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Bao S, Romero JM, Belfort BD, Arenkiel BR. Signaling mechanisms underlying activity-dependent integration of adult-born neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Genesis 2024; 62:e23595. [PMID: 38553878 PMCID: PMC10987073 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has fascinated the field of neuroscience for decades given the prospects of harnessing mechanisms that facilitate the rewiring and/or replacement of adult brain tissue. The subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle are the two main areas in the brain that exhibit ongoing neurogenesis. Of these, adult-born neurons within the olfactory bulb have proven to be a powerful model for studying circuit plasticity, providing a broad and accessible avenue into neuron development, migration, and continued circuit integration within adult brain tissue. This review focuses on some of the recognized molecular and signaling mechanisms underlying activity-dependent adult-born neuron development. Notably, olfactory activity and behavioral states contribute to adult-born neuron plasticity through sensory and centrifugal inputs, in which calcium-dependent transcriptional programs, local translation, and neuropeptide signaling play important roles. This review also highlights areas of needed continued investigation to better understand the remarkable phenomenon of adult-born neuron integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Bao
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Juan M. Romero
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D.W. Belfort
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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De A, El-Shamayleh Y, Horwitz GD. Fast and reversible neural inactivation in macaque cortex by optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons. eLife 2020; 9:52658. [PMID: 32452766 PMCID: PMC7329331 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic techniques for neural inactivation are valuable for linking neural activity to behavior but they have serious limitations in macaques. To achieve powerful and temporally precise neural inactivation, we used an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector carrying the channelrhodopsin-2 gene under the control of a Dlx5/6 enhancer, which restricts expression to GABAergic neurons. We tested this approach in the primary visual cortex, an area where neural inactivation leads to interpretable behavioral deficits. Optical stimulation modulated spiking activity and reduced visual sensitivity profoundly in the region of space represented by the stimulated neurons. Rebound firing, which can have unwanted effects on neural circuits following inactivation, was not observed, and the efficacy of the optogenetic manipulation on behavior was maintained across >1000 trials. We conclude that this inhibitory cell-type-specific optogenetic approach is a powerful and spatiotemporally precise neural inactivation tool with broad utility for probing the functional contributions of cortical activity in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek De
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Yasmine El-Shamayleh
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Gregory D Horwitz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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Abstract
The act of sniffing increases the air velocity and changes the duration of airflow in the nose. It is not yet clear how these changes interact with the intrinsic timing within the olfactory bulb, but this is a matter of current research activity. An action of sniffing in generating a high velocity that alters the sorption of odorants onto the lining of the nasal cavity is expected from the established work on odorant properties and sorption in the frog nose. Recent work indicates that the receptor properties in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb are correlated with the receptor gene expression zones. The responses in both the epithelium and the olfactory bulb are predictable to a considerable extent by the hydrophobicity of odorants. Furthermore, receptor expression in both rodent and salamander nose interacts with the shapes of the nasal cavity to place the receptor sensitivity to odorants in optimal places according to the aerodynamic properties of the nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Scott
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 405N Whitehead Biomedical Research Center, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Rosin JF, Datiche F, Cattarelli M. Modulation of the piriform cortex activity by the basal forebrain: an optical recording study in the rat. Brain Res 1999; 820:105-11. [PMID: 10023037 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The piriform cortex (PCx) is the main projection area of the olfactory bulb. It further receives afferents from neurons located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) and the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO) of the basal forebrain. Using an optical recording technique, we examined the influence of electrical stimulation of the HDB-MCPO complex upon the PCx reactivity to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb. We observed an inhibitory modulation which was stronger on the intrinsic activity than on the afferent one. This effect was not homogeneously distributed within the whole PCx. The neurotransmitter involved and its synaptic target remain to be determined. The present findings are discussed in view of anatomical and functional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Rosin
- Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût, CNRS UPR 9054, Campus Universitaire de Bourgogne, 15 rue Hugues Picardet, F-21000, Dijon, France
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