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Khampang S, Lorthongpanich C, Laowtammathron C, Klaihmon P, Meesa S, Suksomboon W, Jiamvoraphong N, Kheolamai P, Luanpitpong S, Easley CA, Mahyari E, Issaragrisil S. The dynamic expression of YAP is essential for the development of male germ cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15732. [PMID: 38977826 PMCID: PMC11231333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
YAP plays a vital role in controlling growth and differentiation in various cell lineages. Although the expression of YAP in mice testicular and spermatogenic cells suggests its role in mammalian spermatogenesis, the role of YAP in the development of human male germ cells has not yet been determined. Using an in vitro model and a gene editing approach, we generated human spermatogonia stem cell-like cells (hSSLCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and investigated the role of YAP in human spermatogenesis. The results showed that reducing YAP expression during the early stage of spermatogenic differentiation increased the number of PLZF+ hSSLCs and haploid spermatid-like cells. We also demonstrated that the up-regulation of YAP is essential for maintaining spermatogenic cell survival during the later stages of spermatogenic differentiation. The expression of YAP that deviates from this pattern results in a lower number of hSSLCs and an increased level of spermatogenic cell death. Taken together, our result demonstrates that the dynamic expression pattern of YAP is essential for human spermatogenesis. Modulating the level of YAP during human spermatogenesis could improve the production yield of male germ cells derived from hESCs, which could provide the optimization method for in vitro gametogenesis and gain insight into the application in the treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujittra Khampang
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanchao Lorthongpanich
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Chuti Laowtammathron
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Phatchanat Klaihmon
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Meesa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Wichuda Suksomboon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Jiamvoraphong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Charles A Easley
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Eisa Mahyari
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Bangkok Hematology Center, Wattanosoth Hospital, BDMS Center of Excellence for Cancer, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand
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Seong H, Song JW, Lee KH, Jang G, Shin DM, Shon WJ. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 regulates Western diet-induced male infertility. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159433. [PMID: 38007088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Western diet (WD), characterized by a high intake of fats and sugary drinks, is a risk factor for male reproductive impairment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3), activated by ligands of WD, is highly expressed in extra-oral tissues, particularly in the testes. Here, we investigated to determine the effects of WD intake on male reproduction and whether TAS1R3 mediates WD-induced impairment in male reproduction. Male C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) and Tas1r3 knockout (KO) mice were fed either a normal diet and plain water (ND) or a 60 % high-fat-diet and 30 % (w/v) sucrose water (WD) for 18 weeks (n = 7-9/group). Long-term WD consumption significantly impaired sperm count, motility and testicular morphology in WT mice with marked Tas1r3 overexpression, whereas Tas1r3 KO mice were protected from WD-induced reproductive impairment. Testicular transcriptome analysis revealed downregulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and significantly elevated AMPK-targeted nuclear receptor 4A1 (Nr4a1) expression in WD-fed Tas1r3 KO mice. In vitro studies further validated that Tas1r3 knockdown in Leydig cells prevented the suppression of Nr4a1 and downstream steroidogenic genes (Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd3b1) caused by high glucose, fructose, and palmitic acid levels, and maintained the levels of testosterone. Additionally, we analyzed the public human dataset to assess the clinical implications of our findings and confirmed a significant association between TAS1R3 and male-infertility-related diseases. Our findings suggest that TAS1R3 regulates WD-induced male reproductive impairment via the AMPK/NR4A1 signaling and can be a novel therapeutic target for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobin Seong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Jeong Shon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Tian Y, Yu F, Yun E, Lin JW, Man HY. mRNA nuclear retention reduces AMPAR expression and promotes autistic behavior in UBE3A-overexpressing mice. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1282-1309. [PMID: 38316900 PMCID: PMC10933332 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
UBE3A is a common genetic factor in ASD etiology, and transgenic mice overexpressing UBE3A exhibit typical autistic-like behaviors. Because AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate most of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, and synaptic dysregulation is considered one of the primary cellular mechanisms in ASD pathology, we investigate here the involvement of AMPARs in UBE3A-dependent ASD. We show that expression of the AMPAR GluA1 subunit is decreased in UBE3A-overexpressing mice, and that AMPAR-mediated neuronal activity is reduced. GluA1 mRNA is trapped in the nucleus of UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, suppressing GluA1 protein synthesis. Also, SARNP, an mRNA nuclear export protein, is downregulated in UBE3A-overexpressing neurons, causing GluA1 mRNA nuclear retention. Restoring SARNP levels not only rescues GluA1 mRNA localization and protein expression, but also normalizes neuronal activity and autistic behaviors in mice overexpressing UBE3A. These findings indicate that SARNP plays a crucial role in the cellular and behavioral phenotypes of UBE3A-induced ASD by regulating nuclear mRNA trafficking and protein translation of a key AMPAR subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eunice Yun
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Wang H, Wang X, Li T, An X, Chen N, Shi H, Su M, Ma K, Hao Z, Duan X, Ma Y. Differential tissue expression of sex steroid-synthesizing enzyme CYP11A1 in male Tibetan sheep ( Ovis aries). Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2900-2909. [PMID: 36169054 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2125401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Steroid metabolism is a fundament to testicular development and function. The cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP11A1) is a key rate-limiting enzyme for catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. However, despite its importance, what expression and roles of CYP11A1 possesses and how it regulates the testicular development and spermatogenesis in Tibetan sheep remains largely unknown. Based on this, we evaluated the expression and localization patterns of CYP11A1 in testes and epididymides of Tibetan sheep at three developmental stages (three-month-old, pre-puberty; one-year-old, sexual maturity and three-year-old, adult) by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence. The results showed that CYP11A1 mRNA and protein were expressed in testes and epididymides throughout the development stages and obviously more intense in one- and three-year-old groups than three-month-old group (except for the caput epididymidis). Immunofluorescence assay showed that the CYP11A1 protein was mainly located in Leydig cells and epididymal epithelial cells. In addition, positive signals of CYP11A1 protein were observed in germ cells, epididymal connective tissue and sperms stored in the epididymal lumen. Collectively, these results suggested that the CYP11A1 gene might be mainly involved in regulating spermatogenesis and androgen synthesis in developmental Tibetan sheep testis and epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nana Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Manchun Su
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keyan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinming Duan
- Nongfayuan (Zhejiang) Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Minqin, China
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Dual role of NR4A1 in porcine ovarian granulosa cell differentiation and granulosa-lutein cell regression in vitro. Theriogenology 2023; 198:292-304. [PMID: 36634443 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of NR4A1 in forskolin (FSK)-induced granulosa cell (GC) differentiation and PGF2α-induced granulosa-lutein cell (GLC) regression. For experiment 1, primary porcine GCs were pre-cultured for 6 d before induced-differentiation by FSK with or without siNR4A1, and changes in GC proliferation, lipid droplets (LDs), and P4 level were detected. For experiment 2, the GLC model was established by FSK as in experiment 1, and then PGF2α was utilized to induce GLC regression with or without siNR4A1, changes in P4 secretion, apoptosis proteins, and associated signaling pathway members were detected. Results showed that in experiment 1, FSK up-regulated NR4A1 expression during GC differentiation and decreased GC proliferation activity, which was reversed by siNR4A1. siNR4A1 inhibited the FSK-induced decreases in Cyclin B1/D1 and CDK1/2 mRNA abundances, and increases in P21/P27 mRNA abundances, and FSK-induced LD accumulation. FSK up-regulated P4 secretion and StAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B expression, decreased CYP19A1 expression, which were reversed by siNR4A1 except for StAR expression. In experiment 2, PGF2α induced NR4A1 expression and reduced GLC viability, which were reversed by siNR4A1. Compared with PGF2α group, the levels of P4 secretion and StAR expression were higher in PGF2α+siNR4A1 group, while CYP11A1 and HSD3B expressions held at low levels. siNR4A1 inhibited PGF2α-induced expression of apoptosis proteins (caspase3, Bax, Fas, TNFa), ATF3, and phosphorylated MAPKs (ERK1/2, P38, JNK). In summary, NR4A1 is involved in regulating porcine GC differentiation and GLC regression as well as the changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and MAPK pathways, which provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of porcine luteal formation and regression.
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Jeong MG, Kim HK, Lee G, Won HY, Yoon DH, Hwang ES. TAZ promotes PDX1-mediated insulinogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:186. [PMID: 35279781 PMCID: PMC11071806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a key mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway and regulates structural and functional homeostasis in various tissues. TAZ activation is associated with the development of pancreatic cancer in humans, but it is unclear whether TAZ directly affects the structure and function of the pancreas. So we sought to identify the TAZ function in the normal pancreas. TAZ defect caused structural changes in the pancreas, particularly islet cell shrinkage and decreased insulin production and β-cell markers expression, leading to hyperglycemia. Interestingly, TAZ physically interacted with the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), a key insulin transcription factor, through the N-terminal domain of TAZ and the homeodomain of PDX1. TAZ deficiency decreased the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of PDX1, whereas TAZ overexpression promoted PDX1 activity and increased insulin production even in a low glucose environment. Indeed, high glucose increased insulin production by turning off the Hippo pathway and inducing TAZ activation in pancreatic β-cells. Ectopic TAZ overexpression along with PDX1 activation was sufficient to produce insulin in non-β-cells. TAZ deficiency impaired the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), whereas TAZ recovery restored normal IPCs differentiation. Compared to WT control, body weight increased in TAZ-deficient mice with age and even more with a high-fat diet (HFD). TAZ deficiency significantly exacerbated HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Therefore, TAZ deficiency impaired pancreatic insulin production, causing hyperglycemia and exacerbating HFD-induced insulin resistance, indicating that TAZ may have a beneficial effect in treating insulin deficiency in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Gibbeum Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Won
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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Choi Y, Lee EG, Lee G, Jeong MG, Kim HK, Oh JH, Kwon SW, Hwang ES. Amodiaquine promotes testosterone production and de novo synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides in Leydig cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100152. [PMID: 34808194 PMCID: PMC8666709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is a hormone essential for male reproductive function. It is produced primarily by Leydig cells in the testicle through activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and a series of steroidogenic enzymes, including a cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (cytochome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1), 17α-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. These steroidogenic enzymes are mainly regulated at the transcriptional level, and their expression is increased by the nuclear receptor 4A1. However, the effect on Leydig cell function of a small molecule-activating ligand, amodiaquine (AQ), is unknown. We found that AQ effectively and significantly increased testosterone production in TM3 and primary Leydig cells through enhanced expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Concurrently, AQ dose-dependently increased the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, through induction of the transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of nuclear receptor 4A1, contributing to increased cholesterol synthesis in Leydig cells. Furthermore, AQ increased the expression of fatty acid synthase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase and potentiated de novo synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides (TGs). Lipidomics profiling further confirmed a significant elevation of intracellular lipid and TG levels by AQ in Leydig cells. These results demonstrated that AQ effectively promotes testosterone production and de novo synthesis of cholesterol and TG in Leydig cells, indicating that AQ may be beneficial for treating patients with Leydig cell dysfunction and subsequent testosterone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gibbeum Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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Jeong MG, Kim HK, Hwang ES. The essential role of TAZ in normal tissue homeostasis. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:253-262. [PMID: 33770379 PMCID: PMC8009801 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been extensively characterized in organ development, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. In particular, TAZ functions as a Hippo mediator that regulates organ size, tumor growth and migration. It is highly expressed in various types of human cancer, and has been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis and poor outcomes in cancer patients, suggesting that TAZ is an oncogenic regulator. Yes-associated protein (YAP) has 60% similarity in amino acid sequence to TAZ and plays redundant roles with TAZ in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Therefore, TAZ and YAP, which are encoded by paralogous genes, are referred to as TAZ/YAP and are suggested to be functionally equivalent. Despite its similarity to YAP, TAZ can be clearly distinguished from YAP based on its genetic, structural, and functional aspects. In addition, targeting superabundant TAZ can be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment; however, persistent TAZ inactivation may cause failure of tissue homeostatic control. This review focuses primarily on TAZ, not YAP, discusses its structural features and physiological functions in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, and provides new insights into the drug development targeting TAZ to control reproductive and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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