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Gujar V, Pande RD, Das S. Nerve Growth Factor Shows Biphasic Expression during Adjuvant-Induced Neurogenic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4029. [PMID: 38612839 PMCID: PMC11012393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are considered the most significant cause of death worldwide. Current treatments for inflammatory diseases are limited due to the lack of understanding of the biological factors involved in early-stage disease progression. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor directly associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been shown that NGF levels are significantly upregulated at the site of inflammation and play a crucial role in developing a robust inflammatory response. However, little is known about NGF's temporal expression profile during the initial progressive phase of inflammation. This study aimed to determine the temporal expression patterns of NGF in rat skin (epidermis) during adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-treated groups. Levels of NGF were evaluated following unilateral AIA at different time points, and it was found that peripheral inflammation due to AIA significantly upregulated the expression of NGF mRNA and protein in a biphasic pattern. These results suggest that NGF signaling is crucial for initiating and maintaining peripheral neurogenic inflammation in rats during AIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramsingh Gujar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
| | - Radhika D. Pande
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA; (R.D.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Subhas Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA; (R.D.P.); (S.D.)
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Bavarsad K, Shalil Ahmadi D, Momeni M, Yadyad MJ, Salehi Kahyesh R, Moradzadegan H, Ghafouri S. Evaluation of the relationship between serum BDNF concentration and indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation in COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders - a pilot study. Neurol Res 2024; 46:33-41. [PMID: 37706246 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the effect of serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the development of neurological disorders in COVID-19 patients and the probable role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this phenomenon. METHODS The present case-control study included 42 COVID-19 patients referring to Golestan and Sina hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran, for treatment. Patients with (n = 18) and without (n = 24) neurological disorders were allocated into test and control groups, respectively. Following blood sampling, serum isolation was done, and the serum was stored at -80°C until biochemical assessment for measuring BDNF, oxidative stress indices, and inflammatory factors. RESULTS Although no significant brain damage was observed in the COVID-19 patients with neurological disorders, the results showed that the serum level of BDNF in the test group increased compared to that in the control group, and this increment was accompanied with increased Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and decreased Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in the serum. Moreover, compared to the control group, patients in the test group had a decreased level of Thiol and an increased level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the serum concentration of BDNF and nitric oxide (NO) in the test group. CONCLUSION Using over-the-counter (OTC) medicines which include thiol-group-related agents or any other antioxidants can alleviate oxidative stress and the associated increased inflammation in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Davood Shalil Ahmadi
- Department of Neurology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Momeni
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Yadyad
- Department of Infection Disease, Sina Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi Kahyesh
- Thalasemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Sirico A, Simonelli S, Pignatiello S, Fulgione C, Sarno L, Chiuso F, Maruotti GM, Sansone M, Guida M, Insabato L. BDNF and NGF Expression in Preneoplastic Cervical Disease According to HIV Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10729. [PMID: 37445902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophins, such as BDNF and NGF, are overexpressed in tumor cells in cervical cancer, and HIV infection is associated with the upregulation of neurotrophin expression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether BDNF and NGF are overexpressed in preneoplastic cervical disease from HIV-infected women. METHODS Women with preneoplastic cervical lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3) were prospectively enrolled and grouped according to their HIV status. Samples from Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) for suspected cervical cancer were obtained, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate BDNF and NGF expression. RESULTS We included in our analysis 12 HIV-infected patients who were matched with 23 HIV-negative patients as a control group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that BDNF expression was significantly higher in cervical preneoplastic lesions from HIV-positive women than in the lesions from the control group. In particular, BDNF was expressed in 8/12 HIV-positive patients and 7/23 HIV-negative patients (66.7% vs. 30.4%, χ2 = 4.227; p = 0.040). NGF expression was not significantly higher in cervical preneoplastic lesions from HIV-positive women compared with that in the lesions from the control group. In particular, NGF was expressed in 8/12 HIV-positive patients and in 12/23 HIV-negative patients (66.7% vs. 52.2% χ2 = 0.676; p = 0.411). Logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV status is an independent predictor of BDNF expression in pre-invasive preneoplastic cervical disease when considered alone (crude OR 4.6, 95% CI 0.027-20.347; p = 0.046) and when analyzed with other co-factors (adjusted OR 6.786, 95% CI 1.084-42.476; p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS In preneoplastic cervical disease, BDNF expression is higher in HIV-infected women than in non-infected controls, and this is independent of the clinical features of the patients and from the presence of the HPV-HR genotype. BDNF can play a key role as a link between the pathways by which HIV and HPV interact to accelerate cervical cancer progression and invasion. These data can be useful to better understand the role of neurotrophins in the cancerogenesis of cervical cancer and the possible therapeutic strategies to improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sirico
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio Simonelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Fulgione
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Sarno
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Maruotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Sansone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Ferreira A, Nascimento D, Cruz CD. Molecular Mechanism Operating in Animal Models of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: A Systematic Review Focusing on Bladder Dysfunction of Neurogenic Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043273. [PMID: 36834694 PMCID: PMC9959149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a severe lower urinary tract disorder, characterized by urinary urgency, retention, and incontinence, as a result of a neurologic lesion that results in damage in neuronal pathways controlling micturition. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive framework of the currently used animal models for the investigation of this disorder, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of NDO. An electronic search was performed with PubMed and Scopus for literature describing animal models of NDO used in the last 10 years. The search retrieved 648 articles, of which reviews and non-original articles were excluded. After careful selection, 51 studies were included for analysis. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was the most frequently used model to study NDO, followed by animal models of neurodegenerative disorders, meningomyelocele, and stroke. Rats were the most commonly used animal, particularly females. Most studies evaluated bladder function through urodynamic methods, with awake cystometry being particularly preferred. Several molecular mechanisms have been identified, including changes in inflammatory processes, regulation of cell survival, and neuronal receptors. In the NDO bladder, inflammatory markers, apoptosis-related factors, and ischemia- and fibrosis-related molecules were found to be upregulated. Purinergic, cholinergic, and adrenergic receptors were downregulated, as most neuronal markers. In neuronal tissue, neurotrophic factors, apoptosis-related factors, and ischemia-associated molecules are increased, as well as markers of microglial and astrocytes at lesion sites. Animal models of NDO have been crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction. Despite the heterogeneity of animal models for NDO onset, most studies rely on traumatic SCI models rather than other NDO-driven pathologies, which may result in some issues when translating pre-clinical observations to clinical settings other than SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferreira
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Nascimento
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426740; Fax: +351-225513655
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Hsiang HW, Girard BM, Vizzard MA. Changes in nerve growth factor signaling in female mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. FRONTIERS IN UROLOGY 2023; 2:1089220. [PMID: 37701183 PMCID: PMC10493645 DOI: 10.3389/fruro.2022.1089220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
IC/BPS is a chronic inflammatory pelvic pain syndrome characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms including unpleasant sensation (pain, pressure, or discomfort) in the suprapubic or bladder area, as well as increased urinary frequency and urgency, and decreased bladder capacity. While its etiology remains unknown, increasing evidence suggests a role for changes in nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling. However, NGF signaling is complex and highly context dependent. NGF activates two receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, which activate distinct but overlapping signaling cascades. Dependent on their coexpression, p75NTR facilitates TrkA actions. Here, we show effects of CYP treatment and pharmacological inhibition of p75NTR (via LM11A-31) and TrkA (ARRY-954) on NGF signaling-related proteins: NGF, TrkA, phosphorylated (p)-TrkA, p75NTR, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK. Cystitis conditions were associated with increased urothelial NGF expression and decreased TrkA and p75NTR expression as well as altering their co-expression ratio; phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK were also altered. Both TrkA and p75NTR inhibition affected the activation of signaling pathways downstream of TrkA, supporting the hypothesis that NGF actions during cystitis are primarily TrkA-mediated. Our findings, in tandem with our recent companion paper demonstrating the effects of TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR inhibition on bladder function in a mouse model of cystitis, highlight a variety of potent therapeutic targets and provide further insight into the involvement of NGF signaling in sustained conditions of bladder inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison W. Hsiang
- The Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Beatrice M. Girard
- The Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Margaret A. Vizzard
- The Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
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Hsiang HW, Girard BM, Ratkovits L, Campbell SE, Vizzard MA. Effects of pharmacological neurotrophin receptor inhibition on bladder function in female mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. FRONTIERS IN UROLOGY 2022; 2:1037511. [PMID: 37701182 PMCID: PMC10494527 DOI: 10.3389/fruro.2022.1037511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic inflammatory pelvic pain syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by a number of lower urinary tract symptoms, including increased urinary urgency and frequency, bladder discomfort, decreased bladder capacity, and pelvic pain. While its etiology remains unknown, a large body of evidence suggests a role for changes in neurotrophin signaling, particularly that of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological inhibition of the NGF receptor TrkA, BDNF receptor TrkB, and pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR on bladder function in acute (4-hour) and chronic (8-day) mouse models of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. TrkA inhibition via ARRY-954 significantly increased intermicturition interval and bladder capacity in control and acute and chronic CYP-treatment conditions. TrkB inhibition via ANA-12 significantly increased intermicturition interval and bladder capacity in acute, but not chronic, CYP-treatment conditions. Interestingly, intermicturition interval and bladder capacity significantly increased following p75NTR inhibition via LM11A-31 in the acute CYP-treatment condition, but decreased in the chronic condition, potentially due to compensatory changes in neurotrophin signaling or increased urothelial barrier dysfunction in the chronic condition. Our findings demonstrate that these receptors represent additional potent therapeutic targets in mice with cystitis and may be useful in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and other inflammatory disorders of the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison W. Hsiang
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Beatrice M. Girard
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Lexi Ratkovits
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Susan E. Campbell
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Margaret A. Vizzard
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Jhang JF, Jiang YH, Kuo HC. Current Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Novel Treatments of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102380. [PMID: 36289642 PMCID: PMC9598807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is multifactorial. Identifying the clinical characteristics and cystoscopic findings of bladder-centered IC/BPS facilitates optimal treatment strategies targeting the diseased urinary bladder. Patients with Hunner’s lesion (HIC) and without Hunner’s lesion (NHIC) should be treated differently. Based on the histopathological findings, NHIC can be treated with intravesical instillation of urothelial protective agents, such as hyaluronic acid, to cover the urothelial defects. In non-responders, chronic inflammation and higher urothelial dysfunction can be treated with intravesical botulinum toxin A injection, platelet-rich plasma injection, or low-energy shock wave treatment to reduce inflammation, increase tissue regeneration, and improve the urothelial barrier. Patients with HIC should be treated with electrocauterization first; augmentation enterocystoplasty should only be used in end-stage HIC when the contracted bladder is refractory to other treatments. The antiviral agent, valacyclovir, can be used in patients with HIC, small bladder capacity, and high-grade glomerulations. In addition, behavioral modification is always recommended from the beginning of treatment. Treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy interventions in combination with bladder therapy can reduce anxiety and improve treatment outcomes. Herein, recent advances in the pathophysiology and novel treatments for IC/BPS are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hann-Chorng Kuo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 2117); Fax: +886-3-8560794
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March B, Lockhart KR, Faulkner S, Smolny M, Rush R, Hondermarck H. ELISA-based quantification of neurotrophic growth factors in urine from prostate cancer patients. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:888-896. [PMID: 34761171 PMCID: PMC8565200 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive procedures are needed for prostate cancer management, and urine represents a potential source of new biomarkers with translational value. Recent evidence has shown that the growth of new nerves in the tumor microenvironment is essential to prostate cancer progression. Neurotrophic growth factors are expressed by prostate cancer cells and contribute to prostate tumor innervation, but their presence in urine is unclear. In the present study, we have assayed the concentration of neurotrophic factors in the urine of prostate cancer patients. Urine was collected from a prospective cohort of 45 men with prostate cancer versus 30 men without cancer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify nerve growth factor (NGF) and its precursor proNGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and proBDNF, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4/5, and glia-derived neurotrophic growth factor. The results show that neurotrophic factors are detectable in various concentrations in both cancer and healthy urine, but no significant difference was found. Also, no association was observed between neurotrophic factor concentrations and prostate cancer grade. This study is the first quantification of neurotrophins in urine, and although no significant differences were observed between prostate cancer patients versus those without prostate cancer, or between prostate cancers of various grades, the potential value of neurotrophins for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis warrants further investigations in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayden March
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine & Public HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Department of UrologyJohn Hunter HospitalNew Lambton HeightsNSWAustralia
| | | | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNSWAustralia
| | | | - Robert Rush
- Biosensis Pty LtdThebartonSAAustralia
- Department of Human PhysiologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences & PharmacyThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNew LambtonNSWAustralia
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Experimental long-term diabetes mellitus alters the transcriptome and biomechanical properties of the rat urinary bladder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15529. [PMID: 34330963 PMCID: PMC8324824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy is widely studied. In contrast, the pathobiology of diabetic urinary bladder disease is less understood despite dysfunctional voiding being common in DM. We hypothesised that diabetic cystopathy has a characteristic molecular signature. We therefore studied bladders of hyperglycaemic and polyuric rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM. Sixteen weeks after induction of DM, as assessed by RNA arrays, wide-ranging changes of gene expression occurred in DM bladders over and above those induced in bladders of non-hyperglycaemic rats with sucrose-induced polyuria. The altered transcripts included those coding for extracellular matrix regulators and neural molecules. Changes in key genes deregulated in DM rat bladders were also detected in db/db mouse bladders. In DM rat bladders there was reduced birefringent collagen between detrusor muscle bundles, and atomic force microscopy showed a significant reduction in tissue stiffness; neither change was found in bladders of sucrose-treated rats. Thus, altered extracellular matrix with reduced tissue rigidity may contribute to voiding dysfunction in people with long-term DM. These results serve as an informative stepping stone towards understanding the complex pathobiology of diabetic cystopathy.
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Takemoto R, Michihara S, Han LK, Fujita N, Takahashi R. Ninjin'yoeito Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury in Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:525629. [PMID: 33614695 PMCID: PMC7890080 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.525629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kampo medicines are frequently used empirically to treat pain in clinical practice. Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), which is associated with few adverse effects, is often used to treat the elderly, but has not yet been examined in detail. We herein investigated the effects of NYT, at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg p.o. (NYT500/NYT1000 group) in single and repeated administrations for 14 days, on pain in rats with peripheral neuropathy induced by loose ligation of the sciatic nerve (chronic constriction injury: CCI). Untreated CCI rats given distilled water were used as a control group. To assess induced pain, the pain threshold was measured using the von Frey test. To evaluate spontaneous pain, the ground-contact area of the paw with neuropathic pain was measured using the Dynamic Weight Bearing test. Serum samples were collected after the test to elucidate the mechanism of action of NYT, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and corticosterone protein levels, which have been reported to change due to chronic pain, were analyzed. After single administration of NYT, the pain threshold rose in the NYT500 and NYT1000 groups. The pain threshold tended to rise on day 14 of repeated administration in the NYT500 group (p = 0.08) and it significantly rose at NYT1000 group (p < 0.05) compared to Control group. In addition, the foot contact area increased (p = 0.09). Therefore, CCI-induced pain was significantly remitted and spontaneous pain was remitted after repeated administration of NYT. Serum BDNF levels were higher in untreated CCI rats than in normal rats (p = 0.05), but decreased after the repeated administration of NYT (NYT1000, p = 0.15), while serum corticosterone levels were lower (p = 0.12) than those in normal rats and increased after the repeated administration of NYT (NYT1000, p = 0.07). The blood BDNF level has been suggested to influence pain intensity. The findings demonstrated NYT effectively treats neuropathic pain, suggesting that a NYT-induced decrease in blood BDNF contributed to the mechanism of pain relief. In addition, the variation of corticosterone was observed, suggesting that normalization of responsiveness to stress by NYT contributed to the pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takemoto
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiwa Michihara
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Li-Kun Han
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Nina Fujita
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takahashi
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Toyama, Japan
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Jafarov R, Ceyhan E, Kahraman O, Ceylan T, Dikmen ZG, Tekgul S, Dogan HS. Efficacy of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in children with functional voiding disorders. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 40:404-411. [PMID: 33205852 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the efficacy of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) on functional voiding disorder (FVD) and investigate the utility of urine biomarkers (UBs: nerve growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2) in diagnosis and follow-up. METHODS A total of 44 children were included to this randomized controlled trial prospectively. After randomization, 20 of 30 children with storage phase dysfunction those were unresponsive or noncompliant to medical treatment received TPTNS treatment (test group) and 10 children underwent TPTNS with no current (sham group) for 12 weeks. Fourteen healthy children constituted the nonsymptomatic group. UB levels, dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system (DVISS), voiding diary, and quality of life (QoL) scores were assessed before and after treatment in the treatment groups. RESULTS QoL scores, overall and day-time DVISS scores were significantly decreased in both sham and test groups (p < 0.05). In addition to these findings, the frequency of incontinence and urgency episodes were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the TPTNS treatment group. This effect in the test group was still valid 2 years after intervention. There was no significant difference in UBs measurements between treatment and nonsymptomatic groups and between pretreatment and posttreatment measurements of test and sham groups. CONCLUSIONS TPTNS is an efficient minimally invasive treatment in children with FVD who do not respond to medical treatment. TPTNS provides a significant improvement on episodes of frequency, episodes of incontinence, overall and day-time DVISS scores, and QoL scores. The effectiveness of treatment continues even at the end of the second year of intervention. UBs were not found to be predictive in terms of diagnosis and evaluating the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Jafarov
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Ceyhan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Kahraman
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taner Ceylan
- Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha G Dikmen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Tekgul
- Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan S Dogan
- Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bellozi PM, Pelição R, Santos MC, Lima IV, Saliba SW, Vieira ÉL, Campos AC, Teixeira AL, de Oliveira AC, Nakamura-Palacios EM, Rodrigues LC. URB597 ameliorates the deleterious effects induced by binge alcohol consumption in adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Morizawa Y, Aoki K, Iemura Y, Hori S, Gotoh D, Fukui S, Nakai Y, Miyake M, Torimoto K, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K. Urinary nerve growth factor can predict therapeutic efficacy in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:2311-2317. [PMID: 31432572 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the urinary levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and evaluate whether these factors can be used as biomarkers for the treatment outcome. METHODS NGF and BDNF levels were measured and compared in 38 children (28 boys and 10 girls) with MNE and 25 children (18 boys and 7 girls) with no urinary symptoms were assessed. The mean ages in the patient and control groups were 9 and 10 years, respectively (P = .49). The patients were treated with either alarm or desmopressin therapy. RESULTS The urinary NGF/creatinine and BDNF/creatinine ratios were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P = .0003 and P = .0095, respectively). NGF and BDNF levels showed a significant positive correlation (P = .0020, r = 0.40). With respect to the degree of response, 19 patients (50%) showed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), and 19 patients (50%) showed nonresponse (NR). The urinary NGF/creatinine and BDNF/creatinine ratios were significantly higher in the NR group than in the CR and PR groups (P = .0003 and P = .0003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Urinary NGF/creatinine and BDNF/creatinine ratios were significantly higher in children with MNE than in healthy controls. Urinary NGF/creatinine can be predictive factors of a poor treatment outcome in children with MNE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsuya Aoki
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iemura
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukui
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Kucera J, Ruda-Kucerova J, Zlamal F, Kuruczova D, Babinska Z, Tomandl J, Tomandlova M, Bienertova-Vasku J. Oral administration of BDNF and/or GDNF normalizes serum BDNF level in the olfactory bulbectomized rats: A proof of concept study. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:669-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that control the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA by binding to specific DNA sequences either on their own or with other proteins as a complex. TFs thus support or suppress the recruitment of the corresponding RNA polymerase. In general, TFs are classified by structure or function. The TF, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), is expressed in all cell types and tissues. NF-κB signaling and crosstalk are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis including in sequences involving pathogenic stimulus, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, establishment of its remodeling to the precancerous niche (PCN) and transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Triggered by various inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB is activated along with other TFs with subsequent stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of NF-κB in carcinogenesis provides an opportunity to develop anti-NF-κB therapies. The complexity of these interactions requires that we elucidate those aspects of NF-κB interactions that play a role in carcinogenesis, the sequence of events leading to cancer.
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A C-terminal cysteine residue is required for peptide-based inhibition of the NGF/TrkA interaction at nM concentrations: implications for peptide-based analgesics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:930. [PMID: 30700786 PMCID: PMC6353895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the NGF/TrkA interaction presents an interesting alternative to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and/or opioids for the control of inflammatory, chronic and neuropathic pain. Most prominent of the current approaches to this therapy is the antibody Tanezumab, which is a late-stage development humanized monoclonal antibody that targets NGF. We sought to determine whether peptides might similarly inhibit the NGF/TrkA interaction and so serve as future therapeutic leads. Starting from two peptides that inhibit the NGF/TrkA interaction, we sought to eliminate a cysteine residue close to the C-terminal of both sequences, by an approach of mutagenic analysis and saturation mutagenesis of mutable residues. Elimination of cysteine from a therapeutic lead is desirable to circumvent manufacturing difficulties resulting from oxidation. Our analyses determined that the cysteine residue is not required for NGF binding, but is essential for inhibition of the NGF/TrkA interaction at pharmacologically relevant peptide concentrations. We conclude that a cysteine residue is required within potential peptide-based therapeutic leads and hypothesise that these peptides likely act as dimers, mirroring the dimeric structure of the TrkA receptor.
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Coelho A, Oliveira R, Antunes-Lopes T, Cruz CD. Partners in Crime: NGF and BDNF in Visceral Dysfunction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1021-1038. [PMID: 31204623 PMCID: PMC7052822 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190617095844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs), particularly Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), have attracted increasing attention in the context of visceral function for some years. Here, we examined the current literature and presented a thorough review of the subject. After initial studies linking of NGF to cystitis, it is now well-established that this neurotrophin (NT) is a key modulator of bladder pathologies, including Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (BPS/IC) and Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS. NGF is upregulated in bladder tissue and its blockade results in major improvements on urodynamic parameters and pain. Further studies expanded showed that NGF is also an intervenient in other visceral dysfunctions such as endometriosis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). More recently, BDNF was also shown to play an important role in the same visceral dysfunctions, suggesting that both NTs are determinant factors in visceral pathophysiological mechanisms. Manipulation of NGF and BDNF improves visceral function and reduce pain, suggesting that clinical modulation of these NTs may be important; however, much is still to be investigated before this step is taken. Another active area of research is centered on urinary NGF and BDNF. Several studies show that both NTs can be found in the urine of patients with visceral dysfunction in much higher concentration than in healthy individuals, suggesting that they could be used as potential biomarkers. However, there are still technical difficulties to be overcome, including the lack of a large multicentre placebo-controlled studies to prove the relevance of urinary NTs as clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Experimental Biology, Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro; Tel: 351 220426740; Fax: +351 225513655; E-mail:
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Lucchesi M, Lanzetta G, Antonuzzo A, Rozzi A, Sardi I, Favre C, Ripamonti CI, Santini D, Armento G. Developing drugs in cancer-related bone pain. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 119:66-74. [PMID: 28893462 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-related bone pain is a frequent and important key problem for metastatic patients that may reduce quality of life, with related limitations in daily activities and morbidity. Often traditional approach to pain may fail given the complex pathophysiology of this phenomenon. METHODS The aim of this review is to describe promising therapies for cancer-related bone pain, from the pathophysiology to the clinical trials currently ongoing. Moreover, any new evidence for better approach to cancer-related bone pain with the traditional drugs is also considered. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice opioids remain the most important pharmacologic treatment for severe pain related to bone cancer. Regard developing drugs, anti-NGF and anti-TrkA are the most investigated new drug in this setting, but a future role in clinical practice is still uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lucchesi
- Thoracic Cancer Centre, Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Lanzetta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Italian Neuro-Traumatology Institute, Grottaferrata, Italy.
| | - Andrea Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1 SSN, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Italian Neuro-Traumatology Institute, Grottaferrata, Italy.
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Carla Ida Ripamonti
- Supportive Care in Cancer Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Campus Biomedico University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Armento
- Medical Oncology Unit, Campus Biomedico University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Biologic drugs as analgesics for the management of osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 46:687-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Urinary Biomarkers for Bladder Outlet Obstruction. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-017-0418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Nerve Growth Factor Expression and Its Receptors TrkA and p75NTR in Peri-Implantitis Lesions. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 25:373-9. [PMID: 27064695 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) can, through its receptors TrkA and p75NTR, convey signals for cell survival or cell differentiation. These proteins are also involved in inflammation and in bone resorption. The aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the expression of NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75NTR in peri-implantitis lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen biopsy specimens from patients with chronic peri-implantitis and 4 of healthy oral mucosa were immunostained with antibodies against NGF, TrkA, and p75NTR. The staining intensity and percentage of stained cells were semi-quantitatively evaluated and results were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS In the peri-implant pocket epithelium and gingival epithelium, NGF and TrkA expressions were similar to the healthy oral mucosa, however, a decreased expression of p75NTR was observed. In all cases, more than 75% of the inflammatory cells stained positively for NGF and TrkA, and p75NTR was negatively expressed. CONCLUSION The intense expression of NGF and TrkA in the inflammatory cell infiltrate associated with decreased expression of p75NTR in both gingival and pocket epithelium suggests that these proteins may have a role in peri-implantitis lesions.
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Russo A, Buratta L, Pippi R, Aiello C, Ranucci C, Reginato E, Santangelo V, DeFeo P, Mazzeschi C. Effect of Training Exercise on Urinary Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Performances in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Psychol Rep 2016; 120:70-87. [DOI: 10.1177/0033294116679122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-mediated, brain-derived neurotrophic factor induction benefits health and cognitive functions. The multifaceted interplay between physical activity, urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive functioning has been largely neglected in previous literature. In this pilot study, two bouts of training exercise (65% and 70% of heart rate reserve) influenced urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive performances in 12 overweight and obese participants. Percent heart rate reserve, expenditure energy, brain-derived neurotrophic factor urinary levels and cognitive performances were measured before and after the exercise. No significant variations in energy expenditure were observed, while differences of heart rate reserve between two groups were maintained. Both bouts of training exercise induced a similar reduction in urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Only visuo-spatial working memory capacity at 65% of heart rate reserve showed a significant increase. These findings indicate a consistent effect of training exercise on urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive factors in overweight and obese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Russo
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attivita Motoria (C.U.R.I.A.MO.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia Buratta
- Department of Philosophy, Social, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attivita Motoria (C.U.R.I.A.MO.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Aiello
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attivita Motoria (C.U.R.I.A.MO.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ranucci
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attivita Motoria (C.U.R.I.A.MO.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Reginato
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attivita Motoria (C.U.R.I.A.MO.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo DeFeo
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attivita Motoria (C.U.R.I.A.MO.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy, Social, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Pathomechanism of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Mapping the Heterogeneity of Disease. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:S95-104. [PMID: 27915472 PMCID: PMC5169097 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632712.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a heterogeneous syndrome which is usually characterized by urinary frequency, nocturia, and bladder pain. Several pathomechanisms have been proposed, including uroepithelial dysfunction, mast cell activation, neurogenic inflammation, autoimmunity, and occult urinary tract infections. It is possible that an inflammatory process alters regulation of urothelial homeostasis and results in dysfunction of the bladder epithelium. Different phenotypes of IC/BPS have been explored including Hunner and non-Hunner type IC, hypersensitive bladder, and bladder pain both with and without functional somatic syndrome. Different gene expressions have also been found in different IC phenotypes. Abnormal expressions of uroplakin, chondroitin sulfate and adhesive protein E-cadherin, tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in IC/BPS bladder suggest abnormal epithelial differentiation in this bladder disease. Analysis of inflammatory proteins, or cytokines in the urine or serum provides another diagnostic foundation forIC/BPS subtypes. The involvement of IC/BPS in systemic functional somatic syndrome and other pelvic organ diseases might also subdivide subtypes of IC/BPS. Chronic inflammation, increased urothelial apoptosis, and abnormal urothelial function are closely associated in IC bladders. This article reviews recent research on the pathomechanisms of IC, which might help us in mapping the heterogeneity of the disease.
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Kashyap M, Pore S, Chancellor M, Yoshimura N, Tyagi P. Bladder overactivity involves overexpression of MicroRNA 132 and nerve growth factor. Life Sci 2016; 167:98-104. [PMID: 27789288 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Here, we assessed the expression of non-protein coding microRNAs (miRs), nerve growth factor and inflammatory molecules in the rat model of acetic acid induced bladder overactivity. MAIN METHODS Under isoflurane anesthesia, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were instilled for 30min with either saline or NGF antisense oligonucleotide complexed with liposomes. 24h later, treated rats were exposed to either intravesical infusion of saline or saline containing 0.25% acetic acid at the rate of 0.04mL/min for 2h under urethane anesthesia (1g/kg; s.c). After CMG, bladder was harvested to study expression of NGF, cytokines and 8 specific miRNAs involved in bladder dysfunctions. The role of miR-132 in bladder overactivity was independently assessed through bladder wall transfection of plasmid encoding miR-132. KEY FINDINGS NGF overexpression in bladder overactivity was associated with ~2-fold upregulation and downregulation of miR-132 and miR-221, respectively. Pretreatment with NGF antisense restored the expression of miR-221 and miR-132 to control levels and also reduced the expression of NGF and cytokines (MCP-1 and sICAM-1). There was insignificant alteration in the expression of miR-199a-5p, and expression of, miR-210, miR-212, miR-155, miR-134 and miR-206 remained similar across the experimental groups. Bladder wall transfection of miR-132 plasmid in absence of acetic acid exposure was able to independently induce bladder overactivity, bladder hypertrophy and upregulate the expression of NGF and other cytokines. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our work sheds light on the role of miR-132 in bladder overactivity, bladder hypertrophy, NGF signaling and expression of inflammatory mediators. Findings demonstrate that aberrant expression of NGF and miR-132 is involved in voiding dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Kashyap
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Subrata Pore
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michael Chancellor
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.
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25
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Sheffield KS, Vohra R, Scott JA, Ross GM. Using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to characterize the inhibition of NGF-p75NTR and proNGF-p75NTR interactions by small molecule inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2016; 103:292-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Weigand LA, Kwong K, Myers AC. The Effects of Nerve Growth Factor on Nicotinic Synaptic Transmission in Mouse Airway Parasympathetic Neurons. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:443-9. [PMID: 25647301 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0280oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In autonomic ganglia, acetylcholine (ACh) is released from preganglionic nerve terminals and binds to nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) on postganglionic neurons, resulting in a brief, short-lived synaptic potential (fast excitatory postsynaptic potential [fEPSP]). Although nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to affect sensory and sympathetic nerves, especially during development, little is known regarding its effect on parasympathetic nerves, especially on adult neurons. Elevated levels of NGF and NGF-mediated neural plasticity may have a role in airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study, we characterize the composition and response of nAChRs in parasympathetic neurons located in lower airways of mice, and note the effects of NGF on fEPSPs and on nicotinic currents. Based on immunohistochemical staining, nAChRs are made up of α-3 and β-4 subunits; in addition, tropomyosin-related kinase A, the receptor for NGF, is also expressed by the neurons. Vagus nerve evoked fEPSPs and inward currents evoked by a nicotinic receptor agonist (1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium) were increased by NGF. NGF also affected the action potential after hyperpolarization. These studies were done in mice, which are routinely used to study airway diseases, such as asthma, where the allergen-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle has a well-defined parasympathetic cholinergic component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Kwong
- 2 GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Allen C Myers
- 3 Department of Medicine/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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28
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Petrie CN, Armitage MN, Kawaja MD. Myenteric expression of nerve growth factor and the p75 neurotrophin receptor regulate axonal remodeling as a consequence of colonic inflammation in mice. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:228-40. [PMID: 26073142 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels increase in response to inflammation of the mammalian colon. The precise cellular sources of colonic NGF synthesis, however, remain elusive. Using lines of transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the NGF promoter, we found a subpopulation of adendritic EGFP(+) neurons in the myenteric plexus. These colonic EGFP(+) neurons display positive immunostaining for calretinin but not nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) two biomarkers of mouse myenteric neurons. A loss of NGF expression in null mutant postnatal mice does not affect the survival of these EGFP(+) neurons. Induction of colonic inflammation confirms local increases in NGF mRNA/protein levels, which coincide with heightened detection of EGFP by myenteric neurons. Though NOS1(+) myenteric neurons display positive immunostaining for trkA (the receptor required for NGF binding/signaling), transgenic overexpression of NGF by smooth muscle cells in the colon does not alter the survival, somal size, or axonal density of trkA-expressing NOS1(+) myenteric neurons. Mice lacking functional p75NTR (the second receptor required for NGF binding) exhibit significantly less axonal damage among NOS1(+) myenteric neurons, in response to chemically induced colonic inflammation. Likewise, trkA-expressing sympathetic axons that innervate the myenteric ganglia display less damage in the absence of p75NTR. These data are the first to implicate calretinin(+) myenteric neurons as a source of NGF in the murine colon, and that in response to colonic inflammation, increases in NGF can exaggerate damage of intrinsic NOS1(+) axons and extrinsic sympathetic axons that co-express trkA and p75NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey N Petrie
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael N Armitage
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael D Kawaja
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Yoshimura N, Oguchi T, Yokoyama H, Funahashi Y, Yoshikawa S, Sugino Y, Kawamorita N, Kashyap MP, Chancellor MB, Tyagi P, Ogawa T. Bladder afferent hyperexcitability in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Int J Urol 2015; 21 Suppl 1:18-25. [PMID: 24807488 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is a disease with lower urinary tract symptoms, such as bladder pain and urinary frequency, which results in seriously impaired quality of life of patients. The extreme pain and urinary frequency are often difficult to treat. Although the etiology of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is still not known, there is increasing evidence showing that afferent hyperexcitability as a result of neurogenic bladder inflammation and urothelial dysfunction is important to the pathophysiological basis of symptom development. Further investigation of the pathophysiology will lead to the effective treatment of patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Herrity AN, Petruska JC, Stirling DP, Rau KK, Hubscher CH. The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of vagal sensory neurons. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R1021-33. [PMID: 25855310 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00445.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The vagus nerve is composed primarily of nonmyelinated sensory neurons whose cell bodies are located in the nodose ganglion (NG). The vagus has widespread projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Because of its nonspinal route, the vagus nerve itself is not directly damaged from spinal cord injury (SCI). Because most viscera, including bladder, are dually innervated by spinal and vagal sensory neurons, an impact of SCI on the sensory component of vagal circuitry may contribute to post-SCI visceral pathologies. To determine whether SCI, in male Wistar rats, might impact neurochemical characteristics of NG neurons, immunohistochemical assessments were performed for P2X3 receptor expression, isolectin B4 (IB4) binding, and substance P expression, three known injury-responsive markers in sensory neuronal subpopulations. In addition to examining the overall population of NG neurons, those innervating the urinary bladder also were assessed separately. All three of the molecular markers were represented in the NG from noninjured animals, with the majority of the neurons binding IB4. In the chronically injured rats, there was a significant increase in the number of NG neurons expressing P2X3 and a significant decrease in the number binding IB4 compared with noninjured animals, a finding that held true also for the bladder-innervating population. Overall, these results indicate that vagal afferents, including those innervating the bladder, display neurochemical plasticity post-SCI that may have implications for visceral homeostatic mechanisms and nociceptive signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- April N Herrity
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey C Petruska
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - David P Stirling
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Kristofer K Rau
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Charles H Hubscher
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
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Koven NS, Collins LR. Urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a biomarker of executive functioning. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 69:227-34. [PMID: 24942240 DOI: 10.1159/000362242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are vital for neuronal survival and adaptive plasticity. With high BDNF gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, BDNF is a potential regulatory factor for building and maintaining cognitive reserves. Recent studies suggest that individual differences in executive functioning, a broad cognitive domain reliant upon frontal lobe structure and function, are governed in part by variance in BDNF polymorphisms. However, as neurogenetic data are not necessarily indicative of in vivo neurochemistry, this study examines the relationship between executive functioning and the neurotransmitter by measuring peripheral BDNF levels. METHODS Fifty-two healthy young adults completed a battery of standardized executive function tests. BDNF levels, adjusted for creatinine, were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of urine samples taken at the time of testing. RESULTS BDNF concentration was positively associated with cognitive flexibility but had no relationship with working memory, abstract reasoning/planning, self-monitoring/response inhibition, or fluency. CONCLUSIONS These results individuate cognitive flexibility as the specific facet of executive functioning associated with in vivo BDNF levels. This study also validates urinary BDNF as a peripheral biomarker of cognition in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Koven
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, USA
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Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) was first identified as a substance that is essential for the development of nociceptive primary neurons and later found to have a role in inflammatory hyperalgesia in adults. Involvement of NGF in conditions with no apparent inflammatory signs has also been demonstrated. In this review we look at the hyperalgesic effects of exogenously injected NGF into different tissues, both human and animal, with special emphasis on the time course of these effects. The roles of NGF in inflammatory and neuropathic conditions as well as cancer pain are then reviewed. The role of NGF in delayed onset muscle soreness is described in more detail than its other roles based on the authors' recent observations. Acute effects are considered to be peripherally mediated, and accordingly, sensitization of nociceptors by NGF to heat and mechanical stimulation has been reported. Changes in the conductive properties of axons have also been reported. The intracellular mechanisms so far proposed for heat sensitization are direct phosphorylation and membrane trafficking of TRPV1 by TrkA. Little investigation has been done on the mechanism of mechanical sensitization, and it is still unclear whether mechanisms similar to those for heat sensitization work in mechanical sensitization. Long-lasting sensitizing effects are mediated both by changed expression of neuropeptides and ion channels (Na channels, ASIC, TRPV1) in primary afferents and by spinal NMDA receptors. Therapeutic perspectives are briefly discussed at the end of the chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Mizumura
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan,
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Andresen T, Nilsson M, Nielsen AK, Lassen D, Arendt-Nielsen L, Drewes AM. Intradermal Injection with Nerve Growth Factor: A Reproducible Model to Induce Experimental Allodynia and Hyperalgesia. Pain Pract 2014; 16:12-23. [PMID: 25470218 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a pivotal role in survival, growth, and differentiation of the nervous system. Increased levels of NGF have been reported in human pain disorders. Experimental injection of NGF in humans is known to evoke long-lasting mechanical sensitization and subsequent allodynia and hyperalgesia. METHODS Reproducibility of intradermal injection of NGF was investigated. Twenty healthy male volunteers were included (mean age 24 years, range 19 to 31). The experiment consisted of 3 identical treatment periods with period 1 stimulating the right arm, period 2 the left arm, and period 3 stimulating the right arm again (period one and three were separated by at least 21 days). Pain intensity was assessed in response to several phasic stimuli in 3 adjacent sites of the volar forearm: pressure; pinprick; brush; and heat before and after NGF injection. Additionally, areas of allodynia and secondary hyperalgesia were assessed. Rekindling with pressure was performed 1 hour and 24 hours after injection. Reproducibility was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,1). RESULTS ICC values > 0.6 for all phasic stimuli and for the area of hyperalgesia. After NGF injection, pressure pain (P < 0.001) and heat pain (P < 0.01) sensitivity increased significantly. After rekindling, the area of hyperalgesia (von Frey 26 g) was significantly increased (P = 0.03) and sensitivity to pinprick was increased (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION Intradermal NGF injection is capable of inducing reproducible allodynia and hyperalgesia, and the model is recommended for future experimental and pharmacological pain studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Andresen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Center of Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Matias Nilsson
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Center of Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Klitgaard Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Center of Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dorte Lassen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Center of Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Center of Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Brown MT, Herrmann DN, Goldstein M, Burr AM, Smith MD, West CR, Verburg KM, Dyck PJ. Nerve safety of tanezumab, a nerve growth factor inhibitor for pain treatment. J Neurol Sci 2014; 345:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mingin GC, Peterson A, Erickson CS, Nelson MT, Vizzard MA. Social stress induces changes in urinary bladder function, bladder NGF content, and generalized bladder inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R893-900. [PMID: 25100077 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00500.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Social stress may play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we explored changes in bladder function caused by social stress using mouse models of stress and increasing stress. In the stress paradigm, individual submissive FVB mice were exposed to C57BL/6 aggressor mice directly/indirectly for 1 h/day for 2 or 4 wk. Increased stress was induced by continuous, direct/indirect exposure of FVB mice to aggressor mice for 2 wk. Stressed FVB mice exhibited nonvoiding bladder contractions and a decrease in both micturition interval (increased voiding frequency) and bladder capacity compared with control animals. ELISAs demonstrated a significant increase in histamine protein expression with no change in nerve growth factor protein expression in the urinary bladder compared with controls. Unlike stressed mice, mice exposed to an increased stress paradigm exhibited increased bladder capacities and intermicturition intervals (decreased voiding frequency). Both histamine and nerve growth factor protein expression were significantly increased with increased stress compared with control bladders. The change in bladder function from increased voiding frequency to decreased voiding frequency with increased stress intensity suggests that changes in social stress-induced urinary bladder dysfunction are context and duration dependent. In addition, changes in the bladder inflammatory milieu with social stress may be important contributors to changes in urinary bladder function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Mingin
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; Vermont Children's Hospital, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Abbey Peterson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | - Cuixia Shi Erickson
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Margaret A Vizzard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and
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Tyagi P, Kashyap MP, Kawamorita N, Yoshizawa T, Chancellor M, Yoshimura N. Intravesical liposome and antisense treatment for detrusor overactivity and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 2014:601653. [PMID: 24527221 PMCID: PMC3914518 DOI: 10.1155/2014/601653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The following review focuses on the recent advancements in intravesical drug delivery, which brings added benefit to the therapy of detrusor overactivity and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). Results. Intravesical route is a preferred route of administration for restricting the action of extremely potent drugs like DMSO for patients of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) and botulinum toxin for detrusor overactivity. Patients who are either refractory to oral treatment or need to mitigate the adverse effects encountered with conventional routes of administration also chose this route. Its usefulness in some cases can be limited by vehicle (carrier) toxicity or short duration of action. Efforts have been underway to overcome these limitations by developing liposome platform for intravesical delivery of biotechnological products including antisense oligonucleotides. Conclusions. Adoption of forward-thinking approaches can achieve advancements in drug delivery systems targeted to future improvement in pharmacotherapy of bladder diseases. Latest developments in the field of nanotechnology can bring this mode of therapy from second line of treatment for refractory cases to the forefront of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Chancellor
- Department of Urology, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Boyuk B, Degirmencioglu S, Atalay H, Guzel S, Acar A, Celebi A, Ekizoglu I, Simsek C. Relationship between levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:978143. [PMID: 25587547 PMCID: PMC4283269 DOI: 10.1155/2014/978143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Studies have suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum BDNF levels and various metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 88 T2DM patients and 33 healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the patients and the control group. The serum levels of BDNF were measured with an ELISA kit. The current paper introduces a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) generalization curve to identify cut-off for the BDNF values in type 2 diabetes patients. RESULTS The serum levels of BDNF were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in the healthy controls (206.81 ± 107.32 pg/mL versus 130.84 ± 59.81 pg/mL; P < 0.001). They showed a positive correlation with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.28; P < 0.05), the triglyceride level (r = 0.265; P < 0.05), and white blood cell (WBC) count (r = 0.35; P < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, age (P < 0.05), body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.05), and BDNF (P < 0.01) were independently associated with T2DM. In ROC curve analysis, BDNF cut-off was 137. CONCLUSION The serum BDNF level was higher in patients with T2DM. The BDNF had a cut-off value of 137. The findings suggest that BDNF may contribute to glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Boyuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Siraselviler Caddesi No. 112, 34433 Istanbul, Turkey
- *Banu Boyuk:
| | - Serife Degirmencioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Siraselviler Caddesi No. 112, 34433 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Atalay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Siraselviler Caddesi No. 112, 34433 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Savas Guzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Namik Kemal University, Turkey
| | - Ayse Acar
- Department of Biochemistry, Namik Kemal University, Turkey
| | - Aslan Celebi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Siraselviler Caddesi No. 112, 34433 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ekizoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Siraselviler Caddesi No. 112, 34433 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caglar Simsek
- Department of Diabetic Patient Education and Care Policlinic, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
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Collins LR, Koven NS. Urinary BDNF-to-creatinine ratio is associated with aerobic fitness. Neurosci Lett 2014; 559:169-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Narayanan R, Yepuru M, Coss CC, Wu Z, Bauler MN, Barrett CM, Mohler ML, Wang Y, Kim J, Snyder LM, He Y, Levy N, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Discovery and preclinical characterization of novel small molecule TRK and ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83380. [PMID: 24386191 PMCID: PMC3873281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), in response to their growth factor ligands, phosphorylate and activate downstream signals important for physiological development and pathological transformation. Increased expression, activating mutations and rearrangement fusions of RTKs lead to cancer, inflammation, pain, neurodegenerative diseases, and other disorders. Activation or over-expression of ALK, ROS1, TRK (A, B, and C), and RET are associated with oncogenic phenotypes of their respective tissues, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Cancer cDNA array studies demonstrated over-expression of TRK-A and ROS1 in a variety of cancers, compared to their respective normal tissue controls. We synthesized a library of small molecules that inhibit the above indicated RTKs with picomolar to nanomolar potency. The lead molecule GTx-186 inhibited RTK-dependent cancer cell and tumor growth. In vitro and in vivo growth of TRK-A-dependent IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells and ROS1-overexpressing NIH3T3 cells were inhibited by GTx-186. GTx-186 also inhibited inflammatory signals mediated by NFκB, AP-1, and TRK-A and potently reduced atopic dermatitis and air-pouch inflammation in mice and rats. Moreover, GTx-186 effectively inhibited ALK phosphorylation and ALK-dependent cancer cell growth. Collectively, the RTK inhibitor GTx-186 has a unique kinase profile with potential to treat cancer, inflammation, and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Narayanan
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Muralimohan Yepuru
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Zhongzhi Wu
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Matthew N. Bauler
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Barrett
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Mohler
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yun Wang
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Linda M. Snyder
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yali He
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nelson Levy
- Chembridge Research Laboratory, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Duane D. Miller
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James T. Dalton
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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Shinoda M, Iwata K. Neural communication in the trigeminal ganglion contributes to ectopic orofacial pain. J Oral Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang LW, Han XM, Chen CH, Ma Y, Hai B. Urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a potential biomarker for objective diagnosis of overactive bladder. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 46:341-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kashyap M, Kawamorita N, Tyagi V, Sugino Y, Chancellor M, Yoshimura N, Tyagi P. Down-regulation of nerve growth factor expression in the bladder by antisense oligonucleotides as new treatment for overactive bladder. J Urol 2013; 190:757-64. [PMID: 23454160 PMCID: PMC3734554 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nerve growth factor over expression in the bladder has a role in overactive bladder symptoms via the mediation of functional changes in bladder afferent pathways. We studied whether blocking nerve growth factor over expression in bladder urothelium by a sequence specific gene silencing mechanism would suppress bladder overactivity and chemokine expression induced by acetic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley® rats anesthetized with isoflurane were instilled with 0.5 ml saline, scrambled or TYE™ 563 labeled antisense oligonucleotide targeting nerve growth factor (12 μM) alone or complexed with cationic liposomes for 30 minutes. The efficacy of nerve growth factor antisense treatments for acetic acid induced bladder overactivity was assessed by cystometry. Bladder nerve growth factor expression levels and cellular distribution were quantified by immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Effects on bladder chemokine expression were measured by Luminex® xMAP® analysis. RESULTS Liposomes were needed for bladder uptake of oligonucleotide, as seen by the absence of bright red TYE 563 fluorescence in rats instilled with oligonucleotide alone. At 24 hours after liposome-oligonucleotide treatment baseline bladder activity during saline infusion was indistinct in the sham and antisense treated groups with a mean ± SEM intercontraction interval of 348 ± 55 and 390 ± 120 seconds, respectively. Acetic acid induced bladder overactivity was shown by a decrease in the intercontraction interval to a mean of 33.2% ± 4.0% of baseline in sham treated rats. However, the reduction was blunted to a mean of 75.8% ± 3.4% of baseline in rats treated with liposomal antisense oligonucleotide (p <0.05). Acetic acid induced increased nerve growth factor in the urothelium of sham treated rats, which was decreased by antisense treatment, as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reduced nerve growth factor immunoreactivity in the urothelium. Increased nerve growth factor in bladder tissue was associated with sICAM-1, sE-selectin, CXCL-10 and 1, leptin, MCP-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor over expression, which was significantly decreased by nerve growth factor antisense treatment (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Acetic acid induced bladder overactivity is associated with nerve growth factor over expression in the urothelium and with chemokine up-regulation. Treatment with liposomal antisense suppresses bladder overactivity, and nerve growth factor and chemokine expression. Local suppression of nerve growth factor in the bladder could be an attractive approach for overactive bladder. It would avoid the systemic side effects that may be associated with nonspecific blockade of nerve growth factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Tyagi
- Departments of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and William Beaumont Oakland University School of Medicine (VT, MC), Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Yoshio Sugino
- Departments of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and William Beaumont Oakland University School of Medicine (VT, MC), Royal Oak, Michigan
| | | | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Departments of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and William Beaumont Oakland University School of Medicine (VT, MC), Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Correspondence: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (telephone: 412-692-4119; FAX: 412-692-4380; )
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Osikowicz M, Longo G, Allard S, Cuello AC, Ribeiro-da-Silva A. Inhibition of endogenous NGF degradation induces mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Mol Pain 2013; 9:37. [PMID: 23889761 PMCID: PMC3737061 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown a sprouting of sympathetic fibers into the upper dermis of the skin following subcutaneous injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hindpaw. This sprouting correlated with an increase in pain-related sensitivity. We hypothesized that this sprouting and pain-related behavior were caused by an increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) levels. In this study, we investigated whether the inhibition of mature NGF degradation, using a matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP-2/9) inhibitor, was sufficient to reproduce a similar phenotype. Results Behavioral tests performed on male Sprague–Dawley rats at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after intra-plantar MMP-2/9 inhibitor administration demonstrated that acute and chronic injections of the MMP-2/9 inhibitor induced sensitization, in a dose dependent manner, to mechanical, hot and cold stimuli as measured by von Frey filaments, Hargreaves and acetone tests, respectively. Moreover, the protein levels of mature NGF (mNGF) were increased, whereas the levels and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 were reduced in the glabrous skin of the hind paw. MMP-2/9 inhibition also led to a robust sprouting of sympathetic fibers into the upper dermis but there were no changes in the density of peptidergic nociceptive afferents. Conclusions These findings indicate that localized MMP-2/9 inhibition provokes a pattern of sensitization and fiber sprouting comparable to that previously obtained following CFA injection. Accordingly, the modulation of endogenous NGF levels should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the management of inflammatory pain associated with arthritis.
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Cruz CD. Neurotrophins in bladder function: what do we know and where do we go from here? Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:39-45. [PMID: 23775873 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neurotrophins (NTs) have attracted considerable attention in the urologic community. The reason for this resides in the recognition of their ability to induce plastic changes of the neuronal circuits that govern bladder function. In many pathologic states, urinary symptoms, including urgency and urinary frequency, reflect abnormal activity of bladder sensory afferents that results from neuroplastic changes. Accordingly, in pathologies associated with increased sensory input, such as the overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) or bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), significant amounts of NTs have been found in the bladder wall. METHODS Here, current knowledge about the importance of NTs in bladder function will be reviewed, with a focus on the most well-studied NTs, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). RESULTS Both NTs are present in the bladder and regulate bladder sensory afferents and urothelial cells. Experimental models of bladder dysfunction show that upregulation of these NTs is strongly linked to bladder hyperactivity and, in some cases, pain. NT manipulation has been tested in animal models of bladder dysfunction, and recently, NGF downregulation, achieved by administration of a monoclonal antibody, has also been tested in patients with BPS/IC and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). NTs have also been found in high quantities in the urine of OAB and BPS/IC patients, raising the possibility of NTs serving as biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Available data show that our knowledge of NTs has greatly increased in recent years and that some results may have future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Duarte Cruz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Merrill L, Malley S, Vizzard MA. Repeated variate stress in male rats induces increased voiding frequency, somatic sensitivity, and urinary bladder nerve growth factor expression. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R147-56. [PMID: 23657640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00089.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stress exacerbates symptoms of functional lower urinary tract disorders including interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and overactive bladder (OAB) in humans, but mechanisms contributing to symptom worsening are unknown. These studies address stress-induced changes in the structure and function of the micturition reflex using an animal model of stress in male rats. Rats were exposed to 7 days of repeated variate stress (RVS). Target organ (urinary bladder, thymus, adrenal gland) tissues were collected and weighed following RVS. Evans blue (EB) concentration and histamine, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), and CXCL12 protein content (ELISA) were measured in the urinary bladder, and somatic sensitivity of the hindpaw and pelvic regions was determined following RVS. Bladder function was evaluated using continuous, open outlet intravesical infusion of saline in conscious rats. Increases in body weight gain were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) attenuated by day 5 of RVS, and adrenal weight was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased. Histamine, MPO, NGF, and CXCL12 protein expression was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased in the urinary bladder after RVS. Somatic sensitivity of the hindpaw and pelvic regions was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased at all monofilament forces tested (0.1-4 g) after RVS. Intercontraction interval, infused volume, and void volume were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased after RVS. These studies demonstrate increased voiding frequency, histamine, MPO, NGF, and CXCL12 bladder content and somatic sensitivity after RVS suggesting an inflammatory component to stress-induced changes in bladder function and somatic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Merrill
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Dang K, Bielefeldt K, Gebhart GF. Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis reduces ASIC channel but enhances TRPV1 receptor function in rat bladder sensory neurons. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:408-17. [PMID: 23636721 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00945.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using patch-clamp techniques, we studied the plasticity of acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) and transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channel function in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons retrogradely labeled from the bladder. Saline (control) or cyclophosphamide (CYP) was given intraperitoneally on days 1, 3, and 5. On day 6, lumbosacral (LS, L6-S2) or thoracolumbar (TL, T13-L2) DRG were removed and dissociated. Bladders and bladder DRG neurons from CYP-treated rats showed signs of inflammation (greater myeloperoxidase activity; lower intramuscular wall pH) and increased size (whole cell capacitance), respectively, compared with controls. Most bladder neurons (>90%) responded to protons and capsaicin. Protons produced multiphasic currents with distinct kinetics, whereas capsaicin always triggered a sustained response. The TRPV1 receptor antagonist A-425619 abolished capsaicin-triggered currents and raised the threshold of heat-activated currents. Prolonged exposure to an acidic environment (pH range: 7.2 to 6.6) inhibited proton-evoked currents, potentiated the capsaicin-evoked current, and reduced the threshold of heat-activated currents in LS and TL bladder neurons. CYP treatment reduced density but not kinetics of all current components triggered by pH 5. In contrast, CYP-treatment was associated with an increased current density in response to capsaicin in LS and TL bladder neurons. Correspondingly, heat triggered current at a significantly lower temperature in bladder neurons from CYP-treated rats compared with controls. These results reveal that cystitis differentially affects TRPV1- and ASIC-mediated currents in both bladder sensory pathways. Acidification of the bladder wall during inflammation may contribute to changes in nociceptive transmission mediated through the TRPV1 receptor, suggesting a role for TRPV1 in hypersensitivity associated with cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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McKelvey L, Shorten GD, O'Keeffe GW. Nerve growth factor-mediated regulation of pain signalling and proposed new intervention strategies in clinical pain management. J Neurochem 2013; 124:276-89. [PMID: 23157347 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the founding member of the neurotrophins family of proteins. It was discovered more than half a century ago through its ability to promote sensory and sympathetic neuronal survival and axonal growth during the development of the peripheral nervous system, and is the paradigmatic target-derived neurotrophic factor on which the neurotrophic hypothesis is based. Since that time, NGF has also been shown to play a key role in the generation of acute and chronic pain and in hyperalgesia in diverse pain states. NGF is expressed at high levels in damaged or inflamed tissues and facilitates pain transmission by nociceptive neurons through a variety of mechanisms. Genetic mutations in NGF or its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA, lead to a congenital insensitivity or a decreased ability of humans to perceive pain. The hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) encompass a spectrum of neuropathies that affect one's ability to perceive sensation. HSAN type IV and HSAN type V are caused by mutations in TrkA and NGF respectively. This review will focus firstly on the biology of NGF and its role in pain modulation. We will review neuropathies and clinical presentations that result from the disruption of NGF signalling in HSAN type IV and HSAN type V and review current advances in developing anti-NGF therapy for the clinical management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McKelvey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Kuo HC, Liu HT, Shie JH. Potential urine and serum biomarkers for patients with overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Tzu Chi Med J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
A biomarker is an indicator of a particular disease. It is generally used to define the presence (diagnostic biomarker), severity, progression (prognostic biomarker) of a condition and/or its response to a specific treatment (predictive biomarker). Biomarkers can be specific cells, enzymes, hormones, genes or gene products, which can be detected and measured in parts of the body such as blood, urine or tissue. Therefore, biomarkers have been suggested to play an important role in both the clinical assessment and the management of patients, as well as in the research setting. Recently, interest has gathered in urinary biomarkers as a tool to assess overactive bladder (OAB), potentially playing a role in the diagnosis, disease progression and monitoring response to treatment. Urinary biomarkers identified so far include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), prostaglandins, cytokines and C-reactive protein. The aim of this review was to review the published literature on biomarkers in OAB. A literature review using Pub Med, clinicaltrials.gov and the controlled trials online registries was performed from 1970 up to June 2012. The search keywords were: the International Continence Society (ICS) definition of "OAB", "nerve growth fac- tor" (NGF), "brain derived growth factor" (BDNF), "prostaglandins," "cytokines," "genetic biomarkers" and "C reactive protein".The results were limited for fully published English-language articles. The search was then subsequently expanded to include urinary biomarkers in interstitial cystitis and bladder pain where relevant. Each of the studies/articles was reviewed, interpreted and discussed to consider the role of urinary biomarkers in OAB. Using the search criteria, a total of 20 studies (animal and human) that investigated the role of urinary biomarkers in OAB were identified. Full text versions of these articles were obtained and reviewed. Studies on NGF suggested that urinary levels were higher in OAB patients and decreased with antimuscarinic and botulinum toxin treatment. BDNF studies have demonstrated raised levels in OAB and also increased levels in situations of acute bladder inflammation. The role of urinary prostaglandins, cytokines and CRP does not appear to be specific to the OAB disease process according to the current available evidence. Based on the evidence so far NGF and BDNF appear to be the most promising biomarkers in OAB. Although still in their infancy these neurotrophic factors could potentially diagnose OAB, replacing urodynamics and aiding in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment in addition to clinical symptoms.
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Shie JH, Kuo HC. Pathologic mechanism of the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin A on interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome. Tzu Chi Med J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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