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Mengozzi A, Costantino S, Mongelli A, Mohammed SA, Gorica E, Delfine V, Masi S, Virdis A, Ruschitzka F, Paneni F. Epigenetic Signatures in Arterial Hypertension: Focus on the Microvasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054854. [PMID: 36902291 PMCID: PMC10003673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifaceted disease characterized by accelerated vascular aging and high cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive work in the field, the pathogenesis of AH is still incompletely understood, and its treatment remains challenging. Recent evidence has shown a deep involvement of epigenetic signals in the regulation of transcriptional programs underpinning maladaptive vascular remodeling, sympathetic activation and cardiometabolic alterations, all factors predisposing to AH. After occurring, these epigenetic changes have a long-lasting effect on gene dysregulation and do not seem to be reversible upon intensive treatment or the control of cardiovascular risk factors. Among the factors involved in arterial hypertension, microvascular dysfunction plays a central role. This review will focus on the emerging role of epigenetic changes in hypertensive-related microvascular disease, including the different cell types and tissues (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular adipose tissue) as well as the involvement of mechanical/hemodynamic factors, namely, shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A. Mohammed
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Era Gorica
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Delfine
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: or francesco.paneni@uzh; Tel.: +41-44-6355096
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Yang L, Mo L, Li F, Zhu F, Bai Y. Application of ultrasound microbubble contrast to evaluate the effect of sitaxentan on renal microvascular perfusion in beagles undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 85:115-121. [PMID: 37599525 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effect of sitaxentan on renal microvascular perfusion via application of ultrasound microbubble contrast. METHODS Male beagles were randomly divided into: Sham, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and sitaxentan-infused (Sit) groups (n = 6). The ascending slope rate (ASR), area under the curve (AUC), derived peak intensity, and time to peak (TTP) were obtained via ultrasound microbubble contrast before CPB (T1), after 1 h CPB (T2), at end of CPB (T3), and 2 h after CPB (T4). RESULTS Compared with the Sham group, the CPB group had lower ASR of the renal cortex and medulla at T2 - 4, higher AUC and TTP at T3 - 4, and lower derived peak intensity at T4. The ASR at T2 - 4 in the Sit group was lower, TTP was higher at T2 - 4, and AUC was higher at T3 - 4 (P < 0.05). Compared with the CPB group, the Sit group had higher ASR of the renal cortex and medulla at T3 - 4 and AUC and TTP at T3 - 4 (P < 0.05). Compared with that at T1, the ASR of the renal cortex and medulla at T2 - 4 in the CPB group was lower, and AUC and TTP were higher at T3 - 4. The ASR of the renal cortex and medulla at T2 - 4 in the Sit group was lower, TTP was higher at T2 - 4, and AUC was higher at T4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound microbubble contrast could be effectively used to evaluate renal microvascular perfusion peri-CPB in beagles, which was prone to decrease and could be improved via pretreatment with sitaxentan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liqun Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fuyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fuzu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiping Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
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Hughes WE, Hockenberry J, Miller B, Sorokin A, Beyer AM. Modulation of p66Shc impairs cerebrovascular myogenic tone in low renin but not low nitric oxide models of systemic hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1096-H1102. [PMID: 34714691 PMCID: PMC8834231 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00542.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow and perfusion are tightly maintained through autoregulation despite changes in transmural pressure. Oxidative stress impairs cerebral blood flow, precipitating cerebrovascular events. Phosphorylation of the adaptor protein p66Shc increases mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress. The effect of p66Shc gain or loss of function in nonhypertensive rats is unclear. We hypothesized that p66Shc gain of function would impair autoregulation of cerebral microcirculation under physiological and pathological conditions. Three previously established transgenic [salt-sensitive (SS) background] p66Shc rats were used, p66-Del/SS (express p66Shc with a nine-amino acid deletion), p66Shc-knockout (KO)/SS (frameshift premature termination codon), and p66Shc signaling and knock-in substitution of Ser36Ala (p66Shc-S36A)/SS (substitution of Ser36Ala). The p66Shc-Del were also bred on Sprague-Dawley (SD) backgrounds (p66-Del/SD), and a subset was exposed to a hypertensive stimulus [NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)] for 4 wk. Active and passive diameters to increasing transmural pressure were measured and myogenic tone was calculated in all groups (SS and SD). Myogenic responses to increasing pressure were impaired in p66Shc-Del/SS rats relative to wild-type (WT)/SS and knock-in substitution of Ser36Ala (S36A; P < 0.05). p66-Del/SD rats did not demonstrate changes in active/passive diameters or myogenic tone relative to WT/SD but did demonstrate attenuated passive diameter responses to higher transmural pressure relative to p66-Del/SS. Four weeks of a hypertensive stimulus (l-NAME) did not alter active or passive diameter responses to increasing transmural pressure (P = 0.86-0.99), but increased myogenic responses relative to p66-Del/SD (P < 0.05). Collectively, we demonstrate the functional impact of p66Shc within the cerebral circulation and demonstrate that the genetic background of p66Shc rats largely drives changes in cerebrovascular function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that the modulation of p66Shc signaling impairs cerebral artery myogenic tone in a low renin model of hypertension. This impairment is dependent upon the genetic background, as modulated p66Shc signaling in Sprague-Dawley rats does not impair cerebral artery myogenic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Hughes
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Joe Hockenberry
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bradley Miller
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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p66Shc-mediated hydrogen peroxide production impairs nephrogenesis causing reduction of number of glomeruli. Life Sci 2021; 279:119661. [PMID: 34087282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adaptor protein p66Shc, encoded by Shc1 gene, contributes to the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related diseases. p66Shc ability to promote oxidative stress-related diseases requires phosphorylation of serine 36 residue (Ser36) and depends on translocation of p66Shc to the mitochondria. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal p66Shc-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be critically involved in nephrons development during nephrogenesis. MAIN METHODS We have generated unique mutant rats (termed p66Shc-Del), which express endogenous p66Shc with a 9-amino acid deletion, and lack regulatory Ser36. H2O2 renal production was measured by enzymatic microelectrode biosensors. Nephron numbers in 3-5 weeks old p66Shc-Del rats were quantified using the acid maceration method. KEY FINDINGS p66Shc-Del rats, as wild type salt sensitive rats, display increased mean arterial blood pressure following chronic exposure to a high salt diet. In contrast to wild type rats, p66Shc-Del rats display increased H2O2 renal production and are characterized by a reduction in renal function. The number of glomeruli is significantly reduced in adult p66Shc-Del rats. SIGNIFICANCE Since low nephron number is an established risk factor for kidney disease and hypertension in humans and rodents, our data suggest that H2O2 renal production, caused by irregular signaling of p66Shc, could be critical in regulating nephrogenesis and that abnormal p66Shc signaling negatively impacts kidney development and renal function by increasing susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy and hypertension-induced nephropathy.
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Klemens CA, Chulkov EG, Wu J, Hye Khan MA, Levchenko V, Flister MJ, Imig JD, Kriegel AJ, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Loss of Chloride Channel 6 (CLC-6) Affects Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractility and Arterial Stiffness via Alterations to Golgi Calcium Stores. Hypertension 2021; 77:582-593. [PMID: 33390052 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have found a number of potential genes involved in blood pressure regulation; however, the functional role of many of these candidates has yet to be established. One such candidate gene is CLCN6, which encodes the transmembrane protein, chloride channel 6 (ClC-6). Although the CLCN6 locus has been widely associated with human blood pressure regulation, the mechanistic role of ClC-6 in blood pressure homeostasis at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels is completely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that rats with a functional knockout of ClC-6 on the Dahl Salt-Sensitive rat background (SS-Clcn6) have lower diastolic but not systolic blood pressures. The effect of diastolic blood pressure attenuation was independent of dietary salt exposure in knockout animals. Moreover, SS-Clcn6 rats are protected from hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy and arterial stiffening; however, they have impaired vasodilation and dysregulated intracellular calcium handling. ClC-6 is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells where it is targeted to the Golgi apparatus. Using bilayer electrophysiology, we provide evidence that recombinant human ClC-6 protein can function as a channel. Last, we demonstrate that loss of ClC-6 function reduces Golgi calcium stores, which may play a previously unidentified role in vascular contraction and relaxation signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Collectively, these data indicate that ClC-6 may modulate blood pressure by regulating Golgi calcium reserves, which in turn contribute to vascular smooth muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Klemens
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center (C.A.K., J.W., J.D.I., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Evgeny G Chulkov
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (E.G.C.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Jing Wu
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center (C.A.K., J.W., J.D.I., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Md Abdul Hye Khan
- Department of Pharmacology (M.A.H.K., J.D.I.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Michael J Flister
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology (M.A.H.K., J.D.I.), Medical College of Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center (C.A.K., J.W., J.D.I., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Oleg Palygin
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center (C.A.K., J.W., J.D.I., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- From the Department of Physiology (C.A.K., E.G.C., J.W., V.L., M.J.F., A.J.K., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center (C.A.K., J.W., J.D.I., O.P., A.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin.,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee (A.S.)
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