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Ellis MJ, Lekka C, Holden KL, Tulmin H, Seedat F, O'Brien DP, Dhayal S, Zeissler ML, Knudsen JG, Kessler BM, Morgan NG, Todd JA, Richardson SJ, Stefana MI. Identification of high-performing antibodies for the reliable detection of Tau proteoforms by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:87. [PMID: 38761203 PMCID: PMC11102361 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential research tools whose performance directly impacts research conclusions and reproducibility. Owing to its central role in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, hundreds of distinct antibody clones have been developed against the microtubule-associated protein Tau and its multiple proteoforms. Despite this breadth of offer, limited understanding of their performance and poor antibody selectivity have hindered research progress. Here, we validate a large panel of Tau antibodies by Western blot (79 reagents) and immunohistochemistry (35 reagents). We address the reagents' ability to detect the target proteoform, selectivity, the impact of protein phosphorylation on antibody binding and performance in human brain samples. While most antibodies detected Tau at high levels, many failed to detect it at lower, endogenous levels. By WB, non-selective binding to other proteins affected over half of the antibodies tested, with several cross-reacting with the related MAP2 protein, whereas the "oligomeric Tau" T22 antibody reacted with monomeric Tau by WB, thus calling into question its specificity to Tau oligomers. Despite the presumption that "total" Tau antibodies are agnostic to post-translational modifications, we found that phosphorylation partially inhibits binding for many such antibodies, including the popular Tau-5 clone. We further combine high-sensitivity reagents, mass-spectrometry proteomics and cDNA sequencing to demonstrate that presumptive Tau "knockout" human cells continue to express residual protein arising through exon skipping, providing evidence of previously unappreciated gene plasticity. Finally, probing of human brain samples with a large panel of antibodies revealed the presence of C-term-truncated versions of all main Tau brain isoforms in both control and tauopathy donors. Ultimately, we identify a validated panel of Tau antibodies that can be employed in Western blotting and/or immunohistochemistry to reliably detect even low levels of Tau expression with high selectivity. This work represents an extensive resource that will enable the re-interpretation of published data, improve reproducibility in Tau research, and overall accelerate scientific progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ellis
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Lekka
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Katie L Holden
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Hanna Tulmin
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Faheem Seedat
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 3, Oxford, UK
| | - Darragh P O'Brien
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Zeissler
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Radcliffe, UK
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Group, Department of Clinical & Biomedical Sciences, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter, RILD Building, Exeter, UK
| | - M Irina Stefana
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
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Vavougios GD, Mavridis T, Doskas T, Papaggeli O, Foka P, Hadjigeorgiou G. SARS-CoV-2-Induced Type I Interferon Signaling Dysregulation in Olfactory Networks Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4565-4579. [PMID: 38785545 PMCID: PMC11119810 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon signaling (IFN-I) perturbations are major drivers of COVID-19. Dysregulated IFN-I in the brain, however, has been linked to both reduced cognitive resilience and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Previous works from our group have proposed a model where peripheral induction of IFN-I may be relayed to the CNS, even in the absence of fulminant infection. The aim of our study was to identify significantly enriched IFN-I signatures and genes along the transolfactory route, utilizing published datasets of the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb amygdala transcriptomes of COVID-19 patients. We furthermore sought to identify these IFN-I signature gene networks associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and risk. Gene expression data involving the nasal epithelium, olfactory bulb, and amygdala of COVID-19 patients and transcriptomic data from Alzheimer's disease patients were scrutinized for enriched Type I interferon pathways. Gene set enrichment analyses and gene-Venn approaches were used to determine genes in IFN-I enriched signatures. The Agora web resource was used to identify genes in IFN-I signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease risk based on its aggregated multi-omic data. For all analyses, false discovery rates (FDR) <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Pathways associated with type I interferon signaling were found in all samples tested. Each type I interferon signature was enriched by IFITM and OAS family genes. A 14-gene signature was associated with COVID-19 CNS and the response to Alzheimer's disease pathology, whereas nine genes were associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease based on Agora. Our study provides further support to a type I interferon signaling dysregulation along the extended olfactory network as reconstructed herein, ranging from the nasal epithelium and extending to the amygdala. We furthermore identify the 14 genes implicated in this dysregulated pathway with Alzheimer's disease pathology, among which HLA-C, HLA-B, HLA-A, PSMB8, IFITM3, HLA-E, IFITM1, OAS2, and MX1 as genes with associated conferring increased risk for the latter. Further research into its druggability by IFNb therapeutics may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Theodoros Mavridis
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital (TUH)/The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital (AMNCH), D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland;
| | | | - Olga Papaggeli
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (O.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Pelagia Foka
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 115 21 Athens, Greece; (O.P.); (P.F.)
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Balczon R, Lin MT, Voth S, Nelson AR, Schupp JC, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Stevens T. Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:533-587. [PMID: 37561137 PMCID: PMC11281824 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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Renema P, Pittet JF, Brandon AP, Leal SM, Gu S, Promer G, Hackney A, Braswell P, Pickering A, Rafield G, Voth S, Balczon R, Lin MT, Morrow KA, Bell J, Audia JP, Alvarez D, Stevens T, Wagener BM. Tau and Aβ42 in lavage fluid of pneumonia patients are associated with end-organ dysfunction: A prospective exploratory study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298816. [PMID: 38394060 PMCID: PMC10889620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial pneumonia and sepsis are both common causes of end-organ dysfunction, especially in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Pre-clinical data demonstrate that bacterial pneumonia and sepsis elicit the production of cytotoxic tau and amyloids from pulmonary endothelial cells, which cause lung and brain injury in naïve animal subjects, independent of the primary infection. The contribution of infection-elicited cytotoxic tau and amyloids to end-organ dysfunction has not been examined in the clinical setting. We hypothesized that cytotoxic tau and amyloids are present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of critically ill patients with bacterial pneumonia and that these tau/amyloids are associated with end-organ dysfunction. METHODS Bacterial culture-positive and culture-negative mechanically ventilated patients were recruited into a prospective, exploratory observational study. Levels of tau and Aβ42 in, and cytotoxicity of, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. Cytotoxic tau and amyloid concentrations were examined in comparison with patient clinical characteristics, including measures of end-organ dysfunction. RESULTS Tau and Aβ42 were increased in culture-positive patients (n = 49) compared to culture-negative patients (n = 50), independent of the causative bacterial organism. The mean age of patients was 52.1 ± 16.72 years old in the culture-positive group and 52.78 ± 18.18 years old in the culture-negative group. Males comprised 65.3% of the culture-positive group and 56% of the culture-negative group. Caucasian culture-positive patients had increased tau, boiled tau, and Aβ42 compared to both Caucasian and minority culture-negative patients. The increase in cytotoxins was most evident in males of all ages, and their presence was associated with end-organ dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial infection promotes the generation of cytotoxic tau and Aβ42 within the lung, and these cytotoxins contribute to end-organ dysfunction among critically ill patients. This work illuminates an unappreciated mechanism of injury in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoibe Renema
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Angela P. Brandon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sixto M. Leal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steven Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Grace Promer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hackney
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Phillip Braswell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Andrew Pickering
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Grace Rafield
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ron Balczon
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mike T. Lin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - K. Adam Morrow
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jessica Bell
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jonathon P. Audia
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Diego Alvarez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, Texas, United States of America
| | - Troy Stevens
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Brant M. Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Tuckey AN, Brandon A, Eslaamizaad Y, Siddiqui W, Nawaz T, Clarke C, Sutherland E, Williams V, Spadafora D, Barrington RA, Alvarez DF, Mulekar MS, Simmons JD, Fouty BW, Audia JP. Amyloid-β and caspase-1 are indicators of sepsis and organ injury. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00572-2023. [PMID: 38410714 PMCID: PMC10895426 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00572-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that results from a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction. Despite the prevalence and associated socioeconomic costs, treatment of sepsis remains limited to antibiotics and supportive care, and a majority of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors develop long-term cognitive complications post-discharge. The present study identifies a novel regulatory relationship between amyloid-β (Aβ) and the inflammasome-caspase-1 axis as key innate immune mediators that define sepsis outcomes. Methods Medical ICU patients and healthy individuals were consented for blood and clinical data collection. Plasma cytokine, caspase-1 and Aβ levels were measured. Data were compared against indices of multiorgan injury and other clinical parameters. Additionally, recombinant proteins were tested in vitro to examine the effect of caspase-1 on a functional hallmark of Aβ, namely aggregation. Results Plasma caspase-1 levels displayed the best predictive value in discriminating ICU patients with sepsis from non-infected ICU patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.7080). Plasma caspase-1 and the Aβ isoform Aβx-40 showed a significant positive correlation and Aβx-40 associated with organ injury. Additionally, Aβ plasma levels continued to rise from time of ICU admission to 7 days post-admission. In silico, Aβ harbours a predicted caspase-1 cleavage site, and in vitro studies demonstrated that caspase-1 cleaved Aβ to inhibit its auto-aggregation, suggesting a novel regulatory relationship. Conclusions Aβx-40 and caspase-1 are potentially useful early indicators of sepsis and its attendant organ injury. Additionally, Aβx-40 has emerged as a potential culprit in the ensuing development of post-ICU syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Tuckey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Arcole Brandon
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Yasaman Eslaamizaad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Waqar Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Talha Nawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Christopher Clarke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Erica Sutherland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Veronica Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of South Alabama University Hospital
| | - Domenico Spadafora
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resources Laboratory, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Robert A. Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resources Laboratory, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Diego F. Alvarez
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Madhuri S. Mulekar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama College of Arts and Sciences
| | - Jon D. Simmons
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Surgery, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Brian W. Fouty
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
| | - Jonathon P. Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine
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Teixeira Nunes M, Retailleau P, Raoux-Barbot D, Comisso M, Missinou AA, Velours C, Plancqueel S, Ladant D, Mechold U, Renault L. Functional and structural insights into the multi-step activation and catalytic mechanism of bacterial ExoY nucleotidyl cyclase toxins bound to actin-profilin. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011654. [PMID: 37747912 PMCID: PMC10553838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ExoY virulence factors are members of a family of bacterial nucleotidyl cyclases (NCs) that are activated by specific eukaryotic cofactors and overproduce cyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in host cells. ExoYs act as actin-activated NC toxins. Here, we explore the Vibrio nigripulchritudo Multifunctional-Autoprocessing Repeats-in-ToXin (MARTX) ExoY effector domain (Vn-ExoY) as a model for ExoY-type members that interact with monomeric (G-actin) instead of filamentous (F-actin) actin. Vn-ExoY exhibits moderate binding affinity to free or profilin-bound G-actin but can capture the G-actin:profilin complex, preventing its spontaneous or VASP- or formin-mediated assembly at F-actin barbed ends in vitro. This mechanism may prolong the activated cofactor-bound state of Vn-ExoY at sites of active actin cytoskeleton remodelling. We present a series of high-resolution crystal structures of nucleotide-free, 3'-deoxy-ATP- or 3'-deoxy-CTP-bound Vn-ExoY, activated by free or profilin-bound G-actin-ATP/-ADP, revealing that the cofactor only partially stabilises the nucleotide-binding pocket (NBP) of NC toxins. Substrate binding induces a large, previously-unidentified, closure of their NBP, confining catalytically important residues and metal cofactors around the substrate, and facilitating the recruitment of two metal ions to tightly coordinate the triphosphate moiety of purine or pyrimidine nucleotide substrates. We validate critical residues for both the purinyl and pyrimidinyl cyclase activity of NC toxins in Vn-ExoY and its distantly-related ExoY from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which specifically interacts with F-actin. The data conclusively demonstrate that NC toxins employ a similar two-metal-ion mechanism for catalysing the cyclisation of nucleotides of different sizes. These structural insights into the dynamics of the actin-binding interface of actin-activated ExoYs and the multi-step activation of all NC toxins offer new perspectives for the specific inhibition of class II bacterial NC enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Teixeira Nunes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dorothée Raoux-Barbot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Martine Comisso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anani Amegan Missinou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Velours
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Plancqueel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Undine Mechold
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Louis Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Yang H, Wang Y, Fan H, Liu F, Feng H, Li X, Chu M, Pan E, Teng D, Chen H, Dong J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enhances cytotoxicity in mouse macrophages in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent way. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1027-1036. [PMID: 37961804 PMCID: PMC10646396 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
随着铜绿假单胞菌(铜绿)的耐药性逐年增强,铜绿感染已经成为公共医疗卫生的重点关注问题。线粒体自噬及其介导的线粒体功能障碍在多种细菌感染中已被报道,但线粒体功能障碍在宿主调控铜绿感染中的作用尚不明确。因此,本研究建立铜绿刺激小鼠巨噬细胞感染模型和小鼠急性铜绿感染模型,探讨铜绿是否通过诱导线粒体自噬改变线粒体功能,进而影响宿主免疫炎症反应和细胞毒性,并通过监测生存率和肺组织病理学变化进一步确定线粒体自噬在小鼠铜绿体内感染模型中的作用。结果表明,铜绿引起小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞线粒体功能障碍,并通过线粒体自噬途径清除铜绿刺激引起的活性氧(ROS)累积,从而抑制铜绿引起的促炎性细胞因子分泌并增强细胞毒性。体内实验进一步确认线粒体自噬在铜绿体内感染中的作用。
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Feixue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Huimiao Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Mingyi Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Enzhuang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Daoyang Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, China.
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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8
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Gwin MS, Alexeyev MF, Geurts AM, Lee JY, Zhou C, Yang XM, Cohen MV, Downey JM, Barrington RA, Spadafora D, Audia JP, Frank DW, Voth S, Pastukh VV, Bell J, Ayers L, Tambe DT, Nelson AR, Balczon R, Lin MT, Stevens T. Gamma secretase activating protein promotes end-organ dysfunction after bacterial pneumonia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L174-L189. [PMID: 37366533 PMCID: PMC10396227 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia elicits the production of cytotoxic beta amyloid (Aβ) that contributes to end-organ dysfunction, yet the mechanism(s) linking infection to activation of the amyloidogenic pathway that produces cytotoxic Aβ is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that gamma-secretase activating protein (GSAP), which contributes to the amyloidogenic pathway in the brain, promotes end-organ dysfunction following bacterial pneumonia. First-in-kind Gsap knockout rats were generated. Wild-type and knockout rats possessed similar body weights, organ weights, circulating blood cell counts, arterial blood gases, and cardiac indices at baseline. Intratracheal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection caused acute lung injury and a hyperdynamic circulatory state. Whereas infection led to arterial hypoxemia in wild-type rats, the alveolar-capillary barrier integrity was preserved in Gsap knockout rats. Infection potentiated myocardial infarction following ischemia-reperfusion injury, and this potentiation was abolished in knockout rats. In the hippocampus, GSAP contributed to both pre- and postsynaptic neurotransmission, increasing the presynaptic action potential recruitment, decreasing neurotransmitter release probability, decreasing the postsynaptic response, and preventing postsynaptic hyperexcitability, resulting in greater early long-term potentiation but reduced late long-term potentiation. Infection abolished early and late long-term potentiation in wild-type rats, whereas the late long-term potentiation was partially preserved in Gsap knockout rats. Furthermore, hippocampi from knockout rats, and both the wild-type and knockout rats following infection, exhibited a GSAP-dependent increase in neurotransmitter release probability and postsynaptic hyperexcitability. These results elucidate an unappreciated role for GSAP in innate immunity and highlight the contribution of GSAP to end-organ dysfunction during infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pneumonia is a common cause of end-organ dysfunction, both during and in the aftermath of infection. In particular, pneumonia is a common cause of lung injury, increased risk of myocardial infarction, and neurocognitive dysfunction, although the mechanisms responsible for such increased risk are unknown. Here, we reveal that gamma-secretase activating protein, which contributes to the amyloidogenic pathway, is important for end-organ dysfunction following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S Gwin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mikhail F Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Xi-Ming Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Michael V Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - James M Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Robert A Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Domenico Spadafora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jonathon P Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Dara W Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sarah Voth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, Louisiana, United States
| | - Viktoriya V Pastukh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Jessica Bell
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Linn Ayers
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Dhananjay T Tambe
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Mike T Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States
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9
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Balczon R, Choi CS, deWeever A, Zhou C, Gwin MS, Kolb C, Francis CM, Lin MT, Stevens T. Infection promotes Ser-214 phosphorylation important for generation of cytotoxic tau variants. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23042. [PMID: 37358817 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300620rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients who recover from hospital-acquired pneumonia exhibit a high incidence of end-organ dysfunction following hospital discharge, including cognitive deficits. We have previously demonstrated that pneumonia induces the production and release of cytotoxic oligomeric tau from pulmonary endothelial cells, and these tau oligomers can enter the circulation and may be a cause of long-term morbidities. Endothelial-derived oligomeric tau is hyperphosphorylated during infection. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether Ser-214 phosphorylation of tau is a necessary stimulus for generation of cytotoxic tau variants. The results of these studies demonstrate that Ser-214 phosphorylation is critical for the cytotoxic properties of infection-induced oligomeric tau. In the lung, Ser-214 phosphorylated tau contributes to disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, resulting in increased permeability. However, in the brain, both the Ser-214 phosphorylated tau and the mutant Ser-214-Ala tau, which cannot be phosphorylated, disrupted hippocampal long-term potentiation suggesting that inhibition of long-term potentiation was relatively insensitive to the phosphorylation status of Ser-214. Nonetheless, phosphorylation of tau is essential to its cytotoxicity since global dephosphorylation of the infection-induced cytotoxic tau variants rescued long-term potentiation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that multiple forms of oligomeric tau are generated during infectious pneumonia, with different forms of oligomeric tau being responsible for dysfunction of distinct end-organs during pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chung-Sik Choi
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Althea deWeever
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chun Zhou
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Meredith S Gwin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Claire Kolb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - C Michael Francis
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mike T Lin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy Stevens
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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10
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Chen D, Liu X, Chen Y, Lin H. Amyloid peptides with antimicrobial and/or microbial agglutination activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7711-7720. [PMID: 36322251 PMCID: PMC9628408 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Microbe (including bacteria, fungi, and virus) infection in brains is associated with amyloid fibril deposit and neurodegeneration. Increasing findings suggest that amyloid proteins, like Abeta (Aβ), are important innate immune effectors in preventing infections. In some previous studies, amyloid peptides have been linked to antimicrobial peptides due to their common mechanisms in membrane-disruption ability, while the other mechanisms of bactericidal protein aggregation and protein function knockdown are less discussed. Besides, another important function of amyloid peptides in pathogen agglutination is rarely illustrated. In this review, we summarized and divided the different roles and mechanisms of amyloid peptides against microbes in antimicrobial activity and microbe agglutination activity. Besides, the range of amyloids’ antimicrobial spectrum, the effectiveness of amyloid peptide states (monomers, oligomers, and fibrils), and cytotoxicity are discussed. The good properties of amyloid peptides against microbes might provide implications for the development of novel antimicrobial drug. Key points • Antimicrobial and/or microbial agglutination is a characteristic of amyloid peptides. • Various mechanisms of amyloid peptides against microbes are discovered recently. • Amyloid peptides might be developed into novel antimicrobial drugs. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-12246-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongru Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yucong Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Arbov E, Tayara A, Wu S, Rich TC, Wagener BM. COVID-19 and Long-Term Outcomes: Lessons from Other Critical Care Illnesses and Potential Mechanisms. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:275-283. [PMID: 35348443 PMCID: PMC9447134 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0374ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that is currently causing a pandemic and has been termed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The elderly or those with preexisting conditions like diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, or kidney dysfunction are more likely to develop severe cases when infected. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU have higher mortality than non-ICU patients. Critical illness has consistently posed a challenge not only in terms of mortality but also in regard to long-term outcomes of survivors. Patients who survive acute critical illness including, but not limited to, pulmonary and systemic insults associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, systemic inflammation, and mechanical ventilation, will likely suffer from post-ICU syndrome, a phenomenon of cognitive, psychiatric, and/or physical disability after treatment in the ICU. Post-ICU morbidity and mortality continue to be a cause for concern when considering large-scale studies showing 12-month mortality risks of 11.8-21%. Previous studies have demonstrated that multiple mechanisms, including cytokine release, mitochondrial dysfunction, and even amyloids, may lead to end-organ dysfunction in patients. We hypothesize that COVID-19 infection will lead to post-ICU syndrome via potentially similar mechanisms as other chronic critical illnesses and cause long-term morbidity and mortality in patients. We consider a variety of mechanisms and questions that not only consider the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic but its long-term effects that may not yet be imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Arbov
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alia Tayara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Honors College
| | - Songwei Wu
- Divisions of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine and
| | - Thomas C. Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - Brant M. Wagener
- Divisions of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine and
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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12
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Saiyasit N, Butlig EAR, Chaney SD, Traylor MK, Hawley NA, Randall RB, Bobinger HV, Frizell CA, Trimm F, Crook ED, Lin M, Hill BD, Keller JL, Nelson AR. Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diverse Communities With Health Disparities-Contributions to Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:915405. [PMID: 35844216 PMCID: PMC9279126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.915405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are an expanding worldwide crisis. In the absence of scientific breakthroughs, the global prevalence of ADRD will continue to increase as more people are living longer. Racial or ethnic minority groups have an increased risk and incidence of ADRD and have often been neglected by the scientific research community. There is mounting evidence that vascular insults in the brain can initiate a series of biological events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and ADRD. We are a group of researchers interested in developing and expanding ADRD research, with an emphasis on vascular contributions to dementia, to serve our local diverse community. Toward this goal, the primary objective of this review was to investigate and better understand health disparities in Alabama and the contributions of the social determinants of health to those disparities, particularly in the context of vascular dysfunction in ADRD. Here, we explain the neurovascular dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Next, we ascertain ethnoregional health disparities of individuals living in Alabama, as well as relevant vascular risk factors linked to AD. We also discuss current pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment options for neurovascular dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, including relevant studies and ongoing clinical trials. Overall, individuals in Alabama are adversely affected by social and structural determinants of health leading to health disparities, driven by rurality, ethnic minority status, and lower socioeconomic status (SES). In general, these communities have limited access to healthcare and healthy food and other amenities resulting in decreased opportunities for early diagnosis of and pharmaceutical treatments for ADRD. Although this review is focused on the current state of health disparities of ADRD patients in Alabama, future studies must include diversity of race, ethnicity, and region to best be able to treat all individuals affected by ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Evan-Angelo R. Butlig
- Department of Neurology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha D. Chaney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Miranda K. Traylor
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Nanako A. Hawley
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Ryleigh B. Randall
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Hanna V. Bobinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Carl A. Frizell
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Franklin Trimm
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Errol D. Crook
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Mike Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Keller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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13
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Teixeira-Nunes M, Retailleau P, Comisso M, Deruelle V, Mechold U, Renault L. Bacterial Nucleotidyl Cyclases Activated by Calmodulin or Actin in Host Cells: Enzyme Specificities and Cytotoxicity Mechanisms Identified to Date. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126743. [PMID: 35743184 PMCID: PMC9223806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens manipulate host cell cAMP signaling pathways to promote their survival and proliferation. Bacterial Exoenzyme Y (ExoY) toxins belong to a family of invasive, structurally-related bacterial nucleotidyl cyclases (NC). Inactive in bacteria, they use proteins that are uniquely and abundantly present in eukaryotic cells to become potent, unregulated NC enzymes in host cells. Other well-known members of the family include Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor (EF) and Bordetella pertussis CyaA. Once bound to their eukaryotic protein cofactor, they can catalyze supra-physiological levels of various cyclic nucleotide monophosphates in infected cells. Originally identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ExoY-related NC toxins appear now to be more widely distributed among various γ- and β-proteobacteria. ExoY-like toxins represent atypical, poorly characterized members within the NC toxin family. While the NC catalytic domains of EF and CyaA toxins use both calmodulin as cofactor, their counterparts in ExoY-like members from pathogens of the genus Pseudomonas or Vibrio use actin as a potent cofactor, in either its monomeric or polymerized form. This is an original subversion of actin for cytoskeleton-targeting toxins. Here, we review recent advances on the different members of the NC toxin family to highlight their common and distinct functional characteristics at the molecular, cytotoxic and enzymatic levels, and important aspects that need further characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Teixeira-Nunes
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.T.-N.); (M.C.)
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS-UPR2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Martine Comisso
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.T.-N.); (M.C.)
| | - Vincent Deruelle
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, CNRS UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (V.D.); (U.M.)
| | - Undine Mechold
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, CNRS UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (V.D.); (U.M.)
| | - Louis Renault
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (M.T.-N.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Walker AC, Bhargava R, Dove AS, Brust AS, Owji AA, Czyż DM. Bacteria-Derived Protein Aggregates Contribute to the Disruption of Host Proteostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4807. [PMID: 35563197 PMCID: PMC9103901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative protein conformational diseases are characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of metastable proteins encoded within the host genome. The host is also home to thousands of proteins encoded within exogenous genomes harbored by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Yet, their contributions to host protein-folding homeostasis, or proteostasis, remain elusive. Recent studies, including our previous work, suggest that bacterial products contribute to the toxic aggregation of endogenous host proteins. We refer to these products as bacteria-derived protein aggregates (BDPAs). Furthermore, antibiotics were recently associated with an increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-possibly by virtue of altering the composition of the human gut microbiota. Other studies have shown a negative correlation between disease progression and antibiotic administration, supporting their protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases. These contradicting studies emphasize the complexity of the human gut microbiota, the gut-brain axis, and the effect of antibiotics. Here, we further our understanding of bacteria's effect on host protein folding using the model Caenorhabditis elegans. We employed genetic and chemical methods to demonstrate that the proteotoxic effect of bacteria on host protein folding correlates with the presence of BDPAs. Furthermore, the abundance and proteotoxicity of BDPAs are influenced by gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that induces protein misfolding, and by butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid that we previously found to affect host protein aggregation and the associated toxicity. Collectively, these results increase our understanding of host-bacteria interactions in the context of protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel M. Czyż
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.C.W.); (R.B.); (A.S.D.); (A.S.B.); (A.A.O.)
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15
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Nelson AR. Peripheral Pathways to Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction, Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:858429. [PMID: 35517047 PMCID: PMC9062225 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.858429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It was first described more than a century ago, and scientists are acquiring new data and learning novel information about the disease every day. Although there are nuances and details continuously being unraveled, many key players were identified in the early 1900’s by Dr. Oskar Fischer and Dr. Alois Alzheimer, including amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, vascular abnormalities, gliosis, and a possible role of infections. More recently, there has been growing interest in and appreciation for neurovascular unit dysfunction that occurs early in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before and independent of Aβ and tau brain accumulation. In the last decade, evidence that Aβ and tau oligomers are antimicrobial peptides generated in response to infection has expanded our knowledge and challenged preconceived notions. The concept that pathogenic germs cause infections generating an innate immune response (e.g., Aβ and tau produced by peripheral organs) that is associated with incident dementia is worthwhile considering in the context of sporadic AD with an unknown root cause. Therefore, the peripheral amyloid hypothesis to cognitive impairment and AD is proposed and remains to be vetted by future research. Meanwhile, humans remain complex variable organisms with individual risk factors that define their immune status, neurovascular function, and neuronal plasticity. In this focused review, the idea that infections and organ dysfunction contribute to Alzheimer’s disease, through the generation of peripheral amyloids and/or neurovascular unit dysfunction will be explored and discussed. Ultimately, many questions remain to be answered and critical areas of future exploration are highlighted.
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16
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Hardy KS, Tessmer MH, Frank DW, Audia JP. Perspectives on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System Effector ExoU and Its Subversion of the Host Innate Immune Response to Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:880. [PMID: 34941717 PMCID: PMC8708460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic, Gram-negative pathogen and an important cause of hospital acquired infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Highly virulent P. aeruginosa strains use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject exoenzyme effectors directly into the cytoplasm of a target host cell. P. aeruginosa strains that express the T3SS effector, ExoU, associate with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients with pneumonia, owing to the ability of ExoU to rapidly damage host cell membranes and subvert the innate immune response to infection. Herein, we review the structure, function, regulation, and virulence characteristics of the T3SS effector ExoU, a highly cytotoxic phospholipase A2 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kierra S. Hardy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36608, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxx H. Tessmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Dara W. Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jonathon P. Audia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36608, USA
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17
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Cytotoxic tau released from lung microvascular endothelial cells upon infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes neuronal tauopathy. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101482. [PMID: 34896150 PMCID: PMC8718960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who recover from nosocomial pneumonia oftentimes exhibit long-lasting cognitive impairment comparable with what is observed in Alzheimer’s disease patients. We previously hypothesized that the lung endothelium contributes to infection-related neurocognitive dysfunction, because bacteria-exposed endothelial cells release a form(s) of cytotoxic tau that is sufficient to impair long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. However, the full-length lung and endothelial tau isoform(s) have yet to be resolved and it remains unclear whether the infection-induced endothelial cytotoxic tau triggers neuronal tau aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that lung endothelial cells express a big tau isoform and three additional tau isoforms that are similar to neuronal tau, each containing four microtubule-binding repeat domains, and that tau is expressed in lung capillaries in vivo. To test whether infection elicits endothelial tau capable of causing transmissible tau aggregation, the cells were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The infection-induced tau released from endothelium into the medium-induced neuronal tau aggregation in reporter cells, including reporter cells that express either the four microtubule-binding repeat domains or the full-length tau. Infection-induced release of pathological tau variant(s) from endothelium, and the ability of the endothelial-derived tau to cause neuronal tau aggregation, was abolished in tau knockout cells. After bacterial lung infection, brain homogenates from WT mice, but not from tau knockout mice, initiated tau aggregation. Thus, we conclude that bacterial pneumonia initiates the release of lung endothelial-derived cytotoxic tau, which is capable of propagating a neuronal tauopathy.
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18
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Silistre H, Raoux-Barbot D, Mancinelli F, Sangouard F, Dupin A, Belyy A, Deruelle V, Renault L, Ladant D, Touqui L, Mechold U. Prevalence of ExoY Activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reference Panel Strains and Impact on Cytotoxicity in Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666097. [PMID: 34675890 PMCID: PMC8524455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ExoY is among the effectors that are injected by the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into host cells. Inside eukaryotic cells, ExoY interacts with F-actin, which stimulates its potent nucleotidyl cyclase activity to produce cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cNMPs). ExoY has broad substrate specificity with GTP as a preferential substrate in vitro. How ExoY contributes to the virulence of P. aeruginosa remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the prevalence of active ExoY among strains from the international P. aeruginosa reference panel, a collection of strains that includes environmental and clinical isolates, commonly used laboratory strains, and sequential clonal isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and thus represents the large diversity of this bacterial species. The ability to secrete active ExoY was determined by measuring the F-actin stimulated guanylate cyclase (GC) activity in bacterial culture supernatants. We found an overall ExoY activity prevalence of about 60% among the 40 examined strains with no significant difference between CF and non-CF isolates. In parallel, we used cellular infection models of human lung epithelial cells to compare the cytotoxic effects of isogenic reference strains expressing active ExoY or lacking the exoY gene. We found that P. aeruginosa strains lacking ExoY were in fact more cytotoxic to the epithelial cells than those secreting active ExoY. This suggests that under certain conditions, ExoY might partly alleviate the cytotoxic effects of other virulence factors of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Silistre
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Raoux-Barbot
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Federica Mancinelli
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Flora Sangouard
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Alice Dupin
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Belyy
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Deruelle
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Louis Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Mucoviscidose: Physiopathologie et Phénogénomique, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), INSERM UMR S 938, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, Département Santé Globale, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Undine Mechold
- Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
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19
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Zecca C, Pasculli G, Tortelli R, Dell'Abate MT, Capozzo R, Barulli MR, Barone R, Accogli M, Arima S, Pollice A, Brescia V, Logroscino G. The Role of Age on Beta-Amyloid 1-42 Plasma Levels in Healthy Subjects. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:698571. [PMID: 34531734 PMCID: PMC8438760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.698571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques have been observed in the brain of healthy elderlies with frequencies strongly influenced by age. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of age and other biochemical and hematological parameters on Aβ1–42 plasma levels in cognitively and neurologically normal individuals. Two-hundred and seventy-five normal subjects stratified by age groups (<35 years, 35–65 years, and >65 years) were included in the study. Aβ1–42 plasma levels significantly correlated with age (rs = 0.27; p < 0.0001) in the whole sample, inversely correlated with age in the first age group (rs = −0.25, p = 0.01), positively correlated in the second group (rs = 0.22, p = 0.03), while there was no significant correlation in the older group (rs = 0.02, p = 0.86). Both age (β-estimate = 0.08; p < 0.001) and cholesterol (β-estimate = 0.03; p = 0.009) were significantly associated with Aβ1–42 plasma level in multivariable analysis. However, only the association with age survived post hoc adjustment for multiple comparisons. The different effects of age on the Aβ level across age groups should be explored in further studies to better understand the age-dependent variability. This could better define the value of plasma Aβ as a biomarker of the Alzheimer neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zecca
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pasculli
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Abate
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Barulli
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriam Accogli
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Serena Arima
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessio Pollice
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Brescia
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology of the University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico" Hospital Tricase, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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20
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Balczon R, Lin MT, Lee JY, Abbasi A, Renema P, Voth SB, Zhou C, Koloteva A, Michael Francis C, Sodha NR, Pittet JF, Wagener BM, Bell J, Choi CS, Ventetuolo CE, Stevens T. Pneumonia initiates a tauopathy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21807. [PMID: 34384141 PMCID: PMC8443149 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100718r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia causes short‐ and long‐term cognitive dysfunction in a high proportion of patients, although the mechanism(s) responsible for this effect are unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pneumonia‐elicited cytotoxic amyloid and tau variants: (1) are present in the circulation during infection; (2) lead to impairment of long‐term potentiation; and, (3) inhibit long‐term potentiation dependent upon tau. Cytotoxic amyloid and tau species were recovered from the blood and the hippocampus following pneumonia, and they were present in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation oxygenators of patients with pneumonia, especially in those who died. Introduction of immunopurified blood‐borne amyloid and tau into either the airways or the blood of uninfected animals acutely and chronically impaired hippocampal information processing. In contrast, the infection did not impair long‐term potentiation in tau knockout mice and the amyloid‐ and tau‐dependent disruption in hippocampal signaling was less severe in tau knockout mice. Moreover, the infection did not elicit cytotoxic amyloid and tau variants in tau knockout mice. Therefore, pneumonia initiates a tauopathy that contributes to cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mike T Lin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Adeel Abbasi
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Phoibe Renema
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Sarah B Voth
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Chun Zhou
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - C Michael Francis
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Department of Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessica Bell
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Chung-Sik Choi
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Corey E Ventetuolo
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Troy Stevens
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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21
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Grishin SY, Dzhus UF, Glukhov AS, Selivanova OM, Surin AK, Galzitskaya OV. Identification of Amyloidogenic Regions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ribosomal S1 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147291. [PMID: 34298910 PMCID: PMC8305250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial S1 protein is a functionally important ribosomal protein. It is a part of the 30S ribosomal subunit and is also able to interact with mRNA and tmRNA. An important feature of the S1 protein family is a strong tendency towards aggregation. To study the amyloidogenic properties of S1, we isolated and purified the recombinant ribosomal S1 protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using the FoldAmyloid, Waltz, Pasta 2.0, and AGGRESCAN programs, amyloidogenic regions of the protein were predicted, which play a key role in its aggregation. The method of limited proteolysis in combination with high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis of the products, made it possible to identify regions of the S1 protein from P. aeruginosa that are protected from the action of proteinase K, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Sequences of theoretically predicted and experimentally identified amyloidogenic regions were used to synthesize four peptides, three of which demonstrated the ability to form amyloid-like fibrils, as shown by electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The identified amyloidogenic sites can further serve as a basis for the development of new antibacterial peptides against the pathogenic microorganism P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Y. Grishin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (U.F.D.); (A.S.G.); (O.M.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Ulyana F. Dzhus
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (U.F.D.); (A.S.G.); (O.M.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Anatoly S. Glukhov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (U.F.D.); (A.S.G.); (O.M.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Olga M. Selivanova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (U.F.D.); (A.S.G.); (O.M.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Alexey K. Surin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (U.F.D.); (A.S.G.); (O.M.S.); (A.K.S.)
- The Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia
| | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.Y.G.); (U.F.D.); (A.S.G.); (O.M.S.); (A.K.S.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Gómez-Pérez D, Chaudhry V, Kemen A, Kemen E. Amyloid Proteins in Plant-Associated Microbial Communities. Microb Physiol 2021; 31:88-98. [PMID: 34107493 DOI: 10.1159/000516014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids have proven to be a widespread phenomenon rather than an exception. Many proteins presenting the hallmarks of this characteristic beta sheet-rich folding have been described to date. Particularly common are functional amyloids that play an important role in the promotion of survival and pathogenicity in prokaryotes. Here, we describe important developments in amyloid protein research that relate to microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions in the plant microbiome. Starting with biofilms, which are a broad strategy for bacterial persistence that is extremely important for plant colonization. Microbes rely on amyloid-based mechanisms to adhere and create a protective coating that shelters them from external stresses and promotes cooperation. Another strategy generally carried out by amyloids is the formation of hydrophobic surface layers. Known as hydrophobins, these proteins coat the aerial hyphae and spores of plant pathogenic fungi, as well as certain bacterial biofilms. They contribute to plant virulence through promoting dissemination and infectivity. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity is an interesting outcome of the amyloid structure that has potential application in medicine and agriculture. There are many known antimicrobial amyloids released by animals and plants; however, those produced by bacteria or fungi remain still largely unknown. Finally, we discuss amyloid proteins with a more indirect mode of action in their host interactions. These include virulence-promoting harpins, signaling transduction that functions through amyloid templating, and root nodule bacteria proteins that promote plant-microbe symbiosis. In summary, amyloids are an interesting paradigm for their many functional mechanisms linked to bacterial survival in plant-associated microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariane Kemen
- ZMBP/IMIT, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Kemen
- ZMBP/IMIT, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Miller AL, Bessho S, Grando K, Tükel Ç. Microbiome or Infections: Amyloid-Containing Biofilms as a Trigger for Complex Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638867. [PMID: 33717189 PMCID: PMC7952436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is the community of microorganisms that live upon or within their human host. The microbiota consists of various microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea; the gut microbiota is comprised mostly of bacteria. Many bacterial species within the gut microbiome grow as biofilms, which are multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. Studies have shown that the relative abundances of bacterial species, and therefore biofilms and bacterial byproducts, change during progression of a variety of human diseases including gastrointestinal, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cancer. Studies have shown the location and proximity of the biofilms within the gastrointestinal tract might impact disease outcome. Gram-negative enteric bacteria secrete the amyloid curli, which makes up as much as 85% of the extracellular matrix of enteric biofilms. Curli mediates cell-cell attachment and attachment to various surfaces including extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and laminin. Structurally, curli is strikingly similar to pathological and immunomodulatory human amyloids such as amyloid-β, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein, which is involved in Parkinson's disease, and serum amyloid A, which is secreted during the acute phase of inflammation. The immune system recognizes both bacterial amyloid curli and human amyloids utilizing the same receptors, so curli also induces inflammation. Moreover, recent work indicates that curli can participate in the self-assembly process of pathological human amyloids. Curli is found within biofilms of commensal enteric bacteria as well as invasive pathogens; therefore, evidence suggests that curli contributes to complex human diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how bacterial biofilms containing curli participate in the pathological and immunological processes in gastrointestinal diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shingo Bessho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Balczon R, Morrow KA, Leavesley S, Francis CM, Stevens TC, Agwaramgbo E, Williams C, Stevens RP, Langham G, Voth S, Cioffi EA, Weintraub SE, Stevens T. Cystatin C regulates the cytotoxicity of infection-induced endothelial-derived β-amyloid. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2464-2477. [PMID: 33030263 PMCID: PMC7609779 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces the production and release of cytotoxic oligomeric tau and beta amyloid (Aβ). Here, we characterized these cytotoxic amyloids. Cytotoxic behavior and oligomeric tau were partially resistant to digestion with proteinase K, but cytotoxicity was abolished by various denaturants including phenol, diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC), and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-isopropanol (HFIP). Ultracentrifugation for 8 h at 150 000 g was required to remove cytotoxic activity from the supernatant. Ultracentrifugation, DEPC treatment, and immunodepletion using antibodies against Aβ also demonstrated that cytoprotective protein(s) are released from endothelial cells during P. aeruginosa infection. Mass spectrometry of endothelial cell culture media following P. aeruginosa infection allowed identification of multiple potential secreted modulators of Aβ, including cystatin C, gelsolin, and ApoJ/clusterin. Immunodepletion, co-immunoprecipitation, and ultracentrifugation determined that the cytoprotective factor released during infection of endothelial cells by P. aeruginosa is cystatin C, which appears to be in a complex with Aβ. Cytoprotective cystatin C may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for protection against the long-term consequences of infection with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
- Center for Lung BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Kyle A. Morrow
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyEdward Via College of Osteopathic MedicineMonroeLAUSA
| | - Silas Leavesley
- Center for Lung BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Christopher M. Francis
- Center for Lung BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Trevor C. Stevens
- Center for Lung BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Ezinne Agwaramgbo
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | | | - Reece P. Stevens
- Center for Lung BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Geri Langham
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Sarah Voth
- Center for Lung BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Eugene A. Cioffi
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
| | - Susan E. Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Mass Spectrometry LaboratoryUniversity of Texas at San Antonio Health Sciences CenterTXUSA
| | - Troy Stevens
- Center for Lung BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileALUSA
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25
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Voth S, Gwin M, Francis CM, Balczon R, Frank DW, Pittet JF, Wagener BM, Moser SA, Alexeyev M, Housley N, Audia JP, Piechocki S, Madera K, Simmons A, Crawford M, Stevens T. Virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection converts antimicrobial amyloids into cytotoxic prions. FASEB J 2020; 34:9156-9179. [PMID: 32413239 PMCID: PMC7383673 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000051rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection elicits the production of cytotoxic amyloids from lung endothelium, yet molecular mechanisms of host‐pathogen interaction that underlie the amyloid production are not well understood. We examined the importance of type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors in the production of cytotoxic amyloids. P aeruginosa possessing a functional T3SS and effectors induced the production and release of cytotoxic amyloids from lung endothelium, including beta amyloid, and tau. T3SS effector intoxication was sufficient to generate cytotoxic amyloid release, yet intoxication with exoenzyme Y (ExoY) alone or together with exoenzymes S and T (ExoS/T/Y) generated the most virulent amyloids. Infection with lab and clinical strains engendered cytotoxic amyloids that were capable of being propagated in endothelial cell culture and passed to naïve cells, indicative of a prion strain. Conversely, T3SS‐incompetent P aeruginosa infection produced non‐cytotoxic amyloids with antimicrobial properties. These findings provide evidence that (1) endothelial intoxication with ExoY is sufficient to elicit self‐propagating amyloid cytotoxins during infection, (2) pulmonary endothelium contributes to innate immunity by generating antimicrobial amyloids in response to bacterial infection, and (3) ExoY contributes to the virulence arsenal of P aeruginosa through the subversion of endothelial amyloid host‐defense to promote a lung endothelial‐derived cytotoxic proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Voth
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Meredith Gwin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Christopher Michael Francis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ron Balczon
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Dara W Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen A Moser
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Nicole Housley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jonathon P Audia
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Scott Piechocki
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kayla Madera
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Autumn Simmons
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Michaela Crawford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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