BN, Zhang Y. Near-infrared-light-based nano-platform boosts endosomal escape and controls gene knockdown in vivo. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4848-4858. [PMID: 24730360 DOI: 10.1021/nn500777n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current nanoparticle-based gene delivery techniques face two major limitations, namely, endosomal degradation and poor cytosolic release of the nanoparticles and nonspecificity of treatment. These limitations can be overcome with certain light-based techniques, such as photochemical internalization to enable endosomal escape of the delivered nanoparticles and light-controlled gene expression to overcome the nonspecific effects. However, these techniques require UV/visible light, which is either phototoxic and/or has low tissue penetration capabilities, thus preventing their use in deep tissues in a clinical setting. In an effort to overcome these barriers, we have successfully demonstrated a light-based gene delivery system that significantly boosts cytosolic gene delivery, with precise control over gene expression and the potential for use in nonsuperficial tissues. Core-shell fluorescent upconversion nanoparticles excited by highly penetrating near-infrared radiation and emitting simultaneously in the ultraviolet and visible ranges were synthesized and used as remote nanotransducers to simultaneously activate endosomal escape and gene knockdown. Gene knockdown using photomorpholinos was enhanced as much as 30% in vitro compared to the control without endosomal escape facilitation. A similar trend was seen in vivo in a murine melanoma model, demonstrating the enormous clinical potential of this system.
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23
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Singh D, McMillan JM, Liu XM, Vishwasrao HM, Kabanov AV, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Gendelman HE. Formulation design facilitates magnetic nanoparticle delivery to diseased cells and tissues. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:469-85. [PMID: 24646020 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) accumulate at disease sites with the aid of magnetic fields; biodegradable MNPs can be designed to facilitate drug delivery, influence disease diagnostics, facilitate tissue regeneration and permit protein purification. Because of their limited toxicity, MNPs are widely used in theranostics, simultaneously facilitating diagnostics and therapeutics. To realize therapeutic end points, iron oxide nanoparticle cores (5-30 nm) are encapsulated in a biocompatible polymer shell with drug cargos. Although limited, the toxic potential of MNPs parallels magnetite composition, along with shape, size and surface chemistry. Clearance is hastened by the reticuloendothelial system. To surmount translational barriers, the crystal structure, particle surface and magnetic properties of MNPs need to be optimized. With this in mind, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of advancements in MNP synthesis, functionalization and design, with an eye towards bench-to-bedside translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirender Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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24
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Real-time analysis of composite magnetic nanoparticle disassembly in vascular cells and biomimetic media. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4245-50. [PMID: 24591603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of nanoparticle (NP) formulations in the multifaceted biological environment is a key determinant of their biocompatibility and therapeutic performance. An understanding of the degradation patterns of different types of clinically used and experimental NP formulations is currently incomplete, posing an unmet need for novel analytical tools providing unbiased quantitative measurements of NP disassembly directly in the medium of interest and in conditions relevant to specific therapeutic/diagnostic applications. In the present study, this challenge was addressed with an approach enabling real-time in situ monitoring of the integrity status of NPs in cells and biomimetic media using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Disassembly of polylactide-based magnetic NPs (MNPs) was investigated in a range of model biomimetic media and in cultured vascular cells using an experimentally established quantitative correlation between particle integrity and FRET efficiency controlled through adjustments in the spectral overlap between two custom-synthesized polylactide-fluorophore (boron dipyrromethene) conjugates incorporated in MNPs. The results suggest particle disassembly governed by diffusion-reaction processes with kinetics strongly dependent on conditions promoting release of oligomeric fragments from the particle matrix. Thus, incubation in gels simulating the extracellular environment and in protein-rich serum resulted in notably lower and higher MNP decomposition rates, respectively, compared with nonviscous liquid buffers. The diffusion-reaction mechanism also is consistent with a significant cell growth-dependent acceleration of MNP processing in dividing vs. contact-inhibited vascular cells. The FRET-based analytical strategy and experimental results reported herein may facilitate the development and inform optimization of biodegradable nanocarriers for cell and drug delivery applications.
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25
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Hood ED, Chorny M, Greineder CF, S Alferiev I, Levy RJ, Muzykantov VR. Endothelial targeting of nanocarriers loaded with antioxidant enzymes for protection against vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3708-15. [PMID: 24480537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-targeted delivery of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), is a promising strategy for protecting organs and tissues from inflammation and oxidative stress. Here we describe Protective Antioxidant Carriers for Endothelial Targeting (PACkET), the first carriers capable of targeted endothelial delivery of both catalase and SOD. PACkET formed through controlled precipitation loaded ~30% enzyme and protected it from proteolytic degradation, whereas attachment of PECAM monoclonal antibodies to surface of the enzyme-loaded carriers, achieved without adversely affecting their stability and functionality, provided targeting. Isotope tracing and microscopy showed that PACkET exhibited specific endothelial binding and internalization in vitro. Endothelial targeting of PACkET was validated in vivo by specific (vs IgG-control) accumulation in the pulmonary vasculature after intravenous injection achieving 33% of injected dose at 30 min. Catalase loaded PACkET protects endothelial cells from killing by H2O2 and alleviated the pulmonary edema and leukocyte infiltration in mouse model of endotoxin-induced lung injury, whereas SOD-loaded PACkET mitigated cytokine-induced endothelial pro-inflammatory activation and endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. These studies indicate that PACkET offers a modular approach for vascular targeting of therapeutic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Hood
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Michael Chorny
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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26
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Fishbein I, Chorny M, Adamo RF, Forbes SP, Corrales RA, Alferiev IS, Levy RJ. Endovascular Gene Delivery from a Stent Platform: Gene- Eluting Stents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 26225356 PMCID: PMC4516395 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9495.1000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A synergistic impact of research in the fields of post-angioplasty restenosis, drug-eluting stents and vascular gene therapy over the past 15 years has shaped the concept of gene-eluting stents. Gene-eluting stents hold promise of overcoming some biological and technical problems inherent to drug-eluting stent technology. As the field of gene-eluting stents matures it becomes evident that all three main design modules of a gene-eluting stent: a therapeutic transgene, a vector and a delivery system are equally important for accomplishing sustained inhibition of neointimal formation in arteries treated with gene delivery stents. This review summarizes prior work on stent-based gene delivery and discusses the main optimization strategies required to move the field of gene-eluting stents to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Fishbein
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA ; The University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA ; The University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard F Adamo
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Scott P Forbes
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ricardo A Corrales
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ivan S Alferiev
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA ; The University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA ; The University of Pennsylvania, USA
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