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Motta LCB, Pereira VM, Pinto PAF, Mançanares CAF, Pieri NCG, de Oliveira VC, Fantinato-Neto P, Ambrósio CE. 3D culture of mesenchymal stem cells from the yolk sac to generate intestinal organoid. Theriogenology 2023; 209:98-106. [PMID: 37379588 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are in vitro models that originated from the three-dimensional culture of stem cells with the ability to reproduce part of the in vivo structural and functional specificities of body organs. Intestinal organoids have great relevance in cell therapy, as they provide more accurate information about tissue composition and architecture in relation to two-dimensional culture, in addition to serving as a study model for host interaction and drug testing. The yolk sac (YS) is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent stem cells with self-renewal ability and potential to differentiated into mesenchymal lineages. Besides this, the YS is responsible for the formation of intestinal epithelium during embryonic development. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if the three-dimensional in vitro culture of stem cells derived from the canine YS is capable of developing intestinal organoids. MSCs from the canine YS and gut cells were isolated and characterized, then three-dimensionally cultured in Matrigel. In both cells lineages, spherical organoids were observed and after 10 days the gut cells formed crypt-like buds and villus-like structures. Despite having the same induction of differentiation process and having the expression of intestinal markers, the MSC from the YS morphology was not in the form of crypt budding. The hypothesis is that these cells could generate structures equivalent to the intestinal organoids of the colon that other studies showed formed only spherical structures. The culture of MSC from the YS, as well as the establishment of protocols for 3D cultivation of this tissue, is relevant, as it will serve as a tool in various applications in basic and scientific biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Castelo Branco Motta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vitória Mattos Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Priscilla Avelino Ferreira Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina Almeida Furlanetto Mançanares
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoi Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato-Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Alleviation of osteoarthritis by intra-articular transplantation of circulating mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:25-32. [PMID: 36332479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Znhit1 and HIF-2α are correlated with cancer stem cell markers in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13918. [PMID: 35978075 PMCID: PMC9385614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have emerged as fundamental players in development and progression of breast cancer (BC). A hypoxic tumour microenvironment regulates the stemness phenotype in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The aim of this study was to investigate Znhit1 and HIF-2α gene expression in breast cancer tissues as well as their relation to CSCs markers LGR5, ALDH1A1 and β-catenin in tissue and serum of BC patients. The present study included 160 females divided into two groups, group I: 80 healthy females served as control group and group II: 80 breast cancer patients. Gene expression of tissue Znhit1 and HIF-2α was determined by qRT-PCR. Tissue and serum ALDH1A1, LGR5 and β-catenin levels were determined by ELISA. We found that gene expression of Znhit1 was significantly downregulated in BC tissues. Moreover, it was significantly negatively correlated with clinical stage and β-catenin levels in BC patients. Regarding HIF-2α, gene expression of HIF-2α was significantly upregulated in BC tissues. Moreover, it was significantly positively correlated with Her-2/neu expression and β-catenin levels in BC patients. Based upon our results, Znhit1 and HIF-2α may serve as novel therapeutic targets for BC therapy. Additionally, each of serum ALDH1A1, LGR5 and β-catenin may play a crucial role in non-invasive detection of BC with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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4
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Zhu M, Fan Z. The role of the Wnt signalling pathway in the energy metabolism of bone remodelling. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13309. [PMID: 35811348 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone remodelling is necessary to repair old and impaired bone caused by aging and its effects. Injury in the process of bone remodelling generally leads to the development of various bone diseases. Energy metabolism plays crucial roles in bone cell formation and function, the disorder of which will disrupt the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we review the intrinsic interactions between bone remodelling and energy metabolism and the role of the Wnt signalling pathway. RESULTS We found a close interplay between metabolic pathways and bone homeostasis, demonstrating that bone plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance. We also discovered that Wnt signalling is associated with multiple biological processes regulating energy metabolism in bone cells. CONCLUSIONS Thus, targeted regulation of Wnt signalling and the recovery of the energy metabolism function of bone cells are key means for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Yang X, Sun C, Meng X, Chen G, Fan T, Zhang C, Chen Z. LGR5 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human thoracic ligamentum flavum cells by Wnt signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3862-3872. [PMID: 35668632 PMCID: PMC9279595 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. Histologically, the development of TOLF can be described as the process of endochondral ossification. However, the underlying aetiology has not been completely clarified. In this investigation, the gene expression profile associated with leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein‐coupled receptors (LGR) and Wnt signalling pathway in the thoracic ligamentum flavum cells (TLFCs) of different ossification stages was analysed via RNA sequencing. We further confirmed the significant differences in the related gene expression profile by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. LGR5 was first identified in primary human TLFCs during osteogenic differentiation. To evaluate the effect of LGR5 on osteogenic differentiation, LGR5 has been knocked down and overexpressed in human TLFCs. We observed that the knockdown of LGR5 inhibited the activity of Wnt signalling and attenuated the potential osteogenic differentiation of TLFCs, while overexpression of LGR5 activated the Wnt signalling pathway and increased osteogenic differentiation. Our results provide important evidence for the potent positive mediatory effects of LGR5 on osteogenesis by enhancing the Wnt signalling pathway in TOLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuiguo Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Ding L, Gu S, Zhou B, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wu S, Zou H, Zhao G, Gao Z, Xu L. Ginsenoside Compound K Enhances Fracture Healing via Promoting Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855393. [PMID: 35462912 PMCID: PMC9020191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractures have an extraordinarily negative impact on an individual’s quality of life and functional status, particularly delayed or non-union fractures. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely related to bone growth and regeneration, and bone modeling and remodeling. Recently Chinese medicine has been extensively studied to promote osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Studies have found that Ginseng can be used as an alternative for tissue regeneration and engineering. Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in clinical practice, and one of its components, Ginsenoside Compound K (CK), has received much attention. Evidence indicates that CK has health-promoting effects in inflammation, atherosclerosis, diabetics, aging, etc. But relatively little is known about its effect on bone regeneration and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this study, CK was found to promote osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) by RT-PCR and Alizarin Red S staining in vitro. Mechanistically, we found CK could promote osteogenesis through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by immunofluorescence staining and luciferase reporter assay. And we also showed that the tube formation capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was increased by CK. Furthermore, using the rat open femoral fracture model, we found that CK could improve fracture repair as demonstrated by Micro-CT, biomechanical and histology staining analysis. The formation of H type vessel in the fracture callus was also increased by CK. These findings provide a scientific basis for treating fractures with CK, which may expand its application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Ding
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Bingyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yage Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siluo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Zhao, ; Zhao Gao, ; Liangliang Xu,
| | - Zhao Gao
- Er Sha Sports Training Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Zhao, ; Zhao Gao, ; Liangliang Xu,
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Zhao, ; Zhao Gao, ; Liangliang Xu,
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7
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Li W, Huang X, Yu W, Xu Y, Huang R, Park J, Moshaverinia A, Arora P, Chen C. Activation of Functional Somatic Stem Cells Promotes Endogenous Tissue Regeneration. J Dent Res 2022; 101:802-811. [PMID: 35114850 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament derived stem cells (PDLSCs) are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types and inducing a promising immunomodulation for tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, it is still challenging to develop a practical approach to activate endogenous stem cells for tissue self-healing and regeneration. In this study, transcriptome analysis reveals that resveratrol promotes PDLSC stemness through activation of stem cell, osteoprogenitor, and chondroprogenitor markers. Self-renewal and multipotent differentiation abilities are also improved in resveratrol-treated PDLSCs. In addition, immunomodulation of PDLSCs is dramatically increased after resveratrol treatment. Mechanistically, we show that resveratrol activates ERK/WNT crosstalk through elevation of olfactory and growth factor signaling pathways to upregulate the expression levels of RUNX2 and FASL for osteogenesis and immunomodulation, respectively. By using a periodontitis animal model, administration of resveratrol partially rescues bone loss through activation of endogenous somatic stem cells and inhibition of inflammatory T-cell infiltration. Taken together, our findings identify a novel pharmacological approach to achieve autotherapies for endogenous tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Arora
- Early-Research Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Nagano K, Yamana K, Saito H, Kiviranta R, Pedroni AC, Raval D, Niehrs C, Gori F, Baron R. R-spondin 3 deletion induces Erk phosphorylation to enhance Wnt signaling and promote bone formation in the appendicular skeleton. eLife 2022; 11:84171. [PMID: 36321691 PMCID: PMC9681208 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Wnt signaling leads to high bone density. The R-spondin family of four secreted glycoproteins (Rspo1-4) amplifies Wnt signaling. In humans, RSPO3 variants are strongly associated with bone density. Here, we investigated the role of Rspo3 in skeletal homeostasis in mice. Using a comprehensive set of mouse genetic and mechanistic studies, we show that in the appendicular skeleton, Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency and Rspo3 targeted deletion in Runx2+ osteoprogenitors lead to an increase in trabecular bone mass, with increased number of osteoblasts and bone formation. In contrast and highlighting the complexity of Wnt signaling in the regulation of skeletal homeostasis, we show that Rspo3 deletion in osteoprogenitors results in the opposite phenotype in the axial skeleton, i.e., low vertebral trabecular bone mass. Mechanistically, Rspo3 deficiency impairs the inhibitory effect of Dkk1 on Wnt signaling activation and bone mass. We demonstrate that Rspo3 deficiency leads to activation of Erk signaling which in turn, stabilizes β-catenin and Wnt signaling activation. Our data demonstrate that Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency/deficiency boosts canonical Wnt signaling by activating Erk signaling, to favor osteoblastogenesis, bone formation, and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagano
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Kei Yamana
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | | | - Dhairya Raval
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Christof Niehrs
- German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB)MainzGermany
| | - Francesca Gori
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Roland Baron
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
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9
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Di DS, Li C, Dai Y, Wei MH, Wang SS, Song WJ, Zhou HL, Cui Y, Zhang RY, Huang Q, Wang Q. Integrative Analysis of LGR5/6 Gene Variants, Gut Microbiota Composition and Osteoporosis Risk in Elderly Population. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765008. [PMID: 34795657 PMCID: PMC8593465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between the common variants of R-spondin/Wnt signaling genes, gut microbiota composition, and osteoporosis (OP) risk in elderly Chinese Han population. Design: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to obtain the OP-associated measurements at multiple skeleton sites among all 1,168 participants. Genotyping data was obtained by using the next-generation sequencing in the discovery stage (n = 400, 228 OP patients) and SNPscan technology in the replication stage (n = 768, 356 OP patients). Bioinformatic analysis was performed to provide more evidence for the genotype-OP associations. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was adopted to explore OP-associated gut microbiota variations. Results: The genetic variants of rs10920362 in the LGR6 gene (P-FDR = 1.19 × 10–6) and rs11178860 in the LGR5 gene (P-FDR = 1.51 × 10–4) were found to associate with OP risk significantly. Several microbial taxa were associated with the BMDs and T-scores at multiple skeleton sites. The associations between rs10920362 and BMD-associated microbiota maintained significance after adjusting confounders. The rs10920362 CT/TT genotype associated with a decreased relative abundance of Actinobacteria (β = −1.32, P < 0.001), Bifidobacteriaceae (β = −1.70, P < 0.001), and Bifidobacterium (β = −1.70, P < 0.001) compared to the CC genotype. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the variants loci of LGR6 may be associate with OP pathogenesis via gut microbiota modifications. The relationship between host genetics and gut microbiome provides new perspectives about OP prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mu-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Bar JK, Lis-Nawara A, Grelewski PG. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112018. [PMID: 34769446 PMCID: PMC8584775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the dental pulp stem (DSC) cell-derived secretome, consisting of various biomolecules, is undergoing intense research. Despite promising in vitro and in vivo studies, most DSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine because the paracrine effect of the bioactive factors secreted by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) is not completely understood. In this review, we outline the current data on the hDPSC- and SHED-derived secretome as a potential candidate in the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and nerve tissue. Published reports demonstrate that the dental MSC-derived secretome/conditional medium may be effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases, neural injuries, cartilage defects, and repairing bone by regulating neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and angiogenic processes through secretome paracrine mechanisms. Dental MSC-secretomes, similarly to the bone marrow MSC-secretome activate molecular and cellular mechanisms, which determine the effectiveness of cell-free therapy. Many reports emphasize that dental MSC-derived secretomes have potential application in tissue-regenerating therapy due to their multidirectional paracrine effect observed in the therapy of many different injured tissues.
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11
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Yang L, He X, Jing G, Wang H, Niu J, Qian Y, Wang S. Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles with Osteogenic Effects as miRNA Carriers to Synergistically Promote Osteogenesis of MSCs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48386-48402. [PMID: 34618442 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient differentiation and poor engraftment hinder the clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cell therapies in regenerative medicine. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles are sheet-like materials with desirable biocompatibility and anion-exchange properties and have been widely applied as drug and nucleotide carriers in the field of tissue repair. However, few studies have focused on the biological effects of LDH itself. In this study, we demonstrated the novel function of LDH in stimulating osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). The expression of osteogenic-related genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposits were significantly increased after LDH treatment. Mechanistic analysis performed with RNA sequencing revealed that LDH promoted osteogenesis by targeting the LGR5/β-catenin axis. LDH also inactivated IKK/NF-κB signaling under LPS-triggered inflamed conditions, suggesting the dual benefits of LDH in enhancing bone regeneration and alleviating the inflammatory response. Furthermore, we utilized LDH as the transport vehicle of the osteoinductive miRNA let-7d to synergistically regulate BMSCs toward the osteoblastic lineage. The LDH/let-7d complex resulted in a better induction of osteogenesis than LDH alone. For cell transplantation, BMSCs were seeded in LDH/let-7d-incorporated fibrin scaffolds, which proved enhanced osteoinduction capability in the subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis model in nude mice. Taken together, this study provides a novel strategy for effective and synergistic improvement of osteogenesis via LDH-mediated delivery of miRNA let-7d, thus shedding light on the future application of LDH in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guoxin Jing
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jintong Niu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yechang Qian
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Lin W, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang M, Lee WYW, Jiang X, Li G. Dynamic regulation of mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum crosstalk during stem cell homeostasis and aging. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:794. [PMID: 34400615 PMCID: PMC8368094 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapy exerts profound therapeutic potential for curing a broad spectrum of diseases. Adult stem cells reside within a specified dynamic niche in vivo, which is essential for continuous tissue homeostatic maintenance through balancing self-renewal with lineage selection. Meanwhile, adult stem cells may be multipotent or unipotent, and are present in both quiescent and actively dividing states in vivo of the mammalians, which may switch to each other state in response to biophysical cues through mitochondria-mediated mechanisms, such as alterations in mitochondrial respiration and metabolism. In general, stem cells facilitate tissue repair after tissue-specific homing through various mechanisms, including immunomodulation of local microenvironment, differentiation into functional cells, cell "empowerment" via paracrine secretion, immunoregulation, and intercellular mitochondrial transfer. Interestingly, cell-source-specific features have been reported between different tissue-derived adult stem cells with distinct functional properties due to the different microenvironments in vivo, as well as differential functional properties in different tissue-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vehicles, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer capacity. Here, we summarized the current understanding on roles of mitochondrial dynamics during stem cell homeostasis and aging, and lineage-specific differentiation. Also, we proposed potential unique mitochondrial molecular signature features between different source-derived stem cells and potential associations between stem cell aging and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communication, as well as potential novel strategies for anti-aging intervention and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shuxun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gang Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Zhang B, Chen G, Chen X, Yang X, Fan T, Sun C, Chen Z. Integrating Bioinformatic Strategies with Real-World Data to Infer Distinctive Immunocyte Infiltration Landscape and Immunologically Relevant Transcriptome Fingerprints in Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3665-3685. [PMID: 34354364 PMCID: PMC8331123 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s318009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a multifactorial disease characterized by an insidious and debilitating process of abnormal bone formation in ligamentum tissues. However, its definite pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Potential links between the immune system and various forms of heterotopic ossification have been discussed for many years, whereas no research investigated the immune effects on the initiation and development of OLF. Therefore, we attempt to shed light on this issue. Methods A series of bioinformatic algorithms were integrated to evaluate the immune score and the immunocyte infiltration patterns between OLF and normal samples, screen OLF-related and immune-related differentially expressed genes (OIDEGs), and analyze their biological functions. Correlation analysis inferred OIDEGs-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (OIDELs) and infiltrating immune cells (OIICs) to construct an immunoregulatory network. Results Differential immune score and immune cell infiltration were determined between two groups, and 10 OIDEGs with diverse biological function annotations were identified and verified. A lncRNA-gene-immunocyte regulatory network further revealed 10 OIDEGs, 41 OIDELs and 7 OIICs that were highly correlated. Among them, CD1E and STAT3 were predicted as hub genes whether at the expression level or interaction level. cDCs emerged as having the most prominent differences and the highest degree of connectivity. FO393414.3, AC096734.1, LINC01137 and DLX6-AS1 with the greatest number of OIDEGs were thought to be more likely to participate in immunoregulation of OLF. Conclusion This is the first research to preliminarily elucidate OLF-related immunocyte infiltration landscape and immune-associated transcriptome signatures based on bioinformatic strategies and real-world data, which may provide compelling insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of OLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Zhang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Fan
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuiguo Sun
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yu W, Xie CR, Chen FC, Cheng P, Yang L, Pan XY. LGR5 enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:889. [PMID: 34194567 PMCID: PMC8237272 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a Wnt-associated gene that contributes to cell proliferation and self-renewal in various organs. LGR5 is expressed in Ewing sarcoma, and LGR5-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells promote fracture healing. However, the effects of LGR5 on osteoblastic differentiation remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the function of LGR5 in osteoblastic differentiation. LGR5 was overexpressed or knocked down in the MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cell line via lentiviral transfection and its function in osteoblastic differentiation was investigated. The mRNA expression levels of the osteoblast differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and collagen type I a1 were determined, and ALP and Alizarin red staining were performed. In addition, the effects of LGR5 modulation on β-catenin and the expression of target genes in the Wnt pathway were investigated. The results revealed that the overexpression of LGR5 promoted osteoblastic differentiation. This was associated with enhancement of the stability of β-catenin and its levels in the cell nucleus, which enabled it to activate Wnt signaling. By contrast, the inhibition of LGR5 decreased the osteogenic capacity of MC3T3-E1 cells. These results indicate that LGR5 is a positive regulator of osteoblastic differentiation, whose effects are mediated through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This suggests suggesting that the regulation of LGR5/Wnt/β-catenin signaling has potential as a therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Ran Xie
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Pei Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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15
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Komatsu DE, Duque E, Hadjiargyrou M. MicroRNAs and fracture healing: Pre-clinical studies. Bone 2021; 143:115758. [PMID: 33212318 PMCID: PMC7769985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During the past several years, pre-clinical experiments have established that microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, serve as key regulatory molecules of fracture healing. Their easy modulation with agonists and antagonists make them highly desirable targets for future therapeutic strategies, especially for pathophysiologic fractures that either do not heal (nonunions) or are delayed. It is now well documented that these problematic fractures lead to human suffering and impairment of life quality. Additionally, financial difficulties are also encountered as work productivity decreases and income is reduced. Moreover, targeting miRNAs may also be an avenue to enhancing normal physiological fracture healing. Herein we present the most current knowledge of the involvement of miRNAs during fracture healing in pre-clinical studies. Following a brief description on the nature of miRNAs and of the fracture healing process, we present data from studies focusing specifically, on miRNA regulation of osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis (within the context of known signaling pathways), chondrocytes, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, all critical to successful bone repair. Further, we also discuss miRNAs and exosomes. We hope that this manuscript serves as a comprehensive review that will facilitate basic/translational scientists in the orthopaedic arena to realize and further decipher the biological and future therapeutic impact of these small regulatory RNA molecules, especially as they relate to the molecular events of each of the major phases of fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Edie Duque
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, United States of America.
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16
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Ni M, Sun W, Li Y, Ding L, Lin W, Peng H, Zheng Q, Sun J, Li J, Liu H, Yang Y, Xu L, Zhang G. Sox11 Modified Tendon-Derived Stem Cells Promote the Repair of Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211053870. [PMID: 34699265 PMCID: PMC8552377 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211053870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a leading cause of mobility impairment which may lead to a total hip replacement. Recent studies have found tendon derived stem cells (TDSCs) might be an ideal cell source for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. And our previous study has shown Sox11 could promote osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, the effect of TDSCs or Sox11 over-expressing TDSCs (TDSCs-Sox11) on bone regeneration in ONFH has not been investigated. In the present study, TDSCs were infected with AAV carrying Sox11 or empty vector. We showed that Sox11 could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs, as well as angiogenesis in vitro. The western blot analysis showed that Sox11 could activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to promote osteogenesis of TDSCs. Finally, using a rabbit model of hormone-induced ONFH, our result demonstrated that local administration of TDSCs or TDSCs overexpressing Sox11 could accelerate bone regeneration in necrotic femoral heads, and TDSCs overexpressing Sox11 showed better effects. TDSCs over-expressing Sox11 might be a promising cell source for stem cell therapy to promote bone regeneration, such as ONFH, fracture, bone defect, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Contributed equally as first authors
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Contributed equally as first authors
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lingli Ding
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Haiwen Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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17
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Arthur A, Gronthos S. Clinical Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Repair Skeletal Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9759. [PMID: 33371306 PMCID: PMC7767389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an escalation in reports over the last decade examining the efficacy of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine-based applications. The multipotent differentiation potential, myelosupportive capacity, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties of BMSC underpins their versatile nature as therapeutic agents. This review addresses the current limitations and challenges of exogenous autologous and allogeneic BMSC based regenerative skeletal therapies in combination with bioactive molecules, cellular derivatives, genetic manipulation, biocompatible hydrogels, solid and composite scaffolds. The review highlights the current approaches and recent developments in utilizing endogenous BMSC activation or exogenous BMSC for the repair of long bone and vertebrae fractures due to osteoporosis or trauma. Current advances employing BMSC based therapies for bone regeneration of craniofacial defects is also discussed. Moreover, this review discusses the latest developments utilizing BMSC therapies in the preclinical and clinical settings, including the treatment of bone related diseases such as Osteogenesis Imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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18
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Wang ZG, He ZY, Liang S, Yang Q, Cheng P, Chen AM. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from human bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:511. [PMID: 33246507 PMCID: PMC7694919 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have shown comprehensive application prospects over the years. Despite performing similar functions, exosomes from different origins present heterogeneous characteristics and components; however, the relative study remains scarce. Lacking of a valuable reference, researchers select source cells for exosome studies mainly based on accessibility and personal preference. Methods In this study, exosomes secreted by MSCs derived from different tissues were isolated, by ultracentrifugation, and proteomics analysis was performed. A total of 1014 proteins were detected using a label-free method. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed their shared function in the extracellular matrix receptor. Bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes showed superior regeneration ability, and adipose tissue MSC-derived exosomes played a significant role in immune regulation, whereas umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes were more prominent in tissue damage repair. Conclusions This study systematically and comprehensively analyzes the human MSC-derived exosomes via proteomics, which reveals their potential applications in different fields, so as to provide a reference for researchers to select optimal source cells in future exosome-related studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02032-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - An-Min Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Ren L, Chen X, Chen X, Li J, Cheng B, Xia J. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Fission and Fusion in Fate Determination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580070. [PMID: 33178694 PMCID: PMC7593605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pivotal to tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration due to their potential for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immune modulation. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that maintain their morphology via continuous fission and fusion, also known as mitochondrial dynamics. MSCs undergo specific mitochondrial dynamics during proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, or aging. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics are key contributors to stem cell fate determination. The coordination of mitochondrial fission and fusion is crucial for cellular function and stress responses, while abnormal fission and/or fusion causes MSC dysfunction. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in MSC commitment under physiological and stress conditions. We highlight mechanistic insights into modulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial strategies for stem cell-based regenerative medicine. These findings shed light on the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics to MSC fate and MSC-based tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Lin W, Xu L, Li G. Molecular Insights Into Lysyl Oxidases in Cartilage Regeneration and Rejuvenation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32426343 PMCID: PMC7204390 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage remains among the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its poor self-repair capacity. The lysyl oxidase family (LOX; also termed as protein-lysine 6-oxidase), mainly consists of lysyl oxidase (LO) and lysyl oxidase-like 1-4 (LOXL1-LOXL4), has been traditionally defined as cuproenzymes that are essential for stabilization of extracellular matrix, particularly cross-linking of collagen and elastin. LOX is essential in the musculoskeletal system, particularly cartilage. LOXs-mediated collagen cross-links are essential for the functional integrity of articular cartilage. Appropriate modulation of the expression or activity of certain LOX members selectively may become potential promising strategy for cartilage repair. In the current review, we summarized the advances of LOX in cartilage homeostasis and functioning, as well as copper-mediated activation of LOX through hypoxia-responsive signaling axis during recent decades. Also, the molecular signaling network governing LOX expression has been summarized, indicating that appropriate modulation of hypoxia-responsive-signaling-directed LOX expression through manipulation of bioavailability of copper and oxygen is promising for further clinical implications of cartilage regeneration, which has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for cartilage rejuvenation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Therefore, targeted regulation of copper-mediated hypoxia-responsive signalling axis for selective modulation of LOX expression may become potential effective therapeutics for enhanced cartilage regeneration and rejuvenation in future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Xu T, Luo Y, Wang J, Zhang N, Gu C, Li L, Qian D, Cai W, Fan J, Yin G. Exosomal miRNA-128-3p from mesenchymal stem cells of aged rats regulates osteogenesis and bone fracture healing by targeting Smad5. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32178675 PMCID: PMC7077029 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been considered an effective therapeutic treatment for a variety of diseases including bone fracture. However, there are associated complications along with MSCs transplantation. There is evidence to show that exosomes (Exos) derived from MSCs exert a similar paracrine function. In addition, repair capabilities of MSCs decline with age. Hence, this study aims to confirm whether the Exos protective function on osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing from aged MSCs was attenuated. This information was used in order to investigate the underlying mechanism. MSCs were successfully isolated and identified from young and aged rats, and Exos were then obtained. Aged-Exos exhibited significantly attenuated effects on MSCs osteogenic differentiation in vitro and facture healing in vivo. Using miRNA array analysis, it was shown that miR-128-3p was markedly upregulated in Aged-Exos. In vitro experiments confirmed that Smad5 is a direct downstream target of miR-128-3p, and was inhibited by overexpressed miR-128-3p. A series gain- and loss- function experiment indicated that miR-128-3P serves a suppressor role in the process of fracture healing. Furthermore, effects caused by miR-128-3P mimic/inhibitor were reversed by the application of Smad5/siSmad5. Taken together, these results suggest that the therapeutic effects of MSCs-derived Exos may vary according to differential expression of miRNAs. Exosomal miR-128-3P antagomir may act as a promising therapeutic strategy for bone fracture healing, especially for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Guo J, Ren R, Yao X, Ye Y, Sun K, Lin J, Wang G, Guo F, Xiao J, Xu T. PKM2 suppresses osteogenesis and facilitates adipogenesis by regulating β-catenin signaling and mitochondrial fusion and fission. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3976-3992. [PMID: 32096765 PMCID: PMC7066892 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation dysfunction is a common pathological phenotype of several prevalent metabolic and genetic bone diseases. Pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) regulates the last step of glycolysis, and its role in BMSCs differentiation is still unknown. In this study, the influence of PKM2 on osteogenesis and adipogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo. We found that DASA-58 (the activator of PKM2) reduced the enzymatic activity of ALP, and inhibited the levels of osteogenic marker genes, especially RUNX2, which is a crucial transcription factor for osteogenesis. Besides, we provided evidence that C3k, an inhibitor of PKM2, caused increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and maintained low levels of ROS, and promoted mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, after treatment with DASA-58, the level of active β-catenin gradually decreased, which also inhibited the transport of active β-catenin into the nucleus, but C3k obviously promoted its nuclear translocation. As for adipogenesis, PKM2 activation increased the expression of adipogenic related genes and decreased active-β-catenin expression, whereas treatment of C3k had the opposite effect. In addition, C3k significantly attenuated ovariectomy-induced trabecular bone loss in vivo. Our findings helped uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying PKM2 regulation of BMSCs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranyue Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Genchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Xu L, Lin W, Wen L, Li G. Lgr5 in cancer biology: functional identification of Lgr5 in cancer progression and potential opportunities for novel therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 31358061 PMCID: PMC6664754 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading lethal diseases worldwide. Identifying biomarkers of cancers might provide insights into the strategies for the development of novel targeted anti-cancer therapies. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) has been recently discovered as a candidate marker of cancer stem cell populations. Aberrant increased expression of Lgr5 may represent one of the most common molecular alterations in some human cancers, leading to long-term potentiation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. On the other hand, however, Lgr5-mediated suppression in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling has also been reported in certain cancers, such as B cell malignancies. Until now, therapeutic approaches targeting Lgr5-associated signaling axis are not yet clinically available. Increasing evidence have indicated that endogenous Lgr5+ cell population is implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This review is to summarize our current knowledge about the importance of Lgr5 in cancer biology and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Lgr5-mediated tumor-promoting/suppressive activities, as well as potentially useful preventive strategies in treating tumor. Therefore, targeted therapeutic modulation of Lgr5+ cancer cell population by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling through targeted drug delivery system or targeted genome editing might be promising for potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Simultaneously, combination of therapeutics targeting both Lgr5+ and Lgr5- cancer cells may deserve further consideration considering the plasticity of cancer cells. Also, a more specific targeting of cancer cells using double biomarkers may be much safer and more effective for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Longping Wen
- Nanobio Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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