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Inceu G, Nechifor RE, Rusu A, Ciobanu DM, Draghici NC, Pop RM, Craciun AE, Porojan M, Negrut M, Roman G, Fodor A, Bala C. Post-COVID-19 Changes in Appetite-An Exploratory Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2349. [PMID: 39064794 PMCID: PMC11280350 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this analysis, we aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 disease on eating behavior. A total of 55 right-handed adults, <50 years of age, without overweight or obesity, from two cross-sectional studies were included. The first one enrolled subjects between September 2018 and December 2019 (non-COVID-19 group). The second one included subjects enrolled between March 2022 and May 2023; for this analysis, 28 with a history of COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) were retained. Hunger, TFEQ-18, plasma ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and resting-state fMRI were assessed during fasting. Intraregional neuronal synchronicity and connectivity were assessed by voxel-based regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree of centrality (DC). Significantly higher ghrelin and NPY levels were observed in the COVID-19 group than in the non-COVID-19 group (ghrelin 197.5 pg/mL vs. 67.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001; NPY 128.0 pg/mL vs. 84.5 pg/mL, p = 0.005). The NPY levels positively correlated with the DC and ReHo in the left lingual (r = 0.67785 and r = 0.73604, respectively). Similar scores were noted for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in both groups according to the TFEQ-18 questionnaire results (p > 0.05 for all). Our data showed increased levels of appetite-related hormones, correlated with activity in brain regions involved in appetite regulation, persisting long after COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Inceu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.I.); (A.R.); (A.E.C.); (G.R.); (A.F.); (C.B.)
- Department of Diabetes, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ruben Emanuel Nechifor
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy Babes-Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.I.); (A.R.); (A.E.C.); (G.R.); (A.F.); (C.B.)
- Department of Diabetes, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Mihaela Ciobanu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.I.); (A.R.); (A.E.C.); (G.R.); (A.F.); (C.B.)
- Department of Diabetes, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicu Catalin Draghici
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- “IMOGEN” Institute, Centre of Advanced Research Studies, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Elena Craciun
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.I.); (A.R.); (A.E.C.); (G.R.); (A.F.); (C.B.)
- Department of Diabetes, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Porojan
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Matei Negrut
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Roman
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.I.); (A.R.); (A.E.C.); (G.R.); (A.F.); (C.B.)
- Department of Diabetes, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.I.); (A.R.); (A.E.C.); (G.R.); (A.F.); (C.B.)
- Department of Diabetes, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.I.); (A.R.); (A.E.C.); (G.R.); (A.F.); (C.B.)
- Department of Diabetes, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Biji CA, Balde A, Nazeer RA. Anti-inflammatory peptide therapeutics and the role of sulphur containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) in inflammation suppression: A review. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1203-1221. [PMID: 38769154 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation serves as our body's immune response to combat infections, pathogens, viruses, and external stimuli. Inflammation can be classified into two types: acute inflammation and chronic inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are used to treat both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, these treatments have various side effects such as reduced healing efficiency, peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal toxicities, etc. METHOD: This review assesses the potential of anti-inflammatory peptides (AIPs) derived from various natural sources, such as algae, fungi, plants, animals, and marine organisms. Focusing on peptides rich in cysteines and methionine, sulphur-containing amino acids known for their role in suppression of inflammation. RESULT Due to their varied biological activity, ability to penetrate cells, and low cytotoxicity, bioactive peptides have garnered interest as possible therapeutic agents. The utilisation of AIPs has shown great potential in the treatment of disorders associated with inflammation. AIPs can be obtained from diverse natural sources such as algae, fungi, plants, and animals. Cysteine and methionine are sulphur-containing amino acids that aid in the elimination of free radicals, hence assisting in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSION This review specifically examines several sources of AIPs including peptides that contain numerous cysteines and methionine. In addition, the biological characteristics of these amino acids and advancements in peptide delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherin Ann Biji
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Akshad Balde
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamilnadu, India.
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Peiu SN, Iosep DG, Danciu M, Scripcaru V, Ianole V, Mocanu V. Ghrelin Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques and Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Implications for Vascular Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3737. [PMID: 38999303 PMCID: PMC11242600 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD), is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation within arterial walls. Objectives: This study investigates the expression of ghrelin, an anti-inflammatory peptide hormone, in plaque morphology and inflammation in patients with PAD, highlighting its potential role in age-related vascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Methods: The analysis specifically focused on the immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin in atherosclerotic plaques and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from 28 PAD patients. Detailed immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify ghrelin within these tissues, comparing its presence in various plaque types and assessing its association with markers of inflammation and macrophage polarization. Results: Significant results showed a higher prevalence of calcification in fibro-lipid plaques (63.1%) compared to fibrous plaques, with a notable difference in inflammatory infiltration between the two plaque types (p = 0.027). Complicated plaques exhibited increased ghrelin expression, suggesting a modulatory effect on inflammatory processes, although this did not reach statistical significance. The correlation between ghrelin levels and macrophage presence, especially the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, indicates ghrelin's involvement in the inflammatory dynamics of atherosclerosis. Conclusions: The findings propose that ghrelin may influence plaque stability and vascular inflammation, pointing to its therapeutic potential in managing atherosclerosis. The study underlines the necessity for further research to clarify ghrelin's impact on vascular health, particularly in the context of metabolic syndrome and age-related vascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Nicolae Peiu
- Vascular Surgery Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II (Physiopathology) Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iosep
- Pathology Department, "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Morpho-Functional Department-Morphopathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Danciu
- Pathology Department, "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Morpho-Functional Department-Morphopathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Scripcaru
- Morpho-Functional Department-Morphopathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Victor Ianole
- Morpho-Functional Department-Morphopathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II (Physiopathology) Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Li X, Ji Q, Zhong C, Wu C, Wu J, Yuan C, Ran J. Ghrelin regulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149844. [PMID: 38564940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the ghrelin-regulated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signalling pathway in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Pregnant female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a normal group, GDM group (high-fat diet + STZ), GDM + ghrelin group (acyl ghrelin), and GDM + ghrelin + ghrelin inhibitor group ([D-lys3]-GHRP-6). We measured body weight, the intake of water and food, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting insulin levels in each group. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes in the pancreas. The TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis rate of islet cells. qPCR and Western boltting were performed to detect the relative expression levels of PERK, ATF6, IREIα, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12, which are related to the ERS signalling pathway in the pancreas. Then, NIT-1 cells were cultured to verify whether ghrelin regulates ERS under high-glucose or tunicamycin conditions. RESULTS Compared with the GDM group, the GDM + ghrelin group showed improved physical conditions and significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting insulin levels. Damaged islet areas were inhibited by ghrelin in the GDM group. The GDM + ghrelin group showed reduced β-cell apoptosis compared to the GDM and GDM + ghrelin + ghrelin inhibitor groups. ERS-associated factors (PERK, ATF6, IREIα, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12) mRNA and protein levels were obviously lower in the GDM + ghrelin group than in the GDM group, while expression levels were restored in the inhibitor group. Ghrelin treatment improved the high-glucose or tunicamycin-induced apoptosis, increased insulin levels and upregulation of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 in NIT-1 cells. CONCLUSION Ghrelin suppressed ERS signalling and apoptosis in GDM mice and in NIT-1 cells. This study established a link between ghrelin and GDM, and the targeting of ERS with ghrelin represents a promising therapeutic strategy for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Medical Care Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qun Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chunrong Zhong
- Medical Care Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Congyin Wu
- Medical Care Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinchan Wu
- Medical Care Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Caihong Yuan
- Medical Care Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianmin Ran
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Patil R, Aswar U, Vyas N. Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105504. [PMID: 38354494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cafeteria diet (CD) model for in-vivo studies mimics the western diet having imbalanced nutritional value, high caloric-density and palatability. Uncontrolled eating leads to the development of childhood obesity, poor self-esteem and depression due to its effects on brain development. Herbal supplements are novel inclusion in the management of obesity and mental well-being. Pterostilbene (PTE) found in blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, is known to prevent obesity in invivo models. Adolescent Swiss albino male mice were fed on CD for 70 days and the development of obesity was assessed by gain in body weight, abdominal circumference. Forced swim and tail suspension test confirmed depression in CD fed mice. Obesity induced depressed (OID) mice were treated with PTE (10, 20, 40 mg/kg), standard antiobesity drug cetilistat (10 mg/kg), antidepressant fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Post treatment, PTE-treated mice showed reduction in BW and depression-like behavior analysed using paradigms such as sucrose preference, open field, marble burying, and resident intruder test in comparison to the CD group. Insulin resistance, lipid profile, antioxidant enzyme, inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-6, TNF α) and cortisol levels were mitigated by PTE. It also restored normal cellular architecture of the brain and adipose tissue and increased the Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1), leptin and ghrelin receptors gene expression in the brain. Thus, it can be concluded that PTE might have inhibited OID like behavior in mice via inhibition of IR, modulating neuroinflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and upregulating SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patil
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Nishant Vyas
- Logical Life Sciences Private Limited, Pune, India
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Pezzino S, Luca T, Castorina M, Puleo S, Latteri S, Castorina S. Role of Perturbated Hemostasis in MASLD and Its Correlation with Adipokines. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:93. [PMID: 38255708 PMCID: PMC10820028 DOI: 10.3390/life14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) continues to rise, making it one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders. MASLD encompasses a range of liver pathologies, from simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and fibrosis. Interestingly, the liver exhibits close intercommunication with fatty tissue. In fact, adipose tissue could contribute to the etiology and advancement of MASLD, acting as an endocrine organ that releases several hormones and cytokines, with the adipokines assuming a pivotal role. The levels of adipokines in the blood are altered in people with MASLD, and recent research has shed light on the crucial role played by adipokines in regulating energy expenditure, inflammation, and fibrosis in MASLD. However, MASLD disease is a multifaceted condition that affects various aspects of health beyond liver function, including its impact on hemostasis. The alterations in coagulation mechanisms and endothelial and platelet functions may play a role in the increased vulnerability and severity of MASLD. Therefore, more attention is being given to imbalanced adipokines as causative agents in causing disturbances in hemostasis in MASLD. Metabolic inflammation and hepatic injury are fundamental components of MASLD, and the interrelation between these biological components and the hemostasis pathway is delineated by reciprocal influences, as well as the induction of alterations. Adipokines have the potential to serve as the shared elements within this complex interrelationship. The objective of this review is to thoroughly examine the existing scientific knowledge on the impairment of hemostasis in MASLD and its connection with adipokines, with the aim of enhancing our comprehension of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pezzino
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Tonia Luca
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Mediterranean Foundation “GB Morgagni”, 95125 Catania, Italy (M.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Zhang X, Zeng Z, Liu Y, Liu D. Emerging Relevance of Ghrelin in Programmed Cell Death and Its Application in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17254. [PMID: 38139082 PMCID: PMC10743592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, comprising 28 amino acids, was initially discovered as a hormone that promotes growth hormones. The original focus was on the effects of ghrelin on controlling hunger and satiation. As the research further develops, the research scope of ghrelin has expanded to a wide range of systems and diseases. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In recent years, substantial studies have demonstrated that ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and other effects, which could affect the signaling pathways of various kinds of programmed cell death (PCD) in treating diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the function of ghrelin in different kinds of PCD have not been thoroughly illuminated. This review describes the relationship between ghrelin and four kinds of PCD (apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis) and then introduces the clinical applications based on the different features of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaning Liu
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330001, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Wang J, Tan S, Gianotti L, Wu G. Evaluation and management of body composition changes in cancer patients. Nutrition 2023; 114:112132. [PMID: 37441827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Wasting in cancer patients has long been recognized as a condition that adversely affects cancer patients' quality of life, treatment tolerance, and oncological outcomes. Historically, this condition was mainly evaluated by changes in body weight. However, this approach is not quite accurate because body weight is the overall change of all body compartments. Conditions such as edema and ascites can mask the severity of muscle and adipose tissue depletion. Changes in body composition assessment in cancer patients have historically been underappreciated because of the limited availability of measurement tools. As more evidence highlighting the importance of body composition has emerged, it is imperative to apply a more precise evaluation of nutritional status and a more targeted approach to provide nutritional support for cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the modalities for evaluating body composition and how to manage body composition changes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanjun Tan
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luca Gianotti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, and HBP Surgery Unit, and Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo, Monza, Italy.
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Gajewska A, Strzelecki D, Gawlik-Kotelnicka O. Ghrelin as a Biomarker of "Immunometabolic Depression" and Its Connection with Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3960. [PMID: 37764744 PMCID: PMC10537261 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal peptide, is an endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), which is mainly produced by X/A-like cells in the intestinal mucosa. Beyond its initial description as a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue stimulator of appetite, ghrelin has been revealed to have a wide range of physiological effects, for example, the modulation of inflammation; the improvement of cardiac performance; the modulation of stress, anxiety, taste sensation, and reward-seeking behavior; and the regulation of glucose metabolism and thermogenesis. Ghrelin secretion is altered in depressive disorders and metabolic syndrome, which frequently co-occur, but it is still unknown how these modifications relate to the physiopathology of these disorders. This review highlights the increasing amount of research establishing the close relationship between ghrelin, nutrition, microbiota, and disorders such as depression and metabolic syndrome, and it evaluates the ghrelinergic system as a potential target for the development of effective pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gajewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
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Gangitano E, Martinez-Sanchez N, Bellini MI, Urciuoli I, Monterisi S, Mariani S, Ray D, Gnessi L. Weight Loss and Sleep, Current Evidence in Animal Models and Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:3431. [PMID: 37571368 PMCID: PMC10420950 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital process essential for survival. The trend of reduction in the time dedicated to sleep has increased in industrialized countries, together with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Short sleep may increase the risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and on the other hand, obesity is associated with sleep disorders, such as obstructive apnea disease, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep and metabolic disorders are linked; therefore, identifying the physiological and molecular pathways involved in sleep regulation and metabolic homeostasis can play a major role in ameliorating the metabolic health of the individual. Approaches aimed at reducing body weight could provide benefits for both cardiometabolic risk and sleep quality, which indirectly, in turn, may determine an amelioration of the cardiometabolic phenotype of individuals. We revised the literature on weight loss and sleep, focusing on the mechanisms and the molecules that may subtend this relationship in humans as in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gangitano
- OCDEM Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Noelia Martinez-Sanchez
- OCDEM Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | | | - Irene Urciuoli
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Monterisi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - David Ray
- OCDEM Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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