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Nims R, Palmer DR, Kassab J, Zhang B, Guilak F. The chondrocyte "mechanome": Activation of the mechanosensitive ion channels TRPV4 and PIEZO1 drives unique transcriptional signatures. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23778. [PMID: 38959010 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400883r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The mechanosensitive ion channels Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and PIEZO1 transduce physiologic and supraphysiologic magnitudes of mechanical signals in the chondrocyte, respectively. TRPV4 activation promotes chondrogenesis, while PIEZO1 activation by supraphysiologic deformations drives cell death. The mechanisms by which activation of these channels discretely drives changes in gene expression to alter cell behavior remain to be determined. To date, no studies have contrasted the transcriptomic response to activation of these channels nor has any published data attempted to correlate these transcriptomes to alterations in cellular function. This study used RNA sequencing to comprehensively investigate the transcriptomes associated with activation of TRPV4 or PIEZO1, revealing that TRPV4 and PIEZO drive distinct transcriptomes and also exhibit unique co-regulated clusters of genes. Notably, activation of PIEZO1 through supraphysiologic deformation induced a transient inflammatory profile that overlapped with the interleukin (IL)-1-responsive transcriptome and contained genes associated with cartilage degradation and osteoarthritis progression. However, both TRPV4 and PIEZO1 were also shown to elicit anabolic effects. PIEZO1 expression promoted a pro-chondrogenic transcriptome under unloaded conditions, and daily treatment with PIEZO1 agonist Yoda1 significantly increased sulfated glycosaminoglycan deposition in vitro. These findings emphasize the presence of a broad "mechanome" with distinct effects of TRPV4 and PIEZO1 activation in chondrocytes, suggesting complex roles for PIEZO1 in both the physiologic and pathologic responses of chondrocytes. The identification of transcriptomic profiles unique to or shared by PIEZO1 and TRPV4 (distinct from IL-1-induced inflammation) could inform future therapeutic designs targeting these channels for the management and treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nims
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel R Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jordan Kassab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Liu H, Liu H, Yang Q, Fan Z. LncRNA SNHG1 enhances cartilage regeneration by modulating chondrogenic differentiation and angiogenesis potentials of JBMMSCs via mitochondrial function regulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:177. [PMID: 38886785 PMCID: PMC11184886 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage is a kind of avascular tissue, and it is difficult to repair itself when it is damaged. In this study, we investigated the regulation of chondrogenic differentiation and vascular formation in human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h-JBMMSCs) by the long-chain noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) during cartilage tissue regeneration. METHODS JBMMSCs were isolated from the jaws via the adherent method. The effects of lncRNA SNHG1 on the chondrogenic differentiation of JBMMSCs in vitro were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Pellet experiment, Alcian blue staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and modified Sirius red staining. RT-qPCR, matrix gel tube formation, and coculture experiments were used to determine the effect of lncRNA SNHG1 on the angiogenesis in JBMMSCs in vitro. A model of knee cartilage defects in New Zealand rabbits and a model of subcutaneous matrix rubber suppositories in nude mice were constructed for in vivo experiments. Changes in mitochondrial function were detected via RT-qPCR, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, MitoSOX staining, tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection. Western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). RESULTS Alcian blue staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and modified Sirius Red staining showed that lncRNA SNHG1 promoted chondrogenic differentiation. The lncRNA SNHG1 promoted angiogenesis in vitro and the formation of microvessels in vivo. The lncRNA SNHG1 promoted the repair and regeneration of rabbit knee cartilage tissue. Western blot and alcian blue staining showed that the JAK inhibitor reduced the increase of STAT3 phosphorylation level and staining deepening caused by SNHG1. Mitochondrial correlation analysis revealed that the lncRNA SNHG1 led to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in ATP levels. Alcian blue staining showed that the ROS inhibitor significantly alleviated the decrease in blue fluorescence caused by SNHG1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS The lncRNA SNHG1 promotes chondrogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of JBMMSCs. The lncRNA SNHG1 regulates the phosphorylation of STAT3, reduces the level of ROS, regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism, and ultimately promotes cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Qiubo Yang
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Li Z, Lin J, Wu J, Suo J, Wang Z. The Hippo signalling pathway in bone homeostasis: Under the regulation of mechanics and aging. Cell Prolif 2024:e13652. [PMID: 38700015 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway is a conserved kinase cascade that orchestrates diverse cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, lineage commitment and stemness. With the onset of society ages, research on skeletal aging-mechanics-bone homeostasis has exploded. In recent years, aging and mechanical force in the skeletal system have gained groundbreaking research progress. Under the regulation of mechanics and aging, the Hippo signalling pathway has a crucial role in the development and homeostasis of bone. We synthesize the current knowledge on the role of the Hippo signalling pathway, particularly its downstream effectors yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), in bone homeostasis. We discuss the regulation of the lineage specification and function of different skeletal cell types by the Hippo signalling pathway. The interactions of the Hippo signalling pathway with other pathways, such as Wnt, transforming growth factor beta and nuclear factor kappa-B, are also mentioned because of their importance for modulating bone homeostasis. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ have been extensively studied as mechanotransducers. Due to space limitations, we focus on reviewing how mechanical forces and aging influence cell fate, communications and homeostasis through a dysregulated Hippo signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqing Lin
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlong Suo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoyun Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Haga CL, Booker CN, Strivelli J, Boregowda SV, Phinney DG. Comparative transcriptome analysis of bone marrow resident versus culture-expanded mouse mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:498-505. [PMID: 38372680 PMCID: PMC11065607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are defined as culture-expanded populations, and although these cells recapitulate many properties of bone marrow (BM) resident skeletal stem/progenitor cells, few studies have directly compared these populations to evaluate how culture adaptation and expansion impact critical quality attributes. METHODS We analyzed by RNA sequencing Lin-SCA1+ MSCs enriched from BM by immunodepletion (ID) and after subsequent culture expansion (Ex) and Lin-LEPR+ MSCs sorted (S) directly from BM. Pairwise comparisons were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between populations, and gene set enrichment analysis was employed to identify biological pathways/processes unique to each population. K-means cluster analysis resolved isolation status-dependent changes in transcription in pseudotime. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering segregated populations by isolation process, and principal component analysis identified transcripts related to vasculature development, ossification and inflammatory/cytokine signaling as key drivers of population variance. Pairwise comparisons identified 3849 DEGs in ID versus S BM-MSCs mapping to Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to immune and metabolic processes and 334 DEGs in Ex versus ID BM-MSCs mapping to GO terms related to tissue development, cell growth and replication and organelle organization. K-means cluster analysis revealed significant differences in transcripts encoding stemness and differentiation markers, extracellular matrix structural constituents and remodeling enzymes and paracrine-acting factors between populations. CONCLUSIONS These comparative analyses reveal significant differences in gene expression signatures between BM resident and culture-expanded MSCs, thereby providing new insight into how culture adaptation/expansion endows the latter with unique quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Cori N Booker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Jacqueline Strivelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Siddaraju V Boregowda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Donald G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute of Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA.
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Zhu M, Jiang S, Huang J, Li Z, Xu S, Liu S, He Y, Zhang Z. Biochemical and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal a Stronger Capacity for Photosynthate Accumulation in Low-Tillering Rice Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1648. [PMID: 38338929 PMCID: PMC10855222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Moderate control of rice tillering and the development of rice varieties with large panicles are important topics for future high-yield rice breeding. Herein, we found that low-tillering rice varieties stopped tillering earlier and had a larger leaf area of the sixth leaf. Notably, at 28 days after sowing, the rice seedlings of the low-tillering group had an average single-culm above-ground biomass of 0.84 g, significantly higher than that of the multi-tillering group by 56.26%, and their NSC (non-structural carbohydrate) and starch contents in sheaths were increased by 43.34% and 97.75%, respectively. These results indicated that the low-tillering group of rice varieties had a stronger ability to store photosynthetic products in the form of starch in their sheaths, which was thus more beneficial for their large panicle development. The results of carbon and nitrogen metabolism analyses showed that the low-tillering group had a relatively strong carbon metabolism activity, which was more favorable for the accumulation of photosynthesis products and the following development of large panicles, while the multi-tillering group showed relatively strong nitrogen metabolism activity, which was more beneficial for the development and formation of new organs, such as tillers. Accordingly, in the low-tillering rice varieties, the up-regulated genes were enriched in the pathways mainly related to the synthesis of carbohydrates, while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in the nitrogen metabolism pathways. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of rice tillering regulation and promotes the development of new varieties with ideal plant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Jinqiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shaojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Yonggang He
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (M.Z.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (S.X.); (S.L.)
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Zhou Y, Ping X, Guo Y, Heng BC, Wang Y, Meng Y, Jiang S, Wei Y, Lai B, Zhang X, Deng X. Assessing Biomaterial-Induced Stem Cell Lineage Fate by Machine Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210637. [PMID: 36756993 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current functional assessment of biomaterial-induced stem cell lineage fate in vitro mainly relies on biomarker-dependent methods with limited accuracy and efficiency. Here a "Mesenchymal stem cell Differentiation Prediction (MeD-P)" framework for biomaterial-induced cell lineage fate prediction is reported. MeD-P contains a cell-type-specific gene expression profile as a reference by integrating public RNA-seq data related to tri-lineage differentiation (osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis) of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and a predictive model for classifying hMSCs differentiation lineages using the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) strategy. It is shown that MeD-P exhibits an overall accuracy of 90.63% on testing datasets, which is significantly higher than the model constructed based on canonical marker genes (80.21%). Moreover, evaluations of multiple biomaterials show that MeD-P provides accurate prediction of lineage fate on different types of biomaterials as early as the first week of hMSCs culture. In summary, it is demonstrated that MeD-P is an efficient and accurate strategy for stem cell lineage fate prediction and preliminary biomaterial functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Department of Dental Materials and Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Ping
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yusi Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Dental Materials and Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanze Meng
- Department of Dental Materials and Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Lai
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials and Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Liu H, Müller PE, Aszódi A, Klar RM. Osteochondrogenesis by TGF-β3, BMP-2 and noggin growth factor combinations in an ex vivo muscle tissue model: Temporal function changes affecting tissue morphogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1140118. [PMID: 37008034 PMCID: PMC10060664 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1140118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of clear molecular insight, the biological mechanism behind the use of growth factors applied in osteochondral regeneration is still unresolved. The present study aimed to resolve whether multiple growth factors applied to muscle tissue in vitro, such as TGF-β3, BMP-2 and Noggin, can lead to appropriate tissue morphogenesis with a specific osteochondrogenic nature, thereby revealing the underlying molecular interaction mechanisms during the differentiation process. Interestingly, although the results showed the typical modulatory effect of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 on the osteochondral process, and Noggin seemingly downregulated specific signals such as BMP-2 activity, we also discovered a synergistic effect between TGF-β3 and Noggin that positively influenced tissue morphogenesis. Noggin was observed to upregulate BMP-2 and OCN at specific time windows of culture in the presence of TGF-β3, suggesting a temporal time switch causing functional changes in the signaling protein. This implies that signals change their functions throughout the process of new tissue formation, which may depend on the presence or absence of specific singular or multiple signaling cues. If this is the case, the signaling cascade is far more intricate and complex than originally believed, warranting intensive future investigations so that regenerative therapies of a critical clinical nature can function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Roland M. Klar,
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszódi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M. Klar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Heng Liu, ; Roland M. Klar,
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8
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Goh D, Yang Y, Lee EH, Hui JHP, Yang Z. Managing the Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Regenerative Therapy: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030355. [PMID: 36978745 PMCID: PMC10045936 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects commonly result from trauma and are associated with significant morbidity. Since cartilage is an avascular, aneural, and alymphatic tissue with a poor intrinsic healing ability, the regeneration of functional hyaline cartilage remains a difficult clinical problem. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with multilineage differentiation potential, including the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes. Due to their availability and ease of ex vivo expansion, clinicians are increasingly applying MSCs in the treatment of cartilage lesions. However, despite encouraging pre-clinical and clinical data, inconsistencies in MSC proliferative and chondrogenic potential depending on donor, tissue source, cell subset, culture conditions, and handling techniques remain a key barrier to widespread clinical application of MSC therapy in cartilage regeneration. In this review, we highlight the strategies to manage the heterogeneity of MSCs ex vivo for more effective cartilage repair, including reducing the MSC culture expansion period, and selecting MSCs with higher chondrogenic potential through specific genetic markers, surface markers, and biophysical attributes. The accomplishment of a less heterogeneous population of culture-expanded MSCs may improve the scalability, reproducibility, and standardisation of MSC therapy for clinical application in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Goh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
| | - Yanmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - James Hoi Po Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block Level 11, Singapore 119288, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore 11751, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-5398
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Takács R, Póliska S, Juhász T, Barna KB, Matta C. Isolation of High-Quality Total RNA from Small Animal Articular Cartilage for Next-Generation Sequencing. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e692. [PMID: 36880775 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is characterized by a low density of chondrocytes surrounded by an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of a dense mixture of collagens, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. Due to its low cellularity and high proteoglycan content, it is particularly challenging to extract high-quality total RNA suitable for sensitive high-throughput downstream applications such as RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Available protocols for high-quality RNA isolation from articular chondrocytes are inconsistent, resulting in suboptimal yield and compromised quality. This poses a significant difficulty in the application of RNA-Seq to study the cartilage transcriptome. Current protocols rely either on dissociation of cartilage ECM by collagenase digestion or pulverizing cartilage using various methods prior to RNA extraction. However, protocols for cartilage processing vary significantly depending on the species and source of cartilage within the body. Protocols for isolating RNA from human or large mammal (e.g., horse or cattle) cartilage samples are available, but this is not the case for chicken cartilage, despite the species being extensively used in cartilage research. Here, we present two improved RNA isolation protocols based on pulverization of fresh articular cartilage using a cryogenic mill or on enzymatic digestion using 1.2% (w/v) collagenase II. Our protocols optimize the collection and tissue processing steps to minimize RNA degradation and enhance RNA purity. Our results show that RNA purified from chicken articular cartilage using these methods has appropriate quality for RNA-Seq experiments. The procedure is applicable for RNA extraction from cartilage from other species such as dog, cat, sheep, and goat. The workflow for RNA-Seq analysis is also described here. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Extraction of total RNA from pulverized chicken articular cartilage Alternate Protocol: Extraction of total RNA from collagen-digested articular cartilage Support Protocol: Dissection of chicken articular cartilage from the knee joint Basic Protocol 2: RNA sequencing of total RNA from chicken articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina B Barna
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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10
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Kornmuller A, Cooper TT, Jani A, Lajoie GA, Flynn LE. Probing the effects of matrix-derived microcarrier composition on human adipose-derived stromal cells cultured dynamically within spinner flask bioreactors. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:415-434. [PMID: 36210786 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing the cell-instructive capacity of the extracellular matrix (ECM), this study investigated the effects of expanding human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) on ECM-derived microcarriers fabricated from decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) or decellularized cartilage tissue (DCT) within spinner flask bioreactors. Protocols were established for decellularizing porcine auricular cartilage and electrospraying methods were used to generate microcarriers comprised exclusively of DAT or DCT, which were compositionally distinct, but had matching Young's moduli. Both microcarrier types supported hASC attachment and growth over 14 days within a low-shear spinner culture system, with a significantly higher cell density observed on the DCT microcarriers at 7 and 14 days. Irrespective of the ECM source, dynamic culture on the microcarriers altered the expression of genes and proteins associated with cell adhesion and ECM remodeling. Label-free mass spectrometry analysis showed upregulation of proteins associated with cartilage development and ECM in the hASCs expanded on the DCT microcarriers. Based on Luminex analysis, the hASCs expanded on the DCT microcarriers secreted significantly higher levels of IL-8 and PDGFAA, supporting that the ECM source can modulate hASC paracrine factor secretion. Finally, the hASCs expanded on the microcarriers were extracted for analysis of adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation relative to baseline controls. The microcarrier-cultured hASCs showed enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation at 7 days post-induction of adipogenic differentiation. In the chondrogenic studies, a low level of differentiation was observed in all groups. Future studies are warranted using alternative cell sources with greater chondrogenic potential to further assess the chondro-inductive properties of the DCT microcarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kornmuller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ammi Jani
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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11
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Sang S, Mao X, Cao Y, Liu Z, Shen Z, Li M, Jia W, Guo Z, Wang Z, Xiang C, Sun L. 3D Bioprinting Using Synovium-Derived MSC-Laden Photo-Cross-Linked ECM Bioink for Cartilage Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8895-8913. [PMID: 36779653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, inspired by the components of cartilage matrix, a photo-cross-linked extracellular matrix (ECM) bioink composed of modified proteins and polysaccharides was presented, including gelatin methacrylate, hyaluronic acid methacrylate, and chondroitin sulfate methacrylate. The systematic experiments were performed, including morphology, swelling, degradation, mechanical and rheological tests, printability analysis, biocompatibility and chondrogenic differentiation characterization, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results indicated that the photo-cross-linked ECM hydrogels possessed suitable degradation rate and excellent mechanical properties, and the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted ECM scaffolds obtained favorable shape fidelity and improved the basic properties, biological properties, and chondrogenesis of synovium-derived MSCs (SMSCs). The strong stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) enhanced the aggregation, proliferation, and differentiation of SMSCs, thereby enhancing chondrogenic ECM deposition. In vivo animal experiments and gait analysis further confirmed that the ECM scaffold combined with TGF-β1 could effectively promote cartilage regeneration and functional recovery of injured joints. To sum up, the photo-cross-linked ECM bioink for 3D printing of functional cartilage tissue may become an attractive strategy for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xingjia Mao
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Wendan Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chuan Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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12
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Khatib NS, Monsen J, Ahmed S, Huang Y, Hoey DA, Nowlan NC. Mechanoregulatory role of TRPV4 in prenatal skeletal development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2155. [PMID: 36696489 PMCID: PMC9876556 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical cues are essential for guiding skeletal development, but the mechanisms underlying the mechanical regulation of cartilage and bone formation are unknown. TRPV4 is a mechanically sensitive ion channel involved in cartilage and bone cell mechanosensing, mutations of which lead to skeletal developmental pathologies. We tested the hypothesis that loading-driven prenatal skeletal development is dependent on TRPV4 activity. We first establish that mechanically stimulating mouse embryo hindlimbs cultured ex vivo stimulates knee cartilage growth, morphogenesis, and expression of TRPV4, which localizes to areas of high biophysical stimuli. We then demonstrate that loading-driven joint cartilage growth and shape are dependent on TRPV4 activity, mediated via control of cell proliferation and matrix biosynthesis, indicating a mechanism by which mechanical loading could direct growth and morphogenesis during joint formation. We conclude that mechanoregulatory pathways initiated by TRPV4 guide skeletal development; therefore, TRPV4 is a valuable target for the development of skeletal regenerative and repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal S. Khatib
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Monsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Saima Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yuming Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David A. Hoey
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh C. Nowlan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals synergistic modulation of E-cadherin/N-cadherin in hMSC aggregates chondrogenesis. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:681-692. [PMID: 36595183 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is a vital inductor for mesenchymal condensation in chondrogenesis. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of E-cadherin in enhancing the multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and limb development; however, the signaling crosstalk of E/N-cadherin remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the synergistic modulation of E/N-cadherin in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC aggregates. METHODS Human E/N-cadherin-functionalized (hE/N-cad-Fc) poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (hE/N-cad-PLGA) were incorporated into the human MSC (hMSC) aggregates to upregulate the expression of the corresponding endogenous cadherin. The chondrogenic differentiation of the hMSC aggregates was initiated by hE/N-cad-PLGA, controlling the release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). A transcriptome analysis was used to assess differentially expressed genes (DEGs) modulated by hE/N-cad-Fc in hMSC aggregate chondrogenesis. Gene functions and signaling pathways were assessed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The associated biological pathways were assessed by a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and the results were further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. RESULTS A total of 1083 DEGs, comprising 111 upregulated and 972 downregulated genes, were discovered to be related to the enhanced chondrogenic differentiation modulated by hE/N-cad-Fc. The GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses revealed that hE/N-cad-Fc synergistically regulated the p53-related survival signaling pathway. PPI analysis revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) caspase regulation is a core aspect of the chondrogenic differentiation process, confirmed by western blotting. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to reveal that the synergistic modulation of E/N-cadherin enhances the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs via the ERK1/2-p53 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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14
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Lamparelli EP, Ciardulli MC, Giudice V, Scala P, Vitolo R, Dale TP, Selleri C, Forsyth NR, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. 3D in-vitro cultures of human bone marrow and Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells show high chondrogenic potential. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:986310. [PMID: 36225603 PMCID: PMC9549977 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.986310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, chondrogenic potentials of 3D high-density cultures of Bone Marrow (BM) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was investigated by chondrogenesis- and cytokine-related gene expression over a 16-day culture period supplemented with human transforming growth factor (hTGF)-β1 at 10 ng/ml. In BM-MSC 3D models, a marked upregulation of chondrogenesis-related genes, such as SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN (all p < 0.05) and formation of spherical pellets with structured type II collagen fibers were observed. Similarly, WJ-based high-density culture appeared higher in size and more regular in shape, with a significant overexpression of COL2A1 and ACAN (all p < 0.05) at day 16. Moreover, a similar upregulation trend was documented for IL-6 and IL-10 expression in both BM and WJ 3D systems. In conclusion, MSC-based high-density cultures can be considered a promising in vitro model of cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Moreover, our data support the use of WJ-MSCs as a valid alternative for chondrogenic commitment of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Rosa Vitolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Tina Patricia Dale
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Nicholas Robert Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Della Porta,
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15
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Fernández-Tabanera E, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 In Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909450. [PMID: 35785191 PMCID: PMC9247467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the development of tumors through the interaction with specific protein-membrane receptors. One of the most relevant proteins in this context is the transmembrane protein CD44. The role of CD44 in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis has been well established in many cancers, although a comprehensive review concerning its role in sarcomas has not been published. CD44 is overexpressed in most sarcomas and several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown a direct effect on tumor progression, dissemination, and drug resistance. Moreover, CD44 has been revealed as a useful marker for prognostic and diagnostic (CD44v6 isoform) in osteosarcoma. Besides, some innovative treatments such as HA-functionalized liposomes therapy have become an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system for osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the reduced number of studies deciphering the prognostic/diagnostic value of CD44 in other sarcoma subgroups, neither than osteosarcoma, in addition to the low number of patients involved in those studies, have produced inconclusive results. In this review, we have gone through the information available on the role of CD44 in the development, maintenance, and progression of sarcomas, analyzing their implications at the prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic levels. Moreover, we illustrate how research involving the specific role of CD44 in the different sarcoma subgroups could suppose a chance to advance towards a more innovative perspective for novel therapies and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Alonso,
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16
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López-Jiménez C, Chiu LL, Waldman SD, Guilak F, Koch TG. TRPV4 activation enhances compressive properties and glycosaminoglycan deposition of equine neocartilage sheets. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Thomas SM, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Zuscik MJ, Payne KA. Understanding the Transcriptomic Landscape to Drive New Innovations in Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:141-152. [PMID: 35156183 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a novel and highly sought-after tool in the field of musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. The technology is being used to better understand pathological processes, as well as elucidate mechanisms governing development and regeneration. It has allowed in-depth characterization of stem cell populations and discovery of molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell development, maintenance, and differentiation in a way that was not possible with previous technology. This review introduces RNA-seq technology and how it has paved the way for advances in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in regenerative medicine have utilized RNA-seq to decipher mechanisms of pathophysiology and identify novel targets for regenerative medicine. The technology has also advanced stem cell biology through in-depth characterization of stem cells, identifying differentiation trajectories and optimizing cell culture conditions. It has also provided new knowledge that has led to improved growth factor use and scaffold design for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. This article reviews recent studies utilizing RNA-seq in the field of musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. It demonstrates how transcriptomic analysis can be used to provide insights that can aid in formulating a regenerative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Thomas
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael J Zuscik
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Karin A Payne
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Engineering osteoarthritic cartilage model through differentiating senescent human mesenchymal stem cells for testing disease-modifying drugs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:309-327. [PMID: 34109475 PMCID: PMC10077511 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant cellular senescence has been observed in cartilage harvested from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we aim to develop a senescence-relevant OA-like cartilage model for developing disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). Specifically, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were expanded in vitro up to passage 10 (P10-MSCs). Following their senescent phenotype formation, P10-MSCs were subjected to pellet culture in chondrogenic medium. Results from qRT-PCR, histology, and immunostaining indicated that cartilage generated from P10-MSCs displayed both senescent and OA-like phenotypes without using other OA-inducing agents, when compared to that from normal passage 4 (P4)-MSCs. Interestingly, the same gene expression differences observed between P4-MSCs and P10-MSC-derived cartilage tissues were also observed between the preserved and damaged OA cartilage regions taken from human samples, as demonstrated by RNA Sequencing data and other analysis methods. Lastly, the utility of this senescence-initiated OA-like cartilage model in drug development was assessed by testing several potential DMOADs and senolytics. The results suggest that pre-existing cellular senescence can induce the generation of OA-like changes in cartilage. The P4- and P10-MSCs derived cartilage models also represent a novel platform for predicting the efficacy and toxicity of potential DMOADs on both preserved and damaged cartilage in humans.
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19
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Yan M, Duan X, Cai L, Zhang W, Silva MJ, Brophy RH, Rai MF. KIF26B Silencing Prevents Osseous Transdifferentiation of Progenitor/Stem Cells and Attenuates Ectopic Calcification in a Murine Model. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:349-368. [PMID: 34787331 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic calcification is an osteogenic process that leads to the formation of inappropriate bone within intra-articular soft tissues, often in response to injury or surgery. The molecular mechanisms governing this phenotype have yet to be determined. Using a population genetics approach, we identified an association of the kinesin superfamily member 26b (Kif26b) with injury-induced ectopic calcification through quantitative trait locus analysis of recombinant inbred mouse strains, consistent with a genomewide association study that identified KIF26B as a severity locus for ectopic calcification in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Despite these associations of KIF26B with ectopic calcification, its mechanistic role and functional implications have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to decipher the functional role of KIF26B in osseous and chondrogenic transdifferentiation of human and murine progenitor/stem cells and in a murine model of non-invasive injury-induced intra-articular ectopic calcification. We found that KIF26B ablation via lentivirus-mediated shRNA significantly arrested osteogenesis of progenitor/stem cells and suppressed the expression of typical osteogenic marker genes. Conversely, KIF26B loss-of-function increased chondrogenesis as demonstrated by enhanced Safranin-O staining and by the elevated expression of chondrogenic marker genes. Furthermore, cell function analysis revealed that KIF26B knockdown significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation and induced cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, loss of osteogenesis was reverted by the addition of a Wnt agonist, SKL2001, demonstrating a role of KIF26B in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, intra-articular delivery of Kif26b shRNA in B6-129SF2/J mice significantly hampered the development of intra-articular ectopic calcification at 8 weeks after injury compared with mice treated with non-target scrambled shRNA. In summary, these observations highlight that KIF26B plays a crucial role in ectopic bone formation by repressing osteogenesis, but not chondrogenesis, potentially via modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings establish KIF26B as a critical determinant of the osteogenic process in pathologic endochondral bone formation and an actionable target for pharmacotherapy to mitigate ectopic calcification (and heterotopic ossification). © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Wang B, Liu W, Li JJ, Chai S, Xing D, Yu H, Zhang Y, Yan W, Xu Z, Zhao B, Du Y, Jiang Q. A low dose cell therapy system for treating osteoarthritis: In vivo study and in vitro mechanistic investigations. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:478-490. [PMID: 34466747 PMCID: PMC8379370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be effective in alleviating the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, low MSC retention and survival at the injection site frequently require high doses of cells and/or repeated injections, which are not economically viable and create additional risks of complications. In this study, we produced MSC-laden microcarriers in spinner flask culture as cell delivery vehicles. These microcarriers containing a low initial dose of MSCs administered through a single injection in a rat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection model of OA achieved similar reparative effects as repeated high doses of MSCs, as evaluated through imaging and histological analyses. Mechanistic investigations were conducted using a co-culture model involving human primary chondrocytes grown in monolayer, together with MSCs grown either within 3D constructs or as a monolayer. Co-culture supernatants subjected to secretome analysis showed significant decrease of inflammatory factors in the 3D group. RNA-seq of co-cultured MSCs and chondrocytes using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed processes relating to early chondrogenesis and increased extracellular matrix interactions in MSCs of the 3D group, as well as phenotypic maintenance in the co-cultured chondrocytes. The cell delivery platform we investigated may be effective in reducing the cell dose and injection frequency required for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Senlin Chai
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 201180, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Dong J, Zhang P, Zhou D, Liu F. Dynamics of Transcription Factors in Three Early Phases of Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Chondrogenic Differentiation Determining the Fate of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:768316. [PMID: 34765608 PMCID: PMC8576568 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) occurred in multiple age-related degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. In order to improve our understanding and control of multi-directional differentiation of BMSCs in rats, using high-throughput sequencing, we identified key gene regulatory events in the early stages of lineage commitment. Data analysis revealed two transcription factors (TFs, Tsc22d3, and Epas1) with elevated expression throughout the initiation of differentiation (3 h), lineage acquisition (12 h), and early lineage progression (72 h) of three-directional differentiation. For osteogenic differentiation, 792, 1,042, and 638 differentially expressed genes including 48, 59, and 34 TFs were identified at three time points, respectively. Moreover, the functional analysis demonstrated that 4, 12, and 5 TFs were only differentially expressed during osteogenic differentiation at 3, 12, and 72 h, respectively, and not during other two-directional differentiation. Hopx showed enhanced expression throughout three early phases during the osteogenic differentiation but no significant change in other two-directional differentiation. A similar pattern of Gbx2 expression occurred in chondrogenic differentiation. Thus, Hopx and other early responder TFs may control the osteogenic cell fate of BMSCs and participate in the development of osteoporosis. Gbx2 and other early responder TFs should be considered in mechanistic models that clarify cartilage-anabolic changes in the clinical progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fanxiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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22
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Maumus M, Fonteneau G, Ruiz M, Assou S, Boukhaddaoui H, Pastoureau P, De Ceuninck F, Jorgensen C, Noel D. Neuromedin B promotes chondrocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells via calcineurin and calcium signaling. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:183. [PMID: 34663442 PMCID: PMC8525028 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage is a complex tissue with poor healing capacities. Current approaches for cartilage repair based on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are often disappointing because of the lack of relevant differentiation factors that could drive MSC differentiation towards a stable mature chondrocyte phenotype. Results We used a large-scale transcriptomic approach to identify genes that are modulated at early stages of chondrogenic differentiation using the reference cartilage micropellet model. We identified several modulated genes and selected neuromedin B (NMB) as one of the early and transiently modulated genes. We found that the timely regulated increase of NMB was specific for chondrogenesis and not observed during osteogenesis or adipogenesis. Furthermore, NMB expression levels correlated with the differentiation capacity of MSCs and its inhibition resulted in impaired chondrogenic differentiation indicating that NMB is required for chondrogenesis. We further showed that NMB activated the calcineurin activity through a Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway. Conclusion NMB is a newly described chondroinductive bioactive factor that upregulates the key chondrogenic transcription factor Sox9 through the modulation of Ca2+ signaling pathway and calcineurin activity. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00695-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maumus
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maxime Ruiz
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Said Assou
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hassan Boukhaddaoui
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pastoureau
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Immuno-Inflammatory Disease, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Frédéric De Ceuninck
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Immuno-Inflammatory Disease, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noel
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France. .,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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23
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Willard VP, Leddy HA, Palmer D, Wu CL, Liedtke W, Guilak F. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 as a regulator of induced pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1447-1456. [PMID: 34427363 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a polymodal calcium-permeable cation channel that is highly expressed in cartilage and is sensitive to a variety of extracellular stimuli. The expression of this channel has been associated with the process of chondrogenesis in adult stem cells as well as several cell lines. Here, we used a chondrogenic reporter (Col2a1-GFP) in murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to examine the hypothesis that TRPV4 serves as both a marker and a regulator of chondrogenesis. Over 21 days of chondrogenesis, iPSCs showed significant increases in Trpv4 expression along with the standard chondrogenic gene markers Sox9, Acan, and Col2a1, particularly in the green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+) chondroprogenitor subpopulation. Increased gene expression for Trpv4 was also reflected by the presence of TRPV4 protein and functional Ca2+ signaling. Daily activation of TRPV4 using the specific agonist GSK1016790A resulted in significant increases in cartilaginous matrix production. An improved understanding of the role of TRPV4 in chondrogenesis may provide new insights into the development of new therapeutic approaches for diseases of cartilage, such as osteoarthritis, or channelopathies and hereditary disorders that affect cartilage during development. Harnessing the role of TRPV4 in chondrogenesis may also provide a novel approach for accelerating stem cell differentiation in functional tissue engineering of cartilage replacements for joint repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly A Leddy
- Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Farshid Guilak
- Cytex Therapeutics, Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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24
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Zeng H, Lu Y, Huang MJ, Yang YY, Xing HY, Liu XX, Zhou MW. Ketogenic diet-mediated steroid metabolism reprogramming improves the immune microenvironment and myelin growth in spinal cord injury rats according to gene and co-expression network analyses. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12973-12995. [PMID: 33962394 PMCID: PMC8148504 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet has been widely used in the treatment of various nervous system and metabolic-related diseases. Our previous research found that a ketogenic diet exerts a protective effect and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. However, the mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, different dietary feeding methods were used, and myelin expression and gene level changes were detected among different groups. We established 15 RNA-seq cDNA libraries from among 4 different groups. First, KEGG pathway enrichment of upregulated differentially expressed genes and gene set enrichment analysis of the ketogenic diet and normal diet groups indicated that a ketogenic diet significantly improved the steroid anabolic pathway in rats with spinal cord injury. Through cluster analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis and visualization of iPath metabolic pathways, it was determined that Sqle, Sc5d, Cyp51, Dhcr24, Msmo1, Hsd17b7, and Fdft1 expression changed significantly. Second, through weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that rats fed a ketogenic diet showed a significant reduction in the expression of genes involved in immune-related pathways, including those associated with immunity and infectious diseases. A ketogenic diet may improve the immune microenvironment and myelin growth in rats with spinal cord injury through reprogramming of steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Huangpu 200011, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng-Jie Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua-Yi Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Xie Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mou-Wang Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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25
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Wu CL, Dicks A, Steward N, Tang R, Katz DB, Choi YR, Guilak F. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of human pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:362. [PMID: 33441552 PMCID: PMC7806634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for cartilage regeneration is largely hindered by the low yield of chondrocytes accompanied by unpredictable and heterogeneous off-target differentiation of cells during chondrogenesis. Here, we combine bulk RNA sequencing, single cell RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses, including weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA), to investigate the gene regulatory networks regulating hiPSC differentiation under chondrogenic conditions. We identify specific WNTs and MITF as hub genes governing the generation of off-target differentiation into neural cells and melanocytes during hiPSC chondrogenesis. With heterocellular signaling models, we further show that WNT signaling produced by off-target cells is responsible for inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy. By targeting WNTs and MITF, we eliminate these cell lineages, significantly enhancing the yield and homogeneity of hiPSC-derived chondrocytes. Collectively, our findings identify the trajectories and molecular mechanisms governing cell fate decision in hiPSC chondrogenesis, as well as dynamic transcriptome profiles orchestrating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Wu
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Amanda Dicks
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nancy Steward
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dakota B Katz
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yun-Rak Choi
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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26
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Lozoya OA, McClelland KS, Papas BN, Li JL, Yao HHC. Patterns, Profiles, and Parsimony: Dissecting Transcriptional Signatures From Minimal Single-Cell RNA-Seq Output With SALSA. Front Genet 2020; 11:511286. [PMID: 33193599 PMCID: PMC7586319 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.511286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have precipitated the development of bioinformatic tools to reconstruct cell lineage specification and differentiation processes with single-cell precision. However, current start-up costs and recommended data volumes for statistical analysis remain prohibitively expensive, preventing scRNA-seq technologies from becoming mainstream. Here, we introduce single-cell amalgamation by latent semantic analysis (SALSA), a versatile workflow that combines measurement reliability metrics with latent variable extraction to infer robust expression profiles from ultra-sparse sc-RNAseq data. SALSA uses a matrix focusing approach that starts by identifying facultative genes with expression levels greater than experimental measurement precision and ends with cell clustering based on a minimal set of Profiler genes, each one a putative biomarker of cluster-specific expression profiles. To benchmark how SALSA performs in experimental settings, we used the publicly available 10X Genomics PBMC 3K dataset, a pre-curated silver standard from human frozen peripheral blood comprising 2,700 single-cell barcodes, and identified 7 major cell groups matching transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood cell types and driven agnostically by < 500 Profiler genes. Finally, we demonstrate successful implementation of SALSA in a replicative scRNA-seq scenario by using previously published DropSeq data from a multi-batch mouse retina experimental design, thereby identifying 10 transcriptionally distinct cell types from > 64,000 single cells across 7 independent biological replicates based on < 630 Profiler genes. With these results, SALSA demonstrates that robust pattern detection from scRNA-seq expression matrices only requires a fraction of the accrued data, suggesting that single-cell sequencing technologies can become affordable and widespread if meant as hypothesis-generation tools to extract large-scale differential expression effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo A. Lozoya
- Genomic Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn S. McClelland
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Brian N. Papas
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Humphrey H.-C. Yao
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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27
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Robert AW, Marcon BH, Dallagiovanna B, Shigunov P. Adipogenesis, Osteogenesis, and Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: A Comparative Transcriptome Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:561. [PMID: 32733882 PMCID: PMC7362937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are complex and highly regulated processes. Over the years, several studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the MSC commitment to the osteogenic, adipogenic and/or chondrogenic phenotypes. High-throughput methodologies have been used to investigate the gene expression profile during differentiation. Association of data analysis of mRNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, obtained at different time points over these processes, are important to depict the complexity of differentiation. This review will discuss the results that were highlighted in transcriptome analyses of MSC undergoing adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The focus is to shed light on key molecules, main signaling pathways and biological processes related to different time points of adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny W Robert
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna H Marcon
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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28
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Stadler HS. Encouraging cartilage production. eLife 2020; 9:57239. [PMID: 32374717 PMCID: PMC7202892 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A long non-coding RNA called GRASLND is essential to help stem cells create stable cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Scott Stadler
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, United States.,Skeletal Biology Research Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, United States
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29
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Huynh NP, Gloss CC, Lorentz J, Tang R, Brunger JM, McAlinden A, Zhang B, Guilak F. Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway. eLife 2020; 9:49558. [PMID: 32202492 PMCID: PMC7202894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in musculoskeletal development, disease, and regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the novel lncRNA GRASLND (originally named RNF144A-AS1) as a regulator of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. GRASLND, a primate-specific lncRNA, is upregulated during MSC chondrogenesis and appears to act directly downstream of SOX9, but not TGF-β3. We showed that the silencing of GRASLND resulted in lower accumulation of cartilage-like extracellular matrix in a pellet assay, while GRASLND overexpression – either via transgene ectopic expression or by endogenous activation via CRISPR-dCas9-VP64 – significantly enhanced cartilage matrix production. GRASLND acts to inhibit IFN-γ by binding to EIF2AK2, and we further demonstrated that GRASLND exhibits a protective effect in engineered cartilage against interferon type II. Our results indicate an important role of GRASLND in regulating stem cell chondrogenesis, as well as its therapeutic potential in the treatment of cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Pt Huynh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Catherine C Gloss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Jeremiah Lorentz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, United States.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, United States
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30
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Osteoarthritis year in review 2019: genetics, genomics and epigenetics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:275-284. [PMID: 31874234 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although osteoarthritis (OA) aetiology is complex, genetic, genomic and epigenetic studies published within the last decade have advanced our understanding of the molecular processes underlying this common musculoskeletal disease. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the key research articles within the OA genetics, genomics and epigenetics fields that were published between April 2018 and April 2019. The review focuses on the identification of new OA genetic risk loci, genomics techniques that have been used for the first time in human cartilage and new publicly available databases, and datasets that will aid OA functional studies. Fifty-six new OA susceptibility loci were identified by two large scale genome wide association study meta-analyses, increasing the number of genome-wide significant risk loci to 90. OA risk variants are enriched near genes involved in skeletal development and morphology, and show genetic overlap with height, hip shape, bone area and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Several functional studies of OA loci were published, including a genome-wide analysis of genetic variation on cartilage gene expression. A specialised data portal for exploring cross-species skeletal transcriptomic datasets has been developed, and the first use of cartilage single cell RNAseq analysis reported. This year also saw the systematic identification of all microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs expressed in human OA cartilage. Putative transcriptional regulatory regions have been mapped in human chondrocytes genome-wide, providing a dataset that will facilitate the prioritisation and characterisation of OA genetic and epigenetic loci.
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Dennis JE, Splawn T, Kean TJ. High-Throughput, Temporal and Dose Dependent, Effect of Vitamins and Minerals on Chondrogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:92. [PMID: 32161755 PMCID: PMC7053227 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered hyaline cartilage is plagued by poor mechanical properties largely due to inadequate type II collagen expression. Of note, commonly used defined chondrogenic media lack 14 vitamins and minerals, some of which are implicated in chondrogenesis. Type II collagen promoter-driven Gaussia luciferase was transfected into ATDC5 cells to create a chondrogenic cell with a secreted-reporter. The reporter cells were used in an aggregate-based chondrogenic culture model to develop a high-throughput analytic platform. This high-throughput platform was used to assess the effect of vitamins and minerals, alone and in combination with TGFβ1, on COL2A1 promoter-driven expression. Significant combinatorial effects between vitamins, minerals, and TGFβ1 in terms of COL2A1 promoter-driven expression and metabolism were discovered. An “optimal” continual supplement of copper and vitamin K in the presence of TGFβ1 gave a 2.5-fold increase in COL2A1 promoter-driven expression over TGFβ1 supplemented media alone in ATDC5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Dennis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Taylor Splawn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas J Kean
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Cheung K, Barter MJ, Falk J, Proctor CJ, Reynard LN, Young DA. Histone ChIP-Seq identifies differential enhancer usage during chondrogenesis as critical for defining cell-type specificity. FASEB J 2020; 34:5317-5331. [PMID: 32058623 PMCID: PMC7187454 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to regulate gene expression during chondrogenesis. In this study, we have characterized the epigenome during the in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into chondrocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next‐generation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) was used to assess a range of N‐terminal posttranscriptional modifications (marks) to histone H3 lysines (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3) in both hMSCs and differentiated chondrocytes. Chromatin states were characterized using histone ChIP‐seq and cis‐regulatory elements were identified in chondrocytes. Chondrocyte enhancers were associated with chondrogenesis‐related gene ontology (GO) terms. In silico analysis and integration of DNA methylation data with chondrogenesis chromatin states revealed that enhancers marked by histone marks H3K4me1 and H3K27ac were de‐methylated during in vitro chondrogenesis. Similarity analysis between hMSC and chondrocyte chromatin states defined in this study with epigenomes of cell‐types defined by the Roadmap Epigenomics project revealed that enhancers are more distinct between cell‐types compared to other chromatin states. Motif analysis revealed that the transcription factor SOX9 is enriched in chondrocyte enhancers. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that chondrocyte enhancers characterized in this study exhibited enhancer activity which may be modulated by DNA methylation and SOX9 overexpression. Altogether, these integrated data illustrate the cross‐talk between different epigenetic mechanisms during chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Cheung
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew J Barter
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julia Falk
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carole J Proctor
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise N Reynard
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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lncRNAs: function and mechanism in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31753016 PMCID: PMC6873685 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), heavier financial and social burdens need to be faced. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory clinical method to target the pathophysiology of cartilage-related diseases. Many gene expressions, signaling pathways, and biomechanical dysregulations were involved in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism was not clearly understood. Recently, lots of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified in the biological processes, including cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration. It is clear that lncRNAs were important in regulating gene expression and maintaining chondrocyte phenotypes and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent researches studying lncRNAs’ expression and function in cartilage development, degeneration, and regeneration and illustrate the potential mechanism of how they act in the pathologic process. With continued efforts, regulating lncRNA expression in the cartilage regeneration may be a promising biological treatment approach.
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Tankyrase inhibition preserves osteoarthritic cartilage by coordinating cartilage matrix anabolism via effects on SOX9 PARylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4898. [PMID: 31653858 PMCID: PMC6814715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease, which involves progressive and irreversible destruction of cartilage matrix. Despite efforts to reconstruct cartilage matrix in osteoarthritic joints, it has been a difficult task as adult cartilage exhibits marginal repair capacity. Here we report the identification of tankyrase as a regulator of the cartilage anabolism axis based on systems-level factor analysis of mouse reference populations. Tankyrase inhibition drives the expression of a cartilage-signature matrisome and elicits a transcriptomic pattern that is inversely correlated with OA progression. Furthermore, tankyrase inhibitors ameliorate surgically induced OA in mice, and stem cell transplantation coupled with tankyrase knockdown results in superior regeneration of cartilage lesions. Mechanistically, the pro-regenerative features of tankyrase inhibition are mainly triggered by uncoupling SOX9 from a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation)-dependent protein degradation pathway. Our findings provide insights into the development of future OA therapies aimed at reconstruction of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis results from the progressive destruction of cartilage matrix. Here, Kim et al. identify tankyrase as a regulator of cartilage matrix anabolism, and find that tankyrase inhibition, by preventing SOX9 PARylation, protects from cartilage destruction in a mouse model of osteoarthritis.
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