1
|
Chakraborty A, Bayry J, Mukherjee S. Helminth-derived biomolecules as potential therapeutics against ulcerative colitis. Immunotherapy 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38888436 DOI: 10.1080/1750743x.2024.2360382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chakraborty
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory (IBIL), Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713340, India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory (IBIL), Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, 713340, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh I, Kanichery A, Kotimoole CN, Modi PK, Prasad TSK, Hoti SL. Unpacking Immune Modulation as a Site of Therapeutics Innovation for Nematode Parasite Wuchereria bancrofti: A Temporal Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Profiling of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 2. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:125-137. [PMID: 38527276 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nematode infections are common in both humans and livestock, with major adverse planetary health and economic impacts. Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic nematode that causes lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical disease that can lead to severe disability and deformity worldwide. For the long-term survival of the bancroftian parasites in the host, a complex immune invasion strategy is involved through immunomodulation. Therefore, immunomodulation can serve as a site of research and innovation for molecular targets. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine crucial to the host antimicrobial alarm system and stress response. Interestingly, the nematode parasite W. bancrofti also produces two homologs of MIF (Wba-MIF1 and 2). Using a mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics approach, we report new findings on the immunomodulatory effect and signaling mechanism of Wba-MIF2 in macrophage cells. Accordingly, we observed 1201 phosphorylated sites on 467 proteins. Out of the 1201 phosphorylated sites, 1075, 117, and 9 were found on serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y) residues, respectively. Our bioinformatics analysis led to identification of major pathways, including spliceosomes, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th17 differentiation pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway upon Wba-MIF2 treatment. Wba-MIF2 treatment also enriched CDK4, CDK1, and DNAPK kinases. The comparison of the signaling pathway of Wba-MIF2 with that of human-MIF suggests both share similar signaling pathways. These findings collectively offer new insights into the role and mechanism of Wba-MIF2 as an immunomodulator and inform future diagnostics and drug discovery research for W. bancrofti.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Singh
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translational Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of the Interdisciplinary Science, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anagha Kanichery
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Sugeerappa Laxamannappa Hoti
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translational Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pacheco A, Conington J, Corripio-Miyar Y, Frew D, Banos G, McNeilly TN. Genetic profile of adaptive immune traits and relationships with parasite resistance and productivity in Scottish Blackface sheep. Animal 2024; 18:101061. [PMID: 38232660 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites cause significant production losses in grazing ruminants which can be mitigated by breeding animals resistant to disease. Lymphocyte cytokine production and parasite-specific Immunoglobulin A (IgA) are adaptive immune traits associated with immunity to GI parasites. To explore the utility of these traits for selective breeding purposes, this study estimated the genetic parameters of the immune traits in sheep and assessed their relationship with disease and productivity traits. Whole blood stimulation assays were performed on 1 040 Scottish Blackface lambs at two months of age in 2016-2017. Blood was stimulated with either pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a non-specific activator of lymphocytes, and Teladorsagia circumcincta (T-ci) larval antigen to activate parasite-specific T lymphocytes. The type of adaptive immune response was determined by quantifying production of cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10, which relate to T-helper type (Th) 1, Th2 and regulatory T cell responses, respectively. Serum T-ci specific IgA was also quantified. Heritabilities were estimated for each immune trait by univariate analyses. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated between different immune traits, and between immune traits vs. disease and productivity traits that were recorded at three months of age. Disease phenotypes were expressed as faecal egg counts (FEC) of nematode parasites (Strongyles and Nematodirus), faecal oocyst counts (FOC) of coccidian parasites, and faecal soiling score; production was measured as lamb live weight. Significant genetic variation was observed in all immune response traits. Heritabilities of cytokine production varied from low (0.14 ± 0.06) to very high (0.77 ± 0.09) and were always significantly greater than zero (P < 0.05). IgA heritability was found to be moderate (0.41 ± 0.09). Negative associations previously identified between IFN-γ production and FOC, and IL-4 production and strongyle FEC, were not evident in this study, potentially due to the time-lag between immune and parasitology measures. Instead, a positive genetic correlation was found between FOC and PWM-induced IFN-γ production, while a negative genetic correlation was found between FOC and T-ci induced IL-10. Live weight was negatively genetically correlated with IFN-γ responses. Overall, IFN-γ and IL-4 responses were positively correlated, providing little evidence of cross-regulation of Th1 and Th2 immunity within individual sheep. Furthermore, T-ci specific IgA was highly positively correlated with PWM-induced IL-10, indicating a possible role for this cytokine in IgA production. Our results suggest that while genetic selection for adaptive immune response traits is possible and may be beneficial for parasite control, selection of high IFN-γ responsiveness may negatively affect productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pacheco
- Scotland's Rural College, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - J Conington
- Scotland's Rural College, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Y Corripio-Miyar
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Frew
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Banos
- Scotland's Rural College, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - T N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kukhtar D, Fussenegger M. Synthetic biology in multicellular organisms: Opportunities in nematodes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37448225 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology has mainly focused on introducing new or altered functionality in single cell systems: primarily bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. Here, we describe the extension of synthetic biology to nematodes, in particular the well-studied model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, as a convenient platform for developing applications in a multicellular setting. We review transgenesis techniques for nematodes, as well as the application of synthetic biology principles to construct nematode gene switches and genetic devices to control motility. Finally, we discuss potential applications of engineered nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Kukhtar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Atagozli T, Elliott DE, Ince MN. Helminth Lessons in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Biomedicines 2023; 11:1200. [PMID: 37189818 PMCID: PMC10135676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular invertebrates that colonize the gut of many vertebrate animals including humans. This colonization can result in pathology, which requires treatment. It can also lead to a commensal and possibly even a symbiotic relationship where the helminth and the host benefit from each other's presence. Epidemiological data have linked helminth exposure to protection from immune disorders that include a wide range of diseases, such as allergies, autoimmune illnesses, and idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the gut, which are grouped as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Treatment of moderate to severe IBD involves the use of immune modulators and biologics, which can cause life-threatening complications. In this setting, their safety profile makes helminths or helminth products attractive as novel therapeutic approaches to treat IBD or other immune disorders. Helminths stimulate T helper-2 (Th2) and immune regulatory pathways, which are targeted in IBD treatment. Epidemiological explorations, basic science studies, and clinical research on helminths can lead to the development of safe, potent, and novel therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat IBD in addition to other immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Atagozli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - David E. Elliott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Mirac Nedim Ince
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie X, Wu Z, Wu Y, Liu J, Chen X, Shi X, Wei C, Li J, Lv J, Li Q, Tang L, He S, Zhan T, Tang Z. Cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010774. [PMID: 36084127 PMCID: PMC9491586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Currently, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global chronic idiopathic disease with ever-rising morbidity and prevalence. Accumulating evidence supports the IBD-hygiene hypothesis that helminths and their derivatives have potential therapeutic value for IBD. Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) mainly elicit Th2/Treg-dominated immune responses to maintain long-term parasitism in the host. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of cysteine protease (CsCP) and adult crude antigen (CsCA) of C. sinensis, and C. sinensis (Cs) infection on DSS-induced colitis mice.
Methods
BALB/c mice were given 5% DSS daily for 7 days to induce colitis. During this period, mice were treated with rCsCP, CsCA or dexamethasone (DXM) every day, or Cs infection which was established in advance. Changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon lengths, macroscopic scores, histopathological findings, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels, regulatory T cell (Treg) subset levels, colon gene expression levels, serum cytokine levels, and biochemical indexes were measured.
Results
Compared with Cs infection, rCsCP and CsCA alleviated the disease activity of acute colitis more significant without causing abnormal blood biochemical indexes. In comparison, rCsCP was superior to CsCA in attenuating colonic pathological symptoms, enhancing the proportion of Treg cells in spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes, and improving the secretion of inflammatory-related cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) in serum. Combined with RNA-seq data, it was revealed that CsCA might up-regulate the genes related to C-type lectin receptor and intestinal mucosal repair related signal pathways (e.g., Cd209d, F13a1 and Cckbr) to reduce colon inflammation and benefit intestinal mucosal repair. Dissimilarly, rCsCP ameliorated colitis mainly through stimulating innate immunity, such as Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12b, IL-23r and IL-7), thereby restraining the differentiation of Th1/Th17 cells.
Conclusions
Both rCsCP and CsCA showed good therapeutic effects on the treatment of acute colitis, but rCsCP is a better choice. rCsCP is a safe, effective, readily available and promising therapeutic agent against IBD mainly by activating innate immunity and regulating the IL-12/IL-23r axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xie
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- GuangXi Medical Transformational Key Laboratory of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and High Incidence of Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Caiheng Wei
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tingzheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (TZ); (ZT)
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (TZ); (ZT)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shan W, Zhang W, Xue F, Ma Y, Dong L, Wang T, Zheng Y, Feng D, Chang M, Yuan G, Wang X. Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 inhibits acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:455. [PMID: 34488863 PMCID: PMC8422783 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harnessing helminth-based immunoregulation is a novel therapeutic strategy for many immune dysfunction disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We previously identified a small molecule peptide from Schistosoma japonicum and named it SJMHE1. SJMHE1 can suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity, collagen-induced arthritis and asthma in mice. In this study, we assessed the effects of SJMHE1 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic colitis. METHODS Acute and chronic colitis were induced in C57BL/6 mice by DSS, following which the mice were injected with an emulsifier SJMHE1 or phosphate-buffered saline. The mice were then examined for body weight loss, disease activity index, colon length, histopathological changes, cytokine expression and helper T (Th) cell subset distribution. RESULTS SJMHE1 treatment significantly suppressed DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis, improved disease activity and pathological damage to the colon and modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes and the colon. In addition, SJMHE1 treatment reduced the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells and increased the percentage of Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the splenocytes and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with acute colitis. Similarly, SJMHE1 treatment upregulated the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA, downregulated the expression of IL-17 mRNA and modulated the Th cell balance in mice with chronic colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that SJMHE1 provided protection against acute and chronic colitis by restoring the immune balance. As a small molecule, SJMHE1 might be a novel agent for the treatment of IBDs without immunogenicity concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Shan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhe Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingqi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodrigues VF, Camelo GMA, de Rezende MC, Maggi L, Silva JKAO, Rodrigues JGM, Araújo MSS, Martins-Filho OA, Negrão-Corrêa D. Infection by Strongyloides venezuelensis attenuates chronic colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate ingestion in BALB/c mice. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152129. [PMID: 34433129 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic health problems of difficult management and treatment. Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association between helminth infections and IBD, and experimental data confirm that helminth infections modulate the severity of experimental acute colitis in mice. However, the effects of helminth infections on chronic colitis, which is clinically more relevant, have been poorly explored. Herein, we investigated whether Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in BALB/c mice can ameliorate chronic colitis induced by the ingestion of water containing 2.5% Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) over three seven-day treatment cycles, with an interval of fourteen days between cycles. Infected-only, DSS-exposed-only, and non-exposed/uninfected experimental groups served as controls for comparing the severity of colitis and intestinal inflammation among different groups. Our data showed that S. venezuelensis infection in mice with DSS-induced chronic colitis reduced clinical signs, attenuated colon shortening and inflammation, and prevented mucus ablation. The modulatory effect was accompanied by a low concentration of IFN-γ, high concentrations of TGF-β, IL-22, and IL-33 in the colon, and a significant increase of the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN). In conclusion, S. venezuelensis infection can reduce the severity of DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice possibly through the stimulation of Treg cells and modulatory cytokines, and induction of mucosal repair mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Maggi
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ - MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ - MG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah Negrão-Corrêa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Inflammatory bowel diseases, the hygiene hypothesis and the other side of the microbiota: Parasites and fungi. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104962. [PMID: 32480001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review tackles the concept of the evolutionary mismatch, in relation with the reduction of the prevalence of the so-called "dirty old friends". These formed the variegated community of parasites and microorganisms, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic, that, over long evolutionary times, co-evolved with humans and their ancestors, inhabiting their digestive tracts, and other body districts. This community of microbial symbionts and metazoan parasites is thought to have evolved a complex network of inter-independence with the host, in particular in relation with their immune stimulating capacity, and with the consequent adaptation of the host immune response to this chronic stimulation. Strictly related to this evolutionary mismatch, the hygiene hypothesis, proposed by David Strachan in 1989, foresees that the increase in the incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders during the twentieth century has been caused by the reduced exposure to parasites and microorganisms, especially in industrialized countries. Among these pathologies, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) occupy a prominent role. From these premises, this review summarizes current knowledge on how variations in the composition of the gut bacterial microbiota, as well as its interactions with fungal communities, influence the overall immune balance, favouring or counteracting gut inflammation in IBDs. Additionally, the effect of worm parasites, either directly on the immune balance, or indirectly, through the modulation of bacterial and fungal microbiota, will be addressed. Finally, we will review a series of studies related to the use of molecules derived from parasitic worms and fungi, which hold the potential to be developed as postbiotics for the treatment of IBDs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Exposure time determines the protective effect of Trichinella spiralis on experimental colitis. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104263. [PMID: 32442663 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrate the protective effect of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) on autoimmune diseases, however the optimal exposure time remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine whether pre-exposure of mice to T. spiralis conferred greater protection than introduction of the parasite in the acute phase of experimental colitis. We compared the effect of T. spiralis on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis using two exposure paradigms: introduction three weeks prior to, or immediately after the induction period. Inflammation scores, morphological changes and cytokine profiles in serum and colonic tissue were assessed. At a parasite dose of 300 cysts, post exposure had a more pronounced effect on cytokine profiles, improved gross appearance of colon tissue, and reduced inflammatory symptoms. In addition, we demonstrate that regardless of cyst number, pre-exposure to T. spiralis did not confer protective benefits when compared to parasite introduction in the acute phase of DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, our data indicates that the underlying mechanisms of action involve an IL-17/TNF-alpha synergistic reaction, suppression of Th1 and Th2 responses, and an upregulation of the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta 1. Our results demonstrate that moderate exposure to T. spiralis in the acute phase of DSS-induced colitis improves disease associated inflammation and tissue disruption.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeshi K, Ruscher R, Hunter L, Daly NL, Loukas A, Wangchuk P. Revisiting Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathology, Treatments, Challenges and Emerging Therapeutics Including Drug Leads from Natural Products. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1273. [PMID: 32354192 PMCID: PMC7288008 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-long disease characterized by gastrointestinal tract inflammation. It is caused by the interplay of the host's genetic predisposition and immune responses, and various environmental factors. Despite many treatment options, there is no cure for IBD. The increasing incidence and prevalence of IBD and lack of effective long-term treatment options have resulted in a substantial economic burden to the healthcare system worldwide. Biologics targeting inflammatory cytokines initiated a shift from symptomatic control towards objective treatment goals such as mucosal healing. There are seven monoclonal antibody therapies excluding their biosimilars approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for induction and maintenance of clinical remission in IBD. Adverse side effects associated with almost all currently available drugs, especially biologics, is the main challenge in IBD management. Natural products have significant potential as therapeutic agents with an increasing role in health care. Given that natural products display great structural diversity and are relatively easy to modify chemically, they represent ideal scaffolds upon which to generate novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the pathology, currently available treatment options for IBD and associated challenges, and the roles played by natural products in health care. It discusses these natural products within the current biodiscovery research agenda, including the applications of drug discovery techniques and the search for next-generation drugs to treat a plethora of inflammatory diseases, with a major focus on IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Roland Ruscher
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Norelle L. Daly
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns QLD 4878, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin Z, Wang PY, Wan JJ, Zhang Y, Wei J, Sun Y, Liu X. MicroRNA124-IL6R Mediates the Effect of Nicotine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance Toward Th1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:235. [PMID: 32153570 PMCID: PMC7050625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations have shown that smoking ameliorates ulcerative colitis (UC) but exacerbates Crohn's disease (CD), diseases that feature a Th2-mediated and Th1-mediated response, respectively. Cigarette extracts, especially nicotine, affect the Th1/Th2 balance. We previously reported that nicotine protects against mouse DSS colitis (similar to UC) by enhancing microRNA-124 (miR-124) expression. Intriguingly, elevation of miR-124 in CD is reported to aggravate the disease. Here we investigate the dual regulation of miR-124 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which may explain the similar bidirectional regulation of tobacco. We found that overexpressed miR-124 protected against mouse DSS-induced colitis with a Th1 polarization in peripheral blood lymphocytes and colon tissues, which was also found in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Conversely, miR-124 knockdown worsened DSS murine colitis with a Th2 polarization. Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 could eliminate the polarization toward Th1 after nicotine treatment, suggesting that miR-124 mediates the effect of nicotine on the Th1/Th2 balance. In addition, interference of IL-6R, which is a downstream target of miR-124, could remarkably weaken the Th1 polarization induced by miR-124. Taken together, these results suggest that nicotine shifts the balance of Th1/Th2 toward Th1 via a miR-124-mediated IL-6R pathway, which might explain its dual role in IBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata in treatment of experimental DSS-induced colitis in mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19127. [PMID: 31836772 PMCID: PMC6911064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of helminth parasite infections to manipulate the immune system of their host towards T regulatory responses has been proposed to suppress the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of Syphacia obvelata in the treatment of experimental DSS -induced colitis. 50 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups: healthy uninfected controls, DSS colitis, receiving only S. obv, preventive (S. obv + DSS) and therapeutic group (DSS + S.obv). Colitis intensity was investigated by measuring body weight changes, stool consistency/bleeding and colon length. To evaluate the immune responses induced by this nematode, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and expressing of FoxP3+ T cells were measured in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches cells. Mice in preventive and therapeutic groups treated with S. obv egg significantly ameliorated the severity of the DSS colitis, indicated by the reduced disease manifestations, improved histopathological scores correlated with the up regulation of Treg responses and down regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. S. obv can prevention and reverse on-going murine DSS colitis. The data suggest that induction of Tregs and change in cytokine profiles during helminthic therapies were responsible for reversed inflammatory events in IBD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mogilevski T, Burgell R, Aziz Q, Gibson PR. Review article: the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:720-737. [PMID: 31418887 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence implicating a role for the brain-gut axis in the pathogenesis of inflammation in patients with IBD. AIMS To perform a narrative review of published literature regarding the association of the autonomic nervous system and intestinal inflammation and to describe the rationale for and emerging use of autonomic manipulation as a therapeutic agent METHODS: Current relevant literature was summarised and critically examined. RESULTS There is substantial pre-clinical and clinical evidence for a multifaceted anti-inflammatory effect of the vagus at both systemic and local intestinal levels. It acts via acetylcholine-mediated activation of α-7-acetylcholine receptors involving multiple cell types in innate and adaptive immunity and the enteric nervous system with subsequent protective influences on the intestinal barrier, inflammatory mechanisms and the microbiome. In patients with IBD, there is evidence for a sympatho-vagal imbalance, functional enteric neuronal depletion and hyporeactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Direct or transcutaneous vagal neuromodulation up-regulates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in pre-clinical and clinical models with down-regulation of systemic and local intestinal inflammation. This is supported by two small studies in Crohn's disease although remains to be investigated in ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS Modulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway influences inflammation both systemically and at a local intestinal level. It represents a potentially underutilised anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy. Given the likely pathogenic role of the autonomic nervous system in patients with IBD, vagal neuromodulation, an apparently safe and successful means of increasing vagal tone, warrants further clinical exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mogilevski
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, London, UK.,Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Burgell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, London, UK.,Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Impact of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease: Co-evolution with the Host Immune System. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:303-318. [PMID: 31123894 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbes within the gastrointestinal tract communicate with each other and with the host, which has profound effects on health and disease development. Only now, it is becoming apparent that how and when we acquire our own unique collection of "gut microbes" and also how we choose to maintain them is fundamental to our health. Helicobacter pylori is the most common bacterial infection worldwide, colonizing around half of the world's population, and is the major risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. More recently, it has also been shown to have some beneficial effects in terms of protecting against the development of other diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge on how H. pylori has shaped gastrointestinal microbiota colonization and the host immune system with specific focus on the impact of H. pylori on the various microbiome niches of the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss how the presence of H. pylori influences the physiology of three major regions within the gastrointestinal tract-specifically the oesophagus, stomach and colon. We pay particular attention to the role of H. pylori under chronic inflammatory conditions including the development of cancer. With increased incidence of diseases such as eosinophilic oesophagitis, oesophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma being attributed to the decline in H. pylori, their disease pathogenesis in light of changing H. pylori colonization is also discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hang L, Kumar S, Blum AM, Urban JF, Fantini MC, Weinstock JV. Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection Decreases Smad7 Expression in Intestinal CD4 + T Cells, Which Allows TGF-β to Induce IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells That Block Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2473-2481. [PMID: 30850474 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Helminthic infections modulate host immunity and may protect their hosts from developing immunological diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. Induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be an important part of this protective process. Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection also promotes the production of the regulatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 in the gut. In the intestines, TGF-β helps induce regulatory T cells. This study used Foxp3/IL-10 double reporter mice to investigate the effect of TGF-β on the differentiation of colon and mesenteric lymph node-derived murine Foxp3- IL-10- CD4+ T cells into their regulatory phenotypes. Foxp3- IL-10- CD4+ T cells from H. polygyrus bakeri-infected mice, as opposed to T cells from uninfected animals, cultured in vitro with TGF-β and anti-CD3/CD28 mAb differentiated into Foxp3+ and/or IL-10+ T cells. The IL-10-producing T cells nearly all displayed CD25. Smad7 is a natural inhibitor of TGF-β signaling. In contrast to gut T cells from uninfected mice, Foxp3- IL10- CD4+ T cells from H. polygyrus bakeri-infected mice displayed reduced Smad7 expression and responded to TGF-β with Smad2/3 phosphorylation. The TGF-β-induced Tregs that express IL-10 blocked colitis when transferred into the Rag/CD25- CD4+ T cell transfer model of inflammatory bowel disease. TGF-β had a greatly diminished capacity to induce Tregs in H. polygyrus bakeri-infected transgenic mice with constitutively high T cell-specific Smad7 expression. Thus, infection with H. polygyrus bakeri causes down-modulation in Smad7 expression in intestinal CD4+ T cells, which allows the TGF-β produced in response to the infection to induce the Tregs that prevent colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Hang
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Sangeeta Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Arthur M Blum
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705; and
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effect of Trichinella spiralis intervention on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice. Immunobiology 2019; 224:147-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
18
|
Xu J, Liu M, Yu P, Wu L, Lu Y. Effect of recombinant Trichinella spiralis cysteine proteinase inhibitor on TNBS-induced experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:28-40. [PMID: 30419451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a high recurrence rate. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two types of IBD. At present, parasite-derived cysteine protease inhibitors have received extensive attention from researchers, and experiments have confirmed that these protease have an effect on certain autoimmune diseases. So we conducted experiments to investigate the effect of Trichinella spiralis cysteine protease inhibitors on TNBS-induced mouse CD models. In this experiment, 72 male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: prevention group and therapy group. The mice were sacrificed and harvested on the 7th day after the model was established to measure the changes of various indicators of colitis. The comparison of the TsCystatin + TNBS group with the PBS + TNBS group showed that the DAI score, MPO activity, and colonic macroscopic and microscopic damage significantly reduced, IFN-γ significantly decreased, IL-4 expression increased, and NF-κB expression decreased. The percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg and CD8+CD28- Treg in spleen, and the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ Treg cells decreased. In the therapy group, we found no significant difference between the TNBS+PBS group and TNBS + TsCystatin group. Treatment with TsCystatin exerted a good intervention effect on the TNBS-induced mouse CD model. TsCystatin possibly induced a Th2-type immune response in the body, which balanced the Th1-type immune response induced by TNBS administration, thereby relieving colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingxu Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijia Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leroux LP, Nasr M, Valanparambil R, Tam M, Rosa BA, Siciliani E, Hill DE, Zarlenga DS, Jaramillo M, Weinstock JV, Geary TG, Stevenson MM, Urban JF, Mitreva M, Jardim A. Analysis of the Trichuris suis excretory/secretory proteins as a function of life cycle stage and their immunomodulatory properties. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15921. [PMID: 30374177 PMCID: PMC6206011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic worms have a remarkable ability to modulate host immune responses through several mechanisms including excreted/secreted proteins (ESP), yet the exact nature of these proteins and their targets often remains elusive. Here, we performed mass spectrometry analyses of ESP (TsESP) from larval and adult stages of the pig whipworm Trichuris suis (Ts) and identified ~350 proteins. Transcriptomic analyses revealed large subsets of differentially expressed genes in the various life cycle stages of the parasite. Exposure of bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells to TsESP markedly diminished secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-12p70. Conversely, TsESP exposure strongly induced release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and also induced high levels of nitric oxide (NO) and upregulated arginase activity in macrophages. Interestingly, TsESP failed to directly induce CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells), while OVA-pulsed TsESP-treated dendritic cells suppressed antigen-specific OT-II CD4+ T cell proliferation. Fractionation of TsESP identified a subset of proteins that promoted anti-inflammatory functions, an activity that was recapitulated using recombinant T. suis triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK). Our study helps illuminate the intricate balance that is characteristic of parasite-host interactions at the immunological interface, and further establishes the principle that specific parasite-derived proteins can modulate immune cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Leroux
- Institute of Parasitology McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier (IAF), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamad Nasr
- Institute of Parasitology McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada
| | - Rajesh Valanparambil
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mifong Tam
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Siciliani
- Institute of Parasitology McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Dolores E Hill
- United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Maritza Jaramillo
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier (IAF), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy G Geary
- Institute of Parasitology McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada
| | - Mary M Stevenson
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of Parasitology McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interaction (CHPI), Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Terhune TD, Deth RC. Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines in the Context of the Hygiene Hypothesis: A Risk Factor for Eosinophilia and Allergy in a Genetically Susceptible Subpopulation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E901. [PMID: 29751492 PMCID: PMC5981940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are similarities between the immune response following immunization with aluminum adjuvants and the immune response elicited by some helminthic parasites, including stimulation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilia. Immunization with aluminum adjuvants, as with helminth infection, induces a Th2 type cell mediated immune response, including eosinophilia, but does not induce an environment conducive to the induction of regulatory mechanisms. Helminths play a role in what is known as the hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that decreased exposure to microbes during a critical time in early life has resulted in the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and atopic disorders over the past few decades, especially in Western countries. In addition, gut and lung microbiome composition and their interaction with the immune system plays an important role in a properly regulated immune system. Disturbances in microbiome composition are a risk factor for asthma and allergies. We propose that immunization with aluminum adjuvants in general is not favorable for induction of regulatory mechanisms and, in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and microbiome theory, can be viewed as an amplifying factor and significant contributing risk factor for allergic diseases, especially in a genetically susceptible subpopulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Terhune
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Richard C Deth
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Togre N, Bhoj P, Amdare N, Goswami K, Tarnekar A, Shende M. Immunomodulatory potential of recombinant filarial protein, rWbL2, and its therapeutic implication in experimental ulcerative colitis in mouse. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:483-490. [PMID: 29411665 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1431925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunomodulation by helminth proteins has potential therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease. In the present study, we have explored the therapeutic effect of a RAL family protein of filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti i.e., rWbL2 protein against DSS induced colitis in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of rWbL2 on mice peritoneal exudate cells was analyzed under in vitro condition. The colitis mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with rWbL2 in increasing doses (10 µg, 25 µg, and 50 µg) on days 4, 5, and 6. Disease severity was assessed by disease activity index (DAI), macroscopic and histopathological scores, and enzyme myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in the colon. The response of the cultured splenocytes from treated mice to Con-A stimulation, in terms of ELISA-based assessment of the protein followed by the assessment of mRNA expression of cytokines, was measured by real-time PCR analysis. RESULT rWbL2 protein showed anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Treatment with rWbL2 (at 25 µg/dose) effectively attenuated disease severity by reducing weight loss, DAI, mucosal edema, colon damage, and MPO activity. This therapeutic effect was found to be associated with increased release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and TNF-α by the splenocytes of treated mice followed by stimulation with Con-A. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence of the strong immunomodulatory potential of rWbL2 protein implicating its therapeutic application against ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namdev Togre
- a Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Center , Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Sevagram , Maharashtra , India
| | - Priyanka Bhoj
- a Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Center , Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Sevagram , Maharashtra , India
| | - Nitin Amdare
- a Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Center , Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Sevagram , Maharashtra , India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- a Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Center , Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Sevagram , Maharashtra , India
| | - Aaditya Tarnekar
- b Department of Anatomy , Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Sevagram , Maharashtra , India
| | - Moreshwar Shende
- b Department of Anatomy , Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Sevagram , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K, Doligalska M. Helminth Therapy: Advances in the use of Parasitic Worms Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and its Challenges. Helminthologia 2018; 55:1-11. [PMID: 31662622 PMCID: PMC6799527 DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of modern medicine and better living conditions in the 20th century helped in reducing a number of cases of infectious diseases. During the same time, expansion of autoimmunological disorders was noticed. Among other are Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease which are chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Absence of effective treatment in standard therapies effects the search for alternative opportunities. As per hygienic hypothesis increasing number of cases of autoimmune diseases is as a result of reduced exposure to pathogens, especially parasites. Thus, one of the promising remedial acts against IBD and other allergic and autoimmune disorders is "helminth therapy". Cure with helminths seems to be the most effective therapy of IBD currently proposed. Helminth therapy focuses on advantageous results that have been obtained from the clinical trials, but its mechanisms are still unclear. Explanation of this phenomenon would help to develop new drugs against IBD based on helminth immunomodulatory molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
- E-mail:
| | - K. Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Doligalska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Preventive Trichuris suis ova (TSO) treatment protects immunocompetent rabbits from DSS colitis but may be detrimental under conditions of immunosuppression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16500. [PMID: 29184071 PMCID: PMC5705695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichuris suis ova (TSO) have been tested for therapeutic application in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) yet understanding of the underlying mechanisms and safety in an immunocompromised host is limited due to lack of a suitable animal model. We used a recently established rabbit model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis to study the efficacy, mechanisms and safety of TSO therapy in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed animals. TSO treatment prevented the DSS induced weight loss, delayed the onset of DSS induced symptoms by 2 days and significantly reduced the disease activity (DAI). TSO treatment protected caecal histology and prevented the colitis-associated loss in faecal microbiota diversity. Mainly the transcriptome of lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) was affected by TSO treatment, showing dampened innate and adaptive inflammatory responses. The protective effect of TSO was lost in immunosuppressed rabbits, where TSO exacerbated colitis. Our data show that preventive TSO treatment ameliorates colitis severity in immunocompetent rabbits, modulates LPMC immune responses and reduces faecal dysbiosis. In contrast, the same TSO treatment exacerbates colitis in immunosuppressed animals. Our data provide further evidence for a therapeutic effect of TSO in IBD, yet caution is required with regard to TSO treatment in immunosuppressed patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lima-Junior JDC, Morgado FN, Conceição-Silva F. How Can Elispot Add Information to Improve Knowledge on Tropical Diseases? Cells 2017; 6:cells6040031. [PMID: 28961208 PMCID: PMC5755491 DOI: 10.3390/cells6040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elispot has been used as an important tool for detecting immune cells' products and functions and has facilitated the understanding of host-pathogen interaction. Despite the incredible diversity of possibilities, two main approaches have been developed: the immunopathogenesis and diagnosis/prognosis of infectious diseases as well as cancer research. Much has been described on the topics of allergy, autoimmune diseases, and HIV-Aids, however, Elispot can also be applied to other infectious diseases, mainly leishmaniasis, malaria, some viruses, helminths and mycosis usually classified as tropical diseases. The comprehension of the function, concentration and diversity of the immune response in the infectious disease is pointed out as crucial to the development of infection or disease in humans and animals. In this review we will describe the knowledge already obtained using Elispot as a method for accessing the profile of immune response as well as the recent advances in information about host-pathogen interaction in order to better understand the clinical outcome of a group of tropical and neglected diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué da Costa Lima-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão 26-4° andar, sala 406-C, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Nazaré Morgado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão 26-5° andar, sala 509, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fátima Conceição-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão 26-4° andar, sala 406-C, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Elliott DE, Weinstock JV. Nematodes and human therapeutic trials for inflammatory disease. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 27977856 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections likely provide a protective influence against some immune-mediated and metabolic diseases because helminth infection dramatically decreased in developed countries shortly before the explosive rise in the prevalence of these diseases. The capacity of helminths to activate immune-regulatory circuits in their hosts and to modulate the composition of intestinal flora appears to be the mechanisms of protective action. Animal models of disease show that various helminth species prevent and/or block inflammation in various organs in a diverse range of diseases. Clinical trials have demonstrated that medicinal exposure to Trichuris suis or small numbers of Necator americanus is safe with minor, if any, reported adverse effects. This includes exposure of inflamed intestine to T. suis, asthmathic lung to N. americanus and in patients with atopy. Efficacy has been suggested in some small studies, but is absent in others. Factors that may have led to inconclusive results in some trials are discussed. To date, there have been no registered clinical trials using helminths to treat metabolic syndrome or its component conditions. However, the excellent safety profile of T. suis or N. americanus suggests that such studies should be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Elliott
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Weingarden AR, Vaughn BP. Intestinal microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2017; 8:238-252. [PMID: 28609251 PMCID: PMC5479396 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1290757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex set of diseases that lead to chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the etiology of IBD is not fully understood, it is well-known that the intestinal microbiota is associated with the development and maintenance of IBD. Manipulation of the gut microbiota, therefore, may represent a target for IBD therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), where fecal microbiota from a healthy donor is transplanted into a patient's GI tract, is already a successful therapy for Clostridium difficile infection. FMT is currently being explored as a potential therapy for IBD as well. In this review, the associations between the gut microbiota and IBD and the emerging data on FMT for IBD will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R. Weingarden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Byron P. Vaughn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,CONTACT Byron P. Vaughn 420 Delaware street SE, MMC36, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cheifetz AS, Gianotti R, Luber R, Gibson PR. Complementary and Alternative Medicines Used by Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:415-429.e15. [PMID: 27743873 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients and physicians often have many questions regarding the role of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), or nonallopathic therapies, for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). CAMs of various forms are used by more than half of patients with IBD during some point in their disease course. We summarize the available evidence for the most commonly used and discussed CAMs. We discuss evidence for the effects of herbs (such as cannabis and curcumin), probiotics, acupuncture, exercise, and mind-body therapy. There have been few controlled studies of these therapies, which have been limited by their small sample sizes; most studies have been uncontrolled. In addition, there has been a lack of quality control for herbal preparations. It has been a challenge to design rigorous, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, in part owing to problems of adequate blinding for psychological interventions, acupuncture, and exercise. These barriers have limited the acceptance of CAMs by physicians. However, such therapies might be used to supplement conventional therapies and help ease patient symptoms. We conclude that physicians should understand the nature of and evidence for CAMs for IBD so that rational advice can be offered to patients who inquire about their use. CAMs have the potential to aid in the treatment of IBD, but further research is needed to validate these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Cheifetz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Gianotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raphael Luber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Endharti AT, Baskoro AD, Norahmawati E. Therapeutic effect of soluble worm protein acting as immune regulatory on colitis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
30
|
Lund ME, Greer J, Dixit A, Alvarado R, McCauley-Winter P, To J, Tanaka A, Hutchinson AT, Robinson MW, Simpson AM, O'Brien BA, Dalton JP, Donnelly S. A parasite-derived 68-mer peptide ameliorates autoimmune disease in murine models of Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37789. [PMID: 27883079 PMCID: PMC5121616 DOI: 10.1038/srep37789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites secrete molecules that potently modulate the immune responses of their hosts and, therefore, have potential for the treatment of immune-mediated human diseases. FhHDM-1, a 68-mer peptide secreted by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica, ameliorated disease in two different murine models of autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes and relapsing-remitting immune-mediated demyelination. Unexpectedly, FhHDM-1 treatment did not affect the proliferation of auto-antigen specific T cells or their production of cytokines. However, in both conditions, the reduction in clinical symptoms was associated with the absence of immune cell infiltrates in the target organ (islets and the brain tissue). Furthermore, after parenteral administration, the FhHDM-1 peptide interacted with macrophages and reduced their capacity to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. We propose this inhibition of innate pro-inflammatory immune responses, which are central to the initiation of autoimmunity in both diseases, prevented the trafficking of autoreactive lymphocytes from the periphery to the site of autoimmunity (as opposed to directly modulating their function per se), and thus prevented tissue destruction. The ability of FhHDM-1 to modulate macrophage function, combined with its efficacy in disease prevention in multiple models, suggests that FhHDM-1 has considerable potential as a treatment for autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Lund
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judith Greer
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aakanksha Dixit
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raquel Alvarado
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Joyce To
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Akane Tanaka
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Hutchinson
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark W Robinson
- Medical Biology Center, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ann M Simpson
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A O'Brien
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- Medical Biology Center, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Treatment with Cestode Parasite Antigens Results in Recruitment of CCR2+ Myeloid Cells, the Adoptive Transfer of Which Ameliorates Colitis. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3471-3483. [PMID: 27672083 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00681-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the immunological underpinnings of host-parasite interactions may reveal immune signaling pathways that could be used to treat inflammatory disease in humans. Previously we showed that infection with the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, used as a model helminth, or systemic delivery of worm antigen (HdAg) significantly reduced the severity of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Extending these analyses, intraperitoneal injection of HdAg dose-dependently suppressed dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, and this was paralleled by reduced gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and increased IL-10 production from mitogen-activated splenocytes. Treatment with HdAg resulted in a CCR2-dependent recruitment of CDllb+ F4/80+ Ly6Chi Gr-1lo monocyte-like cells into the peritoneum 24 h later that were predominantly programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive and CXCR2 negative. In vitro assays indicated that these cells were unable to suppress T cell proliferation but enhanced IL-10 and IL-4 production from activated T cells. Adoptive transfer of the HdAg-recruited monocytic cells into naive mice blocked DSS-induced colitis. These findings add to the variety of means by which treatment with parasitic helminth-derived antigens can ameliorate concomitant disease. A precise understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of HdAg and other helminth-derived antigens (and a parallel consideration of putative side effects) may lead to the development of novel therapies for human idiopathic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Many immune-mediated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and food allergy appeared to have increased in frequency in developed countries in the latter part of the twentieth century. Reports from less developed countries suggest that the "epidemic" of immune-mediated diseases now is spreading into these regions as well. The "hygiene hypothesis" was developed to partly explain this phenomenon. It has been proposed that modern-day sanitary living has altered our exposure to organisms that provided protection from these diseases in the past. Alternations in the composition of our intestinal flora and fauna could play a role. Helminths are a group of worm-like parasitic organisms that have adapted to live in various regions of their hosts. Epidemiological and some clinical data suggest that these organisms can protect people from developing immune-mediated diseases. Animal experimentation has shown that helminths stimulate the production of regulatory cytokines, activate regulatory T cells, and induce regulatory dendritic cells and macrophages. This could be the mechanism by which they protect the host from these diseases. Early clinical studies also suggest that helminths may prove useful for treating immunological diseases. More sophisticated clinical studies are underway, testing live helminth agents as therapeutic agents. Also, a strong effort is ongoing to discover the agents produced by helminths that modulate host immune responses with an eye on developing new, highly effective immune modulatory therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology (Box 233), Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
McLean LP, Smith A, Cheung L, Urban JF, Sun R, Grinchuk V, Desai N, Zhao A, Raufman JP, Shea-Donohue T. Type 3 muscarinic receptors contribute to intestinal mucosal homeostasis and clearance of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis through induction of TH2 cytokines. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G130-41. [PMID: 27173511 PMCID: PMC4967171 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00461.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased appreciation for the role of nicotinic receptors in the modulation of and response to inflammation, the contribution of muscarinic receptors to mucosal homeostasis, clearance of enteric pathogens, and modulation of immune cell function remains relatively undefined. Uninfected and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected wild-type and type 3 muscarinic receptor (M3R)-deficient (Chrm3(-/-)) mice were studied to determine the contribution of M3R to mucosal homeostasis as well as host defense against the TH2-eliciting enteric nematode N. brasiliensis Intestinal permeability and expression of TH1/TH17 cytokines were increased in uninfected Chrm3(-/-) small intestine. Notably, in Chrm3(-/-) mice infected with N. brasiliensis, small intestinal upregulation of TH2 cytokines was attenuated and nematode clearance was delayed. In Chrm3(-/-) mice, TH2-dependent changes in small intestinal function including smooth muscle hypercontractility, increased epithelial permeability, decreased epithelial secretion and absorption, and goblet cell expansion were absent despite N. brasiliensis infection. These findings identify an important role for M3R in host defense and clearance of N. brasiliensis, and support the expanding role of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in maintaining mucosal homeostasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Homeostasis
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/parasitology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/parasitology
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/parasitology
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nippostrongylus/immunology
- Nippostrongylus/pathogenicity
- Phenotype
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/deficiency
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/metabolism
- Strongylida Infections/genetics
- Strongylida Infections/immunology
- Strongylida Infections/metabolism
- Strongylida Infections/parasitology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/parasitology
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon P McLean
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allen Smith
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland; and
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland; and
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland; and
| | - Rex Sun
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Viktoriya Grinchuk
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neemesh Desai
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aiping Zhao
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Manuc TEM, Manuc MM, Diculescu MM. Recent insights into the molecular pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: a review of emerging therapeutic targets. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2016; 9:59-70. [PMID: 27042137 PMCID: PMC4801167 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s53381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a subject of great interest in gastroenterology, due to a pathological mechanism that is difficult to explain and an optimal therapeutic approach still undiscovered. Crohn's disease (CD) is one of the main entities in IBD, characterized by clinical polymorphism and great variability in the treatment response. Modern theories on the pathogenesis of CD have proven that gut microbiome and environmental factors lead to an abnormal immune response in a genetically predisposed patient. Genome-wide association studies in patients with CD worldwide revealed several genetic mutations that increase the risk of IBD and that predispose to a more severe course of disease. Gut microbiota is considered a compulsory and an essential part in the pathogenesis of CD. Intestinal dysmicrobism with excessive amounts of different bacterial strains can be found in all patients with IBD. The discovery of Escherichia coli entero-invasive on resection pieces in patients with CD now increases the likelihood of antimicrobial or vaccine-type treatments. Recent studies targeting intestinal immunology and its molecular activation pathways provide new possibilities for therapeutics. In addition to antitumor necrosis factor molecules, which were a breakthrough in IBD, improving mucosal healing and resection-free survival rate, other classes of therapeutic agents come to focus. Leukocyte adhesion inhibitors block the leukocyte homing mechanism and prevent cellular immune response. In addition to anti-integrin antibodies, chemokine receptor antagonists and SMAD7 antisense oligonucleotides have shown encouraging results in clinical trials. Micro-RNAs have demonstrated their role as disease biomarkers but it could also become useful for the treatment of IBD. Moreover, cellular therapy is another therapeutic approach under development, aimed for severe refractory CD. Other experimental treatments include intravenous immunoglobulins, exclusive enteral nutrition, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mircea M Manuc
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Autoimmune and chronic inflammatory organic diseases represent a "postindustrial revolution epidemics," and their frequency has increased dramatically in the last century. Today, it is assumed that the increase in hygiene standards reduced the interactions with helminth parasites that coevolved with the immune system and are crucial for its proper functioning. Several helminths have been proposed and tested in the search of the ideal therapeutic. In this review, the authors summarize the translational and clinical studies and review the caveats and possible solutions for the optimization of helminth therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fleming JO, Weinstock JV. Clinical trials of helminth therapy in autoimmune diseases: rationale and findings. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:277-92. [PMID: 25600983 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Some helminths are major human pathogens. Recently, however, increased understanding of the immunoregulatory responses induced by this class of parasites, in combination with epidemiologic and animal studies, suggests that helminths may have therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases (AD) and other conditions. This article reviews the rationale for and results of clinical trials to test the safety and efficacy of helminth therapy in AD. Also discussed are future prospects for investigation and the possibility that helminth treatment may serve as a probe to help reveal the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Fleming
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alpaerts K, Buckinx R, Cools N, Heylen M, Nullens S, Berneman Z, De Winter B, Adriaensen D, Van Nassauw L, Timmermans JP. Effect of schistosomiasis on CX3CR1-expressing mononuclear phagocytes in the ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes of the mouse. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1587-99. [PMID: 26303459 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) maintain immune homeostasis, only initiating an active immune response against invading pathogens. However, little information is available on the reaction of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) to intestinal trematode infection, a reaction equally important in helminth-based therapies. The CD11c(+) CX3CR1(+) F4/80(-) DCs in the ileal lamina propria (LP) of the mouse were proven to migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). We analyzed all MNP subsets present in the mouse LP and MLNs, under steady-state conditions and during acute Schistosoma mansoni-induced inflammation. Furthermore, we studied the uptake of schistosomal antigens by MNP in vivo in the LP and MLNs. METHODS Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and multiparametric flow cytometry, we investigated distributional changes of the MNP during acute intestinal schistosomiasis. Next, S. mansoni-derived products, i.e., S. mansoni soluble worm proteins (SmSWP) and S. mansoni soluble egg antigens (SmSEA) were intraperitoneally injected into CX3CR1(+/) (GFP) C57BL/6 mice and antigen uptake was analyzed using confocal microscopy. KEY RESULTS The CD11c(+) CX3CR1(+) F4/80(-) DCs significantly increased during intestinal schistosomiasis in the LP and MLNs. Only CX3CR1-expressing DC and MФ subsets, but not other LP DCs, are involved in both SmSWP and SmSEA antigen uptake and processing. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The significant upregulation of CD11c(+) CX3CR1(+) F4/80(-) DCs during intestinal schistosomiasis and the restriction of phagocytosis of parasitic antigens to CX3CR1-expresssing MNP indicate a crucial role for this immune cell niche in response to trematodiasis. These findings add insight into the functional specialization of LP immune cells and add to the understanding of cellular mechanisms behind helminth-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Alpaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Buckinx
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - N Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Heylen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Nullens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Z Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - B De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Van Nassauw
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J-P Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Croxford JL, Miyake S. Immunoregulation of multiple sclerosis by gut environmental factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ludovic Croxford
- Department of Immunology; Juntendo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology; Juntendo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Khatri V, Amdare N, Tarnekar A, Goswami K, Reddy MVR. Brugia malayi cystatin therapeutically ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:585-94. [PMID: 26358507 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helminth immunomodulation in the host has been shown to have therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel diseases. In this study we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Brugia malayi recombinant cystatin (rBmCys) in a dose-dependent manner on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of rBmCys on mice peritoneal exudate cells was initially analyzed in vitro. BALB/c mice were fed with 5% DSS for 7 days to induce colitis. The colitis mice were treated intraperitoneally with rBmCys (10, 25 or 50 µg for the three different groups of mice) on days 1, 3 and 5 of the DSS administration. Disease severity was assessed by the disease activity index (DAI) and macroscopic and histopathological scores of colon and myeloperoxidase activity in colonic mucosa. Cytokine profiles were measured in sera and cultured splenocytes of treated mice followed by stimulation with rBmCys. RESULTS rBmCys showed anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Treatment of DSS-induced colitis with rBmCys in mice ameliorated the overall disease severity as reflected by a significant reduction in weight loss, the DAI, mucosal edema, colon damage and myeloperoxidase activity of the colonic mucosa. While the mRNA expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6 and IL-17 were downregulated, IL-10 expression was upregulated in the splenocytes of colitis mice treated with rBmCys. The amelioration of DSS-induced colitis occurred in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate an anti-inflammatory potential of rBmCys and provide evidence for using this protein as a promising therapeutic agent in ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry & JB Tropical Disease Research Center, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Amdare
- Department of Biochemistry & JB Tropical Disease Research Center, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aaditya Tarnekar
- Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalyan Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry & JB Tropical Disease Research Center, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maryada Venkata Rami Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry & JB Tropical Disease Research Center, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
La Flamme AC. The platinum age of parasitology: harnessing the power of the parasite. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:275-6. [PMID: 25891136 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A C La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Versini M, Jeandel PY, Bashi T, Bizzaro G, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Unraveling the Hygiene Hypothesis of helminthes and autoimmunity: origins, pathophysiology, and clinical applications. BMC Med 2015; 13:81. [PMID: 25879741 PMCID: PMC4396177 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hygiene Hypothesis (HH) attributes the dramatic increase in autoimmune and allergic diseases observed in recent decades in Western countries to the reduced exposure to diverse immunoregulatory infectious agents. This theory has since largely been supported by strong epidemiological and experimental evidence. DISCUSSION The analysis of these data along with the evolution of the Western world's microbiome enable us to obtain greater insight into microorganisms involved in the HH, as well as their regulatory mechanisms on the immune system. Helminthes and their derivatives were shown to have a protective role. Helminthes' broad immunomodulatory properties have already begun to be exploited in clinical trials of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type-1 diabetes. SUMMARY In this review, we will dissect the microbial actors thought to be involved in the HH as well as their immunomodulatory mechanisms as emphasized by experimental studies, with a particular attention on parasites. Thereafter, we will review the early clinical trials using helminthes' derivatives focusing on autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Versini
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Archet-1 Hospital, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 151 Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06202, Nice, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Jeandel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Archet-1 Hospital, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 151 Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06202, Nice, France.
| | - Tomer Bashi
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Giorgia Bizzaro
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Miri Blank
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
- The Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hasby EA, Hasby Saad MA, Shohieb Z, El Noby K. FoxP3+ T regulatory cells and immunomodulation after Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization in experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Immunol 2015; 295:67-76. [PMID: 25766778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen immunization on the immunomodulation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis as an experimental model of IBD in comparison to non immunization and healthy control. The study was performed on 180 mice; 25 healthy control, 15 to identify the inflammatory peak of DSS, 25 received DSS for 7 days; 90 infected with S. mansoni cercariae to collect eggs for antigen preparation, and 25 immunized with the prepared antigen then received DSS course. Disease activity index, macroscopic & microscopic inflammatory scores, FoxP3+ T regulatory cell count, myeloperoxidase activity, and Th1/Th2 cytokine profile were compared in studied groups. Immunization induced both FoxP3+ T(regs) and Th2 cytokines to establish a state of immune homeostasis and create a quiescent steadier immune response to DSS. S. mansoni egg antigen succeeded in acting like a prophylactic helminthic therapy as it has a profitable modulatory effect on DSS-induced colitis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiman A Hasby
- Pathology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
| | | | - Zeinab Shohieb
- Medical Parasitology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Kholoud El Noby
- Medical Parasitology Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Leonardi I, Nicholls F, Atrott K, Cee A, Tewes B, Greinwald R, Rogler G, Frey-Wagner I. Oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate induces a caecum-localized colitis in rabbits. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:151-62. [PMID: 25716348 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichuris suis ova (TSO) have shown promising results in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the mechanisms which underlies this therapeutic effect cannot be studied in mice and rats as T. suis fails to colonize the rodent intestine, whilst hatching in humans and rabbits. As a suitable rabbit IBD model is currently not available, we developed a rabbit colitis model by administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). White Himalayan rabbits (n = 12) received 0.1% DSS in the daily water supply for five days. Clinical symptoms were monitored daily, and rabbits were sacrificed at different time points. A genomewide expression analysis was performed with RNA isolated from caecal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). The disease activity index of DSS rabbits increased up to 2.1 ± 0.4 (n = 6) at day 10 (controls <0.5). DSS induced a caecum-localized pathology with crypt architectural distortion, stunted villous surface and inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. The histopathology score reached a peak of 14.2 ± 4.9 (n = 4) at day 10 (controls 7.7 ± 0.9, n = 5). Expression profiling revealed an enrichment of IBD-related genes in both LPMC and IEC. Innate inflammatory response, Th17 signalling and chemotaxis were among the pathways affected significantly. We describe a reproducible and reliable rabbit model of DSS colitis. Localization of the inflammation in the caecum and its similarities to IBD make this model particularly suitable to study TSO therapy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flora Nicholls
- Central Biological Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Cee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Tewes
- Research and Development, Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Greinwald
- Research and Development, Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zaph C, Cooper PJ, Harris NL. Mucosal immune responses following intestinal nematode infection. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:439-52. [PMID: 25201407 PMCID: PMC4312905 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In most natural environments, the large majority of mammals harbour parasitic helminths that often live as adults within the intestine for prolonged periods (1–2 years) 1. Although these organisms have been eradicated to a large extent within westernized human populations, those living within rural areas of developing countries continue to suffer from high infection rates. Indeed, recent estimates indicate that approximately 2·5 billion people worldwide, mainly children, currently suffer from infection with intestinal helminths (also known as geohelminths and soil-transmitted helminths) 2. Paradoxically, the eradication of helminths is thought to contribute to the increased incidence of autoimmune diseases and allergy observed in developed countries. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of host–helminth interactions at the mucosal surface that result in parasite expulsion or permit the establishment of chronic infections with luminal dwelling adult worms. We will also provide insight into the adaptive immune mechanisms that provide immune protection against re-infection with helminth larvae, a process that is likely to be key to the future development of successful vaccination strategies. Lastly, the contribution of helminths to immune modulation and particularly to the treatment of allergy and inflammatory bowel disease will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zaph
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ben-Ami Shor D, Bashi T, Lachnish J, Fridkin M, Bizzaro G, Barshak I, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Phosphorylcholine-tuftsin compound prevents development of dextransulfate-sodium-salt induced murine colitis: implications for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. J Autoimmun 2014; 56:111-7. [PMID: 25479760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved clinical findings of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) upon treatment with helminthes and their ova were proven in animal models of IBD and in human clinical studies. The immunomodulatory properties of several helminthes were attributed to the phosphorylcholine (PC) molecule. We assessed the therapeutic potential of tuftsin-PC conjugate (TPC) to attenuate murine colitis. Colitis was induced by Dextransulfate-Sodium-Salt (DSS) in drinking water. TPC was given by daily oral ingestion (50 μg/0.1 ml/mouse or PBS) starting at day -2. Disease activity index (DAI) score was followed daily and histology of the colon was performed by H&E staining. Analysis of the cytokines profile in distal colon lysates was performed by immunoblot. Treatment of DSS induced colitis with TPC prevented the severity of colitis, including a reduction in the DAI score, less shortening of the colon and less inflammatory activity in histology. The immunoblot showed that the colitis preventive activity of TPC was associated with downregulation of colon pro-inflammatory IL-1β, TNFα and IL-17 cytokines expression, and enhancement of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine expression. In the current study, we demonstrated that TPC treatment can prevent significantly experimental colitis induction in naïve mice. We propose the TPC as a novel potential small synthetic molecule to treat colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ben-Ami Shor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tomer Bashi
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jordan Lachnish
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giorgia Bizzaro
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Iris Barshak
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Heylen M, Ruyssers NE, De Man JG, Timmermans JP, Pelckmans PA, Moreels TG, De Winter BY. Worm proteins of Schistosoma mansoni reduce the severity of experimental chronic colitis in mice by suppressing colonic proinflammatory immune responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110002. [PMID: 25313594 PMCID: PMC4196959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although helminthic therapy as a possible new option to treat inflammatory bowel disease is a well-established concept by now, the search for immunomodulatory helminth-derived compounds and their mechanisms of action is still ongoing. We investigated the therapeutic potential and the underlying immunological mechanisms of Schistosoma mansoni soluble worm proteins (SmSWP) in an adoptive T cell transfer mouse model of chronic colitis. Both a curative and a preventive treatment protocol were included in this study. The curative administration of SmSWP (started when colitis was established), resulted in a significant improvement of the clinical disease score, colonoscopy, macroscopic and microscopic inflammation score, colon length and myeloperoxidase activity. The therapeutic potential of the preventive SmSWP treatment (started before colitis was established), was less pronounced compared with the curative SmSWP treatment but still resulted in an improved clinical disease score, body weight loss, colon length and microscopic inflammation score. Both the curative and preventive SmSWP treatment downregulated the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17A and upregulated the mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in the colon at the end of the experiment. This colonic immunomodulatory effect of SmSWP could not be confirmed at the protein level. Moreover, the effect of SmSWP appeared to be a local colonic phenomenon, since the flow cytometric T cell characterization of the mesenteric lymph nodes and the cytokine measurements in the serum did not reveal any effect of SmSWP treatment. In conclusion, SmSWP treatment reduced the severity of colitis in the adoptive transfer mouse model via the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and the induction of an anti-inflammatory response in the colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Heylen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie E. Ruyssers
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris G. De Man
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul A. Pelckmans
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom G. Moreels
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bruun JM, Carstensen JM, Vejzagić N, Christensen S, Roepstorff A, Kapel CMO. OvaSpec - A vision-based instrument for assessing concentration and developmental stage of Trichuris suis parasite egg suspensions. Comput Biol Med 2014; 53:94-104. [PMID: 25129021 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OvaSpec is a new, fully automated, vision-based instrument for assessing the quantity (concentration) and quality (embryonation percentage) of Trichuris suis parasite eggs in liquid suspension. The eggs constitute the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a medicinal drug for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases such as Crohn׳s disease, ulcerative colitis, and multiple sclerosis. METHODS This paper describes the development of an automated microscopy technology, including methodological challenges and design decisions of relevance for the future development of comparable vision-based instruments. Morphological properties are used to distinguish eggs from impurities and two features of the egg contents under brightfield and darkfield illumination are used in a statistical classification to distinguish eggs with undifferentiated contents (non-embryonated eggs) from eggs with fully developed larvae inside (embryonated eggs). RESULTS For assessment of the instrument׳s performance, six egg suspensions of varying quality were used to generate a dataset of unseen images. Subsequently, annotation of the detected eggs and impurities revealed a high agreement with the manual, image-based assessments for both concentration and embryonation percentage (both error rates <1.0%). Similarly, a strong correlation was demonstrated in a final, blinded comparison with traditional microscopic assessments performed by an experienced laboratory technician. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the applicability of computer vision in the production, analysis, and quality control of T. suis eggs used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Musaeus Bruun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Parasite Technologies A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Jens Michael Carstensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nermina Vejzagić
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Svend Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Christian M O Kapel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Parasite Technologies A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wammes LJ, Mpairwe H, Elliott AM, Yazdanbakhsh M. Helminth therapy or elimination: epidemiological, immunological, and clinical considerations. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:1150-1162. [PMID: 24981042 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deworming is rightly advocated to prevent helminth-induced morbidity. Nevertheless, in affluent countries, the deliberate infection of patients with worms is being explored as a possible treatment for inflammatory diseases. Several clinical trials are currently registered, for example, to assess the safety or efficacy of Trichuris suis ova in allergies, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and autism, and the Necator americanus larvae for allergic rhinitis, asthma, coeliac disease, and multiple sclerosis. Studies in animals provide strong evidence that helminths can not only downregulate parasite-specific immune responses, but also modulate autoimmune and allergic inflammatory responses and improve metabolic homoeostasis. This finding suggests that deworming could lead to the emergence of inflammatory and metabolic conditions in countries that are not prepared for these new epidemics. Further studies in endemic countries are needed to assess this risk and to enhance understanding of how helminths modulate inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Studies are similarly needed in non-endemic countries to move helminth-related interventions that show promise in animals, and in phase 1 and 2 studies in human beings, into the therapeutic development pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Wammes
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Harriet Mpairwe
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alison M Elliott
- MRC/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cepon-Robins TJ, Liebert MA, Gildner TE, Urlacher SS, Colehour AM, Snodgrass JJ, Madimenos FC, Sugiyama LS. Soil-transmitted helminth prevalence and infection intensity among geographically and economically distinct Shuar communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon. J Parasitol 2014; 100:598-607. [PMID: 24865410 DOI: 10.1645/13-383.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections can result in a variety of negative health outcomes (e.g., diarrhea, nutritional deficiencies). Market integration (MI; participation in market-based economies) has been suggested to alter levels of STH exposure due to associated changes in diet, sanitation, and behavior, but the effects are complicated and not well understood. Some effects of economic development result in decreased exposure to certain pathogens, and other factors can lead to higher pathogen exposure. With geographic location used as a proxy, the present study investigates the effects of economic development on parasite load among an indigenous population at multiple points along the spectrum of MI. This research has many implications for public health, including an increased understanding of how social and economic changes alter disease risk around the world and how changing parasite load affects other health outcomes (i.e., allergy, autoimmunity). Specifically, this study examines the prevalence of intestinal helminths among the Shuar, an indigenous group in the Morona-Santiago region of Ecuador, from 2 geographically/economically separated areas, with the following objectives: (1) report STH infection prevalence and intensity among Shuar; (2) explore STH infection prevalence and intensity as it relates to age distribution in the Shuar population; (3) compare STH infection patterns in geographically and economically separated Shuar communities at different levels of MI. Kato-Katz thick smears were made from fresh stool samples and examined to determine STH presence/intensity. Results indicate that 65% of the 211 participants were infected with at least 1 STH. Twenty-five percent of the sample had coinfections with at least 2 species of helminth. Infection was more common among juveniles (<15 yr) than adults. Infection prevalence and intensity was highest among more isolated communities with less market access. This study documents preliminary associations between STH infection and exposure to MI, with implications for public health research and interventions.
Collapse
|