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Mi L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Su A, Tang M, Xing Z, He T, Wei T, Li Z, Wu W. The EPRS-ATF4-COLI pathway axis is a potential target for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155670. [PMID: 38704915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is recognized as the most aggressive and malignant form of thyroid cancer, underscoring the critical need for effective therapeutic strategies to curb its progression and improve patient prognosis. Halofuginone (HF), a derivative of febrifugine, has displayed antitumor properties across various cancer types. However, there is a paucity of published research focused on the potential of HF to enhance the clinical efficacy of treating ATC. OBJECTIVE In this study, we thoroughly investigated the antitumor effects and mechanisms of HF in ATC, aiming to discover lead compounds for treating ATC and reveal novel therapeutic targets for ATC tumors. METHODS A series of assays, including CCK8, colony formation, tumor xenograft models, and ATC tumor organoid experiments, were conducted to evaluate the anticancer properties of HF both in vitro and in vivo. Techniques such as drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were employed to pinpoint HF target proteins within ATC. Furthermore, we harnessed the GEPIA and GEO databases and performed immunohistochemistry to validate the therapeutic potential of the glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA-synthetase (EPRS)- activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)- type I collagen (COLI) pathway axis in the context of ATC. The study also incorporated RNA sequencing analysis, confocal imaging, and flow cytometry to delve into the molecular mechanisms of HF in ATC. RESULTS HF exhibited a substantial inhibitory impact on cell proliferation in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo. The DARTS results highlighted HF's influence on EPRS within ATC cells, triggering an amino acid starvation response (AASR) by suppressing EPRS expression, consequently leading to a reduction in COLI expression in ATC cells. The introduction of proline mitigated the effect of HF on ATF4 and COLI expression, indicating that the EPRS-ATF4-COLI pathway axis was a focal target of HF in ATC. Analysis of the expression levels of the EPRS, ATF4, and COLI proteins in thyroid tumors, along with an examination of the relationship between COLI expression and thyroid tumor stage, revealed that HF significantly inhibited the growth of ATC tumor organoids, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting the EPRS-ATF4-COLI pathway axis in ATC. RNA sequencing analysis revealed significant differences in the pathways associated with metastasis and apoptosis between control and HF-treated cells. Transwell assays and flow cytometry experiments provided evidence of the capacity of HF to impede cell migration and induce apoptosis in ATC cells. Furthermore, HF hindered cell metastasis by suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, acting through the inhibition of FAK-AKT-NF-κB/Wnt-β-catenin signaling and restraining angiogenesis via the VEGF pathway. HF also promoted apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSION This study provided inaugural evidence suggesting that HF could emerge as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ATC. The EPRS-ATF4-COLI pathway axis stood out as a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Anping Su
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhichao Xing
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tao Wei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Takeuchi S, Hirata K, Magota K, Watanabe S, Moku R, Shiiya A, Taguchi J, Ariga S, Goda T, Ohhara Y, Noguchi T, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita I, Honma R, Tsuji Y, Homma A, Dosaka-Akita H. Early prediction of treatment outcome for lenvatinib using 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with unresectable or advanced thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioiodine treatment: a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised study. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:69. [PMID: 37460834 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib is widely used to treat unresectable and advanced thyroid carcinomas. We aimed to determine whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed 1 week after lenvatinib treatment initiation could predict treatment outcomes. RESULTS This was a prospective, nonrandomised, multicentre study. Patients with pathologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and lesions refractory to radioiodine treatment were eligible for inclusion. Patients were treated with 24 mg lenvatinib as the initial dose and underwent PET/CT examination 1 week after treatment initiation. Contrast-enhanced CT was scheduled at least 4 weeks later as the gold standard for evaluation. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the discrimination power of maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) obtained by PET/CT compared to that obtained by contrast-enhanced CT. Evaluation was performed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC-AUC) curve. Twenty-one patients were included in this analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an AUC of 0.714 for SUVmax after 1 week of lenvatinib treatment. The best cut-off value for the treatment response for SUVmax was 15.211. The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off value were 0.583 and 0.857, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 26.3 months in patients with an under-cut-off value and 19.7 months in patients with an over-cut-off value (P = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effects of lenvatinib were detected earlier than those of CT because of decreased FDG uptake on PET/CT. PET/CT examination 1 week after the initiation of lenvatinib treatment may predict treatment outcomes in patients with DTC. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (number UMIN000022592) on 6 June, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Magota
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rika Moku
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiiya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Taguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Ariga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Goda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohhara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takurou Noguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rio Honma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Budi HS, Younus LA, Lafta MH, Parveen S, Mohammad HJ, Al-qaim ZH, Jawad MA, Parra RMR, Mustafa YF, Alhachami FR, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. The role of miR-128 in cancer development, prevention, drug resistance, and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1067974. [PMID: 36793341 PMCID: PMC9923359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1067974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has revealed that microRNA (miRNA) expression is dysregulated in cancer, and they can act as either oncogenes or suppressors under certain conditions. Furthermore, some studies have discovered that miRNAs play a role in cancer cell drug resistance by targeting drug-resistance-related genes or influencing genes involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In this regard, the abnormal expression of miRNA-128 (miR-128) has been found in various human malignancies, and its verified target genes are essential in cancer-related processes, including apoptosis, cell propagation, and differentiation. This review will discuss the functions and processes of miR-128 in multiple cancer types. Furthermore, the possible involvement of miR-128 in cancer drug resistance and tumor immunotherapeutic will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Laith A. Younus
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn, Hayyan Medical University, Al Najaf Al Ashraf, Iraq
| | | | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Firas Rahi Alhachami
- Radiology Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Wang H, Yu Y, Wang K, Sun H. Bibliometric Insights in Advances of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Research Landscapes, Turning Points, and Global Trends. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769807. [PMID: 34900720 PMCID: PMC8652235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancies with a dramatic increase in incidences. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare but deadly form among thyroid cancers. To better understand of this field, we assessed the global scientific outputs and tried to depict its overview via bibliometric methods. Methods Approximately 1,492 science publications published between 1997 and 2020 were included by systematic retrieval in the WoS database. The general information of them was characterized, and the developmental skeleton and research frontiers were explored. Results The article number in this field has been increasing in the past 24 years. North America, East Asia, and Western Europe have reached remarkable achievements. Mutations of BARF and TERT and their downstream pathways have attracted researchers’ attention, where genetic diagnosis provides new clinical insight and several targeted therapeutic approaches have been on the clinical trial. Conclusions Numerous efforts have been made to figure out gene expression reprogramming of anaplastic thyroid cancer and key mechanism in driving its dedifferentiation, invasion and migration process. Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and systematic combination therapy are the recent current research hotspots. These results provide insightful clues for the funding direction and the potential breakthrough direction of the anaplastic thyroid cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Survival Benefit of Intervention Treatment in Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Int J Surg Oncol 2021; 2021:5545127. [PMID: 34123423 PMCID: PMC8192187 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is controversial; thus, proper treatment and prognostic factors should be investigated. Objectives To compare the survival outcomes of the intervention and palliative treatment in ATC patients. Methods A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary university hospital. The medical record charts were retrieved from November 20, 1987, to December 31, 2016. The final follow-up ended by December 31, 2017. The patients' demographic data, laboratory data, clinical presentation, and treatment modality results were analyzed. Results One hundred twenty-one records were analyzed with a one-year overall survival rate of 3.5% (median survival time: 77 days); however, 16 cases had insufficient data to classify staging and treatment modalities. Therefore, 105 ATC patients (37 with stage IVa, 39 with stage IVb, and 29 with stage IVc disease) were included with a one-year overall survival rate of 4.0% (median survival time of 82 days). Intervention treatment allowed longer median survival times (p < 0.05) and a better survival rate (p < 0.05). Among the interventional treatment groups, postoperative chemoradiation yielded the longest median survival time (187 days) and the highest survival rate (20%) (p < 0.05). The intervention modality allowed a better median survival time at all stages, particularly in stage IVa (p < 0.05). Unfavorable prognostic factors were adjusted for in a multiple Cox regression model showing that significant factors included age ≥65 years (hazard ratio HR: 2.57), palliative treatment (HR: 1.85), and leukocytosis ≥10,000 cells/mm3 (HR: 2.76). Conclusions Intervention treatment provided a better survival outcome in all stages, particularly in stage IVa, with a significantly better median survival time. Among interventional treatments, postoperative chemoradiation led to the longest survival rate, suggesting that this treatment should be considered in ATC patients with resectable tumors and no poor prognostic factors, such as older age and leukocytosis.
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EGR1/GADD45α Activation by ROS of Non-Thermal Plasma Mediates Cell Death in Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020351. [PMID: 33477921 PMCID: PMC7833439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent studies have identified new anti-cancer mechanisms of nonthermal plasma (NTP) in several cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effect on thyroid cancer have not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to understand the anticancer effects of NTP-activated medium (NTPAM) on thyroid cancer cells and elucidate the signaling mechanisms responsible for NTPAM-induced thyroid cancer cell death. Abstract (1) Background: Nonthermal plasma (NTP) induces cell death in various types of cancer cells, providing a promising alternative treatment strategy. Although recent studies have identified new mechanisms of NTP in several cancers, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effect on thyroid cancer (THCA) have not been elucidated. (2) Methods: To investigate the mechanism of NTP-induced cell death, THCA cell lines were treated with NTP-activated medium -(NTPAM), and gene expression profiles were evaluated using RNA sequencing. (3) Results: NTPAM upregulated the gene expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1). NTPAM-induced THCA cell death was enhanced by EGR1 overexpression, whereas EGR1 small interfering RNA had the opposite effect. NTPAM-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) affected EGR1 expression and apoptotic cell death in THCA. NTPAM also induced the gene expression of growth arrest and regulation of DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45A) gene, and EGR1 regulated GADD45A through direct binding to its promoter. In xenograft in vivo tumor models, NTPAM inhibited tumor progression of THCA by increasing EGR1 levels. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that NTPAM induces apoptotic cell death in THCA through a novel mechanism by which NTPAM-induced ROS activates EGR1/GADD45α signaling. Furthermore, our data provide evidence that the regulation of the EGR1/GADD45α axis can be a novel strategy for the treatment of THCA.
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Synergistic Anticancer Activity of N-Hydroxy-7-(2-Naphthylthio) Heptanomide, Sorafenib, and Radiation Therapy in Patient-Derived Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020536. [PMID: 33430361 PMCID: PMC7825761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an undifferentiated and advanced form of thyroid cancer, accompanied with a high ratio of epigenetic adjustment, which occurs more than genetic mutations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic anticancer effect (in vitro and in vivo) of the new combination of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA) and sorafenib with radiation therapy in pre-clinical models of ATC. The ATC cell lines, YUMC-A1 and YUMC-A2, were isolated from the current patients who were treated with HNHA and sorafenib, either as monotherapy or combination therapy. Synergistic anticancer effect of the combination therapy on the intracellular signaling pathways and cell cycle was assessed via flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. To examine tumor shrinkage activity in vivo, an ATC cell line-derived mouse xenograft model was used. Results showed that the combination therapy of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation promoted tumor suppression via caspase cleavage and cell cycle arrest in patient-derived ATC. In addition, the combination therapy of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation was more effective against ATC than therapy with HNHA or sorafenib with radiation. Thus, the combination of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation may be used as a novel curative approach for the treatment of ATC.
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Silaghi CA, Lozovanu V, Silaghi H, Georgescu RD, Pop C, Dobrean A, Georgescu CE. The Prognostic Value of MicroRNAs in Thyroid Cancers-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2608. [PMID: 32932713 PMCID: PMC7563665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) includes various phenotypes, from indolent to highly aggressive cancer. The limitations of the current prognostication systems to predict the recurrence risk and the variability in expression of the genes involved in the thyroid carcinogenesis uncover the need for new prognostic biomarkers by taking into account potential epigenetic differences. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the prognostic impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TC. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Both upregulated and downregulated miRNAs are significantly correlated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.94, 95% CI: 2.73-12.90, p < 0.001; HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26-0.96, p = 0.048) disease/recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.08-2.32, p = 0.003; HR = 0.37, 95%, CI: 0.24-0.60, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis revealed a significant association between the higher expression of miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 and the recurrence of papillary TC (OR = 9.11, 95% CI 3.00 to 27.52; p < 0.001; OR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.34 to 11.19, p < 0.001; OR = 6.56, 95% CI 2.75 to 15.64, p < 0.001). This research identified that miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222 could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in TC, particularly in PTC. Further studies are needed to strengthen these findings and sustain its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alina Silaghi
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.S.); (V.L.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Vera Lozovanu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.S.); (V.L.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Horatiu Silaghi
- Department of Surgery V, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Raluca Diana Georgescu
- International Institute for The Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Republicii Street 37, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street 6A, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dobrean
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Republicii Street 37, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Emanuela Georgescu
- Department of Endocrinology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.S.); (V.L.); (C.E.G.)
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Jung SN, Kang YE, Lee GH, Liu L, Oh C, Jin YL, Lim MA, Lee K, Oh T, Won HR, Chang JW, Koo BS. Brn3a/Pou4f1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting c-MET/STAT3 Signaling in Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5849340. [PMID: 32474599 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brn3a/Pou4f1 is a class IV POU domain-containing transcription factor and has been found to be expressed in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanism and action of Brn3a in thyroid cancer has not been investigated. PURPOSE To investigate the role of Brn3a in thyroid cancer progression and its clinical implication. METHODS We examined Brn3a expression status in patients with thyroid cancer and analyzed relationships between Brn3a expression and clinicopathological findings using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. For functional in vitro analysis, proliferation, migration, invasion assay, and Western blotting were performed after overexpression or suppression of Brn3a. RESULTS The promoter hypermethylation of Brn3a was found in patients with aggressive thyroid cancer and Brn3a was downregulated in tissues of patients with thyroid cancer. In TCGA database, the low-Brn3a-expression group revealed a more aggressive phenotype, including T stage and extrathyroid extension when compared with the high-Brn3a-expression group. Overexpression of Brn3a suppressed cell migration and invasion via regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins in thyroid cancer cell lines. Brn3a overexpression also downregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling through suppression of tyrosine-protein kinase Met (c-MET). In contrast, knockdown of Brn3a by small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) significantly increased cell migration and invasion through upregulation of c-MET/STAT3. These results imply that Brn3a suppresses tumor metastasis via c-MET/STAT3 inhibition and EMT suppression in thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that Brn3a is a potential tumor suppressor that leads to reduced cancer cell migration and invasion in thyroid cancer. Elucidation of the Brn3a-regulated cancer pathways may therefore provide novel therapeutic strategies to control thyroid cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Nam Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gun Ho Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chan Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yan Li Jin
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taejeong Oh
- Research and Development Center, Genomictree Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ryun Won
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Xing MH, van den Akker T, Gonzalez-Velazquez C, Urken ML, Chen H. Images in cytology: Fine needle aspiration cytology of BRAF V600E positive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:150-152. [PMID: 32681762 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica H Xing
- Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer (THANC) Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tayler van den Akker
- Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Clinic, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camilo Gonzalez-Velazquez
- Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer (THANC) Foundation, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Jose E. González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Mark L Urken
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Clinic, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Xu S, Zhang L, Pan J, Yu H, Bao J, Lu R. Diallyl trisulfide induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 8505C cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:7253-7261. [PMID: 31617531 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer. Current approaches including surgery, chemotherapy and therapeutic drugs provide limited benefits for ATC patients. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) has been documented as a promising anti-cancer agent for various carcinomas. However, its role in ATC tumorigenesis remained unclear. Our results showed that DATS treatment at 12.5, 25 and 50 μM decreased the viability of 8505C cells both in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of H2A.X, which is a DNA damage marker, was induced by DATS both in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, DATS mediated the DNA damage through the phosphorylation of ATM but not ATR. DATS also induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest followed by the translocation of Cdc25C from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Further results showed that DATS induced mitochondrial apoptosis in 8505C cells, evidenced by Hoechst/PI double staining, PI-Annexin V assay and western blot. Taken altogether, our findings demonstrated that DATS induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis by triggering DNA damage in ATC 8505C cells, which shed light on a novel therapeutic approach for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. and Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Huixin Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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12
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Weber F, Junger H, Werner JM, Velez Char N, Rejas C, Schlitt HJ, Hornung M. Increased cytoplasmatic expression of cancer immune surveillance receptor CD1d in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7065-7073. [PMID: 31560833 PMCID: PMC6853836 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas are associated with rapid tumor growth, short survival time and without any promising therapy to improve the poor prognosis. In this study, expression of immunoregulative receptor CD1d and lymphocyte infiltration in different thyroid tumors as well as in healthy tissue were analyzed in order to find new targets for an immunotherapeutic approach. METHODS CD1d immunohistochemistry was performed in samples of 18 anaplastic, 17 follicular, 27 papillary, and 4 medullary thyroid carcinomas as well as in 19 specimens from normal thyroid tissue and additionally in 10 samples of sarcoma, seven malignant melanoma and three spindle-cell lung carcinoma. Furthermore, thyroid samples were stained with antibodies against CD3, CD20, CD56, CD68, and LCA in order to analyze lymphocyte infiltration. RESULTS For the first time CD1d receptor expression on normal thyroid tissue could be demonstrated. Moreover, anaplastic thyroid carcinomas showed significantly higher expression levels compared to other thyroid samples. Most astonishingly, CD1d expression disappeared from the cellular surface and was detected rather in the cytoplasm of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. In addition, histologically similar tumors to anaplastic carcinoma like sarcoma and malignant melanoma revealed distinct CD1d staining patterns. Furthermore, infiltration of T cells, B cells, and macrophages in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas was different when compared to normal thyroid tissue and all other thyroid carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas show significantly higher expression of CD1d, a receptor for NKT cells, which are subject of several anticancer therapy studies. These results may offer a novel approach to explore immunotherapeutic treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens M Werner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Velez Char
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carolina Rejas
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hornung
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Miyagawa Y, Araki K, Yamashita T, Tanaka S, Tanaka Y, Tomifuji M, Ueda Y, Yonemitsu Y, Shimada H, Shiotani A. Induction of cell fusion/apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in orthotopic mouse model by urokinase‐specific oncolytic Sendai virus. Head Neck 2019; 41:2873-2882. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Koji Araki
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryKitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Masayuki Tomifuji
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Yasuji Ueda
- Section of Gene Medicine, R&D CenterID Pharma Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonemitsu
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of SurgeryToho University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck SurgeryNational Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
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14
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Takeuchi S, Shiga T, Hirata K, Taguchi J, Magota K, Ariga S, Gouda T, Ohhara Y, Homma R, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita I, Tsuji Y, Homma A, Iijima H, Tamaki N, Dosaka-Akita H. Early prediction of lenvatinib treatment efficacy by using 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with unresectable or advanced thyroid carcinoma that is refractory to radioiodine treatment: a protocol for a non-randomized single-arm multicenter observational study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021001. [PMID: 30166292 PMCID: PMC6119439 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lenvatinib, an oral molecular targeted drug, is used to treat patients with unresectable or advanced thyroid carcinoma that is refractory to radioiodine treatment. Effective methods for evaluating molecular targeted drugs are a critical unmet need owing to their expensive costs and unique adverse events. The aim of this study is to determine whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT at 1 week after commencing lenvatinib can predict treatment outcomes. DESIGN AND METHODS This study is planned as a non-randomised single-arm multicentre study; patients with pathologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with lesions that are refractory to radioiodine treatment are eligible. The main exclusion criteria are medullary or anaplastic carcinoma, prior treatment with chemotherapy, poor general condition and thromboembolism-requiring treatment. Patients to be included in the study will be treated with lenvatinib and undergo FDG-PET/CT examination twice: before and 1 week after the initiation of treatment. Contrast-enhanced CT, the gold standard for evaluation, will be performed at least 4 weeks after the initiation of treatment. The primary objective is to evaluate the ability of the lesion maximum standard uptake value for FDG PET/CT performed 1 week after the initiation of treatment to predict outcomes compared with the response evaluation obtained via contrast-enhanced CT performed at least 4 weeks after the initiation of treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and has received ethical approval from the institutional review board of the Hokkaido University Hospital (approval number: 015-402). The results of this study will be disseminated through a presentation at a conference and the publication of the data in a peer-reviewed journal. The study will be implemented and reported in line with the SPIRIT statement. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000022592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tohru Shiga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirata
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Taguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Magota
- Department of Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shin Ariga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Gouda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohhara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rio Homma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iijima
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nagara Tamaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Remarkable Presentation: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Hyperthyroidism. Case Rep Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7261264. [PMID: 29805818 PMCID: PMC5899845 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7261264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated anaplastic carcinoma rarely develops from chronic hyperthyroidism. Although acute hyperthyroidism can develop prior to anaplastic transformation, chronic hyperthyroidism was thought to be a protective measure against thyroid malignancy. Methods A 79-year-old female presented acutely to the hospital with dyspnea. She had been taking methimazole for chronic hyperthyroidism due to toxic thyroid nodules, previously biopsied as benign. Upon admission, imaging showed tracheal compression, requiring a total thyroidectomy with tracheostomy for airway management. Results Pathology demonstrated undifferentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. The patient passed away shortly after hospital discharge. Despite treatment with methimazole for many years, abrupt enlargement of her toxic multinodular goiter was consistent with malignant transformation. Chronic hyperthyroidism and toxic nodules are rarely associated with thyroid malignancy, with only one previous report documenting association with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion Progressive thyroid enlargement and acute worsening of previously controlled hyperthyroidism should promote concern for disease regardless of baseline thyroid function.
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16
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Milošević Z, Banković J, Dinić J, Tsimplouli C, Sereti E, Dragoj M, Paunović V, Milovanović Z, Stepanović M, Tanić N, Dimas K, Pešić M. Potential of the dual mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD2014 to overcome paclitaxel resistance in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:409-426. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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17
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Rodriguez C, Carpano M, Curotto P, Thorp S, Casal M, Juvenal G, Pisarev M, Dagrosa MA. In vitro studies of DNA damage and repair mechanisms induced by BNCT in a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma cell line. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:143-152. [PMID: 29453554 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for aggressive tumors is based on nuclear reaction [10B (n, α) 7Li]. Previously, we demonstrated that BNCT could be applied for the treatment of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to describe the DNA damage pattern and the repair pathways that are activated by BNCT in thyroid cells. We analyzed γH2AX foci and the expression of Ku70, Rad51 and Rad54, main effector enzymes of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathways, respectively, in thyroid follicular carcinoma cells. The studied groups were: (1) C [no irradiation], (2) gamma [60Co source], (3) N [neutron beam alone], (4) BNCT [neutron beam plus 10 µg 10B/ml of boronphenylalanine (10BPA)]. The total absorbed dose was always 3 Gy. The results showed that the number of nuclear γH2AX foci was higher in the gamma group than in the N and BNCT groups (30 min-24 h) (p < 0.001). However, the focus size was significantly larger in BNCT compared to other groups (p < 0.01). The analysis of repair enzymes showed a significant increase in Rad51 and Rad54 mRNA at 4 and 6 h, respectively; in both N and BNCT groups and the expression of Ku70 did not show significant differences between groups. These findings are consistent with an activation of HRR mechanism in thyroid cells. A melanoma cell line showed different DNA damage pattern and activation of both repair pathways. These results will allow us to evaluate different blocking points, to potentiate the damage induced by BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodriguez
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Carpano
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Curotto
- RA-3-Investigation and Production Reactors (CAE, CNEA), 15 Presbítero González y Aragón Rd, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Thorp
- Instrumentation and Control Department (CAE, CNEA), 15 Presbítero González y Aragón Rd, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Casal
- Oncology Institute "Ángel H. Roffo"-University of Buenos Aires, 5481 San Martín Av, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Juvenal
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Scientific and Technical Research National Council (CONICET), 1917 Rivadavia St, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pisarev
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Scientific and Technical Research National Council (CONICET), 1917 Rivadavia St, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Dagrosa
- Radiobiology Department (CAC, CNEA), 1499 Gral Paz Av, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Scientific and Technical Research National Council (CONICET), 1917 Rivadavia St, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Buzzoni R, Catena L, Cortinovis D, Dognini G, Bajetta E. Integrated Therapeutic Strategies for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 89:544-6. [PMID: 14870782 DOI: 10.1177/030089160308900518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a very rare neoplasm with an aggressive course. The prognosis has not changed in the last decades and the median survival does not exceed six months. Only few patients with incidental limited ATC will be cured. Different therapeutic options have been explored but the results are disappointing. At present, new drugs and new timing for proper treatment are under investigation. In this short review we have summarized these recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buzzoni
- UO Oncologia Medica B, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
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19
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Hvilsom GB, Londero SC, Hahn CH, Schytte S, Pedersen HB, Christiansen P, Kiss K, Larsen SR, Jespersen ML, Lelkaitis G, Godballe C. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in Denmark 1996-2012: A national prospective study of 219 patients. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 53:65-71. [PMID: 29414634 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the least common but most malignant thyroid cancer. We aimed to examine the characteristics as well as evaluate the incidence, prognostic factors, and if introduction of a fast track cancer program might influence survival in a cohort of ATC patients. METHODS A cohort study based on prospective data from the national Danish thyroid cancer database DATHYRCA and the national Danish Pathology Register including 219 patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2012, whom were followed until death or through September 2014. RESULTS We found the median age in the 7th decade, the majority of patients being women presenting with a growing mass at the neck, diagnosed with stage T4b disease. At diagnosis, 56% of the patients had lymph node metastasis and 38% distant metastasis. We observed one- and five-year survival of 20.7% and 11.0%, respectively. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed age (above 73.6 years), respiratory impairment, T4b stage, and distant metastasis at diagnosis to be significant prognostic factors. Further, introduction of a national fast track cancer program increased survival nearly two-fold. CONCLUSION As new information, our study adds "respiratory impairment at diagnosis" and "introduction of a national fast track cancer program" to the list of already established prognostic indicators for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Bjørn Hvilsom
- Odense University Hospital, Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Stefano Christian Londero
- Odense University Hospital, Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Aarhus University Hospital, Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Holst Hahn
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Sten Schytte
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Baymler Pedersen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Syd, Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Peer Christiansen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Katalin Kiss
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Department of Pathology, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Stine Rosenkilde Larsen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Marie Louise Jespersen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Aalborg University Hospital, Nord, Department of Pathology, Ladegårdsgade 3, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Christian Godballe
- Odense University Hospital, Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, Sdr Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma (ATC) comprise a small subset of thyroid tumors that are associated with a poor prognosis and account for a significant portion of the morbidity and mortality related to thyroid cancer. Since management strategies vary between these two entities, it is important for clinicians to be able to differentiate PDTC from ATC. METHODS We reviewed the literature on PDTC and ATC and compared clinical and histopathologic features important in defining the disease process. RESULTS Both PDTC and ATC display aggressive behavior with increased locoregional and distant disease. In most cases, patients are older and have large, locally advanced tumors. PDTC may represent an intermediate entity in the progression of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma to ATC. The use of surgical management may be curative or palliative and differs between PDTC and ATC. The roles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have not been well described. CONCLUSIONS PDTC and ATC are rare diseases that carry a poor prognosis. Recognition of their different clinicopathologic features is important to the optimal management of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepal N Patel
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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21
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Tuccilli C, Baldini E, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Chesnel F, Sorrenti S, De Vito C, D'Armiento E, Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Watutantrige S, Tartaglia F, Barollo S, Mian C, Arcieri S, Mascagni D, Pironi D, Bononi M, Vergine M, Monti M, Filippini A, Ulisse S. Expression and prognostic value of the cell polarity PAR complex members in thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1413-1422. [PMID: 28350047 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of the apical-basal cell polarity, required for proper replication, migration, specialized functions and tissue morphogenesis, relies on three evolutionary conserved complexes: PAR, CRUMBS and SCRIBBLE. Loss of cell polarity/cohesiveness (LOP/C) is implicated in cancer progression, and members of the polarity complex have been described as either oncogenes or oncosuppressors. However, no information on their role in thyroid cancer (TC) progression is available. In the present study, we evaluated the gene expression of the PAR complex members aPKCι, PARD3α/β and PARD6α/β/γ in 95 papillary TC (PTC), compared to their normal matched tissues and in 12 anaplastic TC (ATC). The mRNA and protein levels of investigated genes were altered in the majority of PTC and ATC tissues. In PTC, univariate analysis showed that reduced expression of aPKCι, PARD3β and PARD6γ mRNAs is associated with increased tumor size, and the reduced expression of PARD3β mRNA is associated also with recurrences. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis and the reduced expression of PARD3β are independent risk factors for recurrences, with hazard ratio, respectively, of 8.21 (p=0.006) and 3.04 (p=0.029). The latter result was confirmed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, which evidenced the association between decreased PARD3β mRNA levels and shorter disease-free interval. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the expression of PAR complex components is deregulated in the majority of PTC and there is a general trend towards their reduction in ATC tissues. Moreover, a prognostic value for the PARD3β gene in PTCs is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frank Chesnel
- CNRS-UMR 6290 (IGDR) Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora D'Armiento
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Susi Barollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Mascagni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bononi
- Department of Surgery 'Pietro Valdoni', 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Vergine
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Monti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Baldini E, Tuccilli C, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Chesnel F, Sorrenti S, De Vito C, Catania A, D'Armiento E, Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Watutantrige-Fernando S, Tartaglia F, Barollo S, Mian C, Bononi M, Arceri S, Mascagni D, Vergine M, Pironi D, Monti M, Filippini A, Ulisse S. Deregulated expression of VHL mRNA variants in papillary thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:121-127. [PMID: 28089820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings demonstrated that a subset of papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) is characterized by reduced expression of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, and that lowest levels associated with more aggressive PTCs. In the present study, the levels of the two VHL mRNA splicing variants, VHL-213 (V1) and VHL-172 (V2), were measured in a series of 96 PTC and corresponding normal matched tissues by means of quantitative RT-PCR. Variations in the mRNA levels were correlated with patients' clinicopathological parameters and disease-free interval (DFI). The analysis of VHL mRNA in tumor tissues, compared to normal matched tissues, revealed that its expression was either up- or down-regulated in the majority of PTC. In particular, V1 and V2 mRNA levels were altered, respectively, in 78 (81.3%) and 65 (67.7%) out of the 96 PTCs analyzed. A significant positive correlation between the two mRNA variants was observed (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis documented the lack of association between each variant and clinicopathological parameters such as age, tumor size, histology, TNM stage, lymph node metastases, and BRAF mutational status. However, a strong correlation was found between altered V1 or V2 mRNA levels and DFI. Multivariate regression analysis indicated higher V1 mRNA values, along with lymph node metastases at diagnosis, as independent prognostic factors predicting DFI. In conclusion, the data reported demonstrate that VHL gene expression is deregulated in the majority of PTC tissues. Of particular interest is the apparent protective role exerted by VHL transcripts against PTC recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frank Chesnel
- CNRS-UMR 6290 (IGDR) Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Susi Barollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bononi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Arceri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Mascagni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Vergine
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Monti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
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23
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Wang Y, Jin T, Dai X, Yan D, Peng Z. Histone deacetylase enzyme silencing using shRNAs enhances radiosensitivity of SW579 thyroid cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3509-16. [PMID: 27600599 PMCID: PMC5042794 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to screen the enzymes that are associated with the radiosensitivity of SW579 thyroid cancer cells, and investigate whether radiation, combined with specific RNA interference on the screened enzymes, enhances radiosensitivity of SW579 thyroid cancer cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze epigenetic enzyme expression changes before and after radiotherapy, and four enzymes, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, HDAC4 and HDAC6 were screened. Western blot analysis was performed to analyze the change in HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4 and HDAC6 protein expression following radiotherapy. Short hairpin RNA (ShRNA)‑HDAC1, shRNA‑HDAC2, shRNA‑HDAC4 and shRNA‑HDAC6 plasmids were constructed and SW579 cells were transfected with corresponding shRNA‑HDACs. Reverse transcription‑qPCR was used to detect whether downregulation of HDAC mRNAs had been effective. In addition, shRNA and shRNA negative control (NC) pools were established and transfected into the SW579 cells. The samples were divided into four groups; control, trichostatin A, shRNA pool and shRNA NC pool, to analyze the effective enhancement of specific shRNA on radiosensitivity in thyroid cancer cells. The morphological changes were observed in the SW579 cells, and the number of tumor cells decreased markedly in the shRNA pool group compared with that of the other three groups. Therefore, it was concluded that HDACs present a potential target for increasing the sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells to radiotherapy, and shRNA‑HDAC interference combined with radiotherapy promotes the radiosensitivity of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xueming Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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24
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Kim HJ, Kim MJ, Kim A, Jung CW, Park S, Koh JS, Myung JK. The Role of Notch1 Signaling in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:509-517. [PMID: 27586674 PMCID: PMC5398404 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Notch signaling pathway is widely expressed in normal, reactive, and neoplastic tissues; however, its role in thyroid tissues has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the expression of the Notch signaling pathway in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of activated Notch1 in ATC and PTC paraffin-embedded tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The small interfering RNA techniquewas employed to knock down Notch1 expression in ATC and PTC cell lines. RESULTS The expression of activated Notch1 was higher in ATC cases than in PTC cases. Inhibition of Notch1 significantly reduced proliferation and migration of ATC cells, but not PTC cells. In addition, inhibition of Notch1 in ATC cells significantly reduced the expression of key markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Conversely, changes in the expression of these proteins were not observed in PTC cells. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that Notch1 expression plays different roles in tumor progression in ATC and PTC cells. We also found that Notch1 expression was significantly related to the highly invasive or proliferative activity of ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areumnuri Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Jung
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Soo Koh
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Trimboli P, Nigri G, Guidobaldi L, Romanelli F, Aurello P, Crescenzi A, Appetecchia M, Giovanella L, Valabrega S. Early diagnosis by FNA cytology should not influence the outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr J 2016; 63:367-73. [PMID: 26821685 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In oncology, the early cancer detection is recognized as associated with good patient's prognosis. Then, one could expect that differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) undergone fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) early have better outcome. Aim of this study was to investigate if DTC prognosis is improved by early FNA diagnosis. DTCs followed-up at our institution were included. Information about initial management of thyroid lesion, FNA, surgery, and postoperative follow-up was collected. Cytologies were classified according to British Thyroid Association (BTA). The final series comprised 219 DTCs, of which 22 (10%) recurred. The length of time between nodule appearance and cancer treatment was significantly (p<0.0001) shorter in patients who had undergone FNA than those who had not. In the FNA group, 73 patients underwent biopsy within six months, 25 at 7-12 months, and 43 after at least one year. Regardless of this highly significant (p<0.0001) difference, the results of TNM staging and cancer recurrence rate were no different between these three subgroups. This result was confirmed in DTCs larger than 1 cm submitted to FNA within 12 months or later. When we evaluated the impact of nodule's presentation on DTC outcome, clinically discovered cancers were significantly associated with relapse (OR 2.81) and advanced TNM stages (p=0.03). These data show a lack of clinical impact of the delayed diagnosis of DTC. Also, the postoperative outcome of these patients should not be influenced by the timing of FNA. Instead, DTC patients with preoperative clinical nodule appearance should be considered at higher risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ospedale Israelitico, Rome, Italy
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26
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Revannasiddaiah S, Madabhavi I, Bodh A, Thakur P, Sharma M. Metronomic chemotherapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a potentially feasible alternative to therapeutic nihilism. Indian J Palliat Care 2015; 21:245-9. [PMID: 26009682 PMCID: PMC4441190 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.156511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and prognostic outlook remains very dismal. Treatment most often is palliative in intent attempting to relieve the patients from local compressive symptoms in the neck. Radical surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy have not been tested in large prospective trials, and current evidence from retrospective series and small trials indicate only marginal survival benefits. Given the poor prognostic and therapeutic outlook, patients must be encouraged to be actively involved in the decision making process. We report the case of an elderly patient who had no response to palliative RT, and was treated with oral metronomic chemotherapy. The response to oral metronomic chemotherapy was dramatic, and the patient has enjoyed complete freedom from symptoms as well as radiologically exhibits a complete regression. Thus, we document the first ever use of a simple, cost-effective, and convenient oral metronomic chemotherapeutic regimen delivering a remarkable response in an elderly patient with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Revannasiddaiah
- Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Irappa Madabhavi
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Anita Bodh
- Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- Department of Radiotherapy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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27
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Trimboli P, Bongiovanni M, Rossi F, Guidobaldi L, Crescenzi A, Ceriani L, Nigri G, Valabrega S, Romanelli F, Giovanella L. Differentiated thyroid cancer patients with a previous indeterminate (Thy 3) cytology have a better prognosis than those with suspicious or malignant FNAC reports. Endocrine 2015; 49:191-5. [PMID: 25323658 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) read at cytology as indeterminate and classified as Thy 3 according to the British Thyroid Association has recently been suggested to be good. To obtain robust information about this potential novelty, in this study we retrospectively reviewed DTC with a prior fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of Thy 3, Thy 4 or Thy 5 presently followed up at two institutes. Patients with no FNAC before surgery were excluded and a series of 284 DTC was enrolled in the study. Of these, 53 had Thy 3, 108 Thy 4, and 123 had Thy 5 prior to surgery. At histology, 280 (98.6 %) papillary and 4 follicular (1.4 %) cancers were found. Overall, the less aggressive cancer forms were prevalent in all three groups. The lower TNM stages (I and II) were more frequent in the Thy 3 group (96.2 %) than in the other cases (76.6 %) (p < 0.001). Neck lymph node metastasis at diagnosis was found in 3.8 % of Thy 3, 18.5 % of Thy 4, and 26 % of Thy 5 cases. At follow-up, a 16.2 % recurrence rate was recorded, ranging from 1.9 % in Thy 3 group to 19.5 % for Thy 4 and Thy 5 (p < 0.001). According to the Kaplan-Meier curve, Thy 3 was thus a favorable prognostic factor compared with Thy 4 and Thy 5 (OR = 0.079, p < 0.001, 95 %CI 0.01-0.59). At multivariate analysis, Thy 3 was an independent predictor of good prognosis (OR = 0.06, p = 0.03, 95 %CI 0.01-0.80). In conclusion, DTC with a preoperative Thy 3 cytology have a better prognosis than those with Thy 4 and Thy 5 due to less aggressive tumor types and lower TNM stage at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ospedale Israelitico, Via Fulda, 14, 00148, Rome, Italy,
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28
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Baldini E, Tuccilli C, Prinzi N, Sorrenti S, Falvo L, De Vito C, Catania A, Tartaglia F, Mocini R, Coccaro C, Alessandrini S, Barollo S, Mian C, Antonelli A, De Antoni E, D’Armiento M, Ulisse S. Deregulated expression of Aurora kinases is not a prognostic biomarker in papillary thyroid cancer patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121514. [PMID: 25807528 PMCID: PMC4373730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of reports indicated that Aurora-A or Aurora-B overexpression represented a negative prognostic factor in several human malignancies. In thyroid cancer tissues a deregulated expression of Aurora kinases has been also demonstrated, but no information regarding its possible prognostic role in differentiated thyroid cancer is available. Here, we evaluated Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNA expression and its prognostic relevance in a series of 87 papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), with a median follow-up of 63 months. The analysis of Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNA levels in PTC tissues, compared to normal matched tissues, revealed that their expression was either up- or down-regulated in the majority of cancer tissues. In particular, Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNA levels were altered, respectively, in 55 (63.2%) and 79 (90.8%) out of the 87 PTC analyzed.A significant positive correlation between Aurora-A and Aurora-B mRNAs was observed (p=0.001). The expression of both Aurora genes was not affected by the BRAFV600E mutation. Univariate, multivariate and Kaplan-Mayer analyses documented the lack of association between Aurora-A or Aurora-B expression and clinicopathological parameters such as gender, age, tumor size, histology, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and BRAF status as well as disease recurrences or disease-free interval. Only Aurora-B mRNA was significantly higher in T(3-4) tissues, with respect to T(1-2) PTC tissues. The data reported here demonstrate that the expression of Aurora kinases is deregulated in the majority of PTC tissues, likely contributing to PTC progression. However, differently from other human solid cancers, detection of Aurora-A or Aurora-B mRNAs is not a prognostic biomarker in PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falvo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Renzo Mocini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Coccaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Susi Barollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico De Antoni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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29
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Chen G, Nicula D, Renko K, Derwahl M. Synergistic anti-proliferative effect of metformin and sorafenib on growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells and their stem cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1994-2000. [PMID: 25683253 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor has recently been approved for the treatment of radio-iodine refractory thyroid carcinoma. However, toxic side effects may lead to dose reduction. In the present study, we analyzed whether a combined therapy with metformin may allow a dose reduction of sorafenib without loss of effectiveness at the same time. In HTh74 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells and its derived doxorubicin-resistant HTh74Rdox cell line, the growth inhibitory effect of sorafenib with or without metformin was investigated. Furthermore, an analysis of cell cycle arrest in response to sorafenib was performed and the ability of a combined treatment to induce apoptosis was analyzed. In addition, the effects on clonal growth and formation of stem cell-derived spheres were assayed. The influence of sorafenib and metformin on MAP kinase pathway was investigated by analysis of ERK phosphorylation. Sorafenib and metformin synergistically inhibited growth of the two thyroid cancer cell lines, with a more pronounced effect on the doxorubicin-resistant HTh74Rdox cell line. The two drugs also synergistically decreased sphere formation, which suggested a specific effect on thyroid cancer stem cells. The addition of metformin enabled a 25% dose reduction of sorafenib without loss of its growth inhibitory efficacy. Sorafenib and metformin synergistically decreased the proliferation of ATC cell lines and the outgrowth of their derived cancer stem cells. A combined treatment enabled a significant dose reduction of sorafenib. In respect to frequent toxic side effects, clinical studies in future should demonstrate whether the addition of metformin may be an advantage in the chemotherapy of patients with radio-iodine‑resistant thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Nicula
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charite, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Derwahl
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Antitumor activity of lenvatinib (e7080): an angiogenesis inhibitor that targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases in preclinical human thyroid cancer models. J Thyroid Res 2014; 2014:638747. [PMID: 25295214 PMCID: PMC4177084 DOI: 10.1155/2014/638747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by blockading the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer. Lenvatinib mesilate (lenvatinib) is a potent inhibitor of VEGF receptors (VEGFR1–3) and other prooncogenic and prooncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, including fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1–4), platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), KIT, and RET. We examined the antitumor activity of lenvatinib against human thyroid cancer xenograft models in nude mice. Orally administered lenvatinib showed significant antitumor activity in 5 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 5 anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), and 1 medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) xenograft models. Lenvatinib also showed antiangiogenesis activity against 5 DTC and 5 ATC xenografts, while lenvatinib showed in vitro antiproliferative activity against only 2 of 11 thyroid cancer cell lines: that is, RO82-W-1 and TT cells. Western blot analysis showed that cultured RO82-W-1 cells overexpressed FGFR1 and that lenvatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its downstream effector FRS2. Lenvatinib also inhibited the phosphorylation of RET with the activated mutation C634W in TT cells. These data demonstrate that lenvatinib provides antitumor activity mainly via angiogenesis inhibition but also inhibits FGFR and RET signaling pathway in preclinical human thyroid cancer models.
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31
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Idiz O, Aysan E, Firat D, Ersoy YE, Cengiz MB, Akbulut H, Isık A, Muslumanoglu M. Efficacy of glycerol and flax seed oil as anti-adhesive barriers after thyroidectomy. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1090-4. [PMID: 24973306 PMCID: PMC4085115 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the effects of local flax seed oil and glycerol application for reducing adhesion formation after thyroidectomy. Material/Method We randomly assigned 18 female Wistar albino rats (median weight: 275 g, median age: 4.5 mth) to 3 groups: 0.1 ml 0.9% NaCl, glycerol, and flax seed oil were sprayed in a perithyroidal area after thyroidectomy operation on all animals as anti-adhesive barriers. Rats were sacrificed on the postoperative 14th day and adhesions were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Results The median macroscopic adhesion score was 3.0±0.0 in the 0.9% NaCl group, 1.33±0.52 in the glycerol group, and 1.67±0.53 in the flax seed oil group. The median histopathological fibrosis scores were 2.33±0.82, 0.67±0.52, and 0.83±0.75, respectively. Both glycerol and flaxseed oil group macroscopic and microscopic scores were significantly lower than the 0.9% NaCl group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions Glycerol and flax seed oil both decrease the incidence of post-thyroidectomy adhesion in rats, but glycerol is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Idiz
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Aysan
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Firat
- Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Emine Ersoy
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Huseyin Akbulut
- Department of General Surgery, Bezmialem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Arda Isık
- Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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32
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Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid cancer, is rising at an epidemic rate. The mainstay of treatment of most patients with thyroid cancer is surgery. Considerable controversy exists about the extent of thyroid surgery and lymph node resection in patients with thyroid cancer. Surgical experience in judgment and technique is required to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda G Callender
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Christison-Lagay
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Udelsman
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, FMB 102, PO Box 208062, New Haven, CT 06520-8062, USA.
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33
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Baldini E, Sorrenti S, Tuccilli C, Prinzi N, Coccaro C, Catania A, Filippini A, Bononi M, De Antoni E, D'Armiento M, Ulisse S. Emerging molecular markers for the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 1:S52-6. [PMID: 24862669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial thyroid cancers are represented by the differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas which, following dedifferentiation, are thought to give rise to the highly aggressive and incurable anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Although derived from the same cell type, the different thyroid tumors show specific histological features, biological behavior and degree of differentiation as a consequence of different genetic alterations. Over the last few years, our knowledge regarding the molecular alterations underlying thyroid cell malignant transformation and cancer progression has considerably increased; however, the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients still relies on high-risk clinic-pathological variables. In particular, the actual staging systems provides only a rough prediction for cancer mortality and risk of recurrences, including in each risk group patients with highly different tumor-specific progression, disease-free interval and survival time. In order to improve DTC patient's risk stratification, both the European and the American Thyroid Associations proposed practical guidelines to integrate the actual staging systems with additional clinical features such as the tumor histological variant, the results of post-ablative whole body scan and the serum thyroglobulin levels. Despite that, patients within the same risk group still show a very heterogeneous behavior in terms of disease-free interval. As a consequence, the identification of new prognostic molecular biomarkers able to testify tumor aggressiveness is highly required. Here we'll review recently characterized new molecular markers potentially able to ameliorate the prognosis in DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Coccaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bononi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Antoni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimino D'Armiento
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Influence of risk grouping on therapeutic decisions in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:985-993. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anaplastic thyroid cancer: the addition of systemic chemotherapy to radiotherapy led to an observed improvement in survival--a single centre experience and review of the literature. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:674583. [PMID: 25184150 PMCID: PMC3947878 DOI: 10.1155/2014/674583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is rare yet accounts for up to 50% of all thyroid cancer deaths. This study reviews outcomes of patients with confirmed ATC referred to a tertiary oncology centre plus reviews the literature to explore how poor outcomes may be improved. Materials and Methods. The management and outcomes of 20 patients with ATC were reviewed. Results. Median age at diagnosis was 69.5 years. 19 patients died due to ATC, 40% of whom died from asphyxiation. Median survival for all cases was 59 days. Patients who had previous surgery prior to other treatment modalities had a longer median survival overall compared to those who had not had previous surgery (142 days compared to 59 days) and produced the one long-term survivor. Chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (without previous surgery) was associated with longer median survival (220 days). Palliative radiotherapy alone did not decrease the rate of death by asphyxiation when compared to other single modality treatments. Conclusion. Multimodality treatment including surgery when feasible remains the best strategy to improve survival and prevent death from asphyxiation in the management of ATC. The addition of chemotherapy to our institutional protocol led to improved survival but prognosis remains very poor.
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Ramirez AT, Gibelli B, Tradati N, Giugliano G, Zurlo V, Grosso E, Chiesa F. Surgical management of thyroid cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:1203-14. [PMID: 17892421 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.9.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm; however, it only accounts for less than 1% of all human malignances. Thyroid cancers are divided into well differentiated and non-well differentiated cancers, according to their histology and behavior. The surgical management options of well-differentiated thyroid cancer include total or near-total thyroidectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy and lobectomy plus isthmusectomy. The extent of surgery for thyroid cancer continues to be an area of controversy. Complications associated with thyroid surgery are directly proportional to the extent of thyroidectomy and inversely proportional to the experience of the operating surgeon. They occur less frequently with good surgical technique and better understanding of surgical anatomy, and include wound healing and infections (seroma, hematoma and wound infection), nerve injury, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, postoperative hemorrhage and respiratory obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis T Ramirez
- University Hospital Neiva Colombia, General Surgery Department, Colombia.
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Baldini E, D'Armiento M, Ulisse S. A new aurora in anaplastic thyroid cancer therapy. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:816430. [PMID: 25097550 PMCID: PMC4106108 DOI: 10.1155/2014/816430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATC) are among the most aggressive human neoplasms with a dire prognosis and a median survival time of few months from the diagnosis. The complete absence of effective therapies for ATC renders the identification of novel therapeutic approaches sorely needed. Chromosomal instability, a feature of all human cancers, is thought to represent a major driving force in thyroid cancer progression and a number of mitotic kinases showing a deregulated expression in malignant thyroid tissues are now held responsible for thyroid tumor aneuploidy. These include the three members of the Aurora family (Aurora-A, Aurora-B, and Aurora-C), serine/threonine kinases that regulate multiple aspects of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Over the last few years, several small molecule inhibitors targeting Aurora kinases were developed, which showed promising antitumor effects against a variety of human cancers, including ATC, in preclinical studies. Several of these molecules are now being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials against advanced solid and hematological malignancies. In the present review we will describe the structure, expression, and mitotic functions of the Aurora kinases, their implications in human cancer progression, with particular regard to ATC, and the effects of their functional inhibition on malignant cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimino D'Armiento
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- *Salvatore Ulisse:
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Zivaljevic V, Tausanovic K, Paunovic I, Diklic A, Kalezic N, Zoric G, Sabljak V, Vekic B, Zivic R, Marinkovic J, Sipetic S. Age as a prognostic factor in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:240513. [PMID: 25024703 PMCID: PMC4082884 DOI: 10.1155/2014/240513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the tumors with the shortest survival in human medicine. Aim. The aim was to determine the importance of age in survival of patients with ATC. Material and Methods. We analyzed the data on 150 patients diagnosed with ATC in the period from 1995 to 2006. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to determine overall survival. Prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results. The youngest patient was 35 years old and the oldest was 89 years old. According to univariate regression analysis, age was significantly associated with longer survival in patients with ATC. In multivariate regression analysis, patients age, presence of longstanding goiter, whether surgical treatment is carried out or not, type of surgery, tumor multicentricity, presence of distant metastases, histologically proven preexistent papillary carcinoma, radioiodine therapy, and postoperative radiotherapy were included. According to multivariate analysis, besides surgery (P = 0.000, OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.29-0.63), only patients age (P = 0.023, OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49-0.95) was independent prognostic factor of favorable survival in patients with ATC. Conclusion. Age is a factor that was independently associated with survival time in ATC. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has the best prognosis in patients younger than 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan Zivaljevic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Tausanovic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- *Katarina Tausanovic:
| | - Ivan Paunovic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Diklic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kalezic
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Zoric
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Sabljak
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Rastko Zivic
- Surgical Clinic, KBC Dedinje, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sandra Sipetic
- School of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Sun C, Li Q, Hu Z, He J, Li C, Li G, Tao X, Yang A. Treatment and prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: experience from a single institution in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80011. [PMID: 24224029 PMCID: PMC3818277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), a highly aggressive malignancy, has a poor prognosis, and the consensus on the most effective treatment is needed. Methods Clinical data from all ATC patients treated in our institution over a 30-year period (between May 1980 and May 2010) were analyzed retrospectively with regard to mortality and survival rates (Kaplan–Meier). Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Sixty cases were analyzed. The overall 1- and 3-year survival rates were 35.0% and 22.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the best prognosis was seen in patients younger than 55 years, those without distant metastases, those with white blood cell (WBC) counts < 10.0 × 109/L or blood platelet (PLT) counts < 300.0 × 109/L at presentation, those who did not receive chemotherapy, and those who received radiotherapy doses ≥ 40 Gy or underwent surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy. According to multivariate analysis, the WBC count at first presentation and the type of therapeutic regimen independently influenced survival. Conclusions We found that the elevated peripheral PLT count may be an adverse prognostic factor of ATC patients. The prognosis for ATC is especially poor for patients with distant metastasis, a WBC count ≥ 10.0×109/L, a PLT count ≥ 300.0 × 109/L, or age ≥ 55 years. WBC count at presentation and surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy independently influenced the prognosis. Intensive treatment combining surgery with postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for ATC patients with stage IVA/B disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzheng Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zedong Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiehua He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Radiology Department of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: cjr.taoxiaofeng.@vip.163.com (XFT); (AKY)
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: cjr.taoxiaofeng.@vip.163.com (XFT); (AKY)
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Suh HJ, Moon HJ, Kwak JY, Choi JS, Kim EK. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: ultrasonographic findings and the role of ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:1400-6. [PMID: 24142644 PMCID: PMC3809886 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.6.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the ultrasonographic (US) features of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and the diagnostic performance of US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) therein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen cases of ATC diagnosed between January 2001 and May 2011 were included. FNAB was performed in all cases. Initial FNAB results were divided into three groups: 1) the cytological ATC group, cytological diagnosis of ATC; 2) the underestimated group, cytological diagnoses of malignancy other than ATC; and 3) the false negative group, cytological diagnoses of atypical, benign and non-diagnostic lesions. We retrospectively reviewed US findings and compared treatment modalities between each group. RESULTS Among the 18 patients, there were nine in the initially cytological ATC group, four in the underestimated group and five in the false negative group. The most common US features of ATC were a solid (64.7%) and irregular shaped (88.2%) mass with lymph node involvement (76.4%). However, except for lymph node involvement (p=0.003), US findings for each group were not statistically different. The initial cytological diagnostic accuracy of ATC was 50% (9/18). Surgery was performed less in the ATC group (11%) and the false negative group (20%) than the underestimated group (75%). CONCLUSION The US features of ATC were not especially different from other types of aggressive thyroid cancer. A correct diagnosis of ATC by initial US-FNAB was made in 50% of the patients, which is significant in that therapeutic surgery can be undertaken in lower numbers if correctly diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Suh
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Biswas R, Chung PS, Moon JH, Lee SH, Ahn JC. Carboplatin synergistically triggers the efficacy of photodynamic therapy via caspase 3-, 8-, and 12-dependent pathways in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:995-1007. [PMID: 24114422 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of malignancies which grow very rapidly. Several conventional methods have been applied for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer, but most of them were not successful in complete recovery of the patients. Therefore, a combination of two or more conventional modalities is being applied nowadays for the treatment of this type of cancer. In this present study, the combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy has been studied in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells FRO were treated with a chemotherapy drug, carboplatin (cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxyl-ateplatinum II (CBDCA)), and radachlorin-mediated PDT individually and in combination. Several parameters like cytotoxicity assay by MTT, apoptosis study by annexin V and propidium iodide, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, confocal microscopic study, and Western blot analysis for different apoptosis-related proteins like Bax, cytochrome c, caspases 3, 9, 8, and 12, etc. were studied to check the efficacy of the combination treatment as well as to find out the mechanism of this enhanced efficacy. Results showed that both PDT and CBDCA can induce apoptosis in FRO cells. However, a synergistic efficacy was observed when the cells were treated with CBDCA and PDT in combination. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in reactive oxygen species generation were observed in combination treatments. The enhanced expression of different apoptotic pathway-related proteins like Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 12, etc. also confirmed the higher efficacy of combination treatment. Therefore, with this combination treatment, not only a higher efficacy can be achieved but also the effective dose of the chemotherapy drug can be reduced, and hence, the adverse side effects of the chemotherapy drugs can also be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Biswas
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 29-1, Anseo-dong, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea, 330-714
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Sarosiek KA, Ni Chonghaile T, Letai A. Mitochondria: gatekeepers of response to chemotherapy. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:612-9. [PMID: 24060597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that regulate commitment to and execution of apoptosis. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway culminates in the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane and dismantling of the cell. Apoptosis of cancer cells is a favorable outcome when administering chemotherapeutic treatment, yet the basis for why some cancers are sensitive to chemotherapy whereas others are not has historically been poorly understood. In this review, we present recent work that has demonstrated the importance of mitochondrial apoptotic priming, or how close a cell is to the threshold of apoptosis, in determining whether a cell will undergo apoptosis after chemotherapy treatment. Differential levels of apoptotic priming in tumors create bona fide opportunities and challenges for effective use of targeted and cytotoxic chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A Sarosiek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Cha HY, Lee BS, Kang S, Shin YS, Chang JW, Sung ES, Kim YS, Choi JW, Kim JH, Kim CH. Valproic Acid Sensitizes TRAIL-Resistant Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells to Apoptotic Cell Death. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20 Suppl 3:S716-24. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jin J, Phitayakorn R, Wilhelm SM, McHenry CR. Advances in management of thyroid cancer. Curr Probl Surg 2013; 50:241-89. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sun X, Sun S, Guevara N, Fakhry N, Marcy P, Lassalle S, Peyrottes I, Bensadoun R, Lacout A, Santini J, Cals L, Bosset J, Garden A, Thariat J. Chemoradiation in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 86:290-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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ADAMS A, ROY AA, JONES R, RICHARDS PS. The role of ultrasound in the management of nodular thyroid disease and hyperparathyroidism. IMAGING 2013. [DOI: 10.1259/imaging.20120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yu XM, Jaskula-Sztul R, Ahmed K, Harrison AD, Kunnimalaiyaan M, Chen H. Resveratrol induces differentiation markers expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma via activation of Notch1 signaling and suppresses cell growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1276-87. [PMID: 23594881 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy with undifferentiated features, for which conventional treatments, including radioactive iodine ablation, are usually not effective. Recent evidence suggests that the Notch1 pathway is important in the regulation of thyroid cancer cell growth and expression of thyrocyte differentiation markers. However, drug development targeting Notch1 signaling in ATC remains largely underexplored. Previously, we have identified resveratrol out of over 7,000 compounds as the most potent Notch pathway activator using a high-throughput screening method. In this study, we showed that resveratrol treatment (10-50 μmol/L) suppressed ATC cell growth in a dose-dependent manner for both HTh7 and 8505C cell lines via S-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Resveratrol induced functional Notch1 protein expression and activated the pathway by transcriptional regulation. In addition, the expression of thyroid-specific genes including TTF1, TTF2, Pax8, and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) was upregulated in both ATC cell lines with resveratrol treatment. Notch1 siRNA interference totally abrogated the induction of TTF1 and Pax8 but not of TTF2. Moreover, Notch1 silencing by siRNA decreased resveratrol-induced NIS expression. In summary, our data indicate that resveratrol inhibits cell growth and enhances redifferentiation in ATC cells dependent upon the activation of Notch1 signaling. These findings provide the first documentation for the role of resveratrol in ATC redifferentiation, suggesting that activation of Notch1 signaling could be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with ATC and thus warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA
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Brown RF, Ducic Y. Aggressive surgical resection of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma may provide long-term survival in selected patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:564-71. [PMID: 23396588 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813477364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we present our experience with aggressive surgical treatment in selected patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer with extrathyroidal extension. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING Tertiary care referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Retrospective chart review of all patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer surgically treated by the senior author from January 1998 to July 2012. RESULTS A total of 38 cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer were treated (21 male and 17 female). The mean age was 64.5 years. Twenty-two patients were considered surgically unresectable (18 had distant metastases and 4 had extrathyroidal extension of cancer lateral to carotid arteries) and underwent biopsy with or without tracheostomy. The remaining 16 patients underwent surgical resection with curative intent. Fourteen of these patients underwent postoperative radiation therapy. None of these 16 patients developed local recurrence. Six developed distant metastasis at an average follow-up of 3.2 months, 1 died of an unrelated myocardial infarction at 3 months, 2 were lost to follow-up, and 7 remain disease free with an average follow-up of 4.8 years (range, 9 months to 8 years). Of those patients who underwent complete surgical resection followed by postoperative radiation, 7 of 14 (50%) are still alive, with a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. CONCLUSION Selected patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer with extrathyroidal extension (stage IVB) who show no distant metastases by computed tomography or positron emission tomography scans and who do not have tumor extending lateral to the carotid arteries are candidates for complete surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Brown
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Hakala T, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Kholová I, Holli K, Huhtala H, Sand J. Rising Incidence of Small Size Papillary Thyroid Cancers with No Change in Disease-Specific Survival in Finnish Thyroid Cancer Patients. Scand J Surg 2012; 101:301-6. [DOI: 10.1177/145749691210100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate trends in the incidence, diagnostics, treatment and survival of thyroid cancer in Tampere University Hospital (TAUH) region in recent decades. Material and Methods: New thyroid cancer cases from 1981 to 2002 were ascertained from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Follow-up data was collected from medical records of TAUH. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC; consisting of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)) patients' data was analyzed and divided into two equal time periods (1981–1991 and 1992–2002). Results: The total amount of thyroid cancer cases was 553, of which 427 (77%) were papillary and 72 (13%) follicular. Thyroid cancer was four times more common in females than in males and the median age at the time of diagnosis was 52 years. The incidence of DTC was 4.5/100 000 in the earlier group and 6.0/100 000 in the later group (IRR 1.33, CI 1.11–1.60). The proportion of papillary thyroid cancer rose from 81% to 89% (p = 0.02) in two study periods. Median tumour size became smaller, from 25 mm to 15 mm (p < 0.001). Surgery became more radical as total thyroidectomies were performed almost exclusively on the later group (p < 0.001). Median cumulative dose of radioiodine (I131) therapy was higher in the later group (p = 0.04). There was no difference in number of cancer recurrences (p = 0.54). The prognosis of DTC was good; 10-year disease-specific survival was 92% in the earlier group and 94% in the later group (p = 0.43). Conclusions: The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen and proportion of papillary cancer has increased, however, median size of tumour has decreased. No difference was seen in either all-cause or disease-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hakala
- Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - P. Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - I. Kholová
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K. Holli
- University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - H. Huhtala
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J. Sand
- University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Surgery, Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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