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Wang M, Chen S, Zhong C, Liu L, Wang G, Huang X, Yang X, Yang H, Li L. The influence of simulated weightlessness on the composition and function of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism products. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:18-28. [PMID: 38670645 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of simulated weightlessness on gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and inflammatory cytokines compared to the control group. The study compared the changes in gut microbiota at the phylum and genus levels in the feces of control and weightlessness rats after 1 and 8 weeks using fecal 16S rRNA sequencing. In the weightlessness group, there was an increase in the proportion of anaerobic bacteria and biofilm-forming bacteria, and a decrease in the proportion of aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria. Further investigations explored the impact of weightlessness on bile acid metabolism products. The levels of glycine ursodeoxycholic acid, glycine chenodeoxycholic acid, glycine deoxycholic acid and glycine cholic acid levels were lower in rats undergoing weightlessness for 1 week compared to the control group.Moreover, the study examined the relationship between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism products.It was observed that, unlike the control group, there were significant positive correlations between Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, and GUDCA levels in rats after 1 week of weightlessness. Finally, ELISA results indicated significant differences in the levels of MDA, GSH, NLRP3, and SIgA inflammatory cytokines between rats undergoing weightlessness for 1 week and the control group rats. Our research confirmed that the simulated weightlessness environment significantly affects the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in rats, potentially leading to changes in inflammatory cytokines and causing intestinal tissue inflammation. Further exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism under weightless conditions will be crucial for understanding the functional changes in the intestines caused by weightlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changqing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Pathology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Heming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 9 Anxiang North Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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Leuti A, Fava M, Pellegrini N, Forte G, Fanti F, Della Valle F, De Dominicis N, Sergi M, Maccarrone M. Simulated Microgravity Affects Pro-Resolving Properties of Primary Human Monocytes. Cells 2024; 13:100. [PMID: 38201304 PMCID: PMC10778078 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Space-related stressors such as microgravity are associated with cellular and molecular alterations of the immune and inflammatory homeostasis that have been linked to the disorders that astronauts suffer from during their missions. Most of the research of the past 30 years has consistently established that innate adaptive immune cells represent a target of microgravity, which leads to their defective or dysfunctional activation, as well as to an altered ability to produce soluble mediators-e.g., cytokines/chemokines and bioactive lipids-that altogether control tissue homeostasis. Bioactive lipids include a vast array of endogenous molecules of immune origin that control the induction, intensity and outcome of the inflammatory events. However, none of the papers published so far focus on a newly characterized class of lipid mediators called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which orchestrate the "resolution of inflammation"-i.e., the active control and confinement of the inflammatory torrent mostly driven by eicosanoids. SPMs are emerging as crucial players in those processes that avoid acute inflammation to degenerate into a chronic event. Given that SPMs, along with their metabolism and signaling, are being increasingly linked to many inflammatory disorders, their study seems of the outmost importance in the research of pathological processes involved in space-related diseases, also with the perspective of developing therapeutic countermeasures. Here, we show that microgravity, simulated in the rotary cell culture system (RCCS) developed by NASA, rearranges SPM receptors both at the gene and protein level, in human monocytes but not in lymphocytes. Moreover, RCCS treatment reduces the biosynthesis of a prominent SPM like resolvin (Rv) D1. These findings strongly suggest that not only microgravity can impair the functioning of immune cells at the level of bioactive lipids directly involved in proper inflammation, but it does so in a cell-specific manner, possibly perturbing immune homeostasis with monocytes being primary targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (G.F.)
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marina Fava
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.F.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Niccolò Pellegrini
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Forte
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Federico Fanti
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.F.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Francesco Della Valle
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.F.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Noemi De Dominicis
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical and Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical and Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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3
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McDonagh F, Cormican M, Morris D, Burke L, Singh NK, Venkateswaran K, Miliotis G. Medical Astro-Microbiology: Current Role and Future Challenges. J Indian Inst Sci 2023; 103:1-26. [PMID: 37362850 PMCID: PMC10082442 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-023-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The second and third decades of the twenty-first century are marked by a flourishing of space technology which may soon realise human aspirations of a permanent multiplanetary presence. The prevention, control and management of infection with microbial pathogens is likely to play a key role in how successful human space aspirations will become. This review considers the emerging field of medical astro-microbiology. It examines the current evidence regarding the risk of infection during spaceflight via host susceptibility, alterations to the host's microbiome as well as exposure to other crew members and spacecraft's microbiomes. It also considers the relevance of the hygiene hypothesis in this regard. It then reviews the current evidence related to infection risk associated with microbial adaptability in spaceflight conditions. There is a particular focus on the International Space Station (ISS), as one of the only two crewed objects in low Earth orbit. It discusses the effects of spaceflight related stressors on viruses and the infection risks associated with latent viral reactivation and increased viral shedding during spaceflight. It then examines the effects of the same stressors on bacteria, particularly in relation to changes in virulence and drug resistance. It also considers our current understanding of fungal adaptability in spaceflight. The global public health and environmental risks associated with a possible re-introduction to Earth of invasive species are also briefly discussed. Finally, this review examines the largely unknown microbiology and infection implications of celestial body habitation with an emphasis placed on Mars. Overall, this review summarises much of our current understanding of medical astro-microbiology and identifies significant knowledge gaps. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca McDonagh
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Cormican
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Burke
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nitin Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Zhan A, Luo Y, Qin H, Lin W, Tian L. Hypomagnetic Field Exposure Affecting Gut Microbiota, Reactive Oxygen Species Levels, and Colonic Cell Proliferation in Mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2022; 43:462-475. [PMID: 36434792 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been considered one of the key factors in host health, which is influenced by many environmental factors. The geomagnetic field (GMF) represents one of the important environmental conditions for living organisms. Previous studies have shown that the elimination of GMF, the so-called hypomagnetic field (HMF), could affect the physiological functions and resistance to antibiotics of some microorganisms. However, whether long-term HMF exposure could alter the gut microbiota to some extent in mammals remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term (8- and 12-week) HMF exposure on the gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Our results clearly showed that 8-week HMF significantly affected the diversity and function of the mouse gut microbiota. Compared with the GMF group, the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids tended to decrease in the HMF group. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that HMF promoted colonic cell proliferation, concomitant with an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo finding that long-term HMF exposure could affect the mouse gut microbiota, ROS levels, and colonic cell proliferation in the colon. Moreover, the changes in gut microbiota can be restored by returning mice to the GMF environment, thus the possible harm to the microbiota caused by HMF exposure can be alleviated. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yukai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huafeng Qin
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Siddiqui R, Qaisar R, Khan NA, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Elmoselhi A. Effect of Microgravity on the Gut Microbiota Bacterial Composition in a Hindlimb Unloading Model. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111865. [PMID: 36431000 PMCID: PMC9698145 DOI: 10.3390/life12111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilised a ground-based microgravity hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model to elucidate the gut microbiota bacterial changes in mice under a simulated microgravity environment. Four-month-old, male C57/Bl6 mice were randomly divided into ground-based controls and the HU groups and kept under controlled environmental conditions. For the microgravity environment, the mice were suspended in special cages individually for 20 days. At the end of the suspension, the mice were sacrificed; gut dissections were performed, followed by a metagenomic analysis of bacterial species, which was carried out by extracting DNA and 16S rRNA analysis. The results revealed that the gut bacterial communities of mice under gravity and microgravity were different. Notably, our findings revealed differences in the bacterial community structure. Around 449 bacterial OTUs were specific to mice kept under normal gravity versus 443 bacterial OTUs under microgravity conditions. In contrast, 694 bacterial OTUs were common to both groups. When the relative abundance of taxa was analyzed, Bacteroidetes dominated the gut (64.7%) of normal mice. Conversely, mice in the microgravity environment were dominated by Firmicutes (42.7%), and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.05). The distribution of Muribaculaceae between normal mice versus microgravity mice was significantly different, at 62% and 36.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant decrease in 11 bacteria was observed in mice under simulated microgravity, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Bacteroides acidifaciens, Clostridium leptum, Methylorubrum extorquens, Comamonas testosterone, Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis, Bacteroides coprocola, Aerococcus urinaeequi, Helicobacter hepaticus, and Burkholderiales. Further studies are needed to elucidate gut bacterial metabolites of these identified bacterial species in microgravity conditions and normal environment. Notably, the influence of these metabolites on obesity, neuroprotection, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular dysfunction, longevity, inflammation, health, and disease in astronauts ought to be investigated and will be important in developing procedures against adverse effects in astronauts following space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7722
| | - Ahmad M. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Elmoselhi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Han Y, Shao D, Han C, Huang Q, Zhao W. Response of human gut microbiota under simulated microgravity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5221-5231. [PMID: 35796811 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of microgravity on human gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in vitro. The diamagnetic material magnetic levitation method was used to simulate weightless environment. The human gut microbiota was cultured under two different conditions: normal gravity (1 g), and simulated microgravity (0 g), which showed that both the richness (P = 0.04) and diversity (P = 0.0002) of human gut microbiota were significantly altered. As compared to the normal gravity, the simulated microgravity significantly reduced abundance of bacteria related to anti-inflammatory effects, such as Subdoligranulum, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Butyricicoccus, and Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136-0 group (P < 0.05), while significantly increased that of Alistipes and Eubacterium-Ventriosum-group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the Spearman's correlation analysis showed that there were more significantly correlated species (|r|≥ 0.5, P < 0.05) in normal gravity than that in the simulated microgravity. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the microgravity significantly (P < 0.05) affected the metabolism of gut microbiota, such as the metabolism of pyrimidine, fatty acids, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. These results suggested that the exposure to a microgravity environment might induce disturbances in human gut microbiota. KEY POINTS: • Using 16sRNA gene sequencing technology, it was found that magnetic levitation-simulated microgravity had varying degrees of influence on the abundance, diversity, species correlation, and KEGG pathways of human intestinal microbes. • Digital PCR can improve the detection rate of microorganisms with low abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Han
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuicui Han
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
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Tesei D, Jewczynko A, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040495. [PMID: 35454986 PMCID: PMC9031868 DOI: 10.3390/life12040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a period of time. Several of these changes occur at the microbiome level, a complex ensemble of microbial communities residing in various anatomic sites of the human body, with a pivotal role in regulating the health and behavior of the host. The microbiome is essential for day-to-day physiological activities, and alterations in microbiome composition and function have been linked to various human diseases. For these reasons, understanding the impact of spaceflight and space conditions on the microbiome of astronauts is important to assess significant health risks that can emerge during long-term missions and to develop countermeasures. Here, we review various conditions that are caused by long-term space exploration and discuss the role of the microbiome in promoting or ameliorating these conditions, as well as space-related factors that impact microbiome composition. The topics explored pertain to microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences and pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections are made between the trifecta of spaceflight, the host and the microbiome, and the significance of these interactions for successful long-term space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anna Jewczynko
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- ZIN Technologies Inc., Middleburg Heights, OH 44130, USA
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lu SY, Guo S, Chai SB, Yang JQ, Yue Y, Li H, Yan HF, Zhang T, Sun PM, Sun HW, Zhou JL, Yang JW, Li ZP, Cui Y. Proteomic analysis of the effects of simulated microgravity in human gastric mucosal cells. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 32:26-37. [PMID: 35065758 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity is an ecological factor that affects the environment of the body. In this study, quantitative isobaric labeling (tandem mass tag) method was used to study the changes in human gastric mucosal cells under simulated microgravity for the first time. Comparative proteomic analysis identified 394 (202 upregulated and 192 downregulated) and 542 (286 upregulated and 256 downregulated) proteins differentially regulated by simulated microgravity after 3 and 7 days, respectively. Then the identified proteins were subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses for further exploration. The results of the analysis showed that the ribosomes of gastric mucosal cells were significantly impacted after exposure to simulated microgravity for 3 days, and the cells appeared to be in a state of stress and inflammation. Exposure to simulated microgravity for 7 days significantly affected the mitochondria of the cells, oxidative stress became more evident, while inflammation and weakened connections were observed in the cells. The results of this study highlighted the temporal response trend of gastric mucosal cells to the stressor of microgravity at the two time points of 3 and 7 days. These findings will provide insights into the development of methods to protect the gastric mucosa during space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shao-Bin Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei-Ming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
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Sun P, Yang J, Wang B, Ma H, Zhang Y, Guo J, Chen X, Zhao J, Sun H, Yang J, Yang H, Cui Y. The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11373. [PMID: 34059794 PMCID: PMC8166921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and function of intestinal microbial communities are important for human health. However, these intestinal floras are sensitive to changes in the environment. Adverse changes to intestinal flora can affect the health of astronauts, resulting in difficulties in implementing space missions. We randomly divided mice into three groups and placed each group in either a normal environment, simulated microgravity environment or a combined effects environment, which included simulated microgravity, low pressure and noise. Fecal samples of the mice were collected for follow-up analysis based on metagenomics technology. With the influence of different space environmental factors, the species composition at the phylum and genus levels were significantly affected by the combined effects environment, especially the abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, screening was conducted to identify biomarkers that could be regarded as environmental markers. And there have also been some noticeable changes in the function of intestinal floras. Moreover, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was also found to be changed under different environmental conditions, such as bacitracin and vancomycin. The combined effects environment could significantly affect the species composition, function, and the expression of ARGs of intestinal flora of mice which may provide a theoretical basis for space medical supervision and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Wang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinhu Guo
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianwu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Heming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Mechanical force-driven TNFα endocytosis governs stem cell homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 8:44. [PMID: 33384406 PMCID: PMC7775432 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) closely interact with the immune system, and they are known to secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to stress stimuli. The biological function of MSC-derived inflammatory cytokines remains elusive. Here, we reveal that even under physiological conditions, MSCs produce and release a low level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which is unexpectedly required for preserving the self-renewal and differentiation of MSCs via autocrine/paracrine signaling. Furthermore, TNFα critically maintains MSC function in vivo during bone homeostasis. Mechanistically, we unexpectedly discovered that physiological levels of TNFα safeguard MSC homeostasis in a receptor-independent manner through mechanical force-driven endocytosis and that endocytosed TNFα binds to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 and restricts mTOR signaling. Importantly, inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin serves as an effective osteoanabolic therapeutic strategy to protect against TNFα deficiency and mechanical unloading. Collectively, these findings unravel the physiological framework of the dynamic TNFα shuttle-based mTOR equilibrium that governs MSC and bone homeostasis.
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Paul AM, Cheng-Campbell M, Blaber EA, Anand S, Bhattacharya S, Zwart SR, Crucian BE, Smith SM, Meller R, Grabham P, Beheshti A. Beyond Low-Earth Orbit: Characterizing Immune and microRNA Differentials following Simulated Deep Spaceflight Conditions in Mice. iScience 2020; 23:101747. [PMID: 33376970 PMCID: PMC7756144 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight missions can cause immune system dysfunction in astronauts with little understanding of immune outcomes in deep space. This study assessed immune responses in mice following ground-based, simulated deep spaceflight conditions, compared with data from astronauts on International Space Station missions. For ground studies, we simulated microgravity using the hindlimb unloaded mouse model alone or in combination with acute simulated galactic cosmic rays or solar particle events irradiation. Immune profiling results revealed unique immune diversity following each experimental condition, suggesting each stressor results in distinct circulating immune responses, with clear consequences for deep spaceflight. Circulating plasma microRNA sequence analysis revealed involvement in immune system dysregulation. Furthermore, a large astronaut cohort showed elevated inflammation during low-Earth orbit missions, thereby supporting our simulated ground experiments in mice. Herein, circulating immune biomarkers are defined by distinct deep space irradiation types coupled to simulated microgravity and could be targets for future space health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Paul
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA
| | - Margareth Cheng-Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Blaber
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Sulekha Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95112, USA
| | | | - Sara R. Zwart
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Meller
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Peter Grabham
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA
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12
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Kirkpatrick AW, Hamilton DR, McKee JL, MacDonald B, Pelosi P, Ball CG, Roberts D, McBeth PB, Cocolini F, Ansaloni L, Peireira B, Sugrue M, Campbell MR, Kimball EJ, Malbrain MLNG, Roberts D. Do we have the guts to go? The abdominal compartment, intra-abdominal hypertension, the human microbiome and exploration class space missions. Can J Surg 2020. [PMID: 33278908 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.019219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are destined to explore space, yet critical illness and injury may be catastrophically limiting for extraterrestrial travel. Humans are superorganisms living in symbiosis with their microbiomes, whose genetic diversity dwarfs that of humans. Symbiosis is critical and imbalances are associated with disease, occurring within hours of serious illness and injury. There are many characteristics of space flight that negatively influence the microbiome, especially deep space itself, with its increased radiation and absence of gravity. Prolonged weightlessness causes many physiologic changes that are detrimental; some resemble aging and will adversely affect the ability to tolerate critical illness or injury and subsequent treatment. Critical illness-induced intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) may induce malperfusion of both the viscera and microbiome, with potentially catastrophic effects. Evidence from animal models confirms profound IAH effects on the gut, namely ischemia and disruption of barrier function, mechanistically linking IAH to resultant organ dysfunction. Therefore, a pathologic dysbiome, space-induced immune dysfunction and a diminished cardiorespiratory reserve with exacerbated susceptibility to IAH, imply that a space-deconditioned astronaut will be vulnerable to IAH-induced gut malperfusion. This sets the stage for severe gut ischemia and massive biomediator generation in an astronaut with reduced cardiorespiratory/immunological capacity. Fortunately, experiments in weightless analogue environments suggest that IAH may be ameliorated by conformational abdominal wall changes and a resetting of thoracoabdominal mechanics. Thus, review of the interactions of physiologic changes with prolonged weightlessness and IAH is required to identify appropriate questions for planning exploration class space surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Kirkpatrick
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Douglas R Hamilton
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Jessica L McKee
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Braedon MacDonald
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Chad G Ball
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Derek Roberts
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Paul B McBeth
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Federico Cocolini
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Bruno Peireira
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Michael Sugrue
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Mark R Campbell
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Edward J Kimball
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Manu L N G Malbrain
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
| | - Derek Roberts
- From the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Departments of Medicine and Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Kirkpatrick, Hamilton, McKee); the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (MacDonald); the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy (Pelosi); Regional Trauma Services; Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Ball); the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Roberts); the Tele-Mentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group Collaborators; Regional Trauma Services; Foothills Medical Centre; Departments of Engineering, Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McBeth); the Departments of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (Cocolini); the Departments of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Ansaloni); the Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (Peireira); the Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, Letterkenny, Donegal, Ireland (Sugrue); the Paris Regional Medical Centre, Paris, Texas, United States (Campbell); the Departments of Surgery and Critical Care, Network Development and Telehealth, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, US (Kimball); the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (Malbrain)
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13
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Yang JQ, Jiang N, Li ZP, Guo S, Chen ZY, Li BB, Chai SB, Lu SY, Yan HF, Sun PM, Zhang T, Sun HW, Yang JW, Zhou JL, Yang HM, Cui Y. The effects of microgravity on the digestive system and the new insights it brings to the life sciences. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 27:74-82. [PMID: 34756233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weightlessness is a component of the complex space environment. It exerts adverse effects on the human body, and may pose unknown challenges to the implementation of space missions. The regular function of the digestive system is an important checkpoint for astronauts to conduct missions. Simulated microgravity can recreate the changes experienced by the human body in a weightless environment in space to a certain extent, providing technical support for the exploration of its mechanism and a practical method for other scientific research. METHODS AND MATERIALS In the present study, we reviewed and discussed the latest research on the effects of weightlessness or simulated microgravity on the digestive system, as well as the current challenges and future expectations for progress in medical science and further space exploration. RESULTS A series of studies have investigated the effects of weightlessness on the human digestive system. On one hand, weightlessness and the changing space environment may exert certain adverse effects on the human body. Studies based on cells or animals have demonstrated the complex effects on the human digestive system in response to weightlessness. On the other hand, a microgravity environment also facilitates the ideation of novel concepts for research in the domain of life science. CONCLUSION The effects of weightlessness on the digestive system are considerably complicated. The emergence of methods that help simulate a weightless environment provides a more convenient alternative for assessing the impact and the mechanism underlying the effect of weightlessness on the human body. In addition, the simulated microgravity environment facilitates the ideation of novel concepts for application in regenerative medicine and other fields of life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, the 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- The Center for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Zheng-Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, the 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, the 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shao-Bin Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, the 306th Hospital of Chinese PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei-Ming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, the Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - He-Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
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14
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Wang S, Wang R, Li GQ, Cho JL, Deng Y, Li Y. Myosin light chain kinase mediates intestinal barrier dysfunction following simulated microgravity based on proteomic strategy. J Proteomics 2020; 231:104001. [PMID: 33035716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity induces injury of intestinal barrier. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological change of intestinal mucosa induced by long term simulated microgravity and to explore its etiological mechanism using a proteomic approach. The well accepted tail-suspended rat model was used to simulate microgravity. The damage of rat small intestine was evaluated via histological and molecular test, and a label-free comparative proteomic strategy was used to determine the molecular mechanism. Simulated microgravity for 21 days damaged intestine barrier with decreased numbers of the goblet cells, large intercellular space, and down-regulated adhesion molecules, accompanied by increased intestinal permeability. Proteomic analysis identified 416 differentially expressed proteins and showed simulated microgravity dramatically down-regulated the adhesion molecules and deteriorated several pathways for metabolism, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Western-blot analysis confirmed that myosin regulatory light chain (MLC) 12B was significantly down-regulated, while rho-associated protein kinase, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and phosphorylated MLC were dramatically up-regulated. Taken together, these data reveal that down-regulation of adhesion molecules and MLCK dependent up-regulation MLC phosphorylation mediate intestinal barrier dysfunction during simulated microgravity injury. Our results also indicate that regulation of epithelial MLCK is a potential target for the therapeutic treatment of microgravity injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguangcun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguangcun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - George Q Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jun-Lae Cho
- Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguangcun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguangcun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
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15
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Liu H, Guo J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Gao J, Deng Y, Li Y. Investigation on Intestinal Proteins and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Simulated Microgravity Rats by a Proteomics Method. Molecules 2020; 25:E4391. [PMID: 32987831 PMCID: PMC7582489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the change of intestinal mucosa proteins, especially the alteration of intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes (IDMEs) following 14-day simulated microgravity. Morey-Holton tail-suspension analog was used to simulate microgravity. Intestinal mucosa proteins of rats were determined by label-free quantitative proteomic strategy. A total of 335 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, 190 DEPs were upregulated, and 145 DEPs were downregulated. According to bioinformatic analysis, most of DEPs exhibited hydrolase, oxidoreductase, transferase, ligase, or lyase catalytic activity. DEPs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, including metabolism of amino acid, glucose, and carbon. Moreover, 11 of DEPs were involved in exogenous drug and xenobiotics metabolism. Owing to the importance of IDMEs for the efficacy and safety of oral drugs, the expression of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), CYP2D1, CYP3A2, CYP2E1, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), and glutathione S-transferase mu 5 (GSTM5) in rat intestine mucosa was determined by Western-blot. The activity of ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and GST was evaluated. Compared with control rats, the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2D1, CYP3A2, and ADH1 in the simulated microgravity (SMG) group of rats were dramatically decreased by 33.16%, 21.93%, 48.49%, and 22.83%, respectively. GSTM5 was significantly upregulated by 53.14% and CYP2E1 expression did not show a dramatical change in SMG group rats. Moreover, 14-day SMG reduced ADH activity, while ALDH and GST activities was not altered remarkably. It could be concluded that SMG dramatically affected the expression and activity of some IDMEs, which might alter the efficacy or safety of their substrate drugs under microgravity. The present study provided some preliminary information on IDMEs under microgravity. It revealed the potential effect of SMG on intestinal metabolism, which may be helpful to understand the intestinal health of astronauts and medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, No.16 Dongzhimen Neinan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, No.109 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianyi Gao
- Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, No.109 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yongzhi Li
- Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, No.109 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
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16
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Rui Q, Dong S, Jiang W, Wang D. Response of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the intestine to microgravity stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109782. [PMID: 31614302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the short life-cycle property, Caenorhabditis elegans is a suitable animal model to evaluate the long-term effects of microgravity stress on organisms. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is evolutionarily conserved in various organisms. We here investigated the response of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to microgravity stress in nematodes. We observed the noticeable response of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to microgravity stress. In contrast, we did not detect the obvious response of non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to microgravity stress. The canonical β-catenin BAR-1 acted in the intestine to regulate the response to simulated microgravity. Moreover, in the intestine, we identified a signaling cascade of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in response to simulated microgravity, and this signaling cascade contained Frizzled receptor MIG-1, Disheveled protein DSH-2, GSK3A/GSK-3, and β-catenin transcriptional factor BAR-1. Our data suggests an important protective response of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to simulated microgravity in nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Rui
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenkang Jiang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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17
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Yin A, Luo Y, Chen W, He M, Deng JH, Zhao N, Cao L, Wang L. FAM96A Protects Mice From Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis by Preventing Microbial Dysbiosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:381. [PMID: 31803631 PMCID: PMC6876263 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 96 member A (FAM96A) is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular protein that is involved in the maturation of the Fe/S protein, iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1), and the mitochondria-related apoptosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. In this study, we used a mouse model of chemically induced colitis to investigate the physiological role of FAM96A in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. At baseline, colons from Fam96a−/− mice exhibited microbial dysbiosis, dysregulated epithelial cell turnover, an increased number of goblet cells, and disordered tight junctions with functional deficits affecting intestinal permeability. After cohousing, the differences between wild-type and Fam96a−/− colons were abrogated, suggesting that FAM96A affects colonic epithelial cells in a microbiota-dependent manner. Fam96a deficiency in mice resulted in increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Importantly, the colitogenic activity of Fam96a−/− intestinal microbiota was transferable to wild-type littermate mice via fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), leading to exacerbation of DSS-induced colitis. Taken together, our data indicate that FAM96A helps to maintain colonic homeostasis and protect against DSS-induced colitis by preventing gut microbial dysbiosis. This study used gene knockout animals to help to understand the in vivo effects of the Fam96a gene for the first time and provides new evidence regarding host–microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Yin
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Minwei He
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Hai Deng
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Center for Human Disease Genomics, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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18
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Liu H, Guo D, Kong Y, Rui Q, Wang D. Damage on functional state of intestinal barrier by microgravity stress in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109554. [PMID: 31434019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to short life cycle, nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a suitable animal model for assessing the effect of long-term simulated microgravity treatment on organisms. We here investigated the effect of simulated microgravity treatment for 24-h on development and functional state of intestinal barrier in nematodes. Simulated microgravity treatment not only caused a broadened intestinal lumen, but also enhanced intestinal permeability. Intestinal overexpression of SOD-2, a mitochondrial Mn-SOD protein, prevented the damage on functional state of intestinal barrier by simulated microgravity and induced a resistance to toxicity of simulated microgravity, suggesting the crucial role of oxidative stress in inducing the damage on functional state of intestinal barrier in simulated microgravity treated nematodes. For the molecular basis of damage on functional state of intestinal barrier, we observed significant decrease in expressions of some genes (acs-22, erm-1, and hmp-2) required for maintenance of functional state of intestinal barrier in simulated microgravity treated nematodes. Our results highlight the potential of long-term simulated microgravity treatment in inducing intestinal damage in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dongqin Guo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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19
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Liu P, Li D, Li W, Wang D. Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response to Microgravity Stress in Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16474. [PMID: 31712608 PMCID: PMC6848112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is useful for assessing biological effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity. The molecular response of organisms to simulated microgravity is still largely unclear. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) mediates a protective response against toxicity from environmental exposure in nematodes. Using HSP-6 and HSP-60 as markers of mt UPR, we observed a significant activation of mt UPR in simulated microgravity exposed nematodes. The increase in HSP-6 and HSP-60 expression mediated a protective response against toxicity of simulated microgravity. In simulated microgravity treated nematodes, mitochondria-localized ATP-binding cassette protein HAF-1 and homeodomain-containing transcriptional factor DVE-1 regulated the mt UPR activation. In the intestine, a signaling cascade of HAF-1/DVE-1-HSP-6/60 was required for control of toxicity of simulated microgravity. Therefore, our data suggested the important role of mt UPR activation against the toxicity of simulated microgravity in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidang Liu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan Li
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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20
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Jin M, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhao K. Simulated Weightlessness Perturbs the Intestinal Metabolomic Profile of Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1279. [PMID: 31680997 PMCID: PMC6803529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, disorders of intestinal homeostasis in the space environment have been extensively demonstrated. Accumulating evidence have suggested microgravity and simulated weightlessness could induce dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, which may contribute to the bowel symptoms during spaceflight. However, the specific responses of intestinal metabolome under simulated weightlessness and its relationship with the intestinal microbiome and immune characteristics remain largely unknown. In the current study, 20 adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group and the simulated weightlessness group using a hindlimb unloading model. The metabolomic profiling of cecal contents from eight rats of each group was investigated by gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry. The significantly different metabolites, biomarkers, and related pathways were identified. Multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis, demonstrated an obvious separation between the control group and the simulated weightlessness group. Significantly different metabolites, such as xylose, sinapinic acid, indolelactate, and digalacturonic acid, were identified, which participate in mainly pyrimidine metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism. Cytidine-5'-monophosphate, 4-hydroxypyridine, and phloretic acid were determined as pivotal biomarkers under simulated weightlessness. Moreover, the significantly different metabolites were remarkably correlated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and disturbance of immunological characteristics induced by simulated weightlessness. These metabolic features provide crucial candidates for therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders under weightlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Dalian Chengsan Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dalian, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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21
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Prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity diminishes dendritic cell immunogenicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13825. [PMID: 31554863 PMCID: PMC6761163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction due to microgravity remains a hurdle in the next step of human space exploration. Dendritic cells (DC) represent a critical component of immunity, given their role in the detection of invaders and the subsequent task of activating T cells to respond and eliminate the threat. Upon encounter with microbes, DC undergo a process of maturation, whereby the cells upregulate the expression of surface proteins and secrete cytokines, both required for the optimal activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In this study, DC were cultured from 2–14 days in a rotary cell culture system, which generates a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment, and then the cells were assessed for maturation status and the capacity to activate T cells. Short-term culture (<72 h) of DC in SMG resulted in an increased expression of surface proteins associated with maturation and interleukin-6 production. Subsequently, the SMG exposed DC were superior to Static control DC at activating both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as measured by interleukin-2 and interferon-γ production, respectively. However, long-term culture (4–14 d) of DC in SMG reduced the expression of maturation markers and the capacity to activate T cells as compared to Static DC controls.
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22
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Li BB, Chen ZY, Guo S, Sun HW, Cui Y. Progress in research of digestive system trauma and stress injury under microgravity environment. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1088-1094. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i17.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed the rapid develop-ment of China's manned spaceflight industry. Studies have showed that the weightlessness environment has a series of adverse effects on the human body. Due to the complexity of the structure and function of the digestive system, the impact of weightlessness on the digestive system has certain particularity. How to ensure the steady state of the digestive system during astronaut's space mission and in the training under simulated weightlessness needs to be studied urgently. This review focuses on the progress in the research of digestive system trauma, stress injury, and repair under microgravity environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The PLA 306 Teaching Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 306 Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The 306 Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Voorhies AA, Mark Ott C, Mehta S, Pierson DL, Crucian BE, Feiveson A, Oubre CM, Torralba M, Moncera K, Zhang Y, Zurek E, Lorenzi HA. Study of the impact of long-duration space missions at the International Space Station on the astronaut microbiome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9911. [PMID: 31289321 PMCID: PMC6616552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) crew members are exposed to a number of stressors that can potentially alter the composition of their microbiomes and may have a negative impact on astronauts’ health. Here we investigated the impact of long-term space exploration on the microbiome of nine astronauts that spent six to twelve months in the ISS. We present evidence showing that the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, nose and tongue change during the space mission. The composition of the intestinal microbiota became more similar across astronauts in space, mostly due to a drop in the abundance of a few bacterial taxa, some of which were also correlated with changes in the cytokine profile of crewmembers. Alterations in the skin microbiome that might contribute to the high frequency of skin rashes/hypersensitivity episodes experienced by astronauts in space were also observed. The results from this study demonstrate that the composition of the astronauts’ microbiome is altered during space travel. The impact of those changes on crew health warrants further investigation before humans embark on long-duration voyages into outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Voorhies
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - C Mark Ott
- NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manolito Torralba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin Moncera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Hernan A Lorenzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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24
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Alauzet C, Cunat L, Wack M, Lozniewski A, Busby H, Agrinier N, Cailliez-Grimal C, Frippiat JP. Hypergravity disrupts murine intestinal microbiota. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9410. [PMID: 31253829 PMCID: PMC6599200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During spaceflight, organisms are subjected to various physical stressors including modification of gravity (G) that, associated with lifestyle, could lead to impaired immunity, intestinal dysbiosis and thus potentially predispose astronauts to illness. Whether space travel affects microbiota homeostasis has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intestinal microbiota and mucosa in a ground-based murine model consisting in a 21-days confinement of mice in a centrifuge running at 2 or 3G. Results revealed an increased α-diversity and a significant change in intracaecal β-diversity observed only at 3G, with profiles characterized by a decrease of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Compared to 1G microbiota, 12.1% of the taxa were significantly impacted in 3G microbiota, most of them (78%) being enriched. This study shows a G-level-dependent disruption of intracaecal microbiota, without alteration of mucosal integrity. These first data reinforce those recently obtained with in-flight experimentations or microgravity models, and emphasize the critical need for further studies exploring the impact of spaceflight on intestinal microbiota in order to optimize long-term space travel conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentine Alauzet
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Lisiane Cunat
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Maxime Wack
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC, Epidémiologie Clinique, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Lozniewski
- Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Hélène Busby
- Département d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nelly Agrinier
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC, Epidémiologie Clinique, F-54000, Nancy, France
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25
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Shi J, Wang J, Hao J, Pang X, Huang X, Chen X, Li Y, Jin R, Ge Q. Intestinal microbiota contributes to altered glucose metabolism in simulated microgravity mouse model. FASEB J 2019; 33:10140-10151. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900238rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Weijia Zhao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Junxiu Shi
- Department of Developmental Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Cell BiologyMinistry of Public HealthKey Laboratory of Medical Cell BiologyMinistry of EducationChina Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Jiachi Wang
- Department of Developmental Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Cell BiologyMinistry of Public HealthKey Laboratory of Medical Cell BiologyMinistry of EducationChina Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPeking University People's HospitalInstitute of Hematology Beijing China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChinese Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChinese Astronaut Research and Training Center Beijing China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking University Beijing China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking University Beijing China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western MedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Beijing China
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26
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Cao D, Song J, Ling S, Niu S, Lu L, Cui Z, Li Y, Hao S, Zhong G, Qi Z, Sun W, Yuan X, Li H, Zhao D, Jin X, Liu C, Wu X, Kan G, Cao H, Kang Y, Yu S, Li Y. Hematopoietic stem cells and lineage cells undergo dynamic alterations under microgravity and recovery conditions. FASEB J 2019; 33:6904-6918. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802421rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengchao Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Shuaishuai Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Zhengzhi Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Zhihong Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Xiaorui Wu
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hongqing Cao
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
| | - Youmin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shuyang Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and ApplicationChina Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijingChina
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27
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Jin M, Zhang H, Zhao K, Xu C, Shao D, Huang Q, Shi J, Yang H. Responses of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Functions of Rats to Simulated Weightlessness. Front Physiol 2018; 9:729. [PMID: 29962963 PMCID: PMC6011188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity or weightlessness leads to various adaptive and pathophysiological alterations in digestive structures and physiology. The current study was carried out to investigate responses of intestinal mucosal barrier functions to simulated weightlessness, by using the hindlimb unloading rats model. Compared with normal controls, simulated weightlessness damaged the intestinal villi and structural integrity of tight junctions, up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax while down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, thus improved the intestinal permeability. It could also influence intestinal microbiota composition with the expansion of Bacteroidetes and decrease of Firmicutes. The predicted metagenomic analysis emphasized significant dysbiosis associated differences in genes involved in membrane transport, cofactors and vitamins metabolism, energy metabolism, and genetic information processing. Moreover, simulated weightlessness could modify the intestinal immune status characterized by the increase of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease of secretory immunoglobulin A, and activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in ileum. These results indicate the simulated weightlessness disrupts intestinal mucosal barrier functions in animal model. The data also emphasize the necessity of monitoring and regulating astronauts’ intestinal health during real space flights to prevent breakdowns in intestinal homeostasis of crewmembers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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28
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La Barbera G, Capriotti AL, Michelini E, Piovesana S, Calabretta MM, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Roda A, Laganà A. Proteomic analysis and bioluminescent reporter gene assays to investigate effects of simulated microgravity on Caco-2 cells. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 28727291 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity is one of the most important features in spaceflight. Previous evidence from in-vitro studies has shown that significant changes occur under simulated microgravity. For this reason, human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were selected as cell model of intestinal epithelial barrier and their response to altered gravity conditions was investigated, especially on the protein level. In this study, we combined label-free shotgun proteomics and bioluminescent reporter gene assays to identify key proteins and pathways involved in the response of Caco-2 cells under reference and microgravity conditions. A two-dimensional clinostat was modified with 3D-printed adaptors to hold conventional T25 culture flasks. The comparative proteome analysis led to identify 38 and 26 proteins differently regulated by simulated microgravity after 48 and 72 h, respectively. Substantial fractions of these proteins are involved in regulation, cellular and metabolic processes and localization. Bioluminescent reporter gene assays were carried out to investigate microgavity-induced alterations on the transcriptional regulation of key targets, such as NF-kB pathway and CYP27A1. While no significant difference was found in the basal transcription, a lower NF-kB basal activation in simulated microgravity conditions was reported, corroborating the hypothesis of reduced immunity in microgravity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Michelini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G.Ciamician", Università di Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Aldo Roda
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G.Ciamician", Università di Bologna - Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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29
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30
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Yang Y, Qu C, Liang S, Wang G, Han H, Chen N, Wang X, Luo Z, Zhong C, Chen Y, Li L, Wu W. Estrogen inhibits the overgrowth of Escherichia coli in the rat intestine under simulated microgravity. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2313-2320. [PMID: 29207065 PMCID: PMC5783461 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity can affect many aspects of intestinal homeostasis, leading to an increased risk of colitis. Estrogen, the most frequently affected hormone when under simulated microgravity, regulates the permeability of the colonic mucosa barrier. The associations between alterations in intestinal microbiota and increased susceptibility under microgravity have not been thoroughly elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in intestinal microbiota under simulated microgravity and to investigate the protective effect of estrogen against those changes. The hindlimb unweighting (HU) model was used to simulate microgravity in rats. Estrogen was administered via intramuscular injection. Amplicons of the V3 variable regions of bacterial 16S rDNA were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning and sequencing. Several specific bacterial groups were assayed using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. Bacterial translocation was evaluated by detecting serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein (LBP) levels. DGGE profiles generated by universal primers revealed minor, though specific, changes in bacterial communities under simulated microgravity, particularly the band matching the sequence of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The quantification of 16S RNA revealed increased numbers of Bacteroides fragilis, E. coli and Fusobacterium nucleatum; however, Bifidobacteria longum significantly decreased under microgravity. Estrogen inhibited the overgrowth of E. coli, and decreased the levels of LBS and LBP under simulated microgravity. These results demonstrated that simulated microgravity alters the intestinal microflora and may contribute to bacterial translocation in the gut mucosa. The data also suggested that further investigations evaluating the administration of estrogen to protect against microgravity-associated diseases may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Changmin Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Haolun Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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31
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Shi J, Wang Y, He J, Li P, Jin R, Wang K, Xu X, Hao J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Chen X, Wu H, Ge Q. Intestinal microbiota contributes to colonic epithelial changes in simulated microgravity mouse model. FASEB J 2017; 31:3695-3709. [PMID: 28495755 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700034r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity leads to alterations in multiple systems, but microgravity-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract and its clinical significance have not been well studied. We used the hindlimb unloading (HU) mouse model to simulate a microgravity condition and investigated the changes in intestinal microbiota and colonic epithelial cells. Compared with ground-based controls (Ctrls), HU affected fecal microbiota composition with a profile that was characterized by the expansion of Firmicutes and decrease of Bacteroidetes. The colon epithelium of HU mice showed decreased goblet cell numbers, reduced epithelial cell turnover, and decreased expression of genes that are involved in defense and inflammatory responses. As a result, increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced epithelial injury was observed in HU mice. Cohousing of Ctrl mice with HU mice resulted in HU-like epithelial changes in Ctrl mice. Transplantation of feces from Ctrl to HU mice alleviated these epithelial changes in HU mice. Results indicate that HU changes intestinal microbiota, which leads to altered colonic epithelial cell homeostasis, impaired barrier function, and increased susceptibility to colitis. We further demonstrate that alteration in gastrointestinal motility may contribute to HU-associated dysbiosis. These animal results emphasize the necessity of evaluating astronauts' intestinal homeostasis during distant space travel.-Shi, J., Wang, Y., He, J., Li, P., Jin, R., Wang, K., Xu, X., Hao, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Chen, X., Wu, H., Ge, Q. Intestinal microbiota contributes to colonic epithelial changes in simulated microgravity mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Hepin District, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongju Liu
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Hepin District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Hepin District, Shenyang, China
| | - Hounan Wu
- Peking University Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China;
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32
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Jia H, Hanate M, Aw W, Itoh H, Saito K, Kobayashi S, Hachimura S, Fukuda S, Tomita M, Hasebe Y, Kato H. Eggshell membrane powder ameliorates intestinal inflammation by facilitating the restitution of epithelial injury and alleviating microbial dysbiosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43993. [PMID: 28272447 PMCID: PMC5341015 DOI: 10.1038/srep43993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is an essential factor in the shaping of intestinal immune system development and driving inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We report the effects and microbe-host interactions underlying an intervention using fine powder of eggshell membrane (ESM) against IBD. ESM attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production and promoted the Caco-2 cell proliferation by up-regulating growth factors in vitro. In a murine model of dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis, ESM significantly suppressed the disease activity index and colon shortening. These effects were associated with significant ameliorations of gene expressions of inflammatory mediators, intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, restitution-related factors and antimicrobial peptides. Multifaceted integrated omics analyses revealed improved levels of energy metabolism-related genes, proteins and metabolites. Concomitantly, cecal metagenomic information established an essential role of ESM in improving dysbiosis characterized by increasing the diversity of bacteria and decreasing absolute numbers of pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli, as well as in the regulation of the expansion of Th17 cells by suppressing the overgrowth of segmented filamentous bacteria. Such modulations have functional effects on the host; i.e., repairing the epithelium, regulating energy requirements and eventually alleviating mucosal inflammation. These findings are first insights into ESM’s modulation of microbiota and IBD suppression, providing new perspectives on the prevention/treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Jia
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manaka Hanate
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanping Aw
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hideomi Itoh
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety and Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Hisanori Kato
- Corporate Sponsored Research Program "Food for Life," Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Pernokas J, Powers WR, Steliou K. Microbiota and Neurological Disorders: A Gut Feeling. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:137-45. [PMID: 27274912 PMCID: PMC4892191 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2016.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past century, noncommunicable diseases have surpassed infectious diseases as the principal cause of sickness and death, worldwide. Trillions of commensal microbes live in and on our body, and constitute the human microbiome. The vast majority of these microorganisms are maternally derived and live in the gut, where they perform functions essential to our health and survival, including: digesting food, activating certain drugs, producing short-chain fatty acids (which help to modulate gene expression by inhibiting the deacetylation of histone proteins), generating anti-inflammatory substances, and playing a fundamental role in the induction, training, and function of our immune system. Among the many roles the microbiome ultimately plays, it mitigates against untoward effects from our exposure to the environment by forming a biotic shield between us and the outside world. The importance of physical activity coupled with a balanced and healthy diet in the maintenance of our well-being has been recognized since antiquity. However, it is only recently that characterization of the host-microbiome intermetabolic and crosstalk pathways has come to the forefront in studying therapeutic design. As reviewed in this report, synthetic biology shows potential in developing microorganisms for correcting pathogenic dysbiosis (gut microbiota-host maladaptation), although this has yet to be proven. However, the development and use of small molecule drugs have a long and successful history in the clinic, with small molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors representing one relevant example already approved to treat cancer and other disorders. Moreover, preclinical research suggests that epigenetic treatment of neurological conditions holds significant promise. With the mouth being an extension of the digestive tract, it presents a readily accessible diagnostic site for the early detection of potential unhealthy pathogens resident in the gut. Taken together, the data outlined herein provide an encouraging roadmap toward important new medicines and companion diagnostic platforms in a wide range of therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Address correspondence to: Walter H. Moos, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Mail Code 2280, Genentech Hall S512D, Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, E-mail: , ; or Kosta Steliou, PhD, PhenoMatriX, Inc., 9 Hawthorne Place Suite 4R, Boston, MA 02114, E-mail: ,
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Iphigenia Kanara
- Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Consulate General of Greece in Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
- Address correspondence to: Walter H. Moos, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Mail Code 2280, Genentech Hall S512D, Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, E-mail: , ; or Kosta Steliou, PhD, PhenoMatriX, Inc., 9 Hawthorne Place Suite 4R, Boston, MA 02114, E-mail: ,
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