1
|
Bychkov ML, Isaev AB, Andreev-Andrievskiy AA, Petrov K, Paramonov AS, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. Aβ1-42 Accumulation Accompanies Changed Expression of Ly6/uPAR Proteins, Dysregulation of the Cholinergic System, and Degeneration of Astrocytes in the Cerebellum of Mouse Model of Early Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14852. [PMID: 37834299 PMCID: PMC10573428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of oligomeric toxic forms of β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) and dysfunction of the cholinergic system in the different brain regions. However, the exact mechanisms of AD pathogenesis and the role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the disease progression remain unclear. Here, we revealed a decreased expression of a number of the Ly6/uPAR proteins targeting nAChRs in the cerebellum of 2xTg-AD mice (model of early AD) in comparison with non-transgenic mice both at mRNA and protein levels. We showed that co-localization of one of them, - neuromodulator Lynx1, with α7-nAChR was diminished in the vicinity of cerebellar astrocytes of 2xTg-AD mice, while Aβ1-42 co-localization with this receptor present was increased. Moreover, the expression of anti-inflammatory transcription factor KLF4 regulating transcription of the Ly6/uPAR genes was decreased in the cerebellum of 2xTg-AD mice, while expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was increased. Based on these data together with observed astrocyte degeneration in the cerebellum of 2xTg-AD mice, we suggest the mechanism by which expression of the Ly6/uPAR proteins upon Aβ pathology results in dysregulation of the cholinergic system and particularly of α7-nAChR function in the cerebellum. This leads to enhanced neuroinflammation and cerebellar astrocyte degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim L. Bychkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.L.B.); (A.B.I.); (A.S.P.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Aizek B. Isaev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.L.B.); (A.B.I.); (A.S.P.); (M.P.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University «Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology», Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Arbuzov Str., 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.L.B.); (A.B.I.); (A.S.P.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.L.B.); (A.B.I.); (A.S.P.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University «Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology», Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (M.L.B.); (A.B.I.); (A.S.P.); (M.P.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University «Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology», Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Biological Department, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palumbo TB, Miwa JM. Lynx1 and the family of endogenous mammalian neurotoxin-like proteins and their roles in modulating nAChR function. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106845. [PMID: 37437646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The promise of nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target has yet to be fully realized, despite solid data supporting their involvement in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. The reasons for this are likely complex and manifold, having to do with the widespread action of the cholinergic system and the biophysical mechanism of action of nicotinic receptors leading to fast desensitization and down-regulation. Conventional drug development strategies tend to focus on receptor subtype-specific action of candidate therapeutics, although the broad agonist, nicotine, is being explored in the clinic. The potential negative effects of nicotine make the search for alternate strategies warranted. Prototoxins are a promising yet little-explored avenue of nicotinic receptor drug development. Nicotinic receptors in the brain belong to a complex of proteins, including those that bind to the extracellular face of the receptor, as well as chaperones that bind the intracellular domain, etc. Lynx prototoxins have allosteric modularity effects on receptor function and number and have been implicated in complex in vivo processes such as neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Their mechanism of action and binding specificity on sets of nAChR subtypes present intriguing possibilities for more efficacious and nuanced therapeutic targeting than nicotinic receptor subtypes alone. An allosteric drug may restrict its actions to physiologically relevant time points, which tend to be correlated with salient events which would be encoded into long-term memory storage. Rather than blanketing the brain with a steady and prolonged elevation of agonist, an allosteric nAChR compound could avoid side effects and loss of efficacy over time. This review details the potential strengths and challenges of prototoxin proteins as therapeutic targets, and some of the utility of such therapeutics based on the emerging understanding of cholinergic signaling in a growing number of complex neural processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talulla B Palumbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, B-217, Bethlehem PA, USA.
| | - Julie M Miwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, B-217, Bethlehem PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rathbun LA, Magliocco AM, Bamezai AK. Human LY6 gene family: potential tumor-associated antigens and biomarkers of prognosis in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2023; 14:426-437. [PMID: 37141412 PMCID: PMC10159366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Lymphocyte antigen-6 (LY6) gene family has recently gained interest for its possible role in tumor progression. We have carried out in silico analyses of all known LY6 gene expression and amplification in different cancers using TNMplot and cBioportal. We also have analyzed patient survival by Kaplan-Meier plotter after mining the TCGA database. We report that upregulated expression of many LY6 genes is associated with poor survival in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) cancer patients. Importantly, the expression of several LY6 genes is elevated in UCEC when compared to the expression in normal uterine tissue. For example, LY6K expression is 8.25× higher in UCEC compared to normal uterine tissue, and this high expression is associated with poor survival with a hazard ratio of 2.42 (p-value = 0.0032). Therefore, some LY6 gene products may serve as tumor-associated antigens in UCEC, biomarkers for UCEC detection, and possibly targets for directing UCEC patient therapy. Further analysis of tumor-specific expression of LY6 gene family members and LY6-triggered signaling pathways is needed to uncover the function of LY6 proteins and their ability to endow tumor survival and poor prognosis in UCEC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Rathbun
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | | | - Anil K Bamezai
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Venkatesan S, Chen T, Liu Y, Turner EE, Tripathy SJ, Lambe EK. Chrna5 and lynx prototoxins identify acetylcholine super-responder subplate neurons. iScience 2023; 26:105992. [PMID: 36798433 PMCID: PMC9926215 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention depends on cholinergic excitation of prefrontal neurons but is sensitive to perturbation of α5-containing nicotinic receptors encoded by Chrna5. However, Chrna5-expressing (Chrna5+) neurons remain enigmatic, despite their potential as a target to improve attention. Here, we generate complex transgenic mice to probe Chrna5+ neurons and their sensitivity to endogenous acetylcholine. Through opto-physiological experiments, we discover that Chrna5+ neurons contain a distinct population of acetylcholine super-responders. Leveraging single-cell transcriptomics, we discover molecular markers conferring subplate identity on this subset. We determine that Chrna5+ super-responders express a unique complement of GPI-anchored lynx prototoxin genes (Lypd1, Ly6g6e, and Lypd6b), predicting distinct nicotinic receptor regulation. To manipulate lynx regulation of endogenous nicotinic responses, we developed a pharmacological strategy guided by transcriptomic predictions. Overall, we reveal Chrna5-Cre mice as a transgenic tool to target the diversity of subplate neurons in adulthood, yielding new molecular strategies to manipulate their cholinergic activation relevant to attention disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Venkatesan
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric E. Turner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shreejoy J. Tripathy
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada,Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn K. Lambe
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orientational Preferences of GPI-Anchored Ly6/uPAR Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010011. [PMID: 36613456 PMCID: PMC9819746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly6/uPAR proteins regulate many essential functions in the nervous and immune systems and epithelium. Most of these proteins contain single β-structural LU domains with three protruding loops and are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored to a membrane. The GPI-anchor role is currently poorly studied. Here, we investigated the positional and orientational preferences of six GPI-anchored proteins in the receptor-unbound state by molecular dynamics simulations. Regardless of the linker length between the LU domain and GPI-anchor, the proteins interacted with the membrane by polypeptide parts and N-/O-glycans. Lynx1, Lynx2, Lypd6B, and Ly6H contacted the membrane by the loop regions responsible for interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, while Lypd6 and CD59 demonstrated unique orientations with accessible receptor-binding sites. Thus, GPI-anchoring does not guarantee an optimal 'pre-orientation' of the LU domain for the receptor interaction.
Collapse
|
6
|
Paramonov AS, Shulepko MA, Makhonin AM, Bychkov ML, Kulbatskii DS, Chernikov AM, Myshkin MY, Shabelnikov SV, Shenkarev ZO, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. New Three-Finger Protein from Starfish Asteria rubens Shares Structure and Pharmacology with Human Brain Neuromodulator Lynx2. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080503. [PMID: 36005506 PMCID: PMC9410279 DOI: 10.3390/md20080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-finger proteins (TFPs) are small proteins with characteristic three-finger β-structural fold stabilized by the system of conserved disulfide bonds. These proteins have been found in organisms from different taxonomic groups and perform various important regulatory functions or act as components of snake venoms. Recently, four TFPs (Lystars 1–4) with unknown function were identified in the coelomic fluid proteome of starfish A. rubens. Here we analyzed the genomes of A. rubens and A. planci starfishes and predicted additional five and six proteins containing three-finger domains, respectively. One of them, named Lystar5, is expressed in A. rubens coelomocytes and has sequence homology to the human brain neuromodulator Lynx2. The three-finger structure of Lystar5 close to the structure of Lynx2 was confirmed by NMR. Similar to Lynx2, Lystar5 negatively modulated α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in X. laevis oocytes. Incubation with Lystar5 decreased the expression of acetylcholine esterase and α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in the hippocampal neurons. In summary, for the first time we reported modulator of the cholinergic system in starfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Alexey M. Makhonin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- AI Centre, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim L. Bychkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Andrey M. Chernikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology”, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Myshkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Shabelnikov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Prospect 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Institutskiy Per. 9, 141701 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology”, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology”, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Institutskiy Per. 9, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brewitz L, Onisko BC, Schofield CJ. Combined proteomic and biochemical analyses redefine the consensus sequence requirement for epidermal growth factor-like domain hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102129. [PMID: 35700824 PMCID: PMC9293771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs) have important functions in cell-cell signaling. Both secreted and cell surface human EGFDs are subject to extensive modifications, including aspartate and asparagine residue C3-hydroxylations catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate oxygenase aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase (AspH). Although genetic studies show AspH is important in human biology, studies on its physiological roles have been limited by incomplete knowledge of its substrates. Here, we redefine the consensus sequence requirements for AspH-catalyzed EGFD hydroxylation based on combined analysis of proteomic mass spectrometric data and mass spectrometry-based assays with isolated AspH and peptide substrates. We provide cellular and biochemical evidence that the preferred site of EGFD hydroxylation is embedded within a disulfide-bridged macrocycle formed of 10 amino acid residues. This definition enabled the identification of previously unassigned hydroxylation sites in three EGFDs of human fibulins as AspH substrates. A non-EGFD containing protein, lymphocyte antigen-6/plasminogen activator urokinase receptor domain containing protein 6B (LYPD6B) was shown to be a substrate for isolated AspH, but we did not observe evidence for LYPD6B hydroxylation in cells. AspH-catalyzed hydroxylation of fibulins is of particular interest given their important roles in extracellular matrix dynamics. In conclusion, these results lead to a revision of the consensus substrate requirements for AspH and expand the range of observed and potential AspH-catalyzed hydroxylation in cells, which will enable future study of the biological roles of AspH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kulbatskii D, Shenkarev Z, Bychkov M, Loktyushov E, Shulepko M, Koshelev S, Povarov I, Popov A, Peigneur S, Chugunov A, Kozlov S, Sharonova I, Efremov R, Skrebitsky V, Tytgat J, Kirpichnikov M, Lyukmanova E. Human Three-Finger Protein Lypd6 Is a Negative Modulator of the Cholinergic System in the Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662227. [PMID: 34631692 PMCID: PMC8494132 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lypd6 is a GPI-tethered protein from the Ly-6/uPAR family expressed in the brain. Lypd6 enhances the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, although its action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been also proposed. To investigate a cholinergic activity of Lypd6, we studied a recombinant water-soluble variant of the human protein (ws-Lypd6) containing isolated “three-finger” LU-domain. Experiments at different nAChR subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes revealed the negative allosteric modulatory activity of ws-Lypd6. Ws-Lypd6 inhibited ACh-evoked currents at α3β4- and α7-nAChRs with IC50 of ∼35 and 10 μM, respectively, and the maximal amplitude of inhibition of 30–50%. EC50 of ACh at α3β4-nAChRs (∼30 μM) was not changed in the presence of 35 μM ws-Lypd6, while the maximal amplitude of ACh-evoked current was reduced by ∼20%. Ws-Lypd6 did not elicit currents through nAChRs in the absence of ACh. Application of 1 μM ws-Lypd6 significantly inhibited (up to ∼28%) choline-evoked current at α7-nAChRs in rat hippocampal slices. Similar to snake neurotoxin α-bungarotoxin, ws-Lypd6 suppressed the long-term potentiation (LTP) in mouse hippocampal slices. Colocalization of endogenous GPI-tethered Lypd6 with α3β4- and α7-nAChRs was detected in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons. Ws-Lypd6 interaction with the extracellular domain of α7-nAChR was modeled using the ensemble protein-protein docking protocol. The interaction of all three Lypd6 loops (“fingers”) with the entrance to the orthosteric ligand-binding site and the loop C of the primary receptor subunit was predicted. The results obtained allow us to consider Lypd6 as the endogenous negative modulator involved in the regulation of the cholinergic system in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Kulbatskii
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Zakhar Shenkarev
- Structural Biology Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Bychkov
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Loktyushov
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shulepko
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Koshelev
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Povarov
- Brain Research Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Popov
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nizhny Novgorod University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anton Chugunov
- Structural Biology Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,International Laboratory for Supercomputer Atomistic Modelling and Multi-Scale Analysis, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Kozlov
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Sharonova
- Brain Research Department, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Efremov
- Structural Biology Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,International Laboratory for Supercomputer Atomistic Modelling and Multi-Scale Analysis, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Kirpichnikov
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lyukmanova
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia.,Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schote AB, Schiel F, Schmitt B, Winnikes U, Frank N, Gross K, Croyé MA, Tarragon E, Bekhit A, Bobbili DR, May P, Schick C, Meyer J. Genome-wide linkage analysis of families with primary hyperhidrosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244565. [PMID: 33378362 PMCID: PMC7773265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH, OMIM %144110) is a genetically influenced condition characterised by excessive sweating. Prevalence varies between 1.0-6.1% in the general population, dependent on ethnicity. The aetiology of PFH remains unclear but an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, incomplete penetrance and variable phenotypes have been reported. In our study, nine pedigrees (50 affected, 53 non-affected individuals) were included. Clinical characterisation was performed at the German Hyperhidrosis Centre, Munich, by using physiological and psychological questionnaires. Genome-wide parametric linkage analysis with GeneHunter was performed based on the Illumina genome-wide SNP arrays. Haplotypes were constructed using easyLINKAGE and visualised via HaploPainter. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with 100x coverage in 31 selected members (24 affected, 7 non-affected) from our pedigrees was achieved by next generation sequencing. We identified four genome-wide significant loci, 1q41-1q42.3, 2p14-2p13.3, 2q21.2-2q23.3 and 15q26.3-15q26.3 for PFH. Three pedigrees map to a shared locus at 2q21.2-2q23.3, with a genome-wide significant LOD score of 3.45. The chromosomal region identified here overlaps with a locus at chromosome 2q22.1-2q31.1 reported previously. Three families support 1q41-1q42.3 (LOD = 3.69), two families share a region identical by descent at 2p14-2p13.3 (LOD = 3.15) and another two families at 15q26.3 (LOD = 3.01). Thus, our results point to considerable genetic heterogeneity. WES did not reveal any causative variants, suggesting that variants or mutations located outside the coding regions might be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of PFH. We suggest a strategy based on whole-genome or targeted next generation sequencing to identify causative genes or variants for PFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Schote
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Florian Schiel
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmitt
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Ulrike Winnikes
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Nicole Frank
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Katharina Gross
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Marie-Anne Croyé
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Ernesto Tarragon
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Adam Bekhit
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dheeraj Reddy Bobbili
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Megeno, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Bioinformatics Core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Jobst Meyer
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scholze P, Huck S. The α5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Differentially Modulates α4β2 * and α3β4 * Receptors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:607959. [PMID: 33343327 PMCID: PMC7744819 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.607959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the principal reinforcing compound in tobacco, acts in the brain by activating neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding how the α5 accessory nAChR subunit, encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, differentially modulates α4β2* and α3β4* receptors at the cellular level. Genome-wide association studies have linked a gene cluster in chromosomal region 15q25 to increased susceptibility to nicotine addiction, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Interestingly, this gene cluster contains a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human CHRNA5 gene, causing an aspartic acid (D) to asparagine (N) substitution at amino acid position 398 in the α5 nAChR subunit. Although other SNPs have been associated with tobacco smoking behavior, efforts have focused predominantly on the D398 and N398 variants in the α5 subunit. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the role that the α5 nAChR subunit—and the role of the D398 and N398 variants—plays on nAChR function at the cellular level. These insights stem primarily from a wide range of experimental models, including receptors expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes, various cell lines, and neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as endogenous receptors in genetically engineered mice and—more recently—rats. Despite providing a wealth of available data, however, these studies have yielded conflicting results, and our understanding of the modulatory role that the α5 subunit plays remains incomplete. Here, we review these reports and the various techniques used for expression and analysis in order to examine how the α5 subunit modulates key functions in α4β2* and α3β4* receptors, including receptor trafficking, sensitivity, efficacy, and desensitization. In addition, we highlight the strikingly different role that the α5 subunit plays in Ca2+ signaling between α4β2* and α3β4* receptors, and we discuss whether the N398 α5 subunit variant can partially replace the D398 variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigismund Huck
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paramonov AS, Kocharovskaya MV, Tsarev AV, Kulbatskii DS, Loktyushov EV, Shulepko MA, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN, Shenkarev ZO. Structural Diversity and Dynamics of Human Three-Finger Proteins Acting on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7280. [PMID: 33019770 PMCID: PMC7582953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly-6/uPAR or three-finger proteins (TFPs) contain a disulfide-stabilized β-structural core and three protruding loops (fingers). In mammals, TFPs have been found in epithelium and the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems. Here, using heteronuclear NMR, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) structure and backbone dynamics of the epithelial secreted protein SLURP-1 and soluble domains of GPI-anchored TFPs from the brain (Lynx2, Lypd6, Lypd6b) acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Results were compared with the data about human TFPs Lynx1 and SLURP-2 and snake α-neurotoxins WTX and NTII. Two different topologies of the β-structure were revealed: one large antiparallel β-sheet in Lypd6 and Lypd6b, and two β-sheets in other proteins. α-Helical segments were found in the loops I/III of Lynx2, Lypd6, and Lypd6b. Differences in the surface distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups indicated significant differences in a mode of TFPs/nAChR interactions. TFPs showed significant conformational plasticity: the loops were highly mobile at picosecond-nanosecond timescale, while the β-structural regions demonstrated microsecond-millisecond motions. SLURP-1 had the largest plasticity and characterized by the unordered loops II/III and cis-trans isomerization of the Tyr39-Pro40 bond. In conclusion, plasticity could be an important feature of TFPs adapting their structures for optimal interaction with the different conformational states of nAChRs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Ly/chemistry
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cloning, Molecular
- Elapid Venoms/chemistry
- Elapid Venoms/metabolism
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- GPI-Linked Proteins/chemistry
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Models, Molecular
- Neuropeptides/chemistry
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/chemistry
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Milita V. Kocharovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Tsarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Eugene V. Loktyushov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.V.K.); (A.V.T.); (D.S.K.); (E.V.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sadahiro M, Demars MP, Burman P, Yevoo P, Zimmer A, Morishita H. Activation of Somatostatin Interneurons by Nicotinic Modulator Lypd6 Enhances Plasticity and Functional Recovery in the Adult Mouse Visual Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5214-5227. [PMID: 32467358 PMCID: PMC7329312 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1373-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitation of plasticity in the adult brain impedes functional recovery later in life from brain injury or disease. This pressing clinical issue may be resolved by enhancing plasticity in the adult brain. One strategy for triggering robust plasticity in adulthood is to reproduce one of the hallmark physiological events of experience-dependent plasticity observed during the juvenile critical period: to rapidly reduce the activity of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons and disinhibit local excitatory neurons. This may be achieved through the enhancement of local inhibitory inputs, particularly those of somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons. However, to date the means for manipulating SST interneurons for enhancing cortical plasticity in the adult brain are not known. We show that SST interneuron-selective overexpression of Lypd6, an endogenous nicotinic signaling modulator, enhances ocular dominance plasticity in the adult primary visual cortex (V1). Lypd6 overexpression mediates a rapid experience-dependent increase in the visually evoked activity of SST interneurons as well as a simultaneous reduction in PV interneuron activity and disinhibition of excitatory neurons. Recapitulating this transient activation of SST interneurons using chemogenetics similarly enhanced V1 plasticity. Notably, we show that SST-selective Lypd6 overexpression restores visual acuity in amblyopic mice that underwent early long-term monocular deprivation. Our data in both male and female mice reveal selective modulation of SST interneurons and a putative downstream circuit mechanism as an effective method for enhancing experience-dependent cortical plasticity as well as functional recovery in adulthood.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The decline of cortical plasticity after closure of juvenile critical period consolidates neural circuits and behavior, but this limits functional recovery from brain diseases and dysfunctions in later life. Here we show that activation of cortical somatostatin (SST) interneurons by Lypd6, an endogenous modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, enhances experience-dependent plasticity and recovery from amblyopia in adulthood. This manipulation triggers rapid reduction of PV interneuron activity and disinhibition of excitatory neurons, which are known hallmarks of cortical plasticity during juvenile critical periods. Our study demonstrates modulation of SST interneurons by Lypd6 to achieve robust levels of cortical plasticity in the adult brain and may provide promising targets for restoring brain function in the event of brain trauma or disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Dominance, Ocular/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Visual/genetics
- Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology
- Female
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interneurons/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neuronal Plasticity/genetics
- Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositols/pharmacology
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Recovery of Function/genetics
- Somatostatin/physiology
- Vision, Monocular/genetics
- Vision, Monocular/physiology
- Visual Acuity/genetics
- Visual Cortex/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sadahiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Michael P Demars
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Poromendro Burman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Priscilla Yevoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Perniss A, Latz A, Boseva I, Papadakis T, Dames C, Meisel C, Meisel A, Scholze P, Kummer W, Krasteva-Christ G. Acute nicotine administration stimulates ciliary activity via α3β4 nAChR in the mouse trachea. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106496. [PMID: 32304995 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance, the continuous removal of mucus-trapped particles by cilia-driven directed transport of the airway lining fluid, is the primary innate defense mechanism of the airways. It is potently activated by acetylcholine (ACh) addressing muscarinic receptors with a currently less defined role of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR). We here set out to determine their contribution in driving ciliary activity in an explanted mouse trachea preparation utilizing selected agonists and antagonists and nAChR-subunit deficient mice. Nicotine (100 µM) induced an increase in ciliary beat frequency, accompanied by a sharp, but not long lasting increase in particle transport speed (PTS) on the mucosal surface showing marked desensitization within the next 30 min. Nicotine-induced PTS acceleration was sensitive to the general nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and d-tubocurarine as well as to the α3β4-nAChR antagonist α-conotoxin AulB, but not to other antagonists primarily addressing α3β2-nAChR or α4-, α7- and α9-containing nAChR. Agonists at α3β*-nAChR (epibatidine, cytisine), but not cotinine mimicked the effect. Tracheas from mice with genetic deletion of nAChR subunits α5, α7, α9, α10, α9/10, and β2 retained full PTS response to nicotine, whereas this was entirely lost in tracheas from mice lacking the β4-subunit. Collectively, our data show that nicotinic stimulation of α3β4-nAChR acutely increases PTS to the same extent as the established strong activator ATP. In view of the marked desensitization observed in the present setting, the physiological relevance of these receptors in adapting mucociliary clearance to rapidly changing endogenous or environmental stimuli remains open.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perniss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ariane Latz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivelina Boseva
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Papadakis
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Dames
- Charité Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Charité Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Charité Berlin, Departments of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Krasteva-Christ
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Present address: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Modulation of cholinergic activity through lynx prototoxins: Implications for cognition and anxiety regulation. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108071. [PMID: 32298703 PMCID: PMC7785133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
15
|
Dong C, Kern NR, Anderson KR, Zhang XF, Miwa JM, Im W. Dynamics and Interactions of GPI-Linked lynx1 Protein with/without Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Membrane Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4017-4025. [PMID: 32208709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) participate in diverse biological processes, such as mood, learning, and addiction. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked lynx1 is an allosteric modulator of nAChR function, including shifts in agonist sensitivity, reduced desensitization, and slower recovery from desensitization. This modulation is thought to be achieved by lynx1's interaction with nAChR subunits, particularly at the α4:α4 interface. In this study, we used molecular modeling and simulation to study the structure, dynamics, and interactions of lynx1 when bound to nAChRs, as well as unbound, monomeric lynx1 in membranes. Though lynx1 structures are similar in both states, its dynamics is more restricted in the bound state than in the unbound one. When bound, interactions between lynx1 and nAChR are observed to be maintained throughout the simulations. Of particular note, lynx1 demonstrates prolonged interactions with the receptor C-loop in one of the nAChR α4 subunits, a region important for agonist binding and possibly the transition between open/closed states. During interactions with lynx1, an α4 C-loop tends to be restricted in either a closed or open state, whereas the C-loop state transitions are more evident when lynx1 is unbound. Interestingly, the conformational change of the C-loop is stochastic, suggesting that lynx1 can influence nAChR (critical for its multimodal action), for instance, by shifting its agonist sensitivity and recovery from desensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Nathan R Kern
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kristin R Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Julie M Miwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu C, He L, Wei Q, Li Q, Jiang L, Zhao L, Wang C, Li J, Wei M. Bioinformatic profiling identifies a platinum-resistant-related risk signature for ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1242-1253. [PMID: 31856408 PMCID: PMC6997076 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients develop resistance to platinum‐based chemotherapy and recur. Many biomarkers related to the survival and prognosis of drug‐resistant patients have been delved by mining databases; however, the prediction effect of single‐gene biomarker is not specific and sensitive enough. The present study aimed to develop a novel prognostic gene signature of platinum‐based resistance for patients with HGSOC. The gene expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A total of 269 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with platinum resistance were identified (P < .05, fold change >1.5). Functional analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in apoptosis process, PI3K‐Akt pathway. Furthermore, we established a set of seven‐gene signature that was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in the test series. Compared with the low‐risk score group, patients with a high‐risk score suffered poorer OS (P < .001). The area under the curve (AUC) was found to be 0.710, which means the risk score had a certain accuracy on predicting OS in HGSOC (AUC > 0.7). Surprisingly, the risk score was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for HGSOC (P < .001). Subgroup analyses suggested that the risk score had a greater prognostic value for patients with grade 3‐4, stage III‐IV, venous invasion and objective response. In conclusion, we developed a seven‐gene signature relating to platinum resistance, which can predict survival for HGSOC and provide novel insights into understanding of platinum resistance mechanisms and identification of HGSOC patients with poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Linxiu He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Qian Li
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Blood Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Blood Safety Research, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miwa JM, Anderson KR, Hoffman KM. Lynx Prototoxins: Roles of Endogenous Mammalian Neurotoxin-Like Proteins in Modulating Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function to Influence Complex Biological Processes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 31114495 PMCID: PMC6502960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system modulates many biological functions, due to the widespread distribution of cholinergic neuronal terminals, and the diffuse release of its neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Several layers of regulation help to refine and control the scope of this excitatory neurotransmitter system. One such regulatory mechanism is imparted through endogenous toxin-like proteins, prototoxins, which largely control the function of nicotinic receptors of the cholinergic system. Prototoxins and neurotoxins share the distinct three finger toxin fold, highly effective as a receptor binding protein, and the former are expressed in the mammalian brain, immune system, epithelium, etc. Prototoxins and elapid snake neurotoxins appear to be related through gene duplication and divergence from a common ancestral gene. Protein modulators can provide a graded response of the cholinergic system, and within the brain, stabilize neural circuitry through direct interaction with nicotinic receptors. Understanding the roles of each prototoxin (e.g., lynx1, lynx2/lypd1, PSCA, SLURP1, SLURP2, Lypd6, lypd6b, lypdg6e, PATE-M, PATE-B, etc.), their binding specificity and unique expression profile, has the potential to uncover many fascinating cholinergic-dependent mechanisms in the brain. Each family member can provide a spatially restricted level of control over nAChR function based on its expression in the brain. Due to the difficulty in the pharmacological targeting of nicotinic receptors in the brain as a result of widespread expression patterns and similarities in receptor sequences, unique interfaces between prototoxin and nicotinic receptor could provide more specific targeting than nicotinic receptors alone. As such, this family is intriguing from a long-term therapeutic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Miwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Kristin R Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Katie M Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Weltzin MM, George AA, Lukas RJ, Whiteaker P. Distinctive single-channel properties of α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor isoforms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213143. [PMID: 30845161 PMCID: PMC6405073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are predominantly of the α4β2 subtype. Two isoforms exist, with high or low agonist sensitivity (HS-(α4β2)2β2- and LS-(α4β2)2α4-nAChR). Both isoforms exhibit similar macroscopic potency and efficacy values at low acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations, mediated by a common pair of high-affinity α4(+)/(-)β2 subunit binding interfaces. However LS-(α4β2)2α4-nAChR also respond to higher concentrations of ACh, acting at a third α4(+)/(-)α4 subunit interface. To probe isoform functional differences further, HS- and LS-α4β2-nAChR were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and single-channel responses were assessed using cell-attached patch-clamp. In the presence of a low ACh concentration, both isoforms produce low-bursting function. HS-(α4β2)2β2-nAChR exhibit a single conductance state, whereas LS-(α4β2)2α4-nAChR display two distinctive conductance states. A higher ACh concentration did not preferentially recruit either conductance state, but did result in increased LS-(α4β2)2α4-nAChR bursting and reduced closed times. Introduction of an α4(+)/(-)α4-interface loss-of-function α4W182A mutation abolished these changes, confirming this site's role in mediating LS-(α4β2)2α4-nAChR responses. Small or large amplitude openings are highly-correlated within individual LS-(α4β2)2α4-nAChR bursts, suggesting that they arise from distinct intermediate states, each of which is stabilized by α4(+)/(-)α4 site ACh binding. These findings are consistent with α4(+)/(-)α4 subunit interface occupation resulting in allosteric potentiation of agonist actions at α4(+)/(-)β2 subunit interfaces, rather than independent induction of high conductance channel openings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maegan M. Weltzin
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew A. George
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Paul Whiteaker
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao Y, Ren J, Lu W, Harlos K, Jones EY. Structure of the Wnt signaling enhancer LYPD6 and its interactions with the Wnt coreceptor LRP6. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3152-3162. [PMID: 30069874 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ly6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) (LU) domain containing 6 (LYPD6) is a Wnt signaling enhancer that promotes phosphorylation of the Wnt coreceptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). It also binds the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). We report here the 1.25 Å resolution structure of the LYPD6 extracellular LU domain and map its interaction with LRP6 by mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance. The LYPD6LU structure reveals a 'trifingered protein domain' fold with the middle fingertip bearing an 'NxI' motif, a tripeptide motif associated with LRP5/6 binding by Wnt inhibitors. Of the Ly6 protein family members, only LYPD6 has an NxI motif. Since mutations in the LYPD6 NxI motif abolish or severely reduce interaction with LRP6, our results indicate its key role in the interaction of LYPD6 with LRP6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Weixian Lu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Edith Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nissen NI, Anderson KR, Wang H, Lee HS, Garrison C, Eichelberger SA, Ackerman K, Im W, Miwa JM. Augmenting the antinociceptive effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity through lynx1 modulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199643. [PMID: 29969495 PMCID: PMC6029753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of the cholinergic system have been linked to antinociception, and therefore could be an alternative target for pain alleviation. nAChR activity has been shown to be regulated by the nicotinic modulator, lynx1, which forms stable complexes with nAChRs and has a negative allosteric action on their function. The objective in this study was to investigate the contribution of lynx1 to nicotine-mediated antinociception. Lynx1 contribution was investigated by mRNA expression analysis and electrophysiological responses to nicotine in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a part of the pain signaling pathway. In vivo antinociception was investigated in a test of nociception, the hot-plate analgesia assay with behavioral pharmacology. Lynx1/α4β2 nAChR interactions were investigated using molecular dynamics computational modeling. Nicotine evoked responses in serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in the DRN are augmented in slices lacking lynx1 (lynx1KO). The antinociceptive effect of nicotine and epibatidine is enhanced in lynx1KO mice and blocked by mecamylamine and DHβE. Computer simulations predict preferential binding affinity of lynx1 to the α:α interface that exists in the stoichiometry of the low sensitivity (α4)3(β2)2 nAChRs. Taken together, these data point to a role of lynx1 in mediating pain signaling in the DRN through preferential affinity to the low sensitivity α4β2 nAChRs. This study suggests that lynx1 is a possible alternative avenue for nociceptive modulation outside of opioid-based strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neel I. Nissen
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristin R. Anderson
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
| | - Huaixing Wang
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
| | - Hui Sun Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
| | - Carly Garrison
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Kasarah Ackerman
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Miwa
- Department of Biological Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vasilyeva NA, Loktyushov EV, Bychkov ML, Shenkarev ZO, Lyukmanova EN. Three-Finger Proteins from the Ly6/uPAR Family: Functional Diversity within One Structural Motif. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29523067 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery in higher animals of proteins from the Ly6/uPAR family, which have structural homology with snake "three-finger" neurotoxins, has generated great interest in these molecules and their role in the functioning of the organism. These proteins have been found in the nervous, immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems of mammals. There are two types of the Ly6/uPAR proteins: those associated with the cell membrane by GPI-anchor and secreted ones. For some of them (Lynx1, SLURP-1, SLURP-2, Lypd6), as well as for snake α-neurotoxins, the target of action is nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are widely represented in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in many other tissues, including epithelial cells and the immune system. However, the targets of most proteins from the Ly6/uPAR family and the mechanism of their action remain unknown. This review presents data on the structural and functional properties of the Ly6/uPAR proteins, which reveal a variety of functions within a single structural motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Vasilyeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arvaniti M, Polli FS, Kohlmeier KA, Thomsen MS, Andreasen JT. Loss of Lypd6 leads to reduced anxiety-like behaviour and enhanced responses to nicotine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:86-94. [PMID: 29195920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine consumption through smoking affects anxious states in humans. However, the precise role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) circuitry in the regulation of anxiety remains elusive. The Lynx protein Lypd6 is highly enriched in synaptic loci and has been previously identified as an endogenous inhibitor of neuronal nAChR function in vitro. Here, we investigate the effect of Lypd6 in anxiety-related behaviour and examine the molecular underpinnings of its function in the brain. We employ the marble burying (MB) and elevated zero maze (EZM) tests in Lypd6 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and find that loss of Lypd6 leads to decreased digging behaviour in the MB test and increased time spent in the open area in the EZM test. Moreover, we demonstrate that acute nicotine administration reduces digging in the MB test in both KO and WT mice and further accentuates the inherent genotype difference. Using in vitro electrophysiology in dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) neurons from Lypd6 KO mice, we show that nicotine-evoked whole-cell currents are enhanced in the absence of Lypd6. Collectively, these data are the first to indicate the involvement of Lypd6 in circuits associated with anxiety and suggest that a possible underlying neurobiological mechanism is the modulation of cholinergic responses in the DRN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arvaniti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip S Polli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; H. Lundbeck A/S, Department of Synaptic Transmission In Vitro, Valby, Denmark
| | - Jesper T Andreasen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Paramonov AS, Kulbatskii DS, Loktyushov EV, Tsarev AV, Dolgikh DA, Shenkarev ZO, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. Recombinant production and structural studies of the human Lypd6 and Lypd6b proteins. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017060127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
24
|
Selectivity of coronaridine congeners at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and inhibitory activity on mouse medial habenula. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:202-209. [PMID: 29042244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory activity of coronaridine congeners on human (h) α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) is determined by Ca2+ influx assays, whereas their effects on neurons in the ventral inferior (VI) aspect of the mouse medial habenula (MHb) are determined by patch-clamp recordings. The Ca2+ influx results clearly establish that coronaridine congeners inhibit hα3β4 AChRs with higher selectivity compared to hα4β2 and hα7 subtypes, and with the following potency sequence, for hα4β2: (±)-18-methoxycoronaridine [(±)-18-MC]>(+)-catharanthine>(±)-18-methylaminocoronaridine [(±)-18-MAC] ∼ (±)-18-hydroxycoronaridine [(±)-18-HC]; and for hα7: (+)-catharanthine>(±)-18-MC>(±)-18-HC>(±)-18-MAC. Interestingly, the inhibitory potency of (+)-catharanthine (27±4μM) and (±)-18-MC (28±6μM) on MHb (VI) neurons was lower than that observed on hα3β4 AChRs, suggesting that these compounds inhibit a variety of endogenous α3β4* AChRs. In addition, the interaction of bupropion with (-)-ibogaine sites on hα3β4 AChRs is tested by [3H]ibogaine competition binding experiments. The results indicate that bupropion binds to ibogaine sites at desensitized hα3β4 AChRs with 2-fold higher affinity than at resting receptors, suggesting that these compounds share the same binding sites. In conclusion, coronaridine congeners inhibit hα3β4 AChRs with higher selectivity compared to other AChRs, by interacting with the bupropion (luminal) site. Coronaridine congeners also inhibit α3β4*AChRs expressed in MHb (VI) neurons, supporting the notion that these receptors are important endogenous targets for their anti-addictive activities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Crespi A, Colombo SF, Gotti C. Proteins and chemical chaperones involved in neuronal nicotinic receptor expression and function: an update. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1869-1879. [PMID: 28294298 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) are a family of ACh-gated cation channels, and their homeostasis or proteostasis is essential for the correct physiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The proteostasis network regulates the folding, assembly, degradation and trafficking of nAChRs in order to ensure their efficient and functional expression at the cell surface. However, as nAChRs are multi-subunit, multi-span, integral membrane proteins, the folding and assembly is a very inefficient process, and only a small proportion of subunits can form functional pentamers. Moreover, the efficiency of assembly and trafficking varies widely depending on the nAChR subtypes and the cell type in which they are expressed. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the functional expression of nAChRs in neurons and non-neuronal cells is therefore important. The purpose of this short review is to describe more recent findings concerning the chaperone proteins and target-specific and target-nonspecific pharmacological chaperones that modulate the expression of nAChR subtypes, and the possible mechanisms that underlie the dynamic changes of cell surface nAChRs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
Collapse
|
26
|
George AA, Bloy A, Miwa JM, Lindstrom JM, Lukas RJ, Whiteaker P. Isoform-specific mechanisms of α3β4*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation by the prototoxin lynx1. FASEB J 2017; 31:1398-1420. [PMID: 28100642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600733r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates-for the first time to our knowledge-the existence and mechanisms of functional interactions between the endogenous mammalian prototoxin, lynx1, and α3- and β4-subunit-containing human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α3β4*-nAChRs). Concatenated gene constructs were used to express precisely defined α3β4*-nAChR isoforms (α3β4)2β4-, (α3β4)2α3-, (α3β4)2α5(398D)-, and (α3β4)2α5(398N)-nAChR in Xenopus oocytes. In the presence or absence of lynx1, α3β4*-nAChR agonist responses were recorded by using 2-electrode voltage clamp and single-channel electrophysiology, whereas radioimmunolabeling measured cell-surface expression. Lynx1 reduced (α3β4)2β4-nAChR function principally by lowering cell-surface expression, whereas single-channel effects were primarily responsible for reducing (α3β4)2α3-nAChR function [decreased unitary conductance (≥50%), altered burst proportions (3-fold reduction in the proportion of long bursts), and enhanced closed dwell times (3- to 6-fold increase)]. Alterations in both cell-surface expression and single-channel properties accounted for the reduction in (α3β4)2α5-nAChR function that was mediated by lynx1. No effects were observed when α3β4*-nAChRs were coexpressed with mutated lynx1 (control). Lynx1 is expressed in the habenulopeduncular tract, where α3β4*-α5*-nAChR subtypes are critical contributors to the balance between nicotine aversion and reward. This gives our findings a high likelihood of physiologic significance. The exquisite isoform selectivity of lynx1 interactions provides new insights into the mechanisms and allosteric sites [α(-)-interface containing] by which prototoxins can modulate nAChR function.-George, A. A., Bloy, A., Miwa, J. M., Lindstrom, J. M., Lukas, R. J., Whiteaker, P. Isoform-specific mechanisms of α3β4*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation by the prototoxin lynx1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A George
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA;
| | - Abigail Bloy
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Julie M Miwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon M Lindstrom
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald J Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Paul Whiteaker
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|