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Song J, Liu Y, Guo Y, Yuan M, Zhong W, Tang J, Guo Y, Guo L. Therapeutic effects of tetrandrine in inflammatory diseases: a comprehensive review. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1743-1757. [PMID: 38568399 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation can be triggered by any factor. The primary pathological manifestations can be summarized as the deterioration, exudation, and proliferation of local tissues, which can cause systemic damage in severe cases. Inflammatory lesions are primarily localized but may interact with body systems to cause provocative storms, parenchymal organ lesions, vascular and central nervous system necrosis, and other pathologic responses. Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylquinoline alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Stephania tetrandra, which has been shown to have significant efficacy in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, nephritis, etc., through NF-κB, MAPK, ERK, and STAT3 signaling pathways. TET can regulate the body's imbalanced metabolic pathways, reverse the inflammatory process, reduce other pathological damage caused by inflammation, and prevent the vicious cycle. More importantly, TET does not disrupt body's normal immune function while clearing the body's inflammatory state. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to its dosage and duration during treatment to avoid unexpected side effects caused by a long half-life. In summary, TET has a promising future in treating inflammatory diseases. The author reviews current therapeutic studies of TET in inflammatory conditions to provide some ideas for subsequent anti-inflammatory studies of TET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yurou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiamei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Xu C, Mei Y, Yang R, Luo Q, Zhang J, Kou X, Hu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen R, Zhang Z, Yao Y, Sima J. Edaravone Dexborneol mitigates pathology in animal and cell culture models of Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting neuroinflammation and neuronal necroptosis. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:55. [PMID: 38678262 PMCID: PMC11056062 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease with limited disease-modifying treatments. Drug repositioning strategy has now emerged as a promising approach for anti-AD drug discovery. Using 5×FAD mice and Aβ-treated neurons in culture, we tested the efficacy of Y-2, a compounded drug containing the antioxidant Edaravone (Eda), a pyrazolone and (+)-Borneol, an anti-inflammatory diterpenoid from cinnamon, approved for use in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. RESULTS We examined effects of Y-2 versus Eda alone by i.p. administered in 8-week-old 5×FAD mice (females) for 4 months by comparing cognitive function, Aβ pathologies, neuronal necroptosis and neuroinflammation. Using primary neurons and astrocytes, as well as neuronal and astrocytic cell lines, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of Y-2 by examining neuronal injury, astrocyte-mediated inflammation and necroptosis. Here, we find that Y-2 improves cognitive function in AD mice. Histopathological data show that Y-2, better than Eda alone, markedly ameliorates Aβ pathologies including Aβ burden, astrogliosis/microgliosis, and Tau phosphorylation. In addition, Y-2 reduces Aβ-induced neuronal injury including neurite damage, mitochondrial impairment, reactive oxygen species production and NAD+ depletion. Notably, Y-2 inhibits astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and attenuates TNF-α-triggered neuronal necroptosis in cell cultures and AD mice. RNA-seq further demonstrates that Y-2, compared to Eda, indeed upregulates anti-inflammation pathways in astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings infer that Y-2, better than Eda alone, mitigates AD pathology and may provide a potential drug candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yilan Mei
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiudan Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jienian Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaolin Kou
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Jianfeng Hu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yue Li
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, NeuroDawn Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211199, China.
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jian Sima
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Ayaz M, Mosa OF, Nawaz A, Hamdoon AAE, Elkhalifa MEM, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ahmed A, Kabra A, Khan H, Murthy HCA. Neuroprotective potentials of Lead phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease with focus on oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways: Pharmacokinetic challenges, target specificity, clinical trials and future perspectives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155272. [PMID: 38181530 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's diseases (AD) and dementia are among the highly prevalent neurological disorders characterized by deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques, dense deposits of highly phosphorylated tau proteins, insufficiency of acetylcholine (ACh) and imbalance in glutamatergic system. Patients typically experience cognitive, behavioral alterations and are unable to perform their routine activities. Evidence also suggests that inflammatory processes including excessive microglia activation, high expression of inflammatory cytokines and release of free radicals. Thus, targeting inflammatory pathways beside other targets might be the key factors to control- disease symptoms and progression. PURPOSE This review is aimed to highlight the mechanisms and pathways involved in the neuroprotective potentials of lead phytochemicals. Further to provide updates regarding challenges associated with their use and their progress into clinical trials as potential lead compounds. METHODS Most recent scientific literature on pre-clinical and clinical data published in quality journals especially on the lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin was collected using SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, JSTOR, EBSCO, Scopus and other related web sources. RESULTS Literature review indicated that the drug discovery against AD is insufficient and only few drugs are clinically approved which have limited efficacy. Among the therapeutic options, natural products have got tremendous attraction owing to their molecular diversity, their safety and efficacy. Research suggest that natural products can delay the disease onset, reduce its progression and regenerate the damage via their anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. These agents regulate the pathways involved in the release of neurotrophins which are implicated in neuronal survival and function. Highly potential lead phytochemicals including curcumin, catechins, quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and apigenin regulate neuroprotective signaling pathways implicated in neurotrophins-mediated activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) and p75 neurotrophins receptor (p75NTR) family receptors. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals especially phenolic compounds were identified as highly potential molecules which ameliorate oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration, reduce Aβ load and inhibit vital enzymes. Yet their clinical efficacy and bioavailability are the major challenges which need further interventions for more effective therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan.
| | - Osama F Mosa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Modawy Elnour Modawy Elkhalifa
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18000 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Alshebli Ahmed
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, KSA; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - H C Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and technical science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li J, Lu X, Song J, Zhang L, Niu Q. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) participates in the aluminum-induced down-regulation of miR29a/b1. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127309. [PMID: 37801786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that aluminum (Al) is one of the environmental risk factors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Al exposure can cause elevated levels of BACE1mRNA, β-secretase (BACE1), and amyloid beta (Aβ) in vivo and in vitro. Previous studies by our research group have shown that this is partly caused by the negative regulation of BACE1 by miRNA29a/b1 (miR29a/b1). Despite the observed the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) on many miRNAs, the upstream regulation of NF-κB protein on miR29 remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to better define the relationship between NF-κB and miR29a/b1 and the potentially relevant signaling pathways. METHODS On the one hand, we constructed the animal model of Al exposure by the intraperitoneal injection of aluminum-maltolate (Al(mal)3) in rats. Conversely, NF- κB inhibitors were added to adrenal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells exposed to Al(mal)3. RESULTS We verified that NF-κB shows an increasing trend with Al accumulation in the brain of rats, which is accompanied by a downward trend of miR29a/b1. Notably, the suppression of NF-κB significantly increased miR29a/b1 and affected the expression of BACE1mRNA and downstream proteins. CONCLUSION Al-induced NF-κB can negatively regulate the expression of miR29a/b1, which then significantly enhances the expression of BACE1 and Aβ plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis (Shanxi), Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi Province, China.
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Tian Y, Jing G, Zhang M. Insulin-degrading enzyme: Roles and pathways in ameliorating cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:101999. [PMID: 37414154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β in the central nervous system is a common feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes-related cognitive impairment. Since the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) can break down amyloid-β plaques, there is considerable interest in using this enzyme to treat both neurological disorders. In this review, we have summarized the pre-clinical and clinical research on the potential application of IDE for the improvement of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we have presented an overview of the main pathways that can be targeted to mitigate the progression of AD and the cognitive impairment caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guangchan Jing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengren Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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Shared pathophysiology: Understanding stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 218:107306. [PMID: 35636382 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li Y, Fan H, Ni M, Zhang W, Fang F, Sun J, Lyu P, Ma P. Etanercept Reduces Neuron Injury and Neuroinflammation via Inactivating c-Jun N-terminal Kinase and Nuclear Factor-κB Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: An In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation. Neuroscience 2021; 484:140-150. [PMID: 35058089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and neuron loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Meanwhile, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors present strong effect on suppressing inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of etanercept (ETN) (a commonly used TNF-α inhibitor) on neuron injury and neuroinflammation in AD. AD cellular model was constructed by co-culture of primary embryonic neuron cells and microglial cells, followed by Aβ treatment. Subsequently, ETN was used to treat AD cellular model. Besides, APPswe/PS1M146V/tauP301L transgenic (AD) mice were respectively treated with saline or ETN by intravenous injection once per 3 days for 10 times. In vitro data revealed that cell viability and neurite outgrowth were increased, but apoptosis and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)) were decreased by ETN treatment in AD cellular model. In vivo experiments found that ETN treatment improved spatial, long-term memory (reflected by Morrison water maze) and working memory (reflected by Y maze) in AD mice. Besides, ETN treatment reduced neuron injury (reflected by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays) and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6 and CCL2) in AD mice. Moreover, ETN repressed the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in AD both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, ETN exerts neuroprotective function via inactivating JNK and NF-κB pathways in AD, indicating the potential of ETN for improving AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Fan
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengqin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Yu C, Zhang T, Shi S, Wei T, Wang Q. Potential biomarkers: differentially expressed proteins of the extrinsic coagulation pathway in plasma samples from patients with depression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6318-6331. [PMID: 34488523 PMCID: PMC8806736 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1971037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a severe disabling psychiatric illness and the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. In previous work, we found the changes in extrinsic coagulation (EC) pathway proteins in depressed patients compared with healthy subjects were significant. In this study, we screened differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the EC pathway, and explored the molecular mechanism by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The DEPs of the EC pathwaywere initially screened by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) in plasma samples obtained from 20 depression patients and 20 healthy controls, and were then identified by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to analyse pathway. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by analyzing the GSE98793 microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database using the Significance Analysis for Microarrays (SAM, version 4.1) statistical method. Cytoscape version 3.4.0 software was used to construct and visualize PPI networks. The results show that Fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), Fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), Fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) and Coagulation factor VII (FVII) were screened in the EC pathway from depression patient samples. FGA, FGB, and FGG were significantly up-regulated, and FVII was down-regulated. Thirteen DEGs related to depression and EC pathways were identified from the microarray database. Among them NF-κB Inhibitor Beta (NFKBIB) and Heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) were highly correlated with EC pathway. We conclude that EC pathway is associated with depression, which provided clues for the biomarker development and the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Teli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Taiming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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Onaolapo OJ, Onaolapo AY, Olowe OA, Udoh MO, Udoh DO, Nathaniel TI. Melatonin and Melatonergic Influence on Neuronal Transcription Factors: Implications for the Development of Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:563-577. [PMID: 31885352 PMCID: PMC7457420 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666191230114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signalling molecule that is secreted by the mammalian pineal gland, and also found in a number of organisms including plants and bacteria. Research has continued to uncover an ever-increasing number of processes in which melatonin is known to play crucial roles in mammals. Amongst these functions is its contribution to cell multiplication, differentiation and survival in the brain. Experimental studies show that melatonin can achieve these functions by influencing transcription factors which control neuronal and glial gene expression. Since neuronal survival and differentiation are processes that are important determinants of the pathogenesis, course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders; the known and potential influences of melatonin on neuronal and glial transcription factors are worthy of constant examination. In this review, relevant scientific literature on the role of melatonin in preventing or altering the course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on melatonin's influence on transcription factors is examined. A number of transcription factors whose functions can be influenced by melatonin in neurodegenerative disease models have also been highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic implications of melatonin's influences have also been discussed and the potential limitations to its applications have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A. Olowe
- Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Mojisola O. Udoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - David O. Udoh
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, 29605, United States
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10
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Chen X, Drew J, Berney W, Lei W. Neuroprotective Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1309. [PMID: 34070275 PMCID: PMC8225186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the number one neurovegetative disease, but its treatment options are relatively few and ineffective. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy, natural products have aroused interest in the research community and in the pharmaceutical industry for their neuroprotective activity, targeting different pathological mechanisms associated with AD. A wide variety of natural products from different origins have been evaluated preclinically and clinically for their neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and attenuating the multifactorial pathologies of AD. This review mainly focuses on the possible neuroprotective mechanisms from natural products that may be beneficial in AD treatment and the natural product mixtures or extracts from different sources that have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in preclinical and/or clinical studies. It is believed that natural product mixtures or extracts containing multiple bioactive compounds that can work additively or synergistically to exhibit multiple neuroprotective mechanisms might be an effective approach in AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Joshua Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wren Berney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, USA
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11
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Uddin MS, Hasana S, Ahmad J, Hossain MF, Rahman MM, Behl T, Rauf A, Ahmad A, Hafeez A, Perveen A, Ashraf GM. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Polyphenols by Inhibiting NF-κB to Halt Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:402-414. [PMID: 33213314 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118092422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irrevocable chronic brain disorder featured by neuronal loss, microglial accumulation, and progressive cognitive impairment. The proper pathophysiology of this life-threatening disorder is not completely understood and no exact remedies have been found yet. Over the last few decades, research on AD has mainly highlighted pathomechanisms linked to a couple of the major pathological hallmarks, including extracellular senile plaques made of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of tau proteins. Aβ can induce apoptosis, trigger an inflammatory response, and inhibit the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus, which ultimately contributes to reducing cognitive functions and memory impairment. Recently, a third disease hallmark, the neuroinflammatory reaction that is mediated by cerebral innate immune cells, has become a spotlight in the current research area, assured by pre-clinical, clinical, and genetic investigations. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), a cytokine producer, is significantly associated with physiological inflammatory proceedings and thus shows a promising candidate for inflammation- based AD therapy. Recent data reveal that phytochemicals, mainly polyphenol compounds, exhibit potential neuroprotective functions and these may be considered as a vital resource for discovering several drug candidates against AD. Interestingly, phytochemicals can easily interfere with the signaling pathway of NF-κB. This review represents the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of polyphenols as inhibitors of NF-κB to combat AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Hasana
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Han MH, Kwon MJ, Ko BS, Hyeon DY, Lee D, Kim HJ, Hwang D, Lee SB. NF-κB disinhibition contributes to dendrite defects in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:211484. [PMID: 33090185 PMCID: PMC7588142 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrite pathology is frequently observed in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Although previous studies identified several pathogenic mediators of dendrite defects that act through loss of function in NDs, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, our search for additional pathogenic contributors to dendrite defects in NDs identifies Relish/NF-κB as a novel gain-of-toxicity–based mediator of dendrite defects in animal models for polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In a Drosophila model for polyQ diseases, polyQ-induced dendrite defects require Dredd/Caspase-8–mediated endoproteolytic cleavage of Relish to generate the N-terminal fragment, Rel68, and subsequent Charon-mediated nuclear localization of Rel68. Rel68 alone induced neuronal toxicity causing dendrite and behavioral defects, and we identify two novel transcriptional targets, Tup and Pros, that mediate Rel68-induced neuronal toxicity. Finally, we show that Rel68-induced toxicity also contributes to dendrite and behavioral defects in a Drosophila model for ALS. Collectively, our data propose disinhibition of latent toxicity of Relish/NF-κB as a novel pathogenic mechanism underlying dendrite pathology in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Hoon Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Su Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Davin Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea.,Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
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13
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Lindsay A, Hickman D, Srinivasan M. A nuclear factor-kappa B inhibiting peptide suppresses innate immune receptors and gliosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111405. [PMID: 33756153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A disproportionate increase in activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has been shown to drive the Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, selective targeting of activated p65 represents an attractive therapeutic approach for AD. Glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a NF-κB interactant that binds and sequesters the activated p65 in the cytoplasm. The p65 binding domain of GILZ adopts a polyproline type II helical conformation, a motif that acts as an adaptable glove in the interface with the binding partner and constitutes an excellent template for drug design. Previously, peptide analogs of the p65 binding domain of GILZ, referred to as GA have been shown to suppress pathology in the lipopolysaccharide induced model of neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the CNS delivery of labeled GA administered intraperitoneally in adult mice for a period of upto 24 h. Further, we evaluated the suppressive potential of GA in 5xFAD mice, an aggressive model with five genetic mutations closely associated with human AD. Groups of 5xFAD mice administered GA or control peptide intraperitoneally on alternate days for six weeks were evaluated for Aβ deposition, microglia, inflammation and innate immune responses by immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase reaction. GA was observed in proximity with NeuN positive neurons suggesting that the compound crossed the blood brain barrier to reach the brain parenchyma. Further, GA treatment decreased Aβ load, reduced Iba1 + microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes, inhibited inflammatory cytokines and suppressed toll like receptor (TLR-2, TLR-4) expressions in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lindsay
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, United States
| | - Deborah Hickman
- Laboratory of Animal Care and Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, United States
| | - Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, United States; Provaidya LLC, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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14
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Krinock MJ, Singhal NS. Diabetes, stroke, and neuroresilience: looking beyond hyperglycemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1495:78-98. [PMID: 33638222 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among type 2 diabetic patients. Preclinical and translational studies have identified critical pathophysiological mediators of stroke risk, recurrence, and poor outcome in diabetic patients, including endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Most clinical trials of diabetes and stroke have focused on treating hyperglycemia alone. Pioglitazone has shown promise in secondary stroke prevention for insulin-resistant patients; however, its use is not yet widespread. Additional research into clinical therapies directed at diabetic pathophysiological processes to prevent stroke and improve outcome for diabetic stroke survivors is necessary. Resilience is the process of active adaptation to a stressor. In patients with diabetes, stroke recovery is impaired by insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which impair key neuroresilience pathways maintaining cerebrovascular integrity, resolving poststroke inflammation, stimulating neural plasticity, and preventing neurodegeneration. Our review summarizes the underpinnings of stroke risk in diabetes, the clinical consequences of stroke in diabetic patients, and proposes hypotheses and new avenues of research for therapeutics to stimulate neuroresilience pathways and improve stroke outcome in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Krinock
- Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Neel S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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15
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Crews FT, Fisher R, Deason C, Vetreno RP. Loss of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Following Adolescent Binge Ethanol Exposure: Recovery With the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Galantamine. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:652494. [PMID: 33716687 PMCID: PMC7953159 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.652494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking and alcohol abuse are common during adolescence and cause both cognitive deficits and lasting cholinergic pathology in the adult basal forebrain. Acetylcholine is anti-inflammatory and studies using the preclinical adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2 day on/2 day off from postnatal day [P]25 to P54) model of human adolescent binge drinking report decreased basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) and induction of proinflammatory genes that persist long into adulthood. Recent studies link AIE-induced neuroimmune activation to cholinergic pathology, but the underlying mechanisms contributing to the persistent loss of BFCNs are unknown. We report that treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine (4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) administered during AIE (i.e., P25-P54) or following the conclusion of AIE (i.e., P57-P72) recovered the persistent loss of cholinergic neuron phenotype markers (i.e., ChAT, TrkA, and p75NTR) and somal shrinkage of residual ChAT + neurons known to persist in AIE-exposed adults. Galantamine treatment also recovered the AIE-increased expression of the proinflammatory receptors TLR4 and RAGE, the endogenous TLR4/RAGE agonist HMGB1, and the transcription activation marker pNF-κB p65. Interestingly, we find BFCNs express TLR4 and RAGE, and that AIE treatment increased pNF-κB p65 expression in adult ChAT + IR neurons, consistent with intracellular HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE signaling within BFCNs. AIE increased epigenetic transcription silencing markers (i.e., H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) in the adult basal forebrain and H3K9me2 occupancy at cholinergic phenotype gene promoters (i.e., ChAT and TrkA). The finding of no AIE-induced changes in total basal forebrain NeuN + neurons with galantamine reversal of AIE-induced ChAT + neuron loss, TLR4/RAGE-pNF-κB p65 signals, and epigenetic transcription silencing markers suggests that AIE does not cause cell death, but rather the loss of the cholinergic phenotype. Together, these data suggest that AIE induces HMGB1-TLR4/RAGE-pNF-κB p65 signals, causing the loss of cholinergic phenotype (i.e., ChAT, TrkA, and p75NTR) through epigenetic histone transcription silencing that result in the loss of the BFCN phenotype that can be prevented and restored by galantamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rachael Fisher
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Chloe Deason
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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16
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Ku YH, Kang JH, Lee H. Effect of Bee Venom on an Experimental Cellular Model of Alzheimer's Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1803-1819. [PMID: 33300477 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the deposition of the [Formula: see text]-Amyloid peptide ([Formula: see text]A), which causes the inflammation of neurons. Bee venom (BV) elicits a strong anti-inflammatory response, and therefore we conducted an in vitro experiment to study the efficacy of BV in an AD cellular model. To mimic AD, the U87MG cell line was incubated for 168 hours with 2.5 [Formula: see text]M [Formula: see text]A. Changes were confirmed by microscopy, and peptides were measured under stain-free conditions using homo-tomography. Sulforhodamine B analysis was performed to analyze the cell viability. Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was conducted to analyze mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-[Formula: see text]B, COX-2, TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1), and Western blot was performed to measure the Caspase-3 protein levels. BV showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations below 10 [Formula: see text]g/mL. The NF-[Formula: see text]B mRNA levels were not significantly different between the BV group and the control group. The amount of [Formula: see text]A accumulation in the BV group decreased significantly. The mRNA expression levels of COX-2, TNF-[Formula: see text], and IL-1 were significantly reduced using 10 [Formula: see text]g/mL of BV compared to those in the control group. Additionally, Caspase-3 levels were also reduced compared to those of the control group when BV was used at a concentration of 10 [Formula: see text]g/mL. BV could inhibit apoptosis and inflammatory responses in an AD cellular model. In addition, it prevented cell accumulation of [Formula: see text]A, an important pathogenic mechanism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Ku
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 4, Notaesan-ro, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hui Kang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 4, Notaesan-ro, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 4, Notaesan-ro, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Liu Z, Bian M, Ma QQ, Zhang Z, Du HH, Wei CX. Design and Synthesis of New Benzo[d]oxazole-Based Derivatives and Their Neuroprotective Effects on β-Amyloid-Induced PC12 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5391. [PMID: 33218007 PMCID: PMC7698601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel synthetic substituted benzo[d]oxazole-based derivatives (5a-5v) exerted neuroprotective effects on β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced PC12 cells as a potential approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies show that most of the synthesized compounds were potent in reducing the neurotoxicity of Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells at 5 μg/mL. We found that compound 5c was non-neurotoxic at 30 μg/mL and significantly increased the viability of Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells at 1.25, 2.5 and 5 μg/mL. Western blot analysis showed that compound 5c promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) and decreased the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells. In addition, our findings demonstrated that compound 5c protected PC12 cells from Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis and reduced the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and decreased the expression of receptor for AGE (RAGE), β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) via Akt/GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway. In vivo studies suggest that compound 5c shows less toxicity than donepezil in the heart and nervous system of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China; (Z.L.); (M.B.); (Q.-Q.M.)
| | - Ming Bian
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China; (Z.L.); (M.B.); (Q.-Q.M.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ma
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China; (Z.L.); (M.B.); (Q.-Q.M.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji 133022, China;
| | - Huan-Huan Du
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China; (Z.L.); (M.B.); (Q.-Q.M.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Wei
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China; (Z.L.); (M.B.); (Q.-Q.M.)
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao 028000, China
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18
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Kushairi N, Tarmizi NAKA, Phan CW, Macreadie I, Sabaratnam V, Naidu M, David P. Modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways by medicinal mushrooms, with particular relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Olajide OA, Sarker SD. Alzheimer's disease: natural products as inhibitors of neuroinflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1439-1455. [PMID: 32930914 PMCID: PMC7572326 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects 44 million people worldwide. New emerging evidence from pre-clinical and clinical investigations shows that neuroinflammation is a major pathological component of AD suggesting that anti-inflammatory strategies are important in delaying the onset or slowing the progression of the disease. However, efforts to employ current anti-inflammatory agents in AD clinical trials have produced limited success. Consequently, there is a need to explore anti-inflammatory natural products, which target neuroinflammatory pathways relevant to AD pathogenesis. This review summarises important druggable molecular targets of neuroinflammation and presents classes of anti-neuroinflammatory natural products with potentials for preventing and reducing symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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20
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Attia H, Albuhayri S, Alaraidh S, Alotaibi A, Yacoub H, Mohamad R, Al-Amin M. Biotin, coenzyme Q10, and their combination ameliorate aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease via attenuating neuroinflammation and improving brain insulin signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22519. [PMID: 32383521 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is important for brain function and neuronal survival. Insulin signaling is initiated by the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at tyrosine (pTyr) residue. However, IRS-1 is inhibited by phosphorylation at serine (pSer). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidative stress and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) induce neuroinflammation, which augments pSer-IRS-1 and reduces pTyr-IRS-1 disturbing insulin signaling pathway. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and biotin possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and, in this study, their impact on insulin signaling is investigated in an aluminium chloride (AlCl3 ) model of AD. AD was induced by oral administration of AlCl3 (75 mg/kg) for 60 days. Biotin (2 mg/kg), CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), and their combination were supplemented concomitantly with AlCl3 for 60 days. Memory test and histological examination were performed. Brain levels of lipid peroxides, antioxidants (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase), inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1, and nuclear factor κB), and phosphorylated Akt (survival kinase) as well as protein levels of Aβ, IRS-1 (pTyr and pSer), and caspase-3 (apoptotic marker) were determined. AlCl3 resulted in impaired memory, significant increase in Aβ, lipid peroxides, inflammatory markers, caspase-3, and pSer-IRS-1, with significant reduction of the antioxidants, pTyr-IRS-1, and p-Akt reflecting Aβ-induced inflammation and defective insulin signaling. Histological examination revealed focal aggregations of inflammatory cells and neuronal degeneration. The biochemical deviations and histological changes were attenuated by the concomitant treatment with biotin and, to greater extent, with CoQ10 and the combination. In conclusion, biotin and CoQ10 could protect against AD via attenuating inflammatory response and enhancing insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Sadeem Alaraidh
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirah Alotaibi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazar Yacoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa Mohamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Pratap AA, Holsinger RMD. Altered Brain Adiponectin Receptor Expression in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E150. [PMID: 32664663 PMCID: PMC7407895 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes share common pathologies with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, regulates energy metabolism via its receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To investigate the distribution of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) in Alzheimer's, we examined their expression in the aged 5XFAD mouse model of AD. In age-matched wild-type mice, we observed neuronal expression of both ARs throughout the brain as well as endothelial expression of AdipoR1. The pattern of receptor expression in the aged 5XFAD brain was significantly perturbed. Here, we observed decreased neuronal expression of both ARs and decreased endothelial expression of AdipoR1, but robust expression of AdipoR2 in activated astrocytes. We also observed AdipoR2-expressing astrocytes in the dorsomedial hypothalamic and thalamic mediodorsal nuclei, suggesting the possibility that astrocytes utilise AdipoR2 signalling to fuel their activated state in the AD brain. These findings provide further evidence of a metabolic disturbance and demonstrate a potential shift in energy utilisation in the AD brain, supporting imaging studies performed in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anishchal A. Pratap
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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22
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Ju Hwang C, Choi DY, Park MH, Hong JT. NF-κB as a Key Mediator of Brain Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:3-10. [PMID: 28782486 DOI: 10.2174/1871527316666170807130011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by betaamyloid peptide fibrils which are extracellular deposition of a specific protein, accompanied by extensive neuroinflammation. Various studies show the presence of a number of inflammation markers in the AD brain: elevated inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and an accumulation of activated microglia in the damaged regions. NF-κB is a family of redox sensitive transcriptional factors, and it is known that NF-κB has binding sites in the promoter region of the genes involved in amyloidogenesis and inflammation. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prevents progression of AD and delays its onset, suggesting that there is a close correlation between NF-κB and AD pathogenesis. This study aims to (1) assess the association between NF-κB activity and AD through discussion of a variety of experimental and clinical studies on AD and (2) review treatment strategies designed to treat or prevent AD with NF-κB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-951, Korea
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23
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Atluri VSR, Tiwari S, Rodriguez M, Kaushik A, Yndart A, Kolishetti N, Yatham M, Nair M. Inhibition of Amyloid-Beta Production, Associated Neuroinflammation, and Histone Deacetylase 2-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications Prevent Neuropathology in Alzheimer's Disease in vitro Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:342. [PMID: 32009938 PMCID: PMC6974446 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing global threat to healthcare in the aging population. In the USA alone, it is estimated that one in nine persons over the age of 65 years is living with AD. The pathology is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in the brain, which is further enhanced by the neuroinflammatory process. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) are the major neuroinflammatory pathways that intensify AD pathogenesis. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)-mediated epigenetic mechanisms play a major role in the genesis and neuropathology of AD. Therefore, therapeutic drugs, which can target Aβ production, NLRP3 activation, and HDAC2 levels, may play a major role in reducing Aβ levels and the prevention of associated neuropathology of AD. In this study, we demonstrate that withaferin A (WA), an extract from Withania somnifera plant, significantly inhibits the Aβ production and NF-κB associated neuroinflammatory molecules’ gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cytokine release inhibitory drug 3 (CRID3), an inhibitor of NLRP3, significantly prevents inflammasome-mediated gene expression in our in vitro AD model system. We have also observed that mithramycin A (MTM), an HDAC2 inhibitor, significantly upregulated the synaptic plasticity gene expression and downregulated HDAC2 in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (SH-APP cells). Therefore, the introduction of these agents targeting Aβ production, NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation, and HDAC2 levels will have a translational significance in the prevention of neuroinflammation and associated neurodegeneration in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Subba Rao Atluri
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sneham Tiwari
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Melisa Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States
| | - Adriana Yndart
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mohan Yatham
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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24
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Ham HJ, Han JH, Lee YS, Kim KC, Yun J, Kang SK, Park Y, Kim SH, Hong JT. Bee Venom Soluble Phospholipase A2 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease via Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:287. [PMID: 31736738 PMCID: PMC6839038 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is important in the pathogenesis and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the AD brain, microglial activation and upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators both induce amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling have been implicated in AD development through their effects on neuroinflammation and microglial activation. The bee venom soluble phospholipase A2 (bv-sPLA2) enzyme is known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-immune effects. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of bv-sPLA2 on memory deficiency in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of AD. We examined whether bv-sPLA2 (0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg/kg by i.p. injection three times for 1 week) could inhibit neuroinflammation and memory impairment in LPS-treated mice (250 μg/kg by i.p. injection daily for 1 week). We also assessed the effects of bv-sPLA2 administration (0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/ml) on LPS (1 μg/ml)-treated microglial BV-2 cells. In the LPS-injected mouse brain, sPLA2 treatment rescued memory dysfunction and decreased Aβ levels, through the downregulation of amyloidogenic proteins, and decreased the expression of inflammatory proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the LPS-mediated increase in inflammatory protein expression was attenuated bv-sPLA2 treatment in BV-2 cells. Treatment with bv-sPLA2 also downregulated signaling by NF-κB, which is considered to be an important factor in the regulation of neuroinflammatory and amyloidogenic responses, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, co-treatment with NF-κB (5 μM) and bv-sPLA2 (0.1 μg/ml) exerted more marked anti-inflammatory effects, compared to bv-sPLA2 treatment alone. These results indicate that bv-sPLA2 inhibits LPS-induced neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis via inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Joo Ham
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Shin Kook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - YangSu Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- INISTst Company Limited, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
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25
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Waugh DT. Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium-and Potassium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase (Na +, K +-ATPase) Enzyme Activity: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1427. [PMID: 31010095 PMCID: PMC6518254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several lines of evidence are provided to show that Na + , K + -ATPase activity exerts vital roles in normal brain development and function and that loss of enzyme activity is implicated in neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as increased risk of cancer, metabolic, pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is presented to show that fluoride (F) inhibits Na + , K + -ATPase activity by altering biological pathways through modifying the expression of genes and the activity of glycolytic enzymes, metalloenzymes, hormones, proteins, neuropeptides and cytokines, as well as biological interface interactions that rely on the bioavailability of chemical elements magnesium and manganese to modulate ATP and Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme activity. Taken together, the findings of this study provide unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanisms and biological pathways by which F inhibits Na + , K + -ATPase activity and contributes to the etiology and pathophysiology of diseases associated with impairment of this essential enzyme. Moreover, the findings of this study further suggest that there are windows of susceptibility over the life course where chronic F exposure in pregnancy and early infancy may impair Na + , K + -ATPase activity with both short- and long-term implications for disease and inequalities in health. These findings would warrant considerable attention and potential intervention, not to mention additional research on the potential effects of F intake in contributing to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Timothy Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, P72 YF10 Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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26
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Waugh DT. The Contribution of Fluoride to the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E856. [PMID: 30857240 PMCID: PMC6427526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study provides diverse lines of evidence demonstrating that fluoride (F) exposure contributes to degenerative eye diseases by stimulating or inhibiting biological pathways associated with the pathogenesis of cataract, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. As elucidated in this study, F exerts this effect by inhibiting enolase, τ-crystallin, Hsp40, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, Nrf2, γ -GCS, HO-1 Bcl-2, FoxO1, SOD, PON-1 and glutathione activity, and upregulating NF-κB, IL-6, AGEs, HsP27 and Hsp70 expression. Moreover, F exposure leads to enhanced oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant activity. Based on the evidence presented in this study, it can be concluded that F exposure may be added to the list of identifiable risk factors associated with pathogenesis of degenerative eye diseases. The broader impact of these findings suggests that reducing F intake may lead to an overall reduction in the modifiable risk factors associated with degenerative eye diseases. Further studies are required to examine this association and determine differences in prevalence rates amongst fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities, taking into consideration other dietary sources of F such as tea. Finally, the findings of this study elucidate molecular pathways associated with F exposure that may suggest a possible association between F exposure and other inflammatory diseases. Further studies are also warranted to examine these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Timothy Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, 11 Riverview, Doherty's Rd, Bandon, P72 YF10 Co. Cork, Ireland.
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27
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Razgonova MP, Veselov VV, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS, Nosyrev AE, Cravotto G, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA. Panax ginseng components and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2975-2998. [PMID: 30816465 PMCID: PMC6423617 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the main representatives of traditional Chinese medicine and presents a wide range of pharmacological actions. Ginsenosides are the main class of active compounds found in ginseng. They demonstrate unique biological activity and medicinal value, namely anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as anti-apoptotic properties. Increasing levels of stress in life are responsible for the increased incidence of nervous system diseases. Neurological diseases create a huge burden on the lives and health of individuals. In recent years, studies have indicated that ginsenosides play a pronounced positive role in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Nevertheless, research is still at an early stage of development, and the complex mechanisms of action involved remain largely unknown. This review aimed to shed light into what is currently known about the mechanisms of action of ginsenosides in relation to Alzheimer's disease. Scientific material and theoretical bases for the treatment of nervous system diseases with purified Panax ginseng extracts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valery Vyacheslavovich Veselov
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander Evgenyevich Nosyrev
- Center of Bioanalytical Investigation and Molecular Design, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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28
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Vetreno RP, Crews FT. Adolescent binge ethanol-induced loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and neuroimmune activation are prevented by exercise and indomethacin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204500. [PMID: 30296276 PMCID: PMC6175501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons mature in adolescence coinciding with development of adult cognitive function. Preclinical studies using the rodent model of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg, i.g., 2-days on/2-days off from postnatal day [P]25 to P55) reveal persistent increases of brain neuroimmune genes that are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure also reduces basal forebrain expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an enzyme critical for acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons similar to findings in the post-mortem human alcoholic basal forebrain. We report here that AIE decreases basal forebrain ChAT+IR neurons in both adult female and male Wistar rats following early or late adolescent ethanol exposure. In addition, we find reductions in ChAT+IR somal size as well as the expression of the high-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and the low-affinity NGF receptor p75NTR, both of which are expressed on cholinergic neurons. The decrease in cholinergic neuron marker expression was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (pNF-κB p65) consistent with increased neuroimmune signaling. Voluntary wheel running from P24 to P80 prevented AIE-induced cholinergic neuron shrinkage and loss of cholinergic neuron markers (i.e., ChAT, TrkA, and p75NTR) as well as the increase of pNF-κB p65 in the adult basal forebrain. Administration of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (4.0 mg/kg, i.p prior to each ethanol exposure) during AIE also prevented the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic markers and the concomitant increase of pNF-κB p65. In contrast, treatment with the proinflammatory immune activator lipopolysaccharide (1.0 mg/kg, i.p. on P70) caused a loss of cholinergic neuron markers that was paralleled by increased pNF-κB p65 in the basal forebrain. These novel findings are consistent with AIE causing lasting activation of the neuroimmune system that contributes to the persistent loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Vetreno
- The Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- The Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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29
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Yun J, Yeo IJ, Hwang CJ, Choi DY, Im HS, Kim JY, Choi WR, Jung MH, Han SB, Hong JT. Estrogen deficiency exacerbates Aβ-induced memory impairment through enhancement of neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis and NF-ĸB activation in ovariectomized mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:282-293. [PMID: 29782911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is well known to have a preventative effect in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Several studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) can contribute to the effects of estrogen on the development of AD. We investigated whether NF-ĸB affects amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced memory impairment in an estrogen-lacking condition. In the present study, nine-week-old Institute cancer research (ICR) mice were ovariectomized to block estrogen stimulation. Ten weeks after the ovariectomization, mice were administered with Aβ (300 pmol) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion for 2 weeks. Memory impairment, neuroinflammatory protein expression, and amyloidogenic pathways were then measured. Ovariectomized mice demonstrated severe memory impairment, Aβ accumulation, neprilysin downregulation, and activation of NF-ĸB signaling compared to sham-control mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that β-estradiol (10 μM) inhibited Aβ (1 μM)-induced neuroinflammation in microglial BV-2 cells and prevented Aβ-induced cell death in primary cultured neuronal cells. As in in vivo experiments, NF-ĸB activation was significantly upregulated in in vitro experiments. Furthermore β-estradiol treatment inhibited NF-ĸB activation in both of microglial BV-2 cells and cultured neuronal cells. These findings suggest that estrogen may protect against memory impairment through the regulation of Aβ accumulation and neurogenic inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksandaero 460, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Im
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youg Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Rak Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-31, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Gu SM, Lee HP, Ham YW, Son DJ, Kim HY, Oh KW, Han SB, Yun J, Hong JT. Piperlongumine Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Amyloidogenesis by Suppressing NF-KappaB Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:312-327. [PMID: 29802525 PMCID: PMC6097046 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidogenesis is known to cause Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies have found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis through activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). Piperlongumine (PL) is an alkaloid amide found naturally in long pepper (Piper longum) isolates; it was reported to have inhibitory effects on NF-κB activity. We therefore investigated whether PL exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic effects by inhibiting NF-κB. A murine model of LPS-induced memory impairment was made via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS (0.25 mg/kg/day, i.p.). We then injected PL (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 7 days in three groups of mice to observe effects on memory. We also conducted an in vitro study with astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells, which were treated with LPS (1 µg/mL) or PL (0.5 or 1.0 or 2.5 µM). Results from our behavioral tests showed that PL inhibited LPS-induced memory. PL also prevented LPS-induced beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and inhibited the activities of β- and γ-secretases. The expression of inflammatory proteins also was decreased in PL-treated mice, cultured BV-2, and primary astrocyte cells. These effects were associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activity. A docking model analysis and pull-down assay showed that PL binds to p50. Taken together, our findings suggest that PL diminishes LPS-induced amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling; PL therefore demonstrates potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, 800W University Pkwy, Orem, UT, 84058, USA
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Yeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong-eup, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- Department of Neuroimmunology, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaemgmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Priyanka SH, Syam Das S, Thushara AJ, Rauf AA, Indira M. All Trans Retinoic Acid Attenuates Markers of Neuroinflammation in Rat Brain by Modulation of SIRT1 and NFκB. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1791-1801. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Shal B, Ding W, Ali H, Kim YS, Khan S. Anti-neuroinflammatory Potential of Natural Products in Attenuation of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:548. [PMID: 29896105 PMCID: PMC5986949 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia and cognitive impairment most common in elderly population. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed by numerous researcher, although, exact mechanism is not yet elucidated. Several studies have been indicated that neuroinflammation associated with deposition of amyloid- beta (Aβ) in brain is a major hallmark toward the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. So, there is a need to unravel the link of inflammatory process in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, expression of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) participate in inflammatory process of AD. This review mainly concentrates on involvement of neuroinflammation and the molecular mechanisms adapted by various natural compounds, phytochemicals and herbal formulations in various signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection. Currently, pharmacologically active natural products, having anti-neuroinflammatory potential are being focused which makes them potential candidate to cure AD. A number of preclinical and clinical trials have been done on nutritional and botanical agents. Analysis of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective phytochemicals such as terpenoids, phenolic derivatives, alkaloids, glycosides, and steroidal saponins displays therapeutic potential toward amelioration and prevention of devastating neurodegeneration observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yeong S Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Srinivasan M, Lahiri N, Thyagarajan A, Witek E, Hickman D, Lahiri DK. Nuclear factor-kappa B: Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper interface analogs suppress pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2018; 4:488-498. [PMID: 30338290 PMCID: PMC6186959 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper is a regulatory protein that sequesters activated nuclear factor-kappa B p65. Previously, we showed that rationally designed analogs of the p65-binding domain of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper, referred to as glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper analogs (GAs), inhibited amyloid β-induced metabolic activity and inflammatory cytokines in mixed brain cell cultures. Here, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of GA in an Alzheimer's disease model. METHODS GA and control peptides were synthesized covalently as peptide amides with the cell-penetrating agent. C57Bl/6J mice induced with lipopolysaccharide-mediated neuroinflammation (250 mg/kg i.p/day for six days) were treated on alternate days with GA-1, GA-2, or control peptides (25 mg/kg i.v). Brain tissues were assessed for gliosis, cytokines, and antiapoptotic factors. RESULTS The brain tissues of GA-1- and GA-2-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced gliosis, suppressed inflammatory cytokines, and elevated antiapoptotic factors. DISCUSSION The antineuroinflammatory effects of GA suggest potential therapeutic application for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Niloy Lahiri
- Provaidya LLC, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anish Thyagarajan
- Provaidya LLC, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily Witek
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debra Hickman
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Seo EJ, Fischer N, Efferth T. Phytochemicals as inhibitors of NF-κB for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:262-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Marwarha G, Schommer J, Lund J, Schommer T, Ghribi O. Palmitate-induced C/EBP homologous protein activation leads to NF-κB-mediated increase in BACE1 activity and amyloid beta genesis. J Neurochem 2018; 144:761-779. [PMID: 29315574 PMCID: PMC6371812 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is egregiously comprehended, but epidemiological studies have posited that diets rich in the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (palmitate) are a significant risk factor. The production and accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is considered the core pathological molecular event in the pathogenesis of AD. The rate-limiting step in Aβ genesis from amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) is catalyzed by the enzyme β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), the expression and enzymatic activity of which is significantly up-regulated in the AD brain. In this study, we determined the molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie the palmitate-induced up-regulation in BACE1 expression and augmented Aβ production. We demonstrate that a palmitate-enriched diet and exogenous palmitate treatment evoke an increase in BACE1 expression and activity leading to enhanced Aβ genesis in the mouse brain and SH-SY5Y-APPSwe cells, respectively, through the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and luciferase reporter assays revealed that palmitate enhances BACE1 expression by increasing the binding of NF-κB in the BACE1 promoter followed by an enhancement in the transactivation of the BACE1 promoter. Elucidation and delineation of upstream molecular events unveiled a critical role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated transcription factor, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in the palmitate-induced NF-κB activation, as CHOP knock-down cells and Chop-/- mice do not exhibit the same degree of NF-κB activation in response to the palmitate challenge. Our study delineates a novel CHOP-NF-κB signaling pathway that mediates palmitate-induced up-regulation of BACE1 expression and Aβ genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Jared Schommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Jonah Lund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Trevor Schommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
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Abstract
Objective The suppressive action of the acute application of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) has been reported widely. Many mechanisms have been proposed for Aβ inhibited LTP induction. The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has also been reported to play a key role in this LTP inhibition through Aβ. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the link between Aβ- and TNF-α-mediated hippocampal LTP inhibition. Methods Acute hippocampal slices of male wildtype or Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mouse models were treated with the inhibitors of either TNF-α, IκB Kinase (IKK) or Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) in the presence or absence of oligomeric Aβ42 (500 nM/2 h). The LTP was assessed using field excitatory post synaptic potential recordings (fEPSP), and immunoblotting was used to evaluate the expression of IKK and NF-κB. Results Acute treatment with Aβ or TNF-α alone inhibited LTP and increased the phosphorylation of IKK and NF-κB in wild type mouse hippocampal slices. Pretreatment with TNF-α antagonist infliximab rescued the LTP impairment by Aβ and also restored the levels of IKK and NF-κB to the control levels. In addition, pretreatment with IKK2 IV or JSH23 also restored the Aβ-mediated LTP impairment. Furthermore, AD transgenic mouse hippocampal slices treated with infliximab or inhibitors of IKK or NF-κB showed improved LTP and reversed the activation of IKK and NF-κB. Conclusion In conclusion, our observations suggest that the IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway play an important role in Aβ-mediated hippocampal LTP impairment. Aβ might modulate IKK/NF-κB activity by binding or activating tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Samidurai
- a NeuroMedical Convergence Lab, Biomedical Research Institute , Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Vijay S Ramasamy
- a NeuroMedical Convergence Lab, Biomedical Research Institute , Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Jihoon Jo
- a NeuroMedical Convergence Lab, Biomedical Research Institute , Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , South Korea
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Campolo M, Casili G, Lanza M, Filippone A, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Multiple mechanisms of dimethyl fumarate in amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity in human neuronal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1081-1094. [PMID: 28990726 PMCID: PMC5783882 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by a complex heterogeneity of pathological changes, and any therapeutic approach categorically requires a multi-targeted way. It has been demonstrated that together with the hallmarks of the disease such as neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, oxidative and inflammatory stress covered an important role. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally bioavailable methyl ester of fumaric acid and activator of Nrf2 with potential neuroprotective and immunomodulating activities. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of DMF, compared with its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) (both at 30 μM) in an in vitro Alzheimer's model using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines stimulated with amyloid-beta (Aβ). Moreover, the effect of DMF, compared with MMF, was evaluate by an ex vivo model using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures stimulated with Aβ1-42 (1 μg/ml), to better understand its action in a pathological setting. In both models, DMF pre-treatment (30 μM) preserved cellular viability from Aβ stimulation, reducing tau hyper-phosphorylation, much more efficiently then MMF (30 μM). Moreover, DMF was able to induce an activation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), decreasing the severity of oxidative stress. Our results showed important multi-protective effects of DMF pre-treatment from Aβ stimulation both in in vitro and ex vivo models, highlighting an Nrf2/NF-κB-dependent mechanism, which could provide a valuable support to the therapies for neurodegenerative diseases today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological ScienceSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
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Chen PL, Wang WJ, Rao YQ, Li J, Cheng MJ. Serum containing Gengnianchun formula suppresses amyloid β‑induced inflammatory cytokines in BV‑2 microglial cells by inhibiting the NF‑κB and JNK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5043-5048. [PMID: 29393440 PMCID: PMC5865966 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the resident macrophages of the brain's innate immune system, microglial cells are key modulators in the neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, the activation and accumulation of microglial cells around amyloid plaques is considered to result in chronic neuroinflammation. Although the pathologic mechanism remains to be fully elucidated, inflammation has been shown to be critical in the pathogenesis of AD. The Gengnianchun (GNC) formula has long been used to treat perimenopausal syndrome clinically, and is particularly effective in improving learning ability and memory. Our previous study demonstrated that GNC formula had an anti-inflammatory effect and offered neuroprotection in animal experiments. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory properties of GNC and its underlying mechanism of action were examined in BV-2 microglial cells. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-stimulated microglial cells were examined for the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the underlying signaling pathways. Compared with the normal control group, the protein expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly increased following treatment with Aβ (P<0.01), but medicated rat serum containing GNC formula (MRS) could significantly attenuated the Aβ-induced secretion of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. It was identified by CCK-8 assay that the viability of the BV-2 cells was not reduced following treatment with various concentrations of MRS. The phosphorylation of factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was markedly increased following treatment with Aβ, compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). However, treatment with MRS resulted in a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of NF-κB (P<0.05). These results suggested that MRS suppressed the Aβ-induced inflammatory response of microglial cells by inhibiting the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. These novel findings provide insights into the development of GNC formula as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Li Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Rao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jun Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Theus MH, Brickler T, Meza AL, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Hazy A, Gris D, Allen IC. Loss of NLRX1 Exacerbates Neural Tissue Damage and NF-κB Signaling following Brain Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3547-3558. [PMID: 28993512 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury results from severe disruptions in the cellular microenvironment leading to massive loss of neuronal populations and increased neuroinflammation. The progressive cascade of secondary events, including ischemia, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and free-radical release, contribute to neural tissue damage. NLRX1 is a member of the NLR family of pattern recognition receptors and is a potent negative regulator of several pathways that significantly modulate many of these events. Thus, we hypothesized that NLRX1 limits immune system signaling in the brain following trauma. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used Nlrx1-/- mice in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury murine model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this article, we show that Nlrx1-/- mice exhibited significantly larger brain lesions and increased motor deficits following CCI injury. Mechanistically, our data indicate that the NF-κB signaling cascade is significantly upregulated in Nlrx1-/- animals. This upregulation is associated with increased microglia and macrophage populations in the cortical lesion. Using a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2A), we also found that NLRX1 significantly reduced apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. In human patients, we identify 15 NLRs that are significantly dysregulated, including significant downregulation of NLRX1 in brain injury following aneurysm. We further demonstrate a concurrent increase in NF-κB signaling that is correlated with aneurysm severity in these human subjects. Together, our data extend the function of NLRX1 beyond its currently characterized role in host-pathogen defense and identify this highly novel NLR as a significant modulator of brain injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
| | - Thomas Brickler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Armand L Meza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.,Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Amanda Hazy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Denis Gris
- Programme d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
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Djordjevic J, Thomson E, Chowdhury SR, Snow WM, Perez C, Wong TP, Fernyhough P, Albensi BC. Brain region- and sex-specific alterations in mitochondrial function and NF-κB signaling in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 361:81-92. [PMID: 28802916 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common late onset neurodegenerative disorder with indications that women are disproportionately affected. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been one of the most discussed hypotheses associated with the early onset and progression of AD, and it has been attributed to intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ). It was suggested that one of the possible mediators for Aβ-impaired mitochondrial function is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. NF-κB plays important roles in brain inflammation and antioxidant defense, as well as in the regulation of mitochondrial function, and studies have confirmed altered NF-κB signaling in AD brain. In this study, we looked for sex-based differences in impaired bioenergetic processes and NF-κB signaling in the AD-like brain using transgenic (Tg) CRND8 mice that express excessive brain Aβ, but without tau pathology. Our results show that mitochondrial dysfunction is not uniform in affected brain regions. We observed increased basal and coupled respiration in the hippocampus of TgCRND8 females only, along with a decreased Complex II-dependent respiratory activity. Cortical mitochondria from TgCRND8 mice have reduced uncoupled respiration capacity, regardless of sex. The pattern of changes in NF-κB signaling was the same in both brain structures, but was sex specific. Whereas in females there was an increase in all three subunits of NF-κB, in males we observed increase in p65 and p105, but no changes in p50 levels. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial function and inflammatory signaling in the AD-like brain is region- and sex-specific, which is an important consideration for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Ella Thomson
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Subir Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Claudia Perez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Coenzyme Q10 attenuated β-amyloid 25–35 –induced inflammatory responses in PC12 cells through regulation of the NF–κB signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2017; 131:192-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chung MM, Nicol CJ, Cheng YC, Lin KH, Chen YL, Pei D, Lin CH, Shih YN, Yen CH, Chen SJ, Huang RN, Chiang MC. Metformin activation of AMPK suppresses AGE-induced inflammatory response in hNSCs. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:75-83. [PMID: 28159472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the precise mechanisms remain unclear, T2DM may exacerbate neurodegenerative processes. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling is an evolutionary preserved pathway that is important during homeostatic energy biogenesis responses at both the cellular and whole-body levels. Metformin, a ubiquitously prescribed anti-diabetic drug, exerts its effects by AMPK activation. However, while the roles of AMPK as a metabolic mediator are generally well understood, its performance in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration are not yet well defined. Given hyperglycemia is accompanied by an accelerated rate of advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) formation, which is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic neuronal impairment and, inflammatory response, clarification of the role of AMPK signaling in these processes is needed. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that metformin, an AMPK activator, protects against diabetic AGE induced neuronal impairment in human neural stem cells (hNSCs). In the present study, hNSCs exposed to AGE had significantly reduced cell viability, which correlated with elevated inflammatory cytokine expression, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α. Co-treatment with metformin significantly abrogated the AGE-mediated effects in hNSCs. In addition, metformin rescued the transcript and protein expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK) in AGE-treated hNSCs. NF-κB is a transcription factor with a key role in the expression of a variety of genes involved in inflammatory responses, and metformin did prevent the AGE-mediated increase in NF-κB mRNA and protein levels in the hNSCs exposed to AGE. Indeed, co-treatment with metformin significantly restored inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in AGE-treated hNSCs. These findings extend our understanding of the central role of AMPK in AGE induced inflammatory responses, which increase the risk of neurodegeneration in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Christopher J Nicol
- Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dee Pei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 103, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Nuo Shih
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Yen
- Department of International Business, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant-Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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Yang L, Liu CC, Zheng H, Kanekiyo T, Atagi Y, Jia L, Wang D, N'songo A, Can D, Xu H, Chen XF, Bu G. LRP1 modulates the microglial immune response via regulation of JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:304. [PMID: 27931217 PMCID: PMC5146875 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is characterized by microglial activation and the increased levels of cytokines and chemokines in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence has implicated both beneficial and toxic roles of microglia when over-activated upon nerve injury or in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a major receptor for apolipoprotein E (apoE) and amyloid-β (Aβ), which play critical roles in AD pathogenesis. LRP1 regulates inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues by modulating the release of inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis. However, the roles of LRP1 in brain innate immunity and neuroinflammation remain unclear. Methods In this study, we determined whether LRP1 modulates microglial activation by knocking down Lrp1 in mouse primary microglia. LRP1-related functions in microglia were also assessed in the presence of LRP1 antagonist, the receptor-associated protein (RAP). The effects on the production of inflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Potential involvement of specific signaling pathways in LRP1-regulated functions including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were assessed using specific inhibitors. Results We found that knocking down of Lrp1 in mouse primary microglia led to the activation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB pathways with corresponding enhanced sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Similar effects were observed when microglia were treated with LRP1 antagonist RAP. In addition, treatment with pro-inflammatory stimuli suppressed Lrp1 expression in microglia. Interestingly, NF-κB inhibitor not only suppressed the production of cytokines induced by the knockdown of Lrp1 but also restored the down-regulated expression of Lrp1 by LPS. Conclusions Our study uncovers that LRP1 suppresses microglial activation by modulating JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Given that dysregulation of LRP1 has been associated with AD pathogenesis, our work reveals a critical regulatory mechanism of microglial activation by LRP1 that could be associated with other AD-related pathways thus further nominating LRP1 as a potential disease-modifying target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - Yuka Atagi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Daxin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Aurelie N'songo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - Dan Can
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518063, China.
| | - Guojun Bu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. .,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA.
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Akyol S, Ugurcu V, Cakmak O, Altuntas A, Yukselten Y, Akyol O, Sunguroglu A, Demircan K. Evidence for the Control of Aggrecanases by Insulin and Glucose in Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20140905124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Veli Ugurcu
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kütahya - Turkey
| | - Ozlem Cakmak
- Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology Education, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Aynur Altuntas
- Ankara Regional Office of Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Yunus Yukselten
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Omer Akyol
- Hacettepe University, Medical School, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Asuman Sunguroglu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Kadir Demircan
- Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara - Turkey
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45
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Novel Nuclear Factor-KappaB Targeting Peptide Suppresses β-Amyloid Induced Inflammatory and Apoptotic Responses in Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160314. [PMID: 27764084 PMCID: PMC5072831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κβ) is associated with both neuronal survival and increased vulnerability to apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying these dichotomous effects are attributed to the composition of NF-κΒ dimers. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), β-amyloid (Aβ) and other aggregates upregulate activation of p65:p50 dimers in CNS cells and enhance transactivation of pathological mediators that cause neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Hence selective targeting of activated p65 is an attractive therapeutic strategy for AD. Here we report the design, structural and functional characterization of peptide analogs of a p65 interacting protein, the glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ). By virtue of binding the transactivation domain of p65 exposed after release from the inhibitory IκΒ proteins in activated cells, the GILZ analogs can act as highly selective inhibitors of activated p65 with minimal potential for off-target effects.
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46
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Lu Y, Wang R, Dong Y, Tucker D, Zhao N, Ahmed ME, Zhu L, Liu TCY, Cohen RM, Zhang Q. Low-level laser therapy for beta amyloid toxicity in rat hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:165-182. [PMID: 27815990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beta amyloid (Aβ) is well accepted to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present work evaluated the therapeutic effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLI) on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus. Aβ 1-42 was injected bilaterally to the hippocampus CA1 region of adult male rats, and 2-minute daily LLI treatment was applied transcranially after Aβ injection for 5 consecutive days. LLI treatment suppressed Aβ-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and long-term spatial and recognition memory impairments. Molecular studies revealed that LLI treatment: (1) restored mitochondrial dynamics, by altering fission and fusion protein levels thereby suppressing Aβ-induced extensive fragmentation; (2) suppressed Aβ-induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential; (3) reduced oxidized mitochondrial DNA and excessive mitophagy; (4) facilitated mitochondrial homeostasis via modulation of the Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio and of mitochondrial antioxidant expression; (5) promoted cytochrome c oxidase activity and adenosine triphosphate synthesis; (6) suppressed Aβ-induced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity; (7) enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of hippocampal CA1 neurons, whereas reduced the oxidative damage; and (8) suppressed Aβ-induced reactive gliosis, inflammation, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although development of AD treatments has focused on reducing cerebral Aβ levels, by the time the clinical diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive impairment is made, the brain is likely to have already been exposed to years of elevated Aβ levels with dire consequences for multiple cellular pathways. By alleviating a broad spectrum of Aβ-induced pathology that includes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and tau pathology, LLI could represent a new promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Donovan Tucker
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ningjun Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Md Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert M Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Neuroscience Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Zong N, Li F, Deng Y, Shi J, Jin F, Gong Q. Icariin, a major constituent from Epimedium brevicornum, attenuates ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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An YQ, Zhang CT, Du Y, Zhang M, Tang SS, Hu M, Long Y, Sun HB, Hong H. PPARδ agonist GW0742 ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:663-71. [PMID: 26864581 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β deposition is thought to be associated with memory deficits, neuroinflammation, apoptotic responses, and progressive neuronal death manifested in Alzheimer's disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) is a transcription factor with potent anti-inflammatory effect. In the current study, the effect of GW0742, a selective PPARδ agonist, on Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in the hippocampus of mice. Intra-hippocampal infusion of aggregated Aβ1-42 oligomer (410pmol/mouse) remarkably damaged learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, accompanied by decreased expression of PPARδ in the hippocampus as confirmed by Western blot. Intra-hippocampal infusion of GW0742 (1.06 mM/mouse) significantly improved Aβ1-42-induced memory deficits in mice, reversed Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal PPARδ down-regulation and repressed Aβ1-42-triggered neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses, indicated by decreased nuclear NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β as well as a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus. These results suggest that PPARδ activation ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity, and it might play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qi An
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chun Teng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Su Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Bing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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49
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Wu J, Yang H, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Lou Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts a protective effect against Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical neurons through the NF-κB/NO pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:781-8. [PMID: 26865401 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is a multipotent triterpene saponin extracted from ginseng, and has been proven to act as a nootropic agent against various types of neurological damage. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanisms of Rg1 on apoptosis induced by β-amyloid peptide 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in primary cultured cortical neurons. The primary neurons were preincubated with 20 µM Rg1 for 24 h and exposed to 10 µM Aβ25-35 for 72 h. In the present study, we found that Rg1 prevented nuclear factor κ-light-chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and IκB-α phosphorylation in primary cultured cortical neurons after Aβ25-35 exposure by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS); ROS was measured using DCFDA and examined using a fluorescence microscope. In addition, Rg1 successfully suppressed Aβ25‑35-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in a NF-κB-dependent manner; the suppression of NO was clearly illustrated by the NO production assay. Pretreatment of the cells with Rg1 elevated the proportion of Bcl-2/Bax, lessened the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytoplasm and then blocked mitochondrial apoptotic cascades after Aβ25-35 insult by lowering NO generation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Rg1 rescues primary cultured cortical neurons from Aβ25-35-induced cell apoptosis through the downregulation of the NF-κB/NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Lou
- Division of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular and Hepatic Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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50
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Shih RH, Wang CY, Yang CM. NF-kappaB Signaling Pathways in Neurological Inflammation: A Mini Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:77. [PMID: 26733801 PMCID: PMC4683208 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular signaling pathways, providing a mechanism for the cells in response to a wide variety of stimuli linking to inflammation. The stimulated cells will be regulated by not only the canonical but also non-canonical NF-κB pathways. To initiate both of these pathways, IκB-degradation triggers NF-κB release and the nuclear translocated-heterodimer (or homodimer) can associate with the κB sites of promoter to regulate the gene transcriptions. NF-κB ubiquitously expresses in neurons and the constitutive NF-κB activation is associated with processing of neuronal information. NF-κB can regulate the transcription of genes such as chemokines, cytokines, proinflammatory enzymes, adhesion molecules, proinflammatory transcription factors, and other factors to modulate the neuronal survival. In neuronal insult, NF-κB constitutively active in neuron cell bodies can protect neurons against different injuries and regulate the neuronal inflammatory reactions. Besides neurons, NF-κB transcription factors are abundant in glial cells and cerebral blood vessels and the diverse functions of NF-κB also regulate the inflammatory reaction around the neuronal environment. NF-κB transcription factors are abundant in the brain and exhibit diverse functions. Several central nerve system (CNS) diseases are linked to NF-κB activated by inflammatory mediators. The RelA and c-Rel expression produce opposite effects on neuronal survival. Importantly, c-Rel expression in CNS plays a critical role in anti-apoptosis and reduces the age-related behaviors. Moreover, the different subunits of NF-κB dimer formation can modulate the neuroninflammation, neuronal protection, or neurotoxicity. The diverse functions of NF-κB depend on the subunits of the NF-κB dimer-formation which enable us to develop a therapeutic approach to neuroinflammation based on a new concept of inflammation as a strategic tool in neuronal cells. However, the detail role of NF-κB in neuroinflammation, remains to be clarified. In the present article, we provide an updated review of the current state of our knowledge about relationship between NF-κB and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Horng Shih
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Chengchi University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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