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Mulorz J, Mazrekaj A, Sehl J, Arnautovic A, Garabet W, Krott KJ, Schelzig H, Elvers M, Wagenhäuser MU. Relative Thrombus Burden Ratio Reveals Overproportioned Intraluminal Thrombus Growth-Potential Implications for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Clin Med 2024; 13:962. [PMID: 38398275 PMCID: PMC10889130 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: An intraluminal, non-occlusive thrombus (ILT) is a common feature in an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study investigated the relative progression of ILT vs. AAA volume using a novel parameter, the so-called thrombus burden ratio (TBR), in non-treated AAAs. Parameters potentially associated with TBR progression were analyzed and TBR progression in large vs. small and fast- vs. slow-growing AAAs was assessed. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed sequential contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans between 2009 and 2018 from patients with an AAA before surgical treatment. Patients' medical data and CTA scans were analyzed at two given time points. The TBR was calculated as a ratio of ILT and AAA volume, and relative TBR progression was calculated by normalization for time between sequential CTA scans. Spearman's correlation was applied to identify morphologic parameters correlating with TBR progression, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of clinical and morphological parameters with TBR progression. Results: A total of 35 patients were included. The mean time between CT scans was 16 ± 15.9 months. AAA volume progression was 12 ± 3% and ILT volume progression was 36 ± 13%, resulting in a TBR progression of 11 ± 4%, suggesting overproportioned ILT growth. TBR progression was 0.8 ± 0.8% per month. Spearman's correlation verified ILT growth as the most relevant parameter contributing to TBR progression (R = 0.51). Relative TBR progression did not differ significantly in large vs. small and fast- vs. slow-growing AAAs. In the multivariate regression analysis, none of the studied factors were associated with TBR progression. Conclusion: TBR increases during AAA development, indicating an overproportioned ILT vs. AAA volume growth. The TBR may serve as a useful parameter, as it incorporates the ILT volume growth relative to the AAA volume, therefore combining two important parameters that are usually reported separately. Yet, the clinical relevance in helping to identify potential corresponding risk factors and the evaluation of patients at risk needs to be further validated in a larger study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Udo Wagenhäuser
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the elderly is increasing year by year with high mortality. Current treatment is mainly through surgery or endovascular intervention, which is not sufficient to reduce future risk. Therefore, we still need to find an effective conservative measure as an adjunct therapy or early intervention to prevent AAA progression. Traditional therapeutic agents, such as β-receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and statins, have been shown to have limited effects on the growth of AAA. Recently, sodium-glucose cotransport proteins inhibitors (SGLT2is), a new class hypoglycemic drug, have shown outstanding beneficiary effects on cardiovascular diseases by plasma volume reduction, vascular tone regulation, and various unidentified mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that SGLT2i is abundantly expressed in the aorta, and some studies also showed promising results of SGLT2i in treating animal AAA models. This article aims to summarize the recent progress of AAA studies and look forward to the application of SGLT2i in AAA treatment for early intervention or adjunct therapy after surgical repair or stent graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtiao Jin
- Master of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China; and
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
| | - Sizheng Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Master of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, China; and
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increased DNA Damage in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA-SMC). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6237960. [PMID: 36743698 PMCID: PMC9891816 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6237960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for enhanced oxidative stress in the vascular wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are hypothesized to be actors in altered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. However, the role of mitochondria and oxidative stress in vascular remodelling and progression of AAA remains uncertain. We here addressed whether mitochondrial dysfunction is persistently increased in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from AAA compared to healthy VSMC. AAA-derived VSMC cultures (AAA-SMC, n = 10) and normal VSMC cultures derived from healthy donors (n = 7) were grown in vitro and analysed for four parameters, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction: (i) mitochondrial content and morphology, (ii) ROS production and antioxidative response, (iii) NADP+/NADPH content and ratio, and (iv) DNA damage, in the presence or absence of angiotensin II (AngII). AAA-SMC displayed increased mitochondrial circularity (rounded shape), reduced mitochondrial area, and reduced perimeter, indicating increased fragmentation and dysfunction compared to healthy controls. This was accompanied by significantly increased O2 - production, reduced NADP+/NADPH levels, a lower antioxidative response (indicated by antioxidative response element- (ARE-) driven luciferase reporter assays), more DNA damage (determined by percentage of γ-H2A.X-positive nuclei), and earlier growth arrest in AAA-SMC. Our data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are persistently increased in AAA-SMC, emphasizing their implication in the pathophysiology of AAA.
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Edaravone Attenuated Angiotensin II-Induced Atherosclerosis and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081117. [PMID: 36009011 PMCID: PMC9405883 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to define whether edaravone, a free-radical scavenger, influenced angiotensin II (AngII)-induced atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) formation. Methods: Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (8–12 weeks old) were fed with a normal diet for 5 weeks. Either edaravone (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally for 5 weeks. After 1 week of injections, mice were infused subcutaneously with either AngII (1000 ng/kg/min, n = 16–17 per group) or saline (n = 5 per group) by osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks. Results: AngII increased systolic blood pressure equivalently in mice administered with either edaravone or saline. Edaravone had no effect on plasma total cholesterol concentrations and body weights. AngII infusion significantly increased ex vivo maximal diameters of abdominal aortas and en face atherosclerosis but was significantly attenuated by edaravone administration. Edaravone also reduced the incidence of AngII-induced AAAs. In addition, edaravone diminished AngII-induced aortic MMP-2 activation. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that edaravone ameliorated mRNA abundance of aortic MCP-1 and IL-1β. Immunostaining demonstrated that edaravone attenuated oxidative stress and macrophage accumulation in the aorta. Furthermore, edaravone administration suppressed thioglycolate-induced mice peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) accumulation and mRNA abundance of MCP-1 in MPMs in male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. In vitro, edaravone reduced LPS-induced mRNA abundance of MCP-1 in MPMs. Conclusions: Edaravone attenuated AngII-induced AAAs and atherosclerosis in male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via anti-oxidative action and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Morgan S, Lee LH, Halu A, Nicolau JS, Higashi H, Ha AH, Wen JR, Daugherty A, Libby P, Cameron SJ, Mix D, Aikawa E, Owens AP, Singh SA, Aikawa M. Identifying novel mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysm via unbiased proteomics and systems biology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889994. [PMID: 35990960 PMCID: PMC9382335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), characterized by a continued expansion of the aorta, leads to rupture if not surgically repaired. Mice aid the study of disease progression and its underlying mechanisms since sequential studies of aneurysm development are not feasible in humans. The present study used unbiased proteomics and systems biology to understand the molecular relationship between the mouse models of AAA and the human disease. Methods and results Aortic tissues of developing and established aneurysms produced by either angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in Apoe -/- and Ldlr -/- mice or intraluminal elastase incubation in wildtype C57BL/6J mice were examined. Aortas were dissected free and separated into eight anatomical segments for proteomics in comparison to their appropriate controls. High-dimensional proteome cluster analyses identified site-specific protein signatures in the suprarenal segment for AngII-infused mice (159 for Apoe -/- and 158 for Ldlr -/-) and the infrarenal segment for elastase-incubated mice (173). Network analysis revealed a predominance of inflammatory and coagulation factors in developing aneurysms, and a predominance of fibrosis-related pathways in established aneurysms for both models. To further substantiate our discovery platform, proteomics was performed on human infrarenal aortic aneurysm tissues as well as aortic tissue collected from age-matched controls. Protein processing and inflammatory pathways, particularly neutrophil-associated inflammation, dominated the proteome of the human aneurysm abdominal tissue. Aneurysmal tissue from both mouse and human had inflammation, coagulation, and protein processing signatures, but differed in the prevalence of neutrophil-associated pathways, and erythrocyte and oxidative stress-dominated networks in the human aneurysms. Conclusions Identifying changes unique to each mouse model will help to contextualize model-specific findings. Focusing on shared proteins between mouse experimental models or between mouse and human tissues may help to better understand the mechanisms for AAA and establish molecular bases for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Morgan
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arda Halu
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica S. Nicolau
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna H. Ha
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Wen
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Peter Libby
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott J. Cameron
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Doran Mix
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A. Phillip Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Division, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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The Detrimental Role of Intraluminal Thrombus Outweighs Protective Advantage in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Pathogenesis: The Implications for the Anti-Platelet Therapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070942. [PMID: 35883500 PMCID: PMC9313225 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common cardiovascular disease resulting in morbidity and mortality in older adults due to rupture. Currently, AAA treatment relies entirely on invasive surgical treatments, including open repair and endovascular, which carry risks for small aneurysms (diameter < 55 mm). There is an increasing need for the development of pharmacological intervention for early AAA. Over the last decade, it has been increasingly recognized that intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is involved in the growth, remodeling, and rupture of AAA. ILT has been described as having both biomechanically protective and biochemically destructive properties. Platelets are the second most abundant cells in blood circulation and play an integral role in the formation, expansion, and proteolytic activity of ILT. However, the role of platelets in the ILT-potentiated AAA progression/rupture remains unclear. Researchers are seeking pharmaceutical treatment strategies (e.g., anti-thrombotic/anti-platelet therapies) to prevent ILT formation or expansion in early AAA. In this review, we mainly focus on the following: (a) the formation/deposition of ILT in the progression of AAA; (b) the dual role of ILT in the progression of AAA (protective or detrimental); (c) the function of platelet activity in ILT formation; (d) the application of anti-platelet drugs in AAA. Herein, we present challenges and future work, which may motivate researchers to better explain the potential role of ILT in the pathogenesis of AAA and develop anti-platelet drugs for early AAA.
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Correlation Between Proteolytic Activity and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Wall Morphology with Intraluminal Thrombus Volume. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 87:487-494. [PMID: 35779804 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the influence of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) volume on the level of proteolytic activity and the content of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall. METHODS The research was designed as a cross-sectional study at the Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia in the period from April 2017 to February 2018. During this period, a total of 155 patients with asymptomatic AAA underwent open surgical treatment and 50 were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Before surgery, patients included in the study were examined by MRI. During the operation, samples of ILT and AAA wall were taken for biochemical analysis. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was found between the volume of the ILT and largest AAA diameter (ρ = 0.56; P < 0.001). The correlation of the ILT volume on the anterior wall and the concentration of MMP-9, MMP-2 and NE/ELA in the wall did not find statistical significance. Also, no statistically significant association was found between the volume of ILT and the concentration of ECM proteins (collagen type 3, elastin, proteoglycan) in the corresponding part of the wall. The association of ILT volume with MDA was also of no statistical significance. There was a positive statistical significance found in correlation of volume of ILT and catalase activity in the wall of AAA (ρ = 0.28, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The volume of ILT in the aneurysmal sac seemed not to affect the level of proteolytic activity and the content of the aneurysm wall. However, a positive correlation was found between the ILT and the catalase activity. The effect of ILT on the aneurysm wall and its role in the progression of aneurysmal disease should be examined in future studies.
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Ren J, Wu J, Tang X, Chen S, Wang W, Lv Y, Wu L, Yang D, Zheng Y. Ageing- and AAA-associated differentially expressed proteins identified by proteomic analysis in mice. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13129. [PMID: 35637715 PMCID: PMC9147329 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a disease of high prevalence in old age, and its incidence gradually increases with increasing age. There were few studies about differences in the circulatory system in the incidence of AAA, mainly because younger patients with AAA are fewer and more comorbid nonatherosclerotic factors. Method We induced AAA in ApoE-/- male mice of different ages (10 or 24 weeks) and obtained plasma samples. After the top 14 most abundant proteins were detected, the plasma was analyzed by a proteomic study using the data-dependent acquisition (DDA) technique. The proteomic results were compared between different groups to identify age-related differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the circulation that contribute to AAA formation. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed by R software. The top 10 proteins were determined with the MCC method of Cytoscape, and transcription factor (TF) prediction of the DEPs was performed with iRegulon (Cytoscape). Results The aortic diameter fold increase was higher in the aged group than in the youth group (p < 0.01). Overall, 92 DEPs related to age and involved in AAA formation were identified. GO analysis of the DEPs showed enrichment of the terms wounding healing, response to oxidative stress, regulation of body fluid levels, ribose phosphate metabolic process, and blood coagulation. The KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of the terms platelet activation, complement and coagulation cascades, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and ECM-receptor interaction. The top 10 proteins were Tpi1, Eno1, Prdx1, Ppia, Prdx6, Vwf, Prdx2, Fga, Fgg, and Fgb, and the predicted TFs of these proteins were Nfe2, Srf, Epas1, Tbp, and Hoxc8. Conclusion The identified proteins related to age and involved in AAA formation were associated with the response to oxidative stress, coagulation and platelet activation, and complement and inflammation pathways, and the TFs of these proteins might be potential targets for AAA treatments. Further experimental and biological studies are needed to elucidate the role of these age-associated and AAA-related proteins in the progression of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Ren
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanze Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianglin Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Shahri JJ, Saberianpour S, Bayegi SN. Comparison of tissue biomarkers in arterial and vein (arteriovenous fistula) aneurysms. Phlebology 2022; 37:289-295. [DOI: 10.1177/02683555211070189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and objectives Aneurysms are distinguished by inflammation, matrix degradation, and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells. In this study, specialized aneurysms tissue markers including venous and arterial aneurysms were studied. Material and methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted throughout January–September 2021. Tissue samples were collected during surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains, have been utilized to identify different aneurysm types and the morphologic alterations that serve as the foundation for aneurysm diagnosis. Measurement of collagen type III, IV, CCR2, metalloproteinase (2 and 13), and granzyme K was done by ELISA method. Results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by t tests (Graph Pad Prism 8.4.3.686) Results During the period from January to September 2021, 14 patients with peripheral venous and arterial aneurysms were referred to Alavi Vascular Surgery Hospital and underwent surgery. Of these, 10 patients were matched and remained available for study. The level of type 3 collagen was significantly reduced in arterial aneurysm compared to venous aneurysm ( p < 0.05). Granzyme K in arterial aneurysm showed increase compared to venous aneurysm ( p < 0.05). Metalloproteinase 2 in arterial aneurysms higher than venous aneurysm ( p < 0.001). Metalloproteinase 13 in arterial aneurysm also showed increase compared to venous aneurysm ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Results of this study shows differences in the level of tissue biomarkers in arterial and vein (arteriovenous fistula) aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal J Shahri
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad Medical University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Saberianpour
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad Medical University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed N Bayegi
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad Medical University, Mashhad, Iran
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Siennicka A, Adamowicz M, Grzesch N, Kłysz M, Woźniak J, Cnotliwy M, Galant K, Jastrzębska M. Association of Aneurysm Tissue Neutrophil Mediator Levels with Intraluminal Thrombus Thickness in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020254. [PMID: 35204755 PMCID: PMC8961541 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An intraluminal thrombus (ILT), which accumulates large numbers of neutrophils, plays a key role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis. This study aimed to compare levels of selected neutrophil inflammatory mediators in thick and thin ILT, plus adjacent AAA walls, to determine whether levels depend on ILT thickness. Neutrophil mediator levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in thick and thin segments of ILT, plus adjacent aneurysm wall sections, taken from one aneurysm sac each from 36 AAA patients. In aneurysmal walls covered by thick ILT, neutrophil elastase and TNF-a levels were significantly higher, as were concentrations of IL-6, in thick ILT compared to thin layers. Positive correlations of NGAL, MPO, and neutrophil elastase were observed between thick ILT and the adjacent wall and thin ILT and the adjacent wall, suggesting that these mediators probably infiltrate thick AAA compartments as well as thin. These observations might support the idea that neutrophil mediators and inflammatory cytokines differentially accumulate in AAA tissues according to ILT thickness. The increased levels of neutrophil mediators within thicker AAA segments might suggest the existence of an intensified proinflammatory state that in turn presumably might preferentially weaken the AAA wall at that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Siennicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Monika Adamowicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Natalie Grzesch
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Magdalena Kłysz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914661505
| | - Jarosław Woźniak
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Szczecin, Wielkopolska 15, 70-451 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Miłosław Cnotliwy
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Galant
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Maria Jastrzębska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.S.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (M.J.)
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Kessler V, Klopf J, Eilenberg W, Neumayer C, Brostjan C. AAA Revisited: A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors, Management, and Hallmarks of Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:94. [PMID: 35052774 PMCID: PMC8773452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite declining incidence and mortality rates in many countries, the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) continues to represent a life-threatening cardiovascular condition with an overall prevalence of about 2-3% in the industrialized world. While the risk of AAA development is considerably higher for men of advanced age with a history of smoking, screening programs serve to detect the often asymptomatic condition and prevent aortic rupture with an associated death rate of up to 80%. This review summarizes the current knowledge on identified risk factors, the multifactorial process of pathogenesis, as well as the latest advances in medical treatment and surgical repair to provide a perspective for AAA management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.); (J.K.); (W.E.); (C.N.)
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Boyd AJ. Intraluminal thrombus: Innocent bystander or factor in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis? JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:159-169. [PMID: 34617066 PMCID: PMC8489244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) represent a complex multifactorial hemodynamic, thrombotic, and inflammatory process that can ultimately result in aortic rupture and death. Despite improved screening and surgical management of AAAs, the mortality rates have remained high after rupture, and little progress has occurred in the development of nonoperative treatments. Intraluminal thrombus (ILT) is present in most AAAs and might be involved in AAA pathogenesis. The present review examined the latest clinical and experimental evidence for possible involvement of the ILT in AAA growth and rupture. METHODS A literature review was performed after a search of the PubMed database from 2012 to June 2020 using the terms "abdominal aortic aneurysm" and "intraluminal thrombus." RESULTS The structure, composition, and hemodynamics of ILT formation and propagation were reviewed in relation to the hemostatic and proteolytic factors favoring ILT deposition. The potential effects of the ILT on AAA wall degeneration and rupture, including a review of the current controversies regarding the position, thickness, and composition of ILT, are presented. Although initially potentially protective against increased wall stress, increasing evidence has shown that an increased volume and greater age of the ILT have direct detrimental effects on aortic wall integrity, which might predispose to an increased rupture risk. CONCLUSIONS ILT does not appear to be an innocent bystander in AAA pathophysiology. However, its exact role remains elusive and controversial. Despite computational evidence of a possible protective role of the ILT in reducing wall stress, increasing evidence has shown that the ILT promotes AAA wall degeneration in humans and in animal models. Further research, with large animal models and with more chronic ILT is crucial for a better understanding of the role of the ILT in AAAs and for the potential development of targeted therapies to slow or halt AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- April J. Boyd
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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13
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Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Potential Drugs in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050546. [PMID: 34068179 PMCID: PMC8152975 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent aortic disease that causes high mortality due to asymptomatic gradual expansion and sudden rupture. The underlying molecular mechanisms and effective pharmaceutical therapy for preventing AAA progression have not been fully identified. In this study, we identified the key modules and hub genes involved in AAA growth from the GSE17901 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Key genes were further selected and validated in the mouse dataset (GSE12591) and human datasets (GSE7084, GSE47472, and GSE57691). Finally, we predicted drug candidates targeting key genes using the Drug-Gene Interaction database. Overall, we identified key modules enriched in the mitotic cell cycle, GTPase activity, and several metabolic processes. Seven key genes (CCR5, ADCY5, ADCY3, ACACB, LPIN1, ACSL1, UCP3) related to AAA progression were identified. A total of 35 drugs/compounds targeting the key genes were predicted, which may have the potential to prevent AAA progression.
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14
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Zhou M, Wang X, Shi Y, Ding Y, Li X, Xie T, Shi Z, Fu W. Deficiency of ITGAM Attenuates Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019900. [PMID: 33749307 PMCID: PMC8174368 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Integrin αM (CD11b), which is encoded by the Integrin Subunit Alpha M (ITGAM) gene, is not only a surface marker of monocytes but also an essential adhesion molecule. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD11b on experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm was not significantly lower in ITGAM(‐/‐) mice than in control mice. Nevertheless, knockout of CD11b reduced the maximum abdominal aortic diameter, macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression, and elastin and collagen degradation. Additionally, lower expression of IL‐6 was found in both the peripheral blood and abdominal aortas of ITGAM(‐/‐) mice, indicating a biological correlation between CD11b and the inflammatory response in abdominal aortic aneurysm. In vitro, the number of ITGAM(‐/‐) bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) that adhered to endothelial cells was significantly lower than the number of wild‐type BMDMs. Moreover, the CD11b monoclonal antibody and CD11b agonist leukadherin‐1 decreased and increased the number of adherent wild‐type BMDMs, respectively. Through RNA sequencing, genes associated with leukocyte transendothelial migration were found to be downregulated in ITGAM(‐/‐) BMDMs. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry analysis predicted that the Akt pathway might be responsible for the impaired transmigratory ability of ITGAM(‐/‐) BMDMs. The reduced activation of Akt was then confirmed, and the Akt agonist SC79 partially rescued the transendothelial migratory function of ITGAM(‐/‐) BMDMs. Conclusions CD11b might promote the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm by mediating the endothelial cells adhesion and transendothelial migration of circulating monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tianchen Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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15
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Bernal S, Lopez-Sanz L, Jimenez-Castilla L, Prieto I, Melgar A, La Manna S, Martin-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM, Egido J, Gomez-Guerrero C. Protective effect of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1-based therapy in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:564-581. [PMID: 33227156 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and proteolytic activity in the aortic wall. Targeting JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is a promising strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We investigated the vasculo-protective role of suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 (SOCS1), the negative JAK/STAT regulator, in experimental AAA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A synthetic, cell permeable peptide (S1) mimic of SOCS1 kinase inhibitory domain to suppress STAT activation was evaluated in the well-established mouse model of elastase-induced AAA by monitoring changes in aortic diameter, cellular composition and gene expression in abdominal aorta. S1 function was further evaluated in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and macrophages exposed to elastase or elastin-derived peptides. KEY RESULTS S1 peptide prevented AAA development, evidenced by reduced incidence of AAA, aortic dilation and elastin degradation, partial restoration of medial VSMC and decreased inflammatory cells and oxidative stress in AAA tissue. Mechanistically, S1 suppressed STAT1/3 activation in aorta, down-regulated cytokines, metalloproteinases and altered the expression of cell differentiation markers by favouring anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage and contractile VSMC phenotypes. In vitro, S1 suppressed the expression of inflammatory and oxidative genes, reduced cell migration and reversed the phenotypic switch of macrophages and VSMC. By contrast, SOCS1 silencing promoted inflammatory response. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This preclinical study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of SOCS1-derived peptide to halt AAA progression by suppressing JAK/STAT-mediated inflammation and aortic dilation. S1 peptide may therefore be a valuable option for the treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Bernal
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Sanz
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luna Jimenez-Castilla
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Melgar
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara La Manna
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Hu X, Wu T, Wang C, Li J, Ying C. CD248+CD8+ T lymphocytes suppress pathological vascular remodeling in human thoracic aortic aneurysms. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:121-129. [PMID: 32867546 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are characterized by vascular inflammation, neovascularization, and extracellular matrix destruction of the aortic wall. Although experimental studies indicate a potential role of CD248 in microvessel remodeling, the functions of CD248 in human vascular pathologies remain unexplored. Here we aimed to study how CD248 interferes with pathological vascular remodeling of human aortic aneurysms. Immunofluorescent staining showed that CD248 expression was mainly localized in the CD8+ T cells infiltrating in the adventitia and media of aortic walls of patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms. qPCR and immunofluorescent staining analyses revealed increased aortic CD248 expression and infiltrating CD248+CD8+ T cells in aortic aneurysms than in nonaneurysmal aortas. Flow cytometry analysis of human peripheral blood further identified a fraction of circulating CD248+ cells which was confined in the CD8+ T-cell compartment. The increased infiltrating of CD248+CD8+ T cells was coincident with reduced circulating CD248+CD8+ T cells in patients with ascending TAA when compared with patients with coronary artery diseases and healthy donors. The CD248+CD8+ T cells were characterized by upregulated IL-10 and downregulated IL-1β/INF-γ expression when compared with CD248-CD8+ T cells. Moreover, when co-cultured with human aortic endothelial cells, the CD248+CD8+ T cells not only downregulated endothelial expression of ICAM1/VCAM1 and MMP2/3 but also suppressed endothelial migration. This study shows that CD248 reduces pathological vascular remodeling via anti-inflammatory CD248+CD8+ T cells, revealing a CD248-mediated cellular mechanism against human aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Renji Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun Li
- Renji Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
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17
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Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of proteolytic enzyme concentrations and biologic properties of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:1025-1034. [PMID: 32067878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in assessment of biologic activity of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) and proteolytic processes of the abdominal aortic aneurysm wall. METHODS Using MRI, 50 patients with asymptomatic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm were analyzed at the maximum aneurysm diameter on T1-weighted images in the arterial phase after administration of contrast material. Relative ILT signal intensity (SI) was determined as the ratio between ILT SI and psoas muscle SI. During surgery, the full thickness of the ILT and the adjacent part of the aneurysm wall were harvested at the maximal diameter for biochemical analysis. The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and neutrophil elastase (NE/ELA) were analyzed in harvested thrombi, and the concentrations of collagen type III, elastin, and proteoglycans were analyzed in harvested aneurysm walls. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was found between the NE/ELA concentration of the ILT and the relative SI (ρ = 0.309; P = .029). Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the elastin content of the aneurysm wall and the relative SI (ρ = -0.300; P = .034). No correlations were found between relative SI and concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 9, NE/ELA, collagen type III, or proteoglycan 4 in the aneurysm wall. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a potential novel use of MRI in prediction of thrombus proteolytic enzyme concentrations and the extracellular matrix content of the aneurysm wall, thus providing additional information for the risk of potential aneurysm rupture.
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18
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Kelly MJ, Igari K, Yamanouchi D. Osteoclast-Like Cells in Aneurysmal Disease Exhibit an Enhanced Proteolytic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194689. [PMID: 31546645 PMCID: PMC6801460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is among the top 20 causes of death in the United States. Surgical repair is the gold standard for AAA treatment, therefore, there is a need for non-invasive therapeutic interventions. Aneurysms are more closely associated with the osteoclast-like catabolic degradation of the artery, rather than the osteoblast-like anabolic processes of arterial calcification. We have reported the presence of osteoclast-like cells (OLCs) in human and mouse aneurysmal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine OLCs from aneurysmal tissues as a source of degenerative proteases. Aneurysmal and control tissues from humans, and from the mouse CaPO4 and angiotensin II (AngII) disease models, were analyzed via flow cytometry and immunofluorescence for the expression of osteoclast markers. We found higher expression of the osteoclast markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K, and the signaling molecule, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), in aneurysmal tissue compared to controls. Aneurysmal tissues also contained more OLCs than controls. Additionally, more OLCs from aneurysms express HIF-1α, and produce more MMP-9 and cathepsin K, than myeloid cells from the same tissue. These data indicate that OLCs are a significant source of proteases known to be involved in aortic degradation, in which the HIF-1α signaling pathway may play an important role. Our findings suggest that OLCs may be an attractive target for non-surgical suppression of aneurysm formation due to their expression of degradative proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kelly
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Kimihiro Igari
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Dai Yamanouchi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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19
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Majumder S, Ren L, Pushpakumar S, Sen U. Hydrogen sulphide mitigates homocysteine-induced apoptosis and matrix remodelling in mesangial cells through Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascade. Cell Signal 2019; 61:66-77. [PMID: 31085234 PMCID: PMC6561819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular damage and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the glomerulo-interstitial space are the signatures of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with CKD and further contributes to kidney damage. Despite a large number of studies, the signalling mechanism of Hcy-mediated cellular damage and ECM remodelling in kidney remains inconclusive. Hcy metabolizes to produce hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and a number of studies have shown that H2S mitigates the adverse effect of HHcy in a variety of diseases involving several signalling molecules, including forkhead box O (FOXO) protein. FOXO is a group of transcription factor that includes FOXO1, which plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. On the other hand, a cell survival factor, Akt regulates FOXO under normal condition. However, the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 pathway in Hcy-induced mesangial cell damage remains elusive, and whether H2S plays any protective roles has yet to be clearly defined. We treated mouse mesangial cells with or without H2S donor, GYY4137 and FOXO1 inhibitor, AS1842856 in HHcy condition and determined the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascades. Our results indicated that Hcy inactivated Akt and activated FOXO1 by dephosphorylating both the signalling molecules and induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation followed by activation of the FOXO1 transcription factor. These led to the induction of cellular apoptosis and synthesis of excessive ECM protein, in part, due to increased ROS production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reduction in intracellular ATP concentration, increased MMP-2, -9, -14 mRNA and protein expression, and Col I, IV and fibronectin protein expression. Interestingly, GYY4137 or AS1842856 treatment prevented these changes by modulating Akt/FOXO1 axis in HHcy. We conclude that GYY4137 and/or AS1842856 mitigates HHcy induced mesangial cell damage and ECM remodelling by regulating Akt/FOXO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
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