1
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Li JJ. Revisiting the role of mesenchymal stromal cells in cancer initiation, metastasis and immunosuppression. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:64. [PMID: 38951845 PMCID: PMC11218091 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) necessitates a thorough understanding of intricate cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role in cancer generation, progression, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Within the TME, MSCs encompass both resident and circulating counterparts that dynamically communicate and actively participate in TME immunosurveillance and response to ICB. This review aims to reevaluate various facets of MSCs, including their potential self-transformation to function as cancer-initiating cells and contributions to the creation of a conducive environment for tumor proliferation and metastasis. Additionally, we explore the immune regulatory functions of tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) with analysis of potential connections between circulating and tissue-resident MSCs. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of MSC-immune cell communication and the heterogeneous cargo of tumor-educated versus naïve MSCs may unveil a new MSC-mediated immunosuppressive pathway that can be targeted to enhance cancer control by ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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2
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Cheng MH, Chang CW, Wang J, Bupphathong S, Huang W, Lin CH. 3D-Bioprinted GelMA Scaffold with ASCs and HUVECs for Engineering Vascularized Adipose Tissue. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:406-415. [PMID: 38148527 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of tissue engineering is to reconstruct parts of injured tissues and to resolve the shortage of organ donations. However, the main concern is the limited size of engineered tissue due to insufficient oxygen and nutrition distribution in large three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs. To provide better support for cells inside the scaffolds, the vascularization of blood vessels within the scaffold could be a solution. This study compared the effects of different culturing systems using human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and coculture of ASCs and HUVECs in 3D-bioprinted gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel constructs. The in vitro results showed that the number of live cells was highest in the coculture of ASCs and HUVECs in the GelMA hydrogel after culturing for 21 days. Additionally, the tubular structure was the most abundant in the GelMA hydrogel, containing both ASCs and HUVECs. In the in vivo test, blood vessels were present in both the HUVECs and the coculture of ASCs and HUVECs hydrogels implanted in mice. However, the blood vessel density was the highest in the HUVEC and ASC coculture groups. These findings indicate that the 3D-bioprinted GelMA hydrogel coculture system could be a promising biomaterial for large tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huei Cheng
- Center of Lymphedema Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jerry Wang
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Sasinan Bupphathong
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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3
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Escudero M, Vaysse L, Eke G, Peyrou M, Villarroya F, Bonnel S, Jeanson Y, Boyer L, Vieu C, Chaput B, Yao X, Deschaseaux F, Parny M, Raymond‐Letron I, Dani C, Carrière A, Malaquin L, Casteilla L. Scalable Generation of Pre-Vascularized and Functional Human Beige Adipose Organoids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301499. [PMID: 37731092 PMCID: PMC10625054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming a global sociobiomedical burden. Beige adipocytes are emerging as key inducible actors and putative relevant therapeutic targets for improving metabolic health. However, in vitro models of human beige adipose tissue are currently lacking and hinder research into this cell type and biotherapy development. Unlike traditional bottom-up engineering approaches that aim to generate building blocks, here a scalable system is proposed to generate pre-vascularized and functional human beige adipose tissue organoids using the human stromal vascular fraction of white adipose tissue as a source of adipose and endothelial progenitors. This engineered method uses a defined biomechanical and chemical environment using tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway inhibition and specific gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) embedding parameters to promote the self-organization of spheroids in GelMA hydrogel, facilitating beige adipogenesis and vascularization. The resulting vascularized organoids display key features of native beige adipose tissue including inducible Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP1) expression, increased uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, and batokines secretion. The controlled assembly of spheroids allows to translate organoid morphogenesis to a macroscopic scale, generating vascularized centimeter-scale beige adipose micro-tissues. This approach represents a significant advancement in developing in vitro human beige adipose tissue models and facilitates broad applications ranging from basic research to biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Escudero
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Laurence Vaysse
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Gozde Eke
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Marion Peyrou
- CIBER “Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición”, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaMadrid28029Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER “Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición”, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineUniversity of BarcelonaMadrid28029Spain
| | - Sophie Bonnel
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Louisa Boyer
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- LAAS‐CNRSUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INSAToulouse31400France
| | - Benoit Chaput
- Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétiqueCentre Hospitalier Universitaire RangueilToulouse31400France
| | - Xi Yao
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurINSERM, CNRS, iBVNice06103France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | - Mélissa Parny
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
- LabHPEC, Histology and Pathology DepartmentUniversité de Toulouse, ENVTToulouse31076France
| | - Isabelle Raymond‐Letron
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
- LabHPEC, Histology and Pathology DepartmentUniversité de Toulouse, ENVTToulouse31076France
| | - Christian Dani
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Côte d'AzurINSERM, CNRS, iBVNice06103France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
| | | | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE Research CenterUniversité de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVTToulouse31100France
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Dawood HM, Kroeger A, Chavda V, Chapple ILC, Kebschull M. Under pressure-mechanisms and risk factors for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:612-626. [PMID: 37366151 PMCID: PMC10505745 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of orthodontic forces causes root resorption of variable severity with potentially severe clinical ramifications. OBJECTIVE To systematically review reports on the pathophysiological mechanisms of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and the associated risk factors based on in vitro, experimental, and in vivo studies. SEARCH METHODS We undertook an electronic search of four databases and a separate hand-search. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies reporting on the effect of orthodontic forces with/without the addition of potential risk factors on OIIRR, including (1) gene expression in in-vitro studies, the incidence root resorption in (2) animal studies, and (3) human studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Potential hits underwent a two-step selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and systematic appraisal performed by duplicate examiners. RESULTS One hundred and eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies varied considerably in methodology, reporting of results, and variable risk of bias judgements.In summary, the variable evidence identified supports the notion that the application of orthodontic forces leads to (1) characteristic alterations of molecular expression profiles in vitro, (2) an increased rate of OIIRR in animal models, as well as (3) in human studies. Importantly, the additional presence of risk factors such as malocclusion, previous trauma, and medications like corticosteroids increased the severity of OIIRR, whilst other factors decreased its severity, including oral contraceptives, baicalin, and high caffeine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the systematically reviewed evidence, OIIRR seems to be an inevitable consequence of the application of orthodontic forces-with different risk factors modifying its severity. Our review has identified several molecular mechanisms that can help explain this link between orthodontic forces and OIIRR. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the available eligible literature was in part significantly confounded by bias and was characterized by substantial methodological heterogeneity, suggesting that the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021243431).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Dawood
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annika Kroeger
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vinay Chavda
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Moritz Kebschull
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Bertani G, Di Tinco R, Bertoni L, Orlandi G, Pisciotta A, Rosa R, Rigamonti L, Signore M, Bertacchini J, Sena P, De Biasi S, Villa E, Carnevale G. Flow-dependent shear stress affects the biological properties of pericyte-like cells isolated from human dental pulp. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 36805780 PMCID: PMC9938980 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dental pulp stem cells represent a mesenchymal stem cell niche localized in the perivascular area of dental pulp and are characterized by low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties. Pericytes, mural cells surrounding the endothelium of small vessels, regulate numerous functions including vessel growth, stabilization and permeability. It is well established that pericytes have a tight cross talk with endothelial cells in neoangiogenesis and vessel stabilization, which are regulated by different factors, i.e., microenvironment and flow-dependent shear stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pulsatile unidirectional flow in the presence or not of an inflammatory microenvironment on the biological properties of pericyte-like cells isolated from human dental pulp (hDPSCs). METHODS Human DPSCs were cultured under both static and dynamic conditions with or without pre-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Pulsatile unidirectional flow shear stress was generated by using a specific peristaltic pump. The angiogenic potential and inflammatory properties of hDPSCs were evaluated through reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPA), confocal immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. RESULTS Our data showed that hDPSCs expressed the typical endothelial markers, which were up-regulated after endothelial induction, and were able to form tube-like structures. RPPA analyses revealed that these properties were modulated when a pulsatile unidirectional flow shear stress was applied to hDPSCs. Stem cells also revealed a downregulation of the immune-modulatory molecule PD-L1, in parallel with an up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory molecule NF-kB. Immune-modulatory properties of hDPSCs were also reduced after culture under flow-dependent shear stress and exposure to an inflammatory microenvironment. This evidence was strengthened by the detection of up-regulated levels of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the application of a pulsatile unidirectional flow shear stress induced a modulation of immunomodulatory/inflammatory properties of dental pulp pericyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bertani
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosa
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Engineering Sciences and Methods, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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6
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Dabravolski SA, Markin AM, Andreeva ER, Eremin II, Orekhov AN, Melnichenko AA. Emerging role of pericytes in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang L, Han Y, Chen Q, Dissanayaka WL. Sema4D-plexin-B1 signaling in recruiting dental stem cells for vascular stabilization on a microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4632-4644. [PMID: 36331411 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of mural cells is critical for stabilization of nascent vessels. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are considered to have mural cell-like properties. However, the signaling mechanisms that regulate the cross-talk between endothelial cells and SHED in recruiting them as mural cells is much less well understood. Herein, using a 3D biomimetic microfluidic device, for the first time, we unraveled the role of semaphorin 4D (Sema4D)-plexin-B1 signaling in the recruitment of SHED as mural cells during angiogenic sprouting and vasculature formation by endothelial cells (ECs) in a 3D fibrin matrix. The specific compartmentalized design of the microfluidic chip facilitated recreation of the multi-step dynamic process of angiogenesis in a time and space dependent manner. Enabled by the chip design, different morphogenic steps of angiogenesis including endothelial proliferation, migration & invasion, vascular sprout formation and recruitment of mural cells as well as functional aspects including perfusion and permeability were examined under various pharmacological and genetic manipulations. The results showed that Sema4D facilitates the interaction between endothelial cells and SHED and promotes the recruitment of SHED as mural cells in vascular stabilization. Our results further demonstrated that Sema4D exerts these effects by acting on endothelial-plexin-B1 by inducing expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, which is a major mural cell recruitment factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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8
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McCloskey MC, Zhang VZ, Ahmad SD, Walker S, Romanick SS, Awad HA, McGrath JL. Sourcing cells for in vitro models of human vascular barriers of inflammation. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:979768. [PMID: 36483299 PMCID: PMC9724237 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.979768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system plays a critical role in the progression and resolution of inflammation. The contributions of the vascular endothelium to these processes, however, vary with tissue and disease state. Recently, tissue chip models have emerged as promising tools to understand human disease and for the development of personalized medicine approaches. Inclusion of a vascular component within these platforms is critical for properly evaluating most diseases, but many models to date use "generic" endothelial cells, which can preclude the identification of biomedically meaningful pathways and mechanisms. As the knowledge of vascular heterogeneity and immune cell trafficking throughout the body advances, tissue chip models should also advance to incorporate tissue-specific cells where possible. Here, we discuss the known heterogeneity of leukocyte trafficking in vascular beds of some commonly modeled tissues. We comment on the availability of different tissue-specific cell sources for endothelial cells and pericytes, with a focus on stem cell sources for the full realization of personalized medicine. We discuss sources available for the immune cells needed to model inflammatory processes and the findings of tissue chip models that have used the cells to studying transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Victor Z. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - S. Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Samuel Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Samantha S. Romanick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hani A. Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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9
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Yan L, Moriarty RA, Stroka KM. Recent progress and new challenges in modeling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier. Theranostics 2021; 11:10148-10170. [PMID: 34815809 PMCID: PMC8581424 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable unit that serves to vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) while tightly regulating the movement of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB precisely controls brain homeostasis and protects the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens. The BBB is coordinated by a tight monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells, which is subsequently supported by mural cells, astrocytes, and surrounding neuronal cells that regulate the barrier function with a series of specialized properties. Dysfunction of barrier properties is an important pathological feature in the progression of various neurological diseases. In vitro BBB models recapitulating the physiological and diseased states are important tools to understand the pathological mechanism and to serve as a platform to screen potential drugs. Recent advances in this field have stemmed from the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Various cell types of the BBB such as brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), pericytes, and astrocytes have been derived from PSCs and synergistically incorporated to model the complex BBB structure in vitro. In this review, we summarize the most recent protocols and techniques for the differentiation of major cell types of the BBB. We also discuss the progress of BBB modeling by using PSC-derived cells and perspectives on how to reproduce more natural BBBs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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10
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Nguyen HM, Guz-Montgomery K, Lowe DB, Saha D. Pathogenetic Features and Current Management of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040856. [PMID: 33670551 PMCID: PMC7922739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor with a devastatingly poor prognosis. The disease does not discriminate, affecting adults and children of both sexes, and has an average overall survival of 12-15 months, despite advances in diagnosis and rigorous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. In addition, most survivors will eventually experience tumor recurrence that only imparts survival of a few months. GBM is highly heterogenous, invasive, vascularized, and almost always inaccessible for treatment. Based on all these outstanding obstacles, there have been tremendous efforts to develop alternative treatment options that allow for more efficient targeting of the tumor including small molecule drugs and immunotherapies. A number of other strategies in development include therapies based on nanoparticles, light, extracellular vesicles, and micro-RNA, and vessel co-option. Advances in these potential approaches shed a promising outlook on the future of GBM treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of adult GBM's pathogenetic features that promote treatment resistance. We also outline novel and promising targeted agents currently under development for GBM patients during the last few years with their current clinical status.
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11
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Shi W, Xin Q, Yuan R, Yuan Y, Cong W, Chen K. Neovascularization: The Main Mechanism of MSCs in Ischemic Heart Disease Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:633300. [PMID: 33575274 PMCID: PMC7870695 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.633300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation after myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown to effectively limit the infarct area in numerous clinical and preclinical studies. However, the primary mechanism associated with this activity in MSC transplantation therapy remains unclear. Blood supply is fundamental for the survival of myocardial tissue, and the formation of an efficient vascular network is a prerequisite for blood flow. The paracrine function of MSCs, which is throughout the neovascularization process, including MSC mobilization, migration, homing, adhesion and retention, regulates angiogenesis and vasculogenesis through existing endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Additionally, MSCs have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and can be mobilized and migrate to ischemic tissue to differentiate into ECs, pericytes and smooth muscle cells in some degree, which are necessary components of blood vessels. These characteristics of MSCs support the view that these cells improve ischemic myocardium through angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. In this review, the results of recent clinical and preclinical studies are discussed to illustrate the processes and mechanisms of neovascularization in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
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Elshaer SL, Park HS, Pearson L, Hill WD, Longo FM, El-Remessy AB. Modulation of p75 NTR on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Their Vascular Protection in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E829. [PMID: 33467640 PMCID: PMC7830385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy to improve vascular repair, yet their role in ischemic retinopathy is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of modulating the neurotrophin receptor; p75NTR on the vascular protection of MSCs in an acute model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Wild type (WT) and p75NTR-/- mice were subjected to I/R injury by increasing intra-ocular pressure to 120 mmHg for 45 min, followed by perfusion. Murine GFP-labeled MSCs (100,000 cells/eye) were injected intravitreally 2 days post-I/R and vascular homing was assessed 1 week later. Acellular capillaries were counted using trypsin digest 10-days post-I/R. In vitro, MSC-p75NTR was modulated either genetically using siRNA or pharmacologically using the p75NTR modulator; LM11A-31, and conditioned media were co-cultured with human retinal endothelial cells (HREs) to examine the angiogenic response. Finally, visual function in mice undergoing retinal I/R and receiving LM11A-31 was assessed by visual-clue water-maze test. I/R significantly increased the number of acellular capillaries (3.2-Fold) in WT retinas, which was partially ameliorated in p75NTR-/- retinas. GFP-MSCs were successfully incorporated and engrafted into retinal vasculature 1 week post injection and normalized the number of acellular capillaries in p75NTR-/- retinas, yet ischemic WT retinas maintained a 2-Fold increase. Silencing p75NTR on GFP-MSCs coincided with a higher number of cells homing to the ischemic WT retinal vasculature and normalized the number of acellular capillaries when compared to ischemic WT retinas receiving scrambled-GFP-MSCs. In vitro, silencing p75NTR-MSCs enhanced their secretome, as evidenced by significant increases in SDF-1, VEGF and NGF release in MSCs conditioned medium; improved paracrine angiogenic response in HREs, where HREs showed enhanced migration (1.4-Fold) and tube formation (2-Fold) compared to controls. In parallel, modulating MSCs-p75NTR using LM11A-31 resulted in a similar improvement in MSCs secretome and the enhanced paracrine angiogenic potential of HREs. Further, intervention with LM11A-31 significantly mitigated the decline in visual acuity post retinal I/R injury. In conclusion, p75NTR modulation can potentiate the therapeutic potential of MSCs to harness vascular repair in ischemic retinopathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L. Elshaer
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Laura Pearson
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
| | - William D. Hill
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Frank M. Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Azza B. El-Remessy
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30901, USA; (S.L.E.); (L.P.); (W.D.H.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of the Pharmacy, Doctors Hospital of Augusta, Augusta, GA 30909, USA
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13
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Aisenbrey EA, Torr E, Johnson H, Soref C, Daly W, Murphy WL. A protocol for rapid pericyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100261. [PMID: 33490977 PMCID: PMC7811164 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes play a critical role in promoting, regulating, and maintaining numerous vascular functions. Their dysfunction is a major contributor to the progression of vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, making them an ideal candidate for large-scale production for disease modeling and regenerative cell therapy. This protocol describes the rapid and robust differentiation of pericytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) while simultaneously generating a population of hiPSC-derived endothelial progenitor cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2017).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Torr
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Hunter Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cheryl Soref
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William Daly
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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14
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Parthiban SP, He W, Monteiro N, Athirasala A, França CM, Bertassoni LE. Engineering pericyte-supported microvascular capillaries in cell-laden hydrogels using stem cells from the bone marrow, dental pulp and dental apical papilla. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21579. [PMID: 33299005 PMCID: PMC7726569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered tissue constructs require the fabrication of highly perfusable and mature vascular networks for effective repair and regeneration. In tissue engineering, stem cells are widely employed to create mature vascularized tissues in vitro. Pericytes are key to the maturity of these vascular networks, and therefore the ability of stem cells to differentiate into pericyte-like lineages should be understood. To date, there is limited information regarding the ability of stem cells from the different tissue sources to differentiate into pericytes and form microvascular capillaries in vitro. Therefore, here we tested the ability of the stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMSC), dental pulp (DPSC) and dental apical papilla (SCAP) to engineer pericyte-supported vascular capillaries when encapsulated along with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel. Our results show that the pericyte differentiation capacity of BMSC was greater with high expression of α-SMA and NG2 positive cells. DPSC had α-SMA positive cells but showed very few NG2 positive cells. Further, SCAP cells were positive for α-SMA while they completely lacked NG2 positive cells. We found the pericyte differentiation ability of these stem cells to be different, and this significantly affected the vasculogenic ability and quality of the vessel networks. In summary, we conclude that, among stem cells from different craniofacial regions, BMSCs appear more suitable for engineering of mature vascularized networks than DPSCs or SCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prakash Parthiban
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wenting He
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nelson Monteiro
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cristiane Miranda França
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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15
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Mannino G, Gennuso F, Giurdanella G, Conti F, Drago F, Salomone S, Furno DL, Bucolo C, Giuffrida R. Pericyte-like differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: An in vitro study. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1152-1170. [PMID: 33178398 PMCID: PMC7596446 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are characterized by long-term self-renewal and a high proliferation rate. Under adequate conditions, they may differentiate into cells belonging to mesodermal, endodermal or ectodermal lineages. Pericytes support endothelial cells and play an important role in stabilizing the vessel wall at the microcirculation level. The loss of pericytes, as occurs in diabetic retinopathy, results in a breakdown of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In this context, the use of pericyte-like differentiated ASCs may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy for restoring BRB damage.
AIM To test in vitro strategies to obtain pericyte-like differentiation of human ASCs (hASCs).
METHODS Different culture conditions were tested: hASCs cultured in a basal medium supplemented with transforming growth factor β1; and hASCs cultured in a specific pericyte medium (PM-hASCs). In a further sample, pericyte growth supplement was omitted from the PM. In addition, cultures of human retinal pericytes (hRPCs) were used for comparison. Pericyte-like differentiation of hASCs was tested by immunocytochemical staining and western blotting to evaluate the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2). Interactions between human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) and different groups of hASCs were investigated in co-culture experiments. In these cases, the expression of typical junctional proteins such as vascular endothelial-Cadherin, zonula occludens-1 and Occludin were assessed in hRECs. In an in vitro model of the BRB, values of trans-endothelial electrical resistance were measured when hRECs were co-cultured with various groups of pretreated hASCs. The values observed were compared with co-cultures of hRECs and hRPCs as well as with cultures of hRECs alone. Three-dimensional co-cultures of hRECs and hRPCs or pericyte-like hASCs in Matrigel were designed to assess their reciprocal localization.
RESULTS After 3-6 d of culture, α-SMA and NG2 immunocytochemistry showed that the closest pericyte-like phenotype was observed when hASCs were cultured in Pericyte Medium (PM-hASCs). In particular, α-SMA immunoreactivity, already visible at the basal level in pericytes and ASCs, was strongly increased only when transforming growth factor was added to the culture medium. NG2 expression, almost undetectable in most conditions, was substantially increased only in PM-hASCs. Immunocytochemical results were confirmed by western blot analysis. The presence of pericyte growth supplement seems to increase NG2 expression rather than α-SMA, in agreement with its role in maintaining pericytes in the proliferative state. In co-culture experiments, immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial-Cadherin, zonula occludens-1 and Occludin was considerably increased in hRECs when hRPCs or PM-hASCs were also present. Supporting results were found by trans-endothelial electrical resistance measurements, gathered at 3 and 6 d of co-culture. The highest resistance values were obtained when hRECs were co-cultured with hRPCs or PM-hASCs. The pericyte-like phenotype of PM-hASCs was also confirmed in three-dimensional co-cultures in Matrigel, where PM-hASCs and hRPCs similarly localized around the tubular formations made by hRECs.
CONCLUSION PM-hASCs seem able to strengthen the intercellular junctions between hRECs, likely reinforcing the BRB; thus, hASC-based therapeutic approaches may be developed to restore the integrity of retinal microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Physiology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Florinda Gennuso
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Federica Conti
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Physiology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Physiology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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16
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Jeske R, Albo J, Marzano M, Bejoy J, Li Y. Engineering Brain-Specific Pericytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:367-382. [PMID: 32571167 PMCID: PMC7462039 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are a type of perivascular cells that surround endothelial cells of small blood vessels. In the brain, PCs show heterogeneity depending on their position within the vasculature. As a result, PC interactions with surrounding endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neuron cells play a key role in a wide array of neurovascular functions such as regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral blood flow, and helping to facilitate the clearance of toxic cellular molecules. Therefore, a reliable method of engineering brain-specific PCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is critical in neurodegenerative disease modeling. This review summarizes brain-specific PC differentiation of hiPSCs through mesoderm and neural crest induction. Key signaling pathways (platelet-derived growth factor-B [PDGF-B], transforming growth factor [TGF]-β, and Notch signaling) regulating PC function, PC interactions with adjacent cells, and PC differentiation from hiPSCs are also discussed. Specifically, PDGF-BB-platelet-derived growth factor receptor β signaling promotes PC cell survival, TGF-β signal transduction facilitates PC attachment to endothelial cells, and Notch signaling is critical in vascular development and arterial-venous specification. Furthermore, current challenges facing the use of hiPSC-derived PCs are discussed, and their ongoing uses in neurodegenerative disease modeling are identified. Further investigations into PCs and surrounding cell interactions are needed to characterize the roles of brain PCs in various neurodegenerative disorders. Impact statement This article summarizes the work related to brain-specific pericytes (PCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In particular, key signaling pathways regulating PC function, PC interactions with adjacent cells, and PC differentiation from hPSCs were discussed. Furthermore, current challenges facing the use of hPSC-derived PCs were identified, and their ongoing uses in neurodegenerative disease modeling were discussed. The review highlights the important role of cell-cell interactions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) models and neurodegeneration. The summarized findings are significant for establishing pluripotent stem cell-based BBB models toward the applications in drug screening and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan Albo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Mark Marzano
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Julie Bejoy
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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17
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Abstract
Vascularization is a major hurdle in complex tissue and organ engineering. Tissues greater than 200 μm in diameter cannot rely on simple diffusion to obtain nutrients and remove waste. Therefore, an integrated vascular network is required for clinical translation of engineered tissues. Microvessels have been described as <150 μm in diameter, but clinically they are defined as <1 mm. With new advances in super microsurgery, vessels less than 1 mm can be anastomosed to the recipient circulation. However, this technical advancement still relies on the creation of a stable engineered microcirculation that is amenable to surgical manipulation and is readily perfusable. Microvascular engineering lays on the crossroads of microfabrication, microfluidics, and tissue engineering strategies that utilize various cellular constituents. Early research focused on vascularization by co-culture and cellular interactions, with the addition of angiogenic growth factors to promote vascular growth. Since then, multiple strategies have been utilized taking advantage of innovations in additive manufacturing, biomaterials, and cell biology. However, the anatomy and dynamics of native blood vessels has not been consistently replicated. Inconsistent results can be partially attributed to cell sourcing which remains an enigma for microvascular engineering. Variations of endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and stem cells have all been used for microvascular network fabrication along with various mural cells. As each source offers advantages and disadvantages, there continues to be a lack of consensus. Furthermore, discord may be attributed to incomplete understanding about cell isolation and characterization without considering the microvascular architecture of the desired tissue/organ.
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18
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Pericyte-myofibroblast transition in the human lung. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:269-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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A Bibliometric Review of Artificial Extracellular Matrices Based on Tissue Engineering Technology Literature: 1990 through 2019. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13132891. [PMID: 32605069 PMCID: PMC7372414 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial extracellular matrices (aECMs) are an extension of biomaterials that were developed as in-vitro model environments for tissue cells that mimic the native in vivo target tissues’ structure. This bibliometric analysis evaluated the research productivity regarding aECM based on tissue engineering technology. The Web of Science citation index was examined for articles published from 1990 through 2019 using three distinct aECM-related topic sets. Data were also visualized using network analyses (VOSviewer). Terms related to in-vitro, scaffolds, collagen, hydrogels, and differentiation were reoccurring in the aECM-related literature over time. Publications with terms related to a clinical direction (wound healing, stem cells, artificial skin, in-vivo, and bone regeneration) have steadily increased, as have the number of countries and institutions involved in the artificial extracellular matrix. As progress with 3D scaffolds continues to advance, it will become the most promising technology to provide a therapeutic option to repair or replace damaged tissue.
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20
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Hwang JW, Lee NK, Yang JH, Son HJ, Bang SI, Chang JW, Na DL. A Comparison of Immune Responses Exerted Following Syngeneic, Allogeneic, and Xenogeneic Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into the Mouse Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093052. [PMID: 32357509 PMCID: PMC7246520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their multifactorial aspects, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely established as an attractive and potential candidate for the treatment of a multitude of diseases. A substantial number of studies advocate that MSCs are poorly immunogenic. In several studies, however, immune responses were observed following injections of xenogeneic donor MSCs. In this study, the aim was to examine differences in immune responses exerted based on transplantations of xenogeneic, syngeneic, and allogeneic MSCs in the wild-type mouse brain. Xenogeneic, allogeneic, and syngeneic MSCs were intracerebrally injected into C57BL/6 mice. Mice were sacrificed one week following transplantation. Based on immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, leukocytes and neutrophils were expressed at the injection sites in the following order (highest to lowest) xenogeneic, allogeneic, and syngeneic. In contrast, microglia and macrophages were expressed in the following order (highest to lowest): syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic. Residual human MSCs in the mouse brain were barely detected after seven days. Although the discrepancy between leukocytes versus macrophages/microglia infiltration should be resolved, our results overall argue against the previous notions that MSCs are poorly immunogenic and that modulation of immune responses is a prerequisite for preclinical and clinical studies in MSC therapy of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Won Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Je Hoon Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Son
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- R&D Center, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (D.L.N.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-3687 (J.W.C.); +82-2-3410-3591 (D.L.N.); Fax: +82-2-3410-0052 (D.L.N.)
| | - Duk L. Na
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06072, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (D.L.N.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-3687 (J.W.C.); +82-2-3410-3591 (D.L.N.); Fax: +82-2-3410-0052 (D.L.N.)
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21
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Bobkova NV, Poltavtseva RA, Leonov SV, Sukhikh GT. Neuroregeneration: Regulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S108-S130. [PMID: 32087056 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It had been commonly believed for a long time, that once established, degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) is irreparable, and that adult person merely cannot restore dead or injured neurons. The existence of stem cells (SCs) in the mature brain, an organ with minimal regenerative ability, had been ignored for many years. Currently accepted that specific structures of the adult brain contain neural SCs (NSCs) that can self-renew and generate terminally differentiated brain cells, including neurons and glia. However, their contribution to the regulation of brain activity and brain regeneration in natural aging and pathology is still a subject of ongoing studies. Since the 1970s, when Fuad Lechin suggested the existence of repair mechanisms in the brain, new exhilarating data from scientists around the world have expanded our knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in the generation of various cell phenotypes supporting the brain, regulation of brain activity by these newly generated cells, and participation of SCs in brain homeostasis and regeneration. The prospects of the SC research are truthfully infinite and hitherto challenging to forecast. Once researchers resolve the issues regarding SC expansion and maintenance, the implementation of the SC-based platform could help to treat tissues and organs impaired or damaged in many devastating human diseases. Over the past 10 years, the number of studies on SCs has increased exponentially, and we have already become witnesses of crucial discoveries in SC biology. Comprehension of the mechanisms of neurogenesis regulation is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches for currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases and neuroblastomas. In this review, we present the latest achievements in this fast-moving field and discuss essential aspects of NSC biology, including SC regulation by hormones, neurotransmitters, and transcription factors, along with the achievements of genetic and chemical reprogramming for the safe use of SCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - R A Poltavtseva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. .,National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - S V Leonov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), The Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - G T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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22
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Sisakht MM, Amirkhani MA, Seifalian AM, Banafshe HR, Verdi J, Nouradini M. Engineered skin graft with stromal vascular fraction cells encapsulated in fibrin–collagen hydrogel: A clinical study for diabetic wound healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:424-440. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Mollapour Sisakht
- Skin and Stem Cell Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of ExcellenceTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd)The London BioScience Innovation Centre London UK
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
- Physiology Research CenterKashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Nouradini
- Applied Cell Sciences DepartmentKashan University of Medical Science Kashan Iran
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23
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Merckx G, Hosseinkhani B, Kuypers S, Deville S, Irobi J, Nelissen I, Michiels L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A. Angiogenic Effects of Human Dental Pulp and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and their Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020312. [PMID: 32012900 PMCID: PMC7072370 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessel formation or angiogenesis is a key process for successful tooth regeneration. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) possess paracrine proangiogenic properties, which are, at least partially, induced by their extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the isolation of BM-MSCs is associated with several drawbacks, which could be overcome by MSC-like cells of the teeth, called dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs). This study aims to compare the angiogenic content and functions of DPSC and BM-MSC EVs and conditioned medium (CM). The angiogenic protein profile of DPSC- and BM-MSC-derived EVs, CM and EV-depleted CM was screened by an antibody array and confirmed by ELISA. Functional angiogenic effects were tested in transwell migration and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays. All secretion fractions contained several pro- and anti-angiogenic proteins and induced in vitro endothelial cell motility. This chemotactic potential was higher for (EV-depleted) CM, compared to EVs with a stronger effect for BM-MSCs. Finally, BM-MSC CM, but not DPSC CM, nor EVs, increased in ovo angiogenesis. In conclusion, we showed that DPSCs are less potent in relation to endothelial cell chemotaxis and in ovo neovascularization, compared to BM-MSCs, which emphasizes the importance of choice of cell type and secretion fraction for stem cell-based regenerative therapies in inducing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greet Merckx
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Baharak Hosseinkhani
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sören Kuypers
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sarah Deville
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Joy Irobi
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Luc Michiels
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)-11-26-92-23
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24
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Nguyen EH, Dombroe MJ, Fisk DL, Daly WT, Sorenson CM, Murphy WL, Sheibani N. Neurovascular Organotypic Culture Models Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Assess Adverse Chemical Exposure Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:92-110. [PMID: 32292797 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a promising cell source for the construction of organotypic culture models for chemical toxicity screening and characterization. Materials and Methods: To characterize the effects of chemical exposure on the human neurovasculature, we constructed neurovascular unit (NVU) models consisting of endothelial cells (ECs) and astrocytes (ACs) derived from human-iPSCs, as well as human brain-derived pericytes (PCs). The cells were cocultured on synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels that guided the self-assembly of capillary-like vascular networks. High-content epifluorescence microscopy evaluated dose-dependent changes to multiple aspects of NVU morphology. Results: Cultured vascular networks underwent quantifiable morphological changes when incubated with vascular disrupting chemicals. The activity of predicted vascular disrupting chemicals from a panel of 38 compounds (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) was ranked based on morphological features detected in the NVU model. In addition, unique morphological neurovascular disruption signatures were detected per chemical. A comparison of PEG-based NVU and Matrigel™-based NVU models found greater sensitivity and consistency in chemical detection by the PEG-based NVU models. Discussion: We suspect that specific morphological changes may be used for discerning adverse outcome pathways initiated by chemical exposure and rapid mechanistic characterization of chemical exposure to neurovascular function. Conclusion: The use of human stem cell-derived vascular tissue and PEG hydrogels in the construction of NVU models leads to rapid detection of adverse chemical effects on neurovascular stability. The use of multiple cell types in coculture elucidates potential mechanisms of action by chemicals applied to the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Nguyen
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Micah J Dombroe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra L Fisk
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William T Daly
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William L Murphy
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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25
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Song L, Yuan X, Jones Z, Griffin K, Zhou Y, Ma T, Li Y. Assembly of Human Stem Cell-Derived Cortical Spheroids and Vascular Spheroids to Model 3-D Brain-like Tissues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5977. [PMID: 30979929 PMCID: PMC6461701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neurons, pericytes, astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, in brain-like tissues are less investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of neural spheroids and vascular spheroids interactions on the regional brain-like tissue patterning in cortical spheroids derived from human iPSCs. Hybrid neurovascular spheroids were constructed by fusion of human iPSC-derived cortical neural progenitor cell (iNPC) spheroids, endothelial cell (iEC) spheroids, and the supporting human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Single hybrid spheroids were constructed at different iNPC: iEC: MSC ratios of 4:2:0, 3:2:1 2:2:2, and 1:2:3 in low-attachment 96-well plates. The incorporation of MSCs upregulated the secretion levels of cytokines VEGF-A, PGE2, and TGF-β1 in hybrid spheroid system. In addition, tri-cultured spheroids had high levels of TBR1 (deep cortical layer VI) and Nkx2.1 (ventral cells), and matrix remodeling genes, MMP2 and MMP3, as well as Notch-1, indicating the crucial role of matrix remodeling and cell-cell communications on cortical spheroid and organoid patterning. Moreover, tri-culture system elevated blood-brain barrier gene expression (e.g., GLUT-1), CD31, and tight junction protein ZO1 expression. Treatment with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, showed the immobilization of MSCs during spheroid fusion, indicating a CXCR4-dependent manner of hMSC migration and homing. This forebrain-like model has potential applications in understanding heterotypic cell-cell interactions and novel drug screening in diseased human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zachary Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Kyle Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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26
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Studying Heterotypic Cell⁻Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040299. [PMID: 30939814 PMCID: PMC6523455 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of the human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neurons, pericytes (i.e., the tissue resident mesenchymal stromal cells), astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, in brain-like tissues are less investigated. In addition, most cortical organoids lack a microglia component, the resident immune cells in the brain. Impairment of the blood-brain barrier caused by improper crosstalk between neural cells and vascular cells is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a phenotype overlapping with pericytes, have promotion effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, which are mainly attributed to secreted growth factors and extracellular matrices. As the innate macrophages of the central nervous system, microglia regulate neuronal activities and promote neuronal differentiation by secreting neurotrophic factors and pro-/anti-inflammatory molecules. Neuronal-microglia interactions mediated by chemokines signaling can be modulated in vitro for recapitulating microglial activities during neurodegenerative disease progression. In this review, we discussed the cellular interactions and the physiological roles of neural cells with other cell types including endothelial cells and microglia based on iPSC models. The therapeutic roles of MSCs in treating neural degeneration and pathological roles of microglia in neurodegenerative disease progression were also discussed.
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27
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Abstract
Teeth are exposed to hundreds of oral bacteria and also challenged by the mastication forces; because teeth are situated in oral cavity, the entrance of the digestive tract, and penetrates through the oral epithelium. The periodontal ligament is a noncalcified tissue that possesses abundant blood vessels, which exist between tooth root and alveolar bone. The ligament is thought to play an important role in absorbing the impact of mastication, in the maintenance of periodontal homeostasis, and in periodontal wound healing. We succeeded in isolating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), so-called periodontal stem cells (PDLSCs), with self-renewability and multipotency from the periodontal ligament. We also demonstrated that PDLSCs share some cell surface markers with pericytes and that PDLSCs distribute themselves to stay with the endothelial cell networks and that PDLSCs maintain the endothelial cell networks when added to endothelial cell network formation systems. Pericytes are located in the proximity of microvascular endothelial cells and thought to stabilize and supply nutrients to blood vessels. Recently, it was also reported that pericytes possess multipotency and can be the source of tissue stem cells and/or progenitor cells. This review explores the distinctive features of the periodontal ligament tissue and PDLSCs as well as the puzzling similarities between PDLSCs and pericytes.
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28
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Li M, Zhang C, Yang Y. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:19-31. [PMID: 30800296 PMCID: PMC6359886 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.bjr-2018-0060.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many in vitro studies have investigated the mechanism by which mechanical signals are transduced into biological signals that regulate bone homeostasis via periodontal ligament fibroblasts during orthodontic treatment, but the results have not been systematically reviewed. This review aims to do this, considering the parameters of various in vitro mechanical loading approaches and their effects on osteogenic and osteoclastogenic properties of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. METHODS Specific keywords were used to search electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science) for English-language literature published between 1995 and 2017. RESULTS A total of 26 studies from the 555 articles obtained via the database search were ultimately included, and four main types of biomechanical approach were identified. Compressive force is characterized by static and continuous application, whereas tensile force is mainly cyclic. Only nine studies investigated the mechanisms by which periodontal ligament fibroblasts transduce mechanical stimulus. The studies provided evidence from in vitro mechanical loading regimens that periodontal ligament fibroblasts play a unique and dominant role in the regulation of bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement. CONCLUSION Evidence from the reviewed studies described the characteristics of periodontal ligament fibroblasts exposed to mechanical force. This is expected to benefit subsequent research into periodontal ligament fibroblasts and to provide indirectly evidence-based insights regarding orthodontic treatment. Further studies should be performed to explore the effects of static tension on cytomechanical properties, better techniques for static compressive force loading, and deeper analysis of underlying regulatory systems.Cite this article: M. Li, C. Zhang, Y. Yang. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:19-31. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.BJR-2018-0060.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Li
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C. Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Argentati C, Morena F, Bazzucchi M, Armentano I, Emiliani C, Martino S. Adipose Stem Cell Translational Applications: From Bench-to-Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3475. [PMID: 30400641 PMCID: PMC6275042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last five years, there has been a significantly increasing interest in adult adipose stem cells (ASCs) as a suitable tool for translational medicine applications. The abundant and renewable source of ASCs and the relatively simple procedure for cell isolation are only some of the reasons for this success. Here, we document the advances in the biology and in the innovative biotechnological applications of ASCs. We discuss how the multipotential property boosts ASCs toward mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal differentiation cell lineages and how their character is maintained even if they are combined with gene delivery systems and/or biomaterials, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Martina Bazzucchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University Largo dell'Università, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
- CEMIN, Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
- CEMIN, Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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30
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Slukvin II, Kumar A. The mesenchymoangioblast, mesodermal precursor for mesenchymal and endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3507-3520. [PMID: 29992471 PMCID: PMC6328351 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymoangioblast (MB) is the earliest precursor for endothelial and mesenchymal cells originating from APLNR+PDGFRα+KDR+ mesoderm in human pluripotent stem cell cultures. MBs are identified based on their capacity to form FGF2-dependent compact spheroid colonies in a serum-free semisolid medium. MBs colonies are composed of PDGFRβ+CD271+EMCN+DLK1+CD73- primitive mesenchymal cells which are generated through endothelial/angioblastic intermediates (cores) formed during first 3-4 days of clonogenic cultures. MB-derived primitive mesenchymal cells have potential to differentiate into mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. In this review, we summarize the specification and developmental potential of MBs, emphasize features that distinguish MBs from other mesenchymal progenitors described in the literature and discuss the value of these findings for identifying molecular pathways leading to MSC and vasculogenic cell specification, and developing cellular therapies using MB-derived progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53707, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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31
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Fiori A, Terlizzi V, Kremer H, Gebauer J, Hammes HP, Harmsen MC, Bieback K. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as potential therapy in diabetic retinopathy. Immunobiology 2018; 223:729-743. [PMID: 29402461 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular disease induced by hyperglycemia and subsequent metabolic abnormalities. The resulting cell stress causes a sequela of events that ultimately can lead to severe vision impairment and blindness. The early stages are characterized by activation of glia and loss of pericytes, endothelial cells (EC) and neuronal cells. The integrity of the retinal microvasculature becomes affected, and, as a possible late response, macular edema may develop as a common reason for vision loss in patients with non-proliferative DR. Moreover, the local ischemia can trigger vasoproliferation leading to vision-threating proliferative DR (PDR) in humans. Available treatment options include control of metabolic and hemodynamic factors. Timely intervention of advanced DR stages with laser photocoagulation, intraocular anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or glucocorticoid drugs can reduce vision loss. As the pathology involves cell loss of both the vascular and neuroglial compartments, cell replacement strategies by stem and progenitor cells have gained considerable interest in the past years. Compared to other disease entities, so far little is known about the efficacy and potential mode of action of cell therapy in treatment of DR. In preclinical models of DR different cell types have been applied ranging from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The latter cell population can combine various modes of action (MoA), thus they are among the most intensely tested cell types in cell therapy. The aim of this review is to discuss the rationale for using MSC as potential cell therapy to treat DR. Accordingly, we will revise identified MoA of MSCs and speculate how these may support the repair of the damaged retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Fiori
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Terlizzi
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Kremer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebauer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany.
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Lee E, Takahashi H, Pauty J, Kobayashi M, Kato K, Kabara M, Kawabe JI, Matsunaga YT. A 3D in vitro pericyte-supported microvessel model: visualisation and quantitative characterisation of multistep angiogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1085-1094. [PMID: 32254296 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03239k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, which refers to the formation of new blood vessels from already existing vessels, is a promising therapeutic target and a complex multistep process involving many different factors. Pericytes (PCs) are attracting attention as they are considered to make significant contributions to the maturation and stabilisation of newly formed vessels, although not much is known about the precise mechanisms involved. Since there is no single specific marker for pericytes, in vivo models may complicate PC identification and the study of PCs in angiogenesis would benefit from in vitro models recapitulating the interactions between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration. In this study, a 3D in vitro co-culture microvessel model incorporating ECs and PCs was constructed by bottom-up tissue engineering. Angiogenesis was induced in the manner of sprout formation by the addition of a vascular endothelial cell growth factor. It was found that the incorporation of PCs prevented expansion of the parent vessel diameter and enhanced sprout formation and elongation. Physical interactions between ECs and PCs were visualised by immunostaining and it disclosed that PCs covered the EC monolayer from its basal side in the parent vessel as well as angiogenic sprouts. Furthermore, the microvessels were visualized in 3D by using a non-invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system and sprout features were quantitatively assessed. It revealed that the sprouts in EC-PC co-culture vessels were longer and tighter than those in EC mono-culture vessels. The combination of the microvessel model and the OCT system analysis can be useful for the visualisation and demonstration of the multistep process of angiogenesis, which incorporates PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Lee
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Abstract
Pericytes have crucial roles in blood-brain barrier function, blood vessel function/stability, angiogenesis, endothelial cell proliferation/differentiation, wound healing, and hematopoietic stem cells maintenance. They can be isolated from fetal and adult tissues and have multipotential differentiation capacity as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). All of these properties make pericytes as preferred cells in the field of tissue engineering. Current developments have shown that tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) systems including multiple cell layers (or types) and a supporting biological matrix represent the in vivo environment better than those monolayers on plastic dishes. Tissue-engineered models are also more ethical and cheaper systems than animal models. This chapter describes the role of pericytes in tissue engineering for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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