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Yin XL, Li JC, Xue R, Li S, Zhang Y, Dong HJ, Li Y, Wang HL, Zhang YZ. Melatonin pretreatment prevents propofol-induced sleep disturbance by modulating circadian rhythm in rats. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114086. [PMID: 35460759 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative sleep disorder frequently occurs in patients after surgery. Sleep disturbance aggravates pain, anxiety, and delirium, which is an important risk factor for poor recovery. Circadian rhythm disorder induced by general anesthesia plays important role in postoperative sleep disorders. A large number of clinical studies have shown that various forms and duration of general anesthesia can lead to postoperative sleep disorders. In this study, the effect of prolonged propofol anesthesia on biological rhythm was comprehensively evaluated by wireless physiological telemetry system, and the therapeutic effect of exogenous melatonin pretreatment was further investigated. The results showed that prolonged propofol anesthesia had significant impacts on the circadian rhythm of sleep, body temperature, locomotor activity and endogenous melatonin secretion within 24 h following anesthesia, resulting in diminished oscillation amplitude. In hypothalamus, the expression of circadian factor PER and CRY were inhibited by propofol, possibly through activation of CAMK-CREB signaling pathway. Post-translational factors GSK-3β, SIRT1, AMPK were also involved in the regulation of circadian factors after propofol anesthesia. Melatonin pretreatment could restore circadian rhythm process by regulating circadian factor expression through post-translational modulation and prohibit the over-synthesis of melatonin in pineal gland. This study verified the effects of anesthetics on circadian rhythm and further evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of melatonin on postoperative circadian rhythm and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lei Yin
- Hebei North University, Heibei, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Cao Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China.
| | - Hua-Jin Dong
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-Lin Wang
- Hebei North University, Heibei, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - You-Zhi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, China.
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2
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Zan GY, Sun X, Wang YJ, Liu R, Wang CY, Du WJ, Guo LB, Chai JR, Li QL, Liu ZQ, Liu JG. Amygdala dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system modulates depressive-like behavior in mice following chronic social defeat stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:577-587. [PMID: 34035484 PMCID: PMC8888759 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder is a severe and recurrent neuropsychological disorder characterized by lowered mood and social activity and cognitive impairment. Owing to unclear molecular mechanisms of depression, limited interventions are available in clinic. In this study we investigated the role of dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in the development of depression. Mice were subjected to chronic social defeat stress for 14 days. Chronic social defeat stress induced significant social avoidance in mice characterized by decreased time duration in the interaction zone and increased time duration in the corner zone. Pre-administration of a κ opioid receptor antagonist norBNI (10 mg/kg, i.p.) could prevent the development of social avoidance induced by chronic social defeat stress. Social avoidance was not observed in κ opioid receptor knockout mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We further revealed that social defeat stress activated c-fos and ERK signaling in the amygdala without affecting the NAc, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and ERK activation was blocked by systemic injection of norBNI. Finally, the expression of dynorphin A, the endogenous ligand of κ opioid receptor, was significantly increased in the amygdala following social defeat stress; microinjection of norBNI into the amygdala prevented the development of depressive-like behaviors caused by social defeat stress. The present study demonstrates that upregulated dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in the amygdala leads to the emergence of depression following chronic social defeat stress, and sheds light on κ opioid receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of depression following chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-ying Zan
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China ,grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yu-jun Wang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Chen-yao Wang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-jia Du
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liu-bin Guo
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-rui Chai
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing-lin Li
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jing-gen Liu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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3
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Zhang D, Liu J, Zhu T, Zhou C. Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:55-71. [PMID: 34503426 PMCID: PMC9199548 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210909150200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
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4
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Platholi J, Hemmings HC. Effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission and plasticity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:27-54. [PMID: 34344292 PMCID: PMC9199550 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210803105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics depress excitatory and/or enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission principally by modulating the function of glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses, respectively, with relative anesthetic agent-specific mechanisms. Synaptic signaling proteins, including ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, are targeted by general anesthetics to modulate various synaptic mechanisms, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic receptor signaling, and dendritic spine dynamics to produce their characteristic acute neurophysiological effects. As synaptic structure and plasticity mediate higher-order functions such as learning and memory, long-term synaptic dysfunction following anesthesia may lead to undesirable neurocognitive consequences depending on the specific anesthetic agent and the vulnerability of the population. Here we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of transient and persistent general anesthetic alterations of synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
| | - Hugh C Hemmings
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
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5
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Yang L, Ton H, Zhao R, Geron E, Li M, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Yu B, Yang G, Xie Z. Sevoflurane induces neuronal activation and behavioral hyperactivity in young mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11226. [PMID: 32641746 PMCID: PMC7343864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic, may cause agitation in patients. However, the mechanism underlying this clinical observation remains largely unknown. We thus assessed the effects of sevoflurane on neuronal activation and behaviors in mice. Ten-day-old mice received 2% sevoflurane, 1% isoflurane, or 6% desflurane for 10 minutes. The behavioral activities were recorded and evaluated at one minute after the loss of righting reflex in the mice, which was about two minutes after the anesthetic administration. The neuronal activation was evaluated by c-Fos expression and calcium imaging at one minute after the anesthetic administration. Propofol, which reduces neuronal activation, was used to determine the cause-and-effect of sevoflurane. We found that sevoflurane caused an increase in neuronal activation in primary somatosensory cortex of young mice and behavioral hyperactivity in the mice at one minute after the loss of righting reflex. Desflurane did not induce behavioral hyperactivity and isoflurane only caused behavioral hyperactivity with borderline significance. Finally, propofol attenuated the sevoflurane-induced increase in neuronal activation and behavioral hyperactivity in young mice. These results demonstrate an unexpected sevoflurane-induced increase in neuronal activation and behavioral hyperactivity in young mice. These findings suggest the potential mechanisms underlying the sevoflurane-induced agitation and will promote future studies to further determine whether anesthetics can induce behavioral hyperactivity via increasing neuronal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129-2060, USA
| | - Hoai Ton
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129-2060, USA
| | - Ruohe Zhao
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Erez Geron
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129-2060, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129-2060, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129-2060, USA
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129-2060, USA.
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Mukai A, Suehiro K, Kimura A, Fujimoto Y, Funao T, Mori T, Nishikawa K. Protective effects of remote ischemic preconditioning against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:e137-e156. [PMID: 32414598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning against spinal cord ischemia and find a clue to its mechanism by measuring glutamate concentrations in the spinal ventral horn. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6 in each group) as follows: sham; SCI (only spinal cord ischemia); RIPC/SCI (perform remote ischemic preconditioning before spinal cord ischemia); MK-801/RIPC/SCI (administer MK-801, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, before remote ischemic preconditioning); and MK-801/SCI (administer MK-801 without remote ischemic preconditioning). Remote ischemic preconditioning was achieved by brief limb ischemia 80 minutes before spinal cord ischemia. MK-801 (1 mg/kg, intravenous) was administered 60 minutes before remote ischemic preconditioning. The glutamate concentration in the ventral horn was measured by microdialysis for 130 minutes after spinal cord ischemia. Immunofluorescence was also performed to evaluate the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit in the ventral horn 130 minutes after spinal cord ischemia. RESULTS The glutamate concentrations in the spinal cord ischemia group were significantly higher than in the sham group at all time points (P < .01). Remote ischemic preconditioning attenuated the spinal cord ischemia-induced glutamate increase. When MK-801 was preadministered before remote ischemic preconditioning, glutamate concentration was increased after spinal cord ischemia (P < .01). Immunofluorescence showed that remote ischemic preconditioning prevented the increase in the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit on the surface of motor neurons (P = .047). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that remote ischemic preconditioning prevented spinal cord ischemia-induced extracellular glutamate increase in ventral horn and suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mukai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Suehiro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Aya Kimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Funao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Liu X, Geng J, Guo H, Zhao H, Ai Y. Propofol inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in status epilepticus through miR-15a-5p/NR2B/ERK1/2 pathway. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1000-1011. [PMID: 32212891 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1743909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a previous study reported that propofol had a therapeutic effect in status epilepticus (SE), the mechanisms underlying the effect of propofol in SE remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying propofol-induced inhibition of SE.A rat SE model was established using the lithium-pilocarpine injection method. A qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to detect the expression of relative molecules. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by a flow cytometry assay. The interaction between miR-15a-5p and NR2B was assessed using a luciferase reporter assay.Propofol inhibited cell apoptosis and increased miR-15a-5p expression both in hippocampal tissues of SE rats and low Mg2+-induced hippocampal neurons. Propofol-induced attenuation of apoptosis of low Mg2+-induced hippocampal neurons was mediated by miR-15a-5p. miR-15a-5p targeted NR2B and negatively regulated its expression. Propofol downregulated NR2B expression, mediated by miR-15a-5p. In terms of the mechanism of action, propofol suppressed the apoptosis of Mg2+-induced hippocampal neurons through the miR-15a-5p/NR2B/ERK1/2 pathway. In vivo experiment suggested that propofol inhibited the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in SE rats by upregulating miR-15a-5p.In terms of the molecular mechanism of propofol, it appears to inhibit apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in SE through the miR-15a-5p/NR2B/ERK1/2 pathway. The findings provide theoretical support for propofol treatment of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiefeng Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiming Guo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Ai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Ali F, Wijdicks EF. Treatment of Movement Disorder Emergencies in Autoimmune Encephalitis in the Neurosciences ICU. Neurocrit Care 2020; 32:286-294. [PMID: 31732848 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune response against neuronal and glial cell surface and cytosolic antigens is an important cause of encephalitis. It may be triggered by activation of the immune system in response to an infection (para-infectious), cancer (paraneoplastic), or due to a patient's tendency toward autoimmunity. Antibodies directed toward neuronal cell surface antigens are directly pathogenic, whereas antibodies with intracellular targets may become pathogenic if the antigen is transiently exposed to the cell surface or via activation of cytotoxic T cells. Immune-mediated encephalitis is well recognized and may require intensive care due to status epilepticus, need for invasive ventilation, or dysautonomia. Patients with immune-mediated encephalitis may become critically ill and display clinically complex and challenging to treat movement disorders in over 80% of the cases (Zhang et al. in Neurocrit Care 29(2):264-272, 2018). Treatment options include immunotherapy and symptomatic agents affecting dopamine or acetylcholine neurotransmission. There has been no prior published guidance for management of these movement disorders for the intensivist. Herein, we discuss the immune-mediated encephalitis most likely to cause critical illness, clinical features and mechanisms of movement disorders and propose a management algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Ali
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Eelco F Wijdicks
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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9
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Xian F, Li Q, Chen Z. Overexpression of phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 reverses the damage induced by propofol in hippocampal neurons. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1583-1592. [PMID: 31257496 PMCID: PMC6625386 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol is a general anesthetic used in surgical operations. Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15(PEA15) was initially identified in astrocytes. The present study examined the role of PEA15 in the damage induced by propofol in hippocampal neurons. A model of hippocampal neuron damage was established using 50 µmol/l propofol. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were tested by Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to measure the expression levels of PEA15, and additional factors involved in apoptosis or in the signaling pathway downstream of PEA15. The present results suggested that propofol significantly decreased PEA15 expression levels in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, overexpression of PEA15 significantly increased the cell viability and cell proliferation of cells treated with propofol. Additionally, PEA15 overexpression decreased apoptosis, which was promoted by propofol. Treatment with propofol significantly decreased the protein expression levels of pro‑caspase‑3, B‑cell lymphoma-2, phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) and phosphorylated cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1). However, propofol upregulated active caspase‑3 and Bax expression levels. Notably, PEA15 overexpression was able to reverse the effects of propofol. Collectively, overexpression of PEA15 was able to attenuate the neurotoxicity of propofol in rat hippocampal neurons by increasing proliferation and repressing apoptosis via upregulation of the ERK‑CREB‑RSK2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Qifang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zuping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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10
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Hu Q, Huang L, Zhao C, Shen Y, Zheng XF, Wang Y, Zhou CH, Wu YQ. Ca 2+-PKCα-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved in the suppressive effect of propofol on proliferation of neural stem cells from the neonatal rat hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:148-155. [PMID: 31002911 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to propofol induces persistent behavioral abnormalities in adulthood. In addition to triggering the apoptosis of neurons in the developing brain, anesthetics may contribute to the development of cognitive deficits by interfering neurogenesis. Given the importance of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in neurogenesis, the effect of propofol on NSC proliferation and the mechanisms underlying this effect were investigated. Hippocampal NSC proliferation from neonatal rats was examined using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays in vitro. The [Ca2+]i was analyzed using flow cytometry. The activations of protein kinase C (PKC)-α and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) were measured by western blot. Our results showed that propofol significantly inhibited NSC proliferation in vitro. [Ca2+]i and activations of PKCα and ERK1/2 in NSCs were markedly suppressed by propofol (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μM). Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil, PKCα inhibitor chelerythrine and ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor PD98059 exerted their maximal effects on NSC function at concentrations of 20, 10 and 20 μM, respectively. Propofol (20 μM) could not produce further additional suppression effects when used in combination with verapamil (20 μM), chelerythrine (10 μM) or PD98059 (20 μM). In addition, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, a activator of PKC) markedly attenuated the suppressive effects of propofol on ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NSC proliferation. The inhibition effects on PKCα activation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NSC proliferation induced by propofol were significantly improved by BayK8644 (a calcium channel agonist). These results indicate that propofol can inhibits hippocampal NSC proliferation by suppressing the Ca2+-PKCα-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Women & Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng-Hua Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China.
| | - Yu-Qing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China.
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11
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Yu D, Xiao R, Huang J, Cai Y, Bao X, Jing S, Du Z, Yang T, Fan X. Neonatal exposure to propofol affects interneuron development in the piriform cortex and causes neurobehavioral deficits in adult mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:657-670. [PMID: 30415279 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Animal studies have shown that early postnatal propofol administration is involved in neurobehavioral alterations in adults. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. METHODS We used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to identify activated neurons in brain regions of neonatal mice under propofol exposure and performed behavioral tests to observe the long-term consequences. RESULTS Exposure to propofol (30g or 60 mg/kg) on P7 produced significant c-Fos expression in the deep layers of the piriform cortex on P8. Double immunofluorescence of c-Fos with interneuron markers in the piriform cortex revealed that c-Fos was specifically induced in calbindin (CB)-positive interneurons. Repeated propofol exposure from P7 to P9 induced behavioral deficits in adult mice, such as olfactory function deficit in a buried food test, decreased sociability in a three-chambered choice task, and impaired recognitive ability of learning and memory in novel object recognition tests. However, locomotor activity in the open-field test was not generally affected. Propofol treatment also significantly decreased the number of CB-positive interneurons in the piriform cortex of mice on P21 and adulthood. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CB-positive interneurons in the piriform cortex are vulnerable to propofol exposure during the neonatal period, and these neurons are involved in the damage effects of propofol on behavior changes. These data provide a new target of propofol neurotoxicity and may elucidate the mechanism of neurobehavioral deficits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan No.4 Hospital, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430033, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Cai
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiande Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jiang Y, Lin MK, Jicha GA, Ding X, McIlwrath SL, Fardo DW, Broster LS, Schmitt FA, Kryscio R, Lipsky RH. Functional human GRIN2B promoter polymorphism and variation of mental processing speed in older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1293-1306. [PMID: 28439047 PMCID: PMC5425128 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of a single nucleotide polymorphism rs3764030 (G>A) within the human GRIN2B promoter in mental processing speed in healthy, cognitively intact, older adults. In vitro DNA-binding and reporter gene assays of different allele combinations in transfected cells showed that the A allele was a gain-of-function variant associated with increasing GRIN2B mRNA levels. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with A allele will have better memory performance (i.e. faster reaction times) in older age. Twenty-eight older adults (ages 65-86) from a well-characterized longitudinal cohort were recruited and performed a modified delayed match-to-sample task. The rs3764030 polymorphism was genotyped and participants were grouped based on the presence of the A allele into GG and AA/AG. Carriers of the A allele maintained their speed of memory retrieval over age compared to GG carriers (p = 0.026 slope of the regression line between AA and AG versus GG groups). To validate the results, 12 older adults from the same cohort participated in a different version of the short-term memory task. Reaction times were significantly slower with age in older adults with G allele (p < 0.001). These findings support a role for rs3764030 in maintaining faster mental processing speed over aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ming Kuan Lin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xiuhua Ding
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sabrina L McIlwrath
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lucas S Broster
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Richard Kryscio
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Robert H Lipsky
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, the Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Inova Neuroscience Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
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13
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Konno A, Nishimura A, Nakamura S, Mochizuki A, Yamada A, Kamijo R, Inoue T, Iijima T. Continuous monitoring of caspase-3 activation induced by propofol in developing mouse brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 51:42-9. [PMID: 27126009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of anesthetics on the developing brain has drawn the attention of anesthesiologists. Several studies have shown that apoptosis is enhanced by exposure to anesthesia during brain development. Although apoptosis is a physiological developmental step occurring before the maturation of neural networks and the integration of brain function, pathological damage also involves apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that prolonged exposure to anesthetics causes apoptosis. Exactly when the apoptotic cascade starts in the brain remains uncertain. If it starts during the early stage of anesthesia, even short-term anesthesia could harm the brain. Therefore, apoptogenesis should be continuously monitored to elucidate when the apoptotic cascade is triggered by anesthesia. Here, we describe the development of a continuous monitoring system to detect caspase-3 activation using an in vivo model. Brain slices from postnatal days 0-4 SCAT3 transgenic mice with a heterozygous genotype (n=20) were used for the monitoring of caspase-3 cleavage. SCAT3 is a fusion protein of ECFP and Venus connected by a caspase-3 cleavable peptide, DEVD. A specimen from the hippocampal CA1 sector was mounted on a confocal laser microscope and was continuously superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol, 1μM or 10μM), and dimethyl sulfoxide. Images were obtained every hour for five hours. A pixel analysis of the ECFP/Venus ratio images was performed using a histogram showing the number of pixels with each ratio. In the histogram of the ECFP/Venus ratio, an area with a ratio>1 indicated the number of pixels from caspase-3-activated CA1 neurons. We observed a shift in the histogram toward the right over time, indicating caspase-3 activation. This right-ward shift dramatically changed at five hours in the propofol 1μM and 10μM groups and was obviously different from that in the control group. Thus, real-time fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) imaging was capable of identifying the onset of apoptosis triggered by propofol in neonatal brain slices. This model may be a useful tool for monitoring apoptogenesis in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Konno
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan.
| | - Shiro Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Ayako Mochizuki
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Takehiko Iijima
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Inhibition of PARP-1 participates in the mechanisms of propofol-induced amnesia in mice and human. Brain Res 2016; 1637:137-145. [PMID: 26921778 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has emerged as an important regulator in learning and memory. Propofol leads to amnesia, however, the mechanism remains unclear. The present study was designed to examine whether and how PARP-1 plays a role in propofol-induced amnesia. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with propofol before acquisition training. Cognitive function was evaluated by object recognition test. PARP-1 and PAR expression was determined through Western blot. The protein and mRNA levels of Arc and c-Fos were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. Thirty volunteers were assigned to three groups according to codon 762 variation of PARP-1 gene (rs1136410). They learned word lists awake and during propofol sedation. Their cognitive traits were evaluated through fMRI. Rodent data demonstrated that propofol inhibited acquisition-induced increase in PARP-1 and PAR, thereby suppressing Arc and c-Fos, which impaired object recognition 24h after learning. Consistent with this, carriers of a low-catalyzing function PARP-1 variant (Val762Ala) exhibited decreased retrieval-induced hippocampal reactivity 24h after learning under propofol-sedative condition. These findings suggested that inhibition of PARP-1 might participate in the mechanism of propofol-induced amnesia in mice and human. More generally, our approach illustrated a potential translational research bridging animal models and human studies.
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15
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Wong JK, Nikravan S, Maxwell BG, Marques MA, Pearl RG. Nocturnal Low-Dose Propofol Infusion for the Management of ICU Delirium: A Case Series in Nonintubated Cardiac Surgery Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:1340-3. [PMID: 27423473 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim K Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| | - Sara Nikravan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Bryan G Maxwell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael A Marques
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ronald G Pearl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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16
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Figueroa SA, Leary M, Guanci MM, Mathiesen C, Delfin G, Bader MK. Clinical Q & A: Translating Therapeutic Temperature Management from Theory to Practice. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2015; 5:235-9. [PMID: 26595142 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2015.29006.mkb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Figueroa
- 2 Division of Neurocritical Care, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
| | - Marion Leary
- 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Resuscitation Science, University of Pennsylvania , School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Gail Delfin
- 6 Center for Resuscitation Science, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Pešić V, Milanović D, Popić J, Smiljanić K, Tešić V, Kanazir S, Jevtović‐Todorović V, Ruždijić S. Neonatal propofol anesthesia modifies activity‐dependent processes and induces transient hyperlocomotor response to
d
‐amphetamine during adolescence in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 47:266-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Pešić
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biological ResearchUniversity of BelgradeBulevar despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - Desanka Milanović
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biological ResearchUniversity of BelgradeBulevar despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - Jelena Popić
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University1160 Pine Ave. WestH3A 1A3MontrealQCCanada
| | - Kosara Smiljanić
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biological ResearchUniversity of BelgradeBulevar despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - Vesna Tešić
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biological ResearchUniversity of BelgradeBulevar despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biological ResearchUniversity of BelgradeBulevar despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
| | | | - Sabera Ruždijić
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Biological ResearchUniversity of BelgradeBulevar despota Stefana 14211060BelgradeSerbia
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18
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Liu H, Jian M, Liang F, Yue H, Han R. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with an ovarian teratoma: two cases report and anesthesia considerations. BMC Anesthesiol 2015; 15:150. [PMID: 26475263 PMCID: PMC4609123 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-015-0134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an immune-mediated syndrome caused by the production of anti-NMDAR receptor antibodies. The syndrome characterised by psychosis, seizures, sleep disorders, hallucinations and short-term memory loss. Ovarian teratoma is the confirmed tumour associated with anti-NMDAR antibodies. The patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis complicated by ovarian teratoma require surgical treatment under general anesthesia. NMDARs are important targets of many anesthetic drugs. The perioperative management and complications of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, including hypoventilation, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) and epilepsy, are challenging for ansthesiologists. Case presentation This report described two female patients who presented for resection of the ovarian teratoma, they had confirmed anti-NMDAR encephalitis accompanied by ovarian teratoma. Two patients received gamma globulin treatments and the resection of the ovarian teratoma under total intravenous anesthesia. They were recovered and discharged on the 20th and 46th postoperative day respectively. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence about the perioperative management, monitoring and anesthesia management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. This report was based on the consideration that controversial anesthetics that likely act on NMDARs should be avoided. Additionally, BIS monitoring should to be prudently applied in anti-NMDAR encephalitis because of abnormal electric encephalography (EEG). Anesthesiologists must be careful with regard to central ventilation dysfunctions and PSH due to anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Minyu Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Fa Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hongli Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ruquan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Chen XH, Zhou X, Yang XY, Zhou ZB, Lu DH, Tang Y, Ling ZM, Zhou LH, Feng X. Propofol Protects Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injury in Differentiated PC12 Cells via Inhibition of Ca(2+)-Dependent NADPH Oxidase. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:541-51. [PMID: 26162968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a widely used general anesthetic with anti-oxidant activities. This study aims to investigate protective capacity of propofol against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury in neural cells and whether the anti-oxidative effects of propofol occur through a mechanism involving the modulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in a manner of calcium-dependent. The rat differentiated PC12 cell was subjected to H2O2 exposure for 24 h to mimic a neuronal in vitro model of oxidative injury. Our data demonstrated that pretreatment of PC12 cells with propofol significantly reversed the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, prevented H2O2-induced morphological changes, and reduced the ratio of apoptotic cells. We further found that propofol attenuated the accumulation of malondialdehyde (biomarker of oxidative stress), counteracted the overexpression of NOX core subunit gp91(phox) (NOX2) as well as the NOX activity following H2O2 exposure in PC12 cells. In addition, blocking of L-type Ca(2+) channels with nimodipine reduced H2O2-induced overexpression of NOX2 and caspase-3 activation in PC12 cells. Moreover, NOX inhibitor apocynin alone or plus propofol neither induces a significant downregulation of NOX activity nor increases cell viability compared with propofol alone in the PC12 cells exposed to H2O2. These results demonstrate that the protective effects of propofol against oxidative injury in PC12 cells are mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of Ca(2+)-dependent NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Min Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Locomotor stimulation by acute propofol administration in rats: Role of the nitrergic system. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:980-5. [PMID: 26398394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addictive potential of propofol has been scientifically discussed. Drugs' psychostimulant properties that can be assessed via measurements of locomotor activity are linked to their addictive properties. No studies that have investigated the effects of propofol on locomotor activity have been reported to date. The present study sought to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of action of propofol on locomotor activity in rats. METHODS Adult male albino Wistar rats (250-330g) were used as subjects. The locomotor activities of the rats were recorded for 30min immediately following intraperitoneal administration of propofol (20 and 40mg/kg), saline or vehicle (n=8 for each group). NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 15-60mg/kg), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, and haloperidol (0.125-5mg/kg), a non-specific dopamine receptor antagonist, were also administered to other groups of rats 30min prior to the propofol (40mg/kg) injections, and locomotor activity was recorded for 30min immediately after propofol administration (n=8 for each group). RESULTS Propofol produced significant increases in the locomotor activities of the rats in the first 5min of the observation period [F(2,21)=9.052; p<0.001]. l-NAME [F(4,35)=3.112; p=0.02] but not haloperidol [F(4,35)=2.440; p=0.067] pretreatment blocked the propofol-induced locomotor hyperactivity. l-NAME did not cause any significant change in locomotor activity in naïve rats [F(2,21)=0.569; p=0.57]. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that propofol might cause a short-term induction of locomotor activity in rats and that this effect might be related to nitrergic but not dopaminergic mechanisms.
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21
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Effects of prenatal propofol exposure on postnatal development in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 43:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Luo J, Min S, Wei K, Cao J, Wang B, Li P, Dong J, Liu Y. Propofol prevents electroconvulsive-shock-induced memory impairment through regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1847-59. [PMID: 25285008 PMCID: PMC4181737 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s67108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a rapid and efficient psychiatric treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces memory impairment. Modified ECT requires anesthesia for safety purposes. Although traditionally found to exert amnesic effects in general anesthesia, which is an inherent part of modified ECT, some anesthetics have been found to protect against ECT-induced cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) on memory in depressed rats undergoing electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the analog of ECT in animals, under anesthesia as well as its mechanisms. METHODS Chronic unpredictable mild stresses were adopted to reproduce depression in a rodent model. Rats underwent ECS (or sham ECS) with anesthesia with propofol or normal saline. Behavior was assessed in sucrose preference, open field and Morris water maze tests. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) was measured using electrophysiological techniques. PSD-95, CREB, and p-CREB protein expression was assayed with Western blotting. RESULTS Depression induced memory damage, and downregulated LTP, PSD-95, CREB, and p-CREB; these effects were exacerbated in depressed rats by ECS; propofol did not reverse the depression-induced changes, but when administered in modified ECS, propofol improved memory and reversed the downregulation of LTP and the proteins. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that propofol prevents ECS-induced memory impairment, and modified ECS under anesthesia with propofol improves memory in depressed rats, possibly by reversing the excessive changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. These observations provide a novel insight into potential targets for optimizing the clinical use of ECT for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Karen T, Schlager GW, Bendix I, Sifringer M, Herrmann R, Pantazis C, Enot D, Keller M, Kerner T, Felderhoff-Mueser U. Effect of propofol in the immature rat brain on short- and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64480. [PMID: 23737984 PMCID: PMC3667818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol is commonly used as sedative in newborns and children. Recent experimental studies led to contradictory results, revealing neurodegenerative or neuroprotective properties of propofol on the developing brain. We investigated neurodevelopmental short- and long-term effects of neonatal propofol treatment. Methods 6-day-old Wistar rats (P6), randomised in two groups, received repeated intraperitoneal injections (0, 90, 180 min) of 30 mg/kg propofol or normal saline and sacrificed 6, 12 and 24 hrs following the first injection. Cortical and thalamic areas were analysed by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for expression of apoptotic and neurotrophin-dependent signalling pathways. Long-term effects were assessed by Open-field and Novel-Object-Recognition at P30 and P120. Results Western blot analyses revealed a transient increase of activated caspase-3 in cortical, and a reduction of active mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2, AKT) in cortical and thalamic areas. qRT-PCR analyses showed a down-regulation of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF, NT-3) in cortical and thalamic regions. Minor impairment in locomotive activity was observed in propofol treated adolescent animals at P30. Memory or anxiety were not impaired at any time point. Conclusion Exposing the neonatal rat brain to propofol induces acute neurotrophic imbalance and neuroapoptosis in a region- and time-specific manner and minor behavioural changes in adolescent animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Karen
- Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Zhang H, Zhang SB, Zhang QQ, Liu M, He XY, Zou Z, Sun HJ, You ZD, Shi XY. Rescue of cAMP response element-binding protein signaling reversed spatial memory retention impairments induced by subanesthetic dose of propofol. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:484-93. [PMID: 23534694 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The intravenous anesthetic propofol caused episodic memory impairments in human. We hypothesized propofol caused episodic-like spatial memory retention but not acquisition impairments in rats and rescuing cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling using selective type IV phosphodiesterase (PDEIV) inhibitor rolipram reversed these effects. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: control; propofol (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal); rolipram; and rolipram + propofol (pretreatment of rolipram 25 min before propofol, 0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Sedation and motor coordination were evaluated 5, 15, and 25 min after propofol injection. Invisible Morris water maze (MWM) acquisition and probe test (memory retention) were performed 5 min and 24 h after propofol injection. Visible MWM training was simultaneously performed to resist nonspatial effects. Hippocampal CREB signaling was detected 5 min, 50 min, and 24 h after propofol administration. RESULTS Rolipram did not change propofol-induced anesthetic/sedative states or impair motor skills. No difference was found on the latency to the platform during the visible MWM. Propofol impaired spatial memory retention but not acquisition. Rolipram reversed propofol-induced spatial memory impairments and suppression on cAMP levels, CaMKIIα and CREB phosphorylation, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and Arc protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Propofol caused spatial memory retention impairments but not acquisition inability possibly by inhibiting CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neuroscience Research Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Popic J, Pesic V, Milanovic D, Todorovic S, Kanazir S, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Ruzdijic S. Propofol-induced changes in neurotrophic signaling in the developing nervous system in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34396. [PMID: 22496799 PMCID: PMC3319585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed a role for neurotrophins in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain. In this study we monitored the spatial and temporal expression of neurotrophic signaling molecules in the brain of 14-day-old (PND14) Wistar rats after the application of a single propofol dose (25 mg/kg i.p). The structures of interest were the cortex and thalamus as the primary areas of anesthetic actions. Changes of the protein levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), their activated receptors tropomyosin-related kinase (TrkA and TrkB) and downstream kinases Akt and the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) were assessed by Western immunoblot analysis at different time points during the first 24 h after the treatment, as well as the expression of cleaved caspase-3 fragment. Fluoro-Jade B staining was used to follow the appearance of degenerating neurons. The obtained results show that the treatment caused marked alterations in levels of the examined neurotrophins, their receptors and downstream effector kinases. However, these changes were not associated with increased neurodegeneration in either the cortex or the thalamus. These results indicate that in the brain of PND14 rats, the interaction between Akt/ERK signaling might be one of important part of endogenous defense mechanisms, which the developing brain utilizes to protect itself from potential anesthesia-induced damage. Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms will improve our understanding of the age-dependent component of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Pesic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Desanka Milanovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sabera Ruzdijic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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Effects of propofol and pentobarbital on calcium concentration in presynaptic boutons on a rat hippocampal neuron. J Anesth 2011; 25:727-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-011-1186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jeon SJ, Rhee SY, Seo JE, Bak HR, Lee SH, Ryu JH, Cheong JH, Shin CY, Kim GH, Lee YS, Ko KH. Oroxylin A increases BDNF production by activation of MAPK–CREB pathway in rat primary cortical neuronal culture. Neurosci Res 2011; 69:214-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Visual P2-N2 complex and arousal at the time of encoding predict the time domain characteristics of amnesia for multiple intravenous anesthetic drugs in humans. Anesthesiology 2010; 113:313-26. [PMID: 20613477 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3181dfd401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous anesthetics have marked effects on memory function, even at subclinical concentrations. Fundamental questions remain in characterizing anesthetic amnesia and identifying affected system-level processes. The authors applied a mathematical model to evaluate time-domain components of anesthetic amnesia in human subjects. METHODS Sixty-one volunteers were randomized to receive propofol (n = 12), thiopental (n = 13), midazolam (n = 12), dexmedetomidine (n = 12), or placebo (n = 12). With drug present, subjects encoded pictures into memory using a 375-item continuous recognition task, with subsequent recognition later probed with drug absent. Memory function was sampled at up to 163 time points and modeled over the time domain using a two-parameter, first-order negative power function. The parietal event-related P2-N2 complex was derived from electroencephalography, and arousal was repeatedly sampled. Each drug was evaluated at two concentrations. RESULTS The negative power function consistently described the course of amnesia (mean R = 0.854), but there were marked differences between drugs in the modulation of individual components (P < 0.0001). Initial memory strength was a function of arousal (P = 0.005), whereas subsequent decay was related to the reaction time (P < 0.0001) and the P2-N2 complex (P = 0.007/0.002 for discrete components). CONCLUSIONS In humans, the amnesia caused by multiple intravenous anesthetic drugs is characterized by arousal-related effects on initial trace strength, and a subsequent decay predicted by attenuation of the P2-N2 complex at encoding. The authors propose that the failure of normal memory consolidation follows drug-induced disruption of interregional synchrony critical for neuronal plasticity and discuss their findings in the framework of memory systems theory.
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Kidambi S, Yarmush J, Berdichevsky Y, Kamath S, Fong W, Schianodicola J. Propofol induces MAPK/ERK cascade dependant expression of cFos and Egr-1 in rat hippocampal slices. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:201. [PMID: 20637119 PMCID: PMC2916009 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent, which produce rapid induction of and recovery from general anesthesia. Numerous clinical studies reported that propofol can potentially cause amnesia and memory loss in human subjects. The underlying mechanism for this memory loss is unclear but may potentially be related to the induction of memory-associated genes such as c-Fos and Egr-1 by propofol. This study explored the effects of propofol on c-Fos and Egr-1 expression in rat hippocampal slices. Findings Hippocampal brain slices were exposed to varying concentrations of propofol at multiple time intervals. The transcription of the immediate early genes, c-Fos and Egr-1, was quantified using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MAPK/ERK inhibitors were used to investigate the mechanism of action. We demonstrate that propofol induced the expression of c-Fos and Egr-1 within 30 and 60 min of exposure time. At 16.8 μM concentration, propofol induced a 110% increase in c-Fos transcription and 90% decrease in the transcription of Egr-1. However, at concentrations above 100 μM, propofol failed to induce expression of c-Fos but did completely inhibit the transcription of Egr-1. Propofol-induced c-Fos and Egr-1 transcription was abolished by inhibitors of RAS, RAF, MEK, ERK and p38-MAPK in the MAPK/ERK cascade. Conclusions Our study shows that clinically relevant concentrations of propofol induce c-Fos and down regulated Egr-1 expression via an MAPK/ERK mediated pathway. We demonstrated that propofol induces a time and dose dependant transcription of IEGs c-Fos and Egr-1 in rat hippocampal slices. We further demonstrate for the first time that propofol induced IEG expression was mediated via a MAPK/ERK dependant pathway. These novel findings provide a new avenue to investigate transcription-dependant mechanisms and suggest a parallel pathway of action with an unclear role in the activity of general anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Abstract
This study explored the effects of propofol on c-Fos and Egr-1 in neuroblastoma (N2A) cells. We demonstrate that propofol induced the expression of c-Fos and Egr-1 within 30 and 60 min of exposure time. At 16.8 microM concentration, propofol induced a 6 and 2.5-fold expression of c-Fos and Egr-1, respectively. However, at concentrations above 100 microM, propofol failed to induce expression of c-Fos or Egr-1. Propofol-induced c-Fos and Egr-1 transcription was unaffected by bicuculline, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor antagonist, but was abolished by PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor. Our study shows that clinically relevant concentrations of propofol induce c-Fos and Egr-1 expression through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase mediated and gamma-aminobutyric acid-A independent pathway.
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LacKamp A, Zhang GC, Mao LM, Fibuch EE, Wang JQ. Loss of surface N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor proteins in mouse cortical neurones during anaesthesia induced by chloral hydrate in vivo. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:515-22. [PMID: 19224925 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaesthetics may target ionotropic glutamate receptors in brain cells to produce their biological actions. Membrane-bound ionotropic glutamate receptors undergo dynamic trafficking between the surface membrane and intracellular organelles. Their subcellular distribution is subject to modulation by changing synaptic inputs and determines the efficacy and strength of excitatory synapses. It has not been explored whether anaesthesia has any impact on surface glutamate receptor expression. In this study, the effect of general anaesthesia on expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the surface and intracellular pools of cortical neurones was investigated in vivo. METHODS General anaesthesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate in adult male mice. Surface protein cross-linking assays were performed to detect changes in distribution of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) in the surface and intracellular compartments of cerebral cortical neurones. RESULTS Chloral hydrate did not alter the total amounts of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B proteins in cortical neurones. However, the drug reduced NR1 proteins in the surface pool of these neurones, and induced a proportional increase in NR1 in the intracellular pool. Similar redistribution of NR2B subunits was observed between the two distinct pools. The changes in NR1 and NR2B were rapid and remained throughout the duration of anaesthesia. NR2A proteins were not altered in the surface or intracellular pool in response to chloral hydrate. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that subcellular expression of NR1 and NR2B in cortical neurones is sensitive to anaesthesia. Chloral hydrate reduces surface-expressed NMDA receptors (specifically NR2B-containing NMDA receptors) in these neurones in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A LacKamp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Ruha AM, Brooks DE, Curry SC. Letters on "Predictors of mortality in patients with delerium tremens". Acad Emerg Med 2009; 16:91-2; author reply 92-3. [PMID: 19133857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pesić V, Milanović D, Tanić N, Popić J, Kanazir S, Jevtović-Todorović V, Ruzdijić S. Potential mechanism of cell death in the developing rat brain induced by propofol anesthesia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 27:279-87. [PMID: 19150648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly used general anesthetics can have adverse effects on the developing brain by triggering apoptotic neurodegeneration, as has been documented in the rat. The rational of our study was to examine the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the apoptotic action of propofol anesthesia in the brain of 7-day-old (P7) rats. The down-regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and protein expression in the cortex and thalamus at defined time points between 1 and 24h after the propofol treatment, as well as a decrease of phosphorylated Akt were observed. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway was induced by over-expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) which led to the activation of caspase-3 in both examined structures. Neurodegeneration was confirmed by Fluoro-Jade B staining. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence that the anesthetic dose (25mg/kg) of propofol induces complex changes that are accompanied by cell death in the cortex and thalamus of the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Pesić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Prüss H, Holtkamp M. Ketamine successfully terminates malignant status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2008; 82:219-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 08/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang H, Xue Z, Wang Q, Feng X, Shen Z. Propofol Protects Hepatic L02 Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis via Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Pathway. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:534-40. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181770be9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cattano D, Young C, Straiko MMW, Olney JW. Subanesthetic doses of propofol induce neuroapoptosis in the infant mouse brain. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1712-4. [PMID: 18499599 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172ba0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that block N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors or that promote gamma-aminobutyric acid type A inhibition trigger neuroapoptosis in the developing rodent brain. Propofol reportedly interacts with both gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors, but has not been adequately evaluated for its ability to induce developmental neuroapoptosis. Here we determined that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of propofol required to induce a surgical plane of anesthesia in the infant mouse is 200 mg/kg. We then administered graduated doses of propofol (25-300 mg/kg i.p.) and found that doses >or=50 mg/kg induce a significant neuroapoptosis response. We conclude that propofol induces neuroapoptosis at 1/4 the dose required for surgical anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cattano
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, PO BOX 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Haines M, Mao LM, Yang L, Arora A, Fibuch EE, Wang JQ. Modulation of AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit phosphorylation in neurons by the intravenous anaesthetic propofol. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:676-82. [PMID: 18344555 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ionotropic glutamate receptor is a potential molecular site in the central nervous system that general anaesthetics may interact with to produce some of their biological actions. Protein phosphorylation has been well documented to occur in the intracellular C-terminal domain of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) subtype of glutamate receptors, which represents a pivotal mechanism for the post-translational modulation of AMPA receptor functions. In this study, we investigated a possible influence of an i.v. anaesthetic agent propofol on the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluR1 subunits in cultured neurons. METHODS The effect of propofol on phosphorylation of GluR1 subunits at serine 831 and 845 was assayed in cultured rat striatal and cortical neurons by western blot with phospho- and site-specific antibodies. RESULTS Propofol consistently elevated phosphorylation of GluR1 subunits at the C-terminal serine 845 site in both striatal and cortical neurons. The elevation in phosphorylation was concentration-dependent and started at a low concentration (3 microM). This increase in serine 845 phosphorylation was rapid and sustained during the entire course of propofol exposure. In contrast to serine 845, phosphorylation of GluR1 at serine 831 was not altered by propofol in striatal and cortical neurons. Total GluR1 abundance remained unchanged in response to propofol incubation. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that propofol possesses the ability to upregulate AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit phosphorylation at a specific serine 845 site in neurons and provide evidence supporting the AMPA receptor as a molecular target for general anaesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haines
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Abstract
Although often felt to be relatively innocuous, nitrous oxide can have significant metabolic effects in settings of abnormal vitamin B12 and B12-related metabolism in children. These conditions can be genetic or environmental. Symptoms may not appear until days to weeks after exposure to nitrous oxide. Although overt genetic diseases are relatively uncommon, the implications of nitrous oxide interactions with much more frequent but less symptomatically obvious single nucleotide polymorphisms are potentially more concerning. In addition, nitrous oxide can have direct and differing neurotoxic effects on both immature and aged brain, the clinical impact of which remains undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Baum
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0710, USA.
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Abstract
Episodic memory is the most 'human' of all memory systems, is integrally related to the hippocampus, and not only permits memories of the past in rich detail, but also allows projection of thoughts into the future. However, episodic memory is very sensitive to anaesthetic drugs and cannot be formed during adequate general anaesthesia. Ablation of episodic memory during consciousness is due to forgetting of memories, rather than inhibition of memory formation. There is a fine balance between being conscious with recollection and conscious with no recollection. A more detailed understanding of episodic memory in relation to other memory systems, as well as the relationship of the hippocampus to episodic memory function is provided. A synthesis of diverse knowledge is undertaken to identify potential mechanisms of amnesic drug effect, which will, of course, require further research to delineate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Veselis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Core Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA.
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Fibuch EE, Wang JQ. Inhibition of the MAPK/ERK cascade: a potential transcription-dependent mechanism for the amnesic effect of anesthetic propofol. Neurosci Bull 2007; 23:119-24. [PMID: 17592535 PMCID: PMC5550596 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-007-0017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous anesthetics are known to cause amnesia, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. To identify a possible molecular mechanism, we recently turned our attention to a key intracellular signaling pathway organized by a family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). As a prominent synapse-to-nucleus superhighway, MAPKs couple surface glutamate receptors to nuclear transcriptional events essential for the development and/or maintenance of different forms of synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation and long-term depression) and memory formation. To define the role of MAPK-dependent transcription in the amnesic property of anesthetics, we conducted a series of studies to examine the effect of a prototype intravenous anesthetic propofol on the MAPK response to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) stimulation in hippocampal neurons. Our results suggest that propofol possesses the ability to inhibit NMDAR-mediated activation of a classic subclass of MAPKs, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Concurrent inhibition of transcriptional activity also occurs as a result of inhibited responses of ERK1/2 to NMDA. These findings provide first evidence for an inhibitory modulation of the NMDAR-MAPK pathway by an intravenous anesthetic and introduce a new avenue to elucidate a transcription-dependent mechanism processing the amnesic effect of anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene E. Fibuch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Saint Luke’s Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108 USA
| | - John Q. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Saint Luke’s Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108 USA
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007; 20:388-94. [PMID: 17620851 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0b013e3282c3a878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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