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Wu B, Yang X, Chen F, Song Z, Ding X, Wang X. Apolipoprotein E is a prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer and associates with immune infiltration. Cytokine 2024; 179:156628. [PMID: 38704962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression level of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its effect on the prognosis of PDAC patients are not clear. The effect of APOE on the immune status of patients with PDAC has not been elucidated. METHODS We obtained pancreatic cancer data from the TCGA and GETx databases. Patients with PDAC who underwent pancreatic surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University between 2012 and 2021 were included. Clinical pathological data were recorded, plasma APOE levels were measured, and tissue samples were collected. A tissue microarray was generated using the collected tissue samples. APOE and CD4 staining was performed to determine immunoreactive scores (IRSs). The expression of APOE in the plasma and tumour tissues of pancreatic cancer patients was analysed and compared. The correlations between plasma APOE levels, tissue APOE levels and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed. Survival prognosis was analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate regression analysis. The correlations between APOE expression levels and immune biomarkers and immune cells were further analysed. Single-cell analysis of APOE distribution in various cells was performed on the TISCH website. RESULTS APOE was highly expressed in the tumour tissue of pancreatic cancer patients, and high plasma APOE levels were associated with poor prognosis. Females, patients with high-grade disease and patients with pancreatic head carcinoma had high plasma APOE levels. High APOE expression in tumour tissues was associated with good prognosis. Mononuclear macrophages in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment primarily expressed APOE. APOE levels positively correlated with immune biomarkers, such as CD8A, PDCD1, GZMA, CXCL10, and CXCL9, in the tumour microenvironment. APOE promoted CD4 + T cell or dendritic cell infiltration in the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS APOE may affect the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer by regulating the infiltration of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Song
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Ding
- Department of Hospital Sense,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China.
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Ploypetch S, Wongbandue G, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Prapaiwan N. Comparative Serum Proteome Profiling of Canine Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia before and after Castration. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3853. [PMID: 38136890 PMCID: PMC10740436 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BPH is the most prevalent prostatic condition in aging dogs. Nevertheless, clinical diagnosis and management remain inconsistent. This study employed in-solution digestion coupled with nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to assess serum proteome profiling of dogs with BPH and those dogs after castration. Male dogs were divided into two groups; control and BPH groups. In the BPH group, each dog was evaluated at two time points: Day 0 (BF subgroup) and Day 30 after castration (AT subgroup). In the BF subgroup, three proteins were significantly upregulated and associated with dihydrotestosterone: solute carrier family 5 member 5, tyrosine-protein kinase, and FRAT regulator of WNT signaling pathway 1. Additionally, the overexpression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptors in the BF subgroup hints at its potential as a novel protein linked to the BPH development process. Conversely, alpha-1-B glycoprotein (A1BG) displayed significant downregulation in the BF subgroup, suggesting A1BG's potential as a predictive protein for canine BPH. Finasteride was associated with increased proteins in the AT subgroup, including apolipoprotein C-I, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-II, TAO kinase 1, DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 16, PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1, neuregulin 1, and pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1. In conclusion, this pilot study highlighted alterations in various serum proteins in canine BPH, reflecting different pathological changes occurring in this condition. These proteins could be a source of potential non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekkarin Ploypetch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Grisnarong Wongbandue
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Nawarus Prapaiwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.P.); (G.W.)
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Singh S, Joshi V, Upadhyay A. Amyloids and brain cancer: molecular linkages and crossovers. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20230489. [PMID: 37335084 PMCID: PMC10548166 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are high-order proteinaceous formations deposited in both intra- and extracellular spaces. These aggregates have tendencies to deregulate cellular physiology in multiple ways; for example, altered metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunctions, immune modulation, etc. When amyloids are formed in brain tissues, the endpoint often is death of neurons. However, interesting but least understood is a close connection of amyloids with another set of conditions in which brain cells proliferate at an extraordinary rate and form tumor inside brain. Glioblastoma is one such condition. Increasing number of evidence indicate a possible link between amyloid formation and depositions in brain tumors. Several proteins associated with cell cycle regulation and apoptotic pathways themselves have shown to possess high tendencies to form amyloids. Tumor suppressor protein p53 is one prominent example that mutate, oligomerize and form amyloids leading to loss- or gain-of-functions and cause increased cell proliferation and malignancies. In this review article, we present available examples, genetic links and common pathways that indicate that possibly the two distantly placed pathways: amyloid formation and developing cancers in the brain have similarities and are mechanistically intertwined together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jheepasani, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, U.S.A
| | - Vibhuti Joshi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jheepasani, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jheepasani, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, U.S.A
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4
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A Label-Free Proteomic Approach for the Identification of Biomarkers in the Exosome of Endometrial Cancer Serum. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246262. [PMID: 36551747 PMCID: PMC9776976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancers (ECs) are mostly adenocarcinomas arising from the inner part of the uterus. The identification of serum biomarkers, either soluble or carried in the exosome, may be useful in making an early diagnosis. We used label-free quantification mass spectrometry (LFQ-MS)-based proteomics to investigate the proteome of exosomes in the albumin-depleted serum from 12 patients with EC, as compared to 12 healthy controls. After quantification and statistical analysis, we found significant changes in the abundance (p < 0.05) of 33 proteins in EC vs. control samples, with a fold change of ≥1.5 or ≤0.6. Validation using Western blotting analysis in 36 patients with EC as compared to 36 healthy individuals confirmed the upregulation of APOA1, HBB, CA1, HBD, LPA, SAA4, PF4V1, and APOE. A multivariate logistic regression model based on the abundance of these proteins was able to separate the controls from the EC patients with excellent sensitivity levels, particularly for stage 1 ECs. The results show that using LFQ-MS to explore the specific proteome of serum exosomes allows for the identification of biomarkers in EC. These observations suggest that PF4V1, CA1, HBD, and APOE represent biomarkers that are able to reach the clinical stage, after a validation phase.
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Wu X, Srinivasan P, Basu M, Zhang P, Saruwatari M, Thommandru B, Jacobi A, Behlke M, Sandler A. Tumor Apolipoprotein E is a key checkpoint blocking anti-tumor immunity in mouse melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:991790. [PMID: 36341364 PMCID: PMC9626815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a key modality in the treatment of cancer, but many tumors remain immune resistant. The classic mouse model of B16-F10 melanoma is immune resistant even in the face of checkpoint inhibition. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a known immune suppressant is strikingly elevated in many human tumors, but its role in cancer immunology is not defined. We investigated the role of apoE in the immune micro-environment using a mouse melanoma model. We demonstrate that ApoE is -highly expressed in wild-type B16-F10 melanoma and serum levels progressively increase as tumors grow. The conditioned media from wild type ApoE secreting melanoma cells suppress T-cell activation in vitro while this suppressive effect is absent in conditioned media from ApoE knock out tumor cells. Mechanistically, apoE induces IL-10 secreting dendritic cells and stimulates T-cell apoptosis and arrest partially via the lrp8 receptor. Ablating ApoE in mice inoculated with tumor cells enabled tumor cell rejection and was associated with induction of immune pathway activation and immune cell infiltration. Tumor secreted apoE appears to be a potent immune cell checkpoint and targeting apoE is associated with enhanced tumor immunity in the mouse melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- The Joseph E. Robert Jr. Center for Surgical Care and The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Priya Srinivasan
- The Joseph E. Robert Jr. Center for Surgical Care and The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mousumi Basu
- The Joseph E. Robert Jr. Center for Surgical Care and The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Michele Saruwatari
- The Joseph E. Robert Jr. Center for Surgical Care and The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Ashley Jacobi
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Mark Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Anthony Sandler
- The Joseph E. Robert Jr. Center for Surgical Care and The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony Sandler,
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6
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Xiao Z, Zhao H. Ferroptosis-Related APOE, BCL3 and ALOX5AP Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:157-165. [PMID: 35241926 PMCID: PMC8887669 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s352225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the ferroptosis-related genes apolipoprotein E (APOE), BCL3 transcription coactivator (BCL3) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) and the risk of thyroid cancer. Methods Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOE (rs429358 and rs7412), BCL3 (rs34698726 and rs8100239) and ALOX5AP (rs4076128 and rs4073259) were genotyped in 520 papillary thyroid carcinoma cases and 520 healthy controls using the MassARRAY platform. Results The rs429358-TC, rs34698726-TA/TT, and rs8100239-AT/AA genotypes exhibited an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (prs429358 = 0.002, prs34698726 = 0.007, prs8100239 = 0.002), while rs7412-CT/TT and rs4076128-GA/GG were found to be protective genotypes against the risk of disease (prs7412 = 0.0003, prs4076128 = 0.0001). Genetic model analysis showed that APOE-rs429358 was correlated with an increased risk of disease under dominant and log-additive models (pdominant = 0.0004, plog-additive = 0.0006). BCL3-s34698726 and rs8100239 were associated with an elevated risk of disease under all three genetic models (p < 0.05). In contrast, APOE-rs7412 was related to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer under dominant and log-additive models (pdominant = 0.0001, plog-additive = 0.0001). Moreover, ALOX5AP-rs4076128 was also correlated with a reduced risk of disease under all three genetic models (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results help us better understand how genetic polymorphisms in ferroptosis-related genes are relevant to thyroid cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Xiao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhifu Xiao, Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, 29 Shuangtasi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 0351-4960327, Email
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Central Lab, General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030003, People’s Republic of China
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Pucci C, Marino A, Şen Ö, De Pasquale D, Bartolucci M, Iturrioz-Rodríguez N, di Leo N, de Vito G, Debellis D, Petretto A, Ciofani G. Ultrasound-responsive nutlin-loaded nanoparticles for combined chemotherapy and piezoelectric treatment of glioblastoma cells. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:218-236. [PMID: 33894347 PMCID: PMC7612320 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, represents the most aggressive primary brain tumor. The complex genetic heterogeneity, the acquired drug resistance, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limit the efficacy of the current therapies, with effectiveness demonstrated only in a small subset of patients. To overcome these issues, here we propose an anticancer approach based on ultrasound-responsive drug-loaded organic piezoelectric nanoparticles. This anticancer nanoplatform consists of nutlin-3a-loaded ApoE-functionalized P(VDF-TrFE) nanoparticles, that can be remotely activated with ultrasound-based mechanical stimulations to induce drug release and to locally deliver anticancer electric cues. The combination of chemotherapy treatment with chronic piezoelectric stimulation resulted in activation of cell apoptosis and anti-proliferation pathways, induction of cell necrosis, inhibition of cancer migration, and reduction of cell invasiveness in drug-resistant GBM cells. Obtained results pave the way for the use of innovative multifunctional nanomaterials in less invasive and more focused anticancer treatments, able to reduce drug resistance in GBM.
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8
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Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Liquid Biopsy-Based Diagnosis for the Central Nervous System, Head and Neck, Lung, and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112792. [PMID: 34205183 PMCID: PMC8200014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To improve clinical outcomes, early diagnosis is mandatory in cancer patients. Several diagnostic approaches have been proposed, however, the main drawback relies on the invasive procedures required. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer lipid membrane structures released by almost all cells and transferred to remote sites via the bloodstream. The observation that their cargo reflects the cell of origin has opened a new frontier for non-invasive biomarker discovery in oncology. Moreover, since EVs can be recovered from different body fluids, their impact as a Correctdiagnostic tool has gained particular interest. Hence, in the last decade, several studies using different biological fluids have been performed, showing the valuable contributions of EVs as tumour biomarkers, and their improved diagnostic power when combined with currently available tumour markers. In this review, the most relevant data on the diagnostic relevance of EVs, alone or in combination with the well-established tumour markers, are discussed. Abstract Early diagnosis, along with innovative treatment options, are crucial to increase the overall survival of cancer patients. In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained great interest in biomarker discovery. EVs are bilayer lipid membrane limited structures, released by almost all cell types, including cancer cells. The EV cargo, which consists of RNAs, proteins, DNA, and lipids, directly mirrors the cells of origin. EVs can be recovered from several body fluids, including blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), by non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches, and are therefore proposed as feasible cancer diagnostic tools. In this review, methodologies for EV isolation and characterization and their impact as diagnostics for the central nervous system, head and neck, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers are outlined. For each of these tumours, recent data on the potential clinical applications of the EV’s unique cargo, alone or in combination with currently available tumour biomarkers, have been deeply discussed.
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Phang CW, Abd Malek SN, Karsani SA. Flavokawain C exhibits anti-tumor effects on in vivo HCT 116 xenograft and identification of its apoptosis-linked serum biomarkers via proteomic analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:110846. [PMID: 33761587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives belong to the flavonoid family. They have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties and some have been approved for clinical use. In this study, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of flavokawain C (FKC), a naturally occurring chalcone found in Kava (Piper methysticum Forst) was evaluated in HCT 116 cells (colon carcinoma). We also attempted to identify potential biomarkers and/or molecular targets in serum with applicability in predicting treatment outcome. The anti-tumor effects and toxicity of FKC were assessed using the xenograft nude mice model. Cisplatin was used as positive control. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities were then evaluated in tumor tissues treated with FKC. Furthermore, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS was performed to compare the serum proteome profiles between healthy nude mice and nude mice bearing HCT 116 tumor treated with vehicle solution and FKC, respectively. Our results showed that FKC treatment significantly inhibited HCT 116 tumor growth. In vivo toxicity studies showed that administration of FKC did not cause damage to major organs and had no significant effect on body weight. FKC was found to induce apoptosis in tumor, and this was associated with increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and decreased expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues. Our proteomic analysis identified five proteins that changed in abundance - Ig mu chain C region (secreted form), GRP78, hemopexin, kininogen-1 and apolipoprotein E. Overall, our findings demonstrated the potential of FKC as an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Weng Phang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sri Nurestri Abd Malek
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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10
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Ren L, Yi J, Li W, Zheng X, Liu J, Wang J, Du G. Apolipoproteins and cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7032-7043. [PMID: 31573738 PMCID: PMC6853823 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of apolipoproteins in cardiovascular disease has been well investigated, but their participation in cancer has only been explored in a few published studies which showed a close link with certain kinds of cancer. In this review, we focused on the function of different kinds of apolipoproteins in cancers, autophagy, oxidative stress, and drug resistance. The potential application of apolipoproteins as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis was highlighted, together with an investigation of their potential as drug targets for cancer treatment. Many important roles of apolipoproteins and their mechanisms in cancers were reviewed in detail and future perspectives of apolipoprotein research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Zhao Z, Zou S, Guan X, Wang M, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Li C, Lin H, Liu X, Yang R, Gao Y, Wang X. Apolipoprotein E Overexpression Is Associated With Tumor Progression and Poor Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2018; 9:650. [PMID: 30631342 PMCID: PMC6315167 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a key role in tumorigenesis and progression, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. ApoE overexpression was associated with aggressive biological behaviors and poor prognosis in a variety of tumor according to previous studies. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value and explore the potential relationship with tumor progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). We collected the expression profiling microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), investigated the ApoE expression pattern between the primary CRC and liver metastasis of CRC, and then explored the gene with prognostic significance based on the TCGA database. ApoE high expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS, p = 0.015) and progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.004) based on the public databases. Next, ApoE expression was evaluated in two CRC cohorts by immunohistochemistry, of whom 306 cases were stage II and 201 cases were metastatic liver CRC. In the cohort of the liver metastasis, the ApoE expression was increasing in normal mucosa tissue, primary colorectal cancer (PC), and colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in order. Meanwhile, the level of ApoE expression in stage II tumor sample which had no progression evidence in 5 years was lower than that in PC of synchronous liver metastases. The high ApoE expression in PC was an independent risk factor in both stage II (HR = 2.023, [95% CI 1.297–3.154], p = 0.002; HR = 1.883, [95% CI 1.295-2.737], p = 0.001; OS and PFS respectively) and simultaneous liver metastasis (HR = 1.559, [95% CI 1.096–2.216], p = 0.013; HR = 1.541, [95% CI 1.129–2.104], p = 0.006; OS and PFS respectively). However, the overexpression of ApoE could not predict the benefit from the chemotherapy in stage II. The study revealed that the relevance of the ApoE overexpression in CRC progression, conferring a poor prognosis in CRC patients especially for stage II and simultaneous liver metastasis. These finding may improve the prognostic stratification of patients for clinical strategy selection and promote CRC clinic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuangmei Zou
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Lin
- Genesis (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runkun Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Osti D, Del Bene M, Rappa G, Santos M, Matafora V, Richichi C, Faletti S, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov A, Bachi A, Fornasari L, Bongetta D, Gaetani P, DiMeco F, Lorico A, Pelicci G. Clinical Significance of Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma from Glioblastoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:266-276. [PMID: 30287549 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. The identification of blood biomarkers reflecting the tumor status represents a major unmet need for optimal clinical management of patients with GBM. Their high number in body fluids, their stability, and the presence of many tumor-associated proteins and RNAs make extracellular vesicles potentially optimal biomarkers. Here, we investigated the potential role of plasma extracellular vesicles from patients with GBM for diagnosis and follow-up after treatment and as a prognostic tool. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma from healthy controls (n = 33), patients with GBM (n = 43), and patients with different central nervous system malignancies (n = 25) were collected. Extracellular vesicles were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized in terms of morphology by transmission electron microscopy, concentration, and size by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and protein composition by mass spectrometry. An orthotopic mouse model of human GBM confirmed human plasma extracellular vesicle quantifications. Associations between plasma extracellular vesicle concentration and clinicopathologic features of patients with GBM were analyzed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS GBM releases heterogeneous extracellular vesicles detectable in plasma. Plasma extracellular vesicle concentration was higher in GBM compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001), brain metastases (P < 0.001), and extra-axial brain tumors (P < 0.001). After surgery, a significant drop in plasma extracellular vesicle concentration was measured (P < 0.001). Plasma extracellular vesicle concentration was also increased in GBM-bearing mice (P < 0.001). Proteomic profiling revealed a GBM-distinctive signature. CONCLUSIONS Higher extracellular vesicle plasma levels may assist in GBM clinical diagnosis: their reduction after GBM resection, their rise at recurrence, and their protein cargo might provide indications about tumor, therapy response, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Osti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Del Bene
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Mark Santos
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | | | - Cristina Richichi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Faletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornasari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bongetta
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaetani
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada.,Mediterranean Institute of Oncology Foundation, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy
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13
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Li Y, Wu M, Zhang N, Tang C, Jiang P, Liu X, Yan F, Zheng H. Mechanisms of enhanced antiglioma efficacy of polysorbate 80-modified paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by focused ultrasound. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4171-4182. [PMID: 29956460 PMCID: PMC6111803 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits the availability of drugs and their efficacy against glioma. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can induce transient and local BBB opening for enhanced drug delivery. Here, we developed polysorbate 80-modified paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PS-80-PTX-NPs, PPNP) and examined the enhanced local delivery into the brain for glioma treatment by combining with FUS. Our result showed PPNP had good stability, fast drug release rate and significant toxicity to glioma cells. Combined with FUS, PPNP showed a stronger BBB permeation efficiency both in the in vitro and in vivo BBB models. Mechanism studies revealed the disrupted tight junction, reduced P-glycoprotein expression and ApoE-dependent PS-80 permeation collectively contribute to the enhanced drug delivery, resulting in significantly stronger antitumour efficacy and longer survival time in the tumour-bearing mice. Our study provided a new strategy to efficiently and locally deliver drugs into the brain to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Li
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manxiang Wu
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nisi Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Tang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Henker C, Kriesen T, Fürst K, Goody D, Glass Ä, Pützer BM, Piek J. Effect of 10 different polymorphisms on preoperative volumetric characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2015; 126:585-92. [PMID: 26603163 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-2005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a distinct diversity between the appearance of every glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) on pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a potential impact on clinical outcome and survival of the patients. The object of this study was to determine the impact of 10 different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on various volumetric parameters in patients harboring a GBM. We prospectively analyzed 20 steroid-naïve adult patients who had been treated for newly diagnosed GBM. The volumetry was performed using MRI with the help of a semiautomated quantitative software measuring contrast enhancing tumor volume including necrosis, central necrosis alone and peritumoral edema (PTE). We calculated ratios between the tumor volume and edema (ETR), respectively necrosis (NTR). SNP analysis was done using genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood genotyped via PCR and sequencing. There was a strong correlation between tumor volume and PTE (p < 0.001), necrosis (p < 0.001) and NTR (p = 0.003). Age and sex had no influence on volumetric data. The Aquaporin 4-31G > A SNP had a significant influence on the ETR (p = 0.042) by decreasing the measured edema compared with the tumor volume. The Interleukin 8-251A > T SNP was significantly correlated with an increased tumor (p = 0.048), PTE (p = 0.033) and necrosis volume (p = 0.028). We found two SNPs with a distinct impact on pretreatment tumor characteristics, presenting a potential explanation for the individual diversity of GBM appearance on MRI and influence on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Henker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kriesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Fürst
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Deborah Goody
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jürgen Piek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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15
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Thuy MN, Kam JK, Lee GC, Tao PL, Ling DQ, Cheng M, Goh SK, Papachristos AJ, Shukla L, Wall KL, Smoll NR, Jones JJ, Gikenye N, Soh B, Moffat B, Johnson N, Drummond KJ. A novel literature-based approach to identify genetic and molecular predictors of survival in glioblastoma multiforme: Analysis of 14,678 patients using systematic review and meta-analytical tools. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:785-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Association of the apolipoprotein E 2 allele with concurrent occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:593658. [PMID: 25741405 PMCID: PMC4337044 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins with antioxidant properties may influence susceptibility to endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial carcinoma (ECa). Patients with EH (n = 89), EH concurrent with ECa (n = 76), ECa (n = 186), and healthy controls (n = 1110) were genotyped for five polymorphic variants in the genes involved in metabolism of lipoproteins (APOE Cys112Arg and Arg158Cys), iron (HFE Cys282Tyr and His63Asp), and catecholamines (COMT Val158Met). Patients and controls were matched by ethnicity (all Caucasians), age, body mass index (BMI), and incidence of hypertension and diabetes. The frequency of the APOE E 2 allele (158Cys) was higher in patients with EH + ECa than in controls (P = 0.0012, P(Bonferroni) = 0.018, OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.49-4.45). The APOE E 4 allele (112Arg) was more frequently found in patients with EH than in controls and HFE minor allele G (63Asp) had a protective effect in the ECa group, though these results appeared to be nonsignificant after correction for multiple comparisons. The results of the study indicate that E 2 allele might be associated with concurrent occurrence of EH and ECa.
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17
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Heroux MS, Chesnik MA, Halligan BD, Al-Gizawiy M, Connelly JM, Mueller WM, Rand SD, Cochran EJ, LaViolette PS, Malkin MG, Schmainda KM, Mirza SP. Comprehensive characterization of glioblastoma tumor tissues for biomarker identification using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:467-81. [PMID: 24803679 PMCID: PMC4587597 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease; glioblastoma (GBM) is no exception. Short survival, poor prognosis, and very limited treatment options make it imperative to unravel the disease pathophysiology. The critically important identification of proteins that mediate various cellular events during disease is made possible with advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. The objective of our study is to identify and characterize proteins that are differentially expressed in GBM to better understand their interactions and functions that lead to the disease condition. Further identification of upstream regulators will provide new potential therapeutic targets. We analyzed GBM tumors by SDS-PAGE fractionation with internal DNA markers followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Brain tissue specimens obtained for clinical purposes during epilepsy surgeries were used as controls, and the quantification of MS data was performed by label-free spectral counting. The differentially expressed proteins were further characterized by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify protein interactions, functions, and upstream regulators. Our study identified several important proteins that are involved in GBM progression. The IPA revealed glioma activation with z score 2.236 during unbiased core analysis. Upstream regulators STAT3 and SP1 were activated and CTNNα was inhibited. We verified overexpression of several proteins by immunoblot to complement the MS data. This work represents an important step towards the identification of GBM biomarkers, which could open avenues to identify therapeutic targets for better treatment of GBM patients. The workflow developed represents a powerful and efficient method to identify biomarkers in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime S Heroux
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Marla A Chesnik
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brian D Halligan
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mona Al-Gizawiy
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Wade M Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Scott D Rand
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth J Cochran
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Peter S LaViolette
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Mark G Malkin
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kathleen M Schmainda
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Shama P Mirza
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
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18
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Su WP, Chen YT, Lai WW, Lin CC, Yan JJ, Su WC. Apolipoprotein E expression promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation and migration and as a potential survival marker in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2011; 71:28-33. [PMID: 20430468 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many human lung cancer cell lines express apolipoprotein E (ApoE), especially cells derived from malignant pleural effusions (MPE) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ApoE expression on lung cancer. In lung cancer tissues, ApoE expression was more frequently found in malignant pleural effusions (MPE)-associated lung adenocarcinoma than in lung adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma without MPE (P<0.05), indicating that ApoE is associated with the pathogenesis of MPE in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Next, we examined the roles of ApoE in an MPE-derived lung adenocarcinoma cell line that endogenously over-expresses ApoE, PC14PE6/AS2 (AS2). In that experiment we inhibited ApoE expression by transfection of a plasmid carrying ApoE siRNAs into AS2 cells to generate AS-S2 and AS-S3 cells. Compared to vector-control cells and parental AS2 cells, AS2-S2 and AS2-S3 cells grew slower (P<0.05), were more sensitive to cisplatin, and had significantly impaired cellular migration (P<0.05). Furthermore, over-expression of ApoE was independently associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients who had MPE at the time of diagnosis (P<0.001). Conclusively, ApoE over-expression promotes cancer proliferation and migration and contributes to an aggressive clinical course in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Rajagopal MU, Hathout Y, MacDonald TJ, Kieran MW, Gururangan S, Blaney SM, Phillips P, Packer R, Gordish-Dressman H, Rood BR. Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies prostaglandin D2 synthase as a putative biomarker for pediatric medulloblastoma: A pediatric brain tumor consortium study. Proteomics 2011; 11:935-43. [PMID: 21271676 PMCID: PMC3088509 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to demonstrate the feasibility of centrally collecting and processing high-quality cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for proteomic studies within a multi-center consortium and to identify putative biomarkers for medulloblastoma in CSF. We used 2-DE to investigate the CSF proteome from 33 children with medulloblastoma and compared it against the CSF proteome from 25 age-matched controls. Protein spots were subsequently identified by a combination of in-gel tryptic digestion and MALDI-TOF TOF MS analysis. On average, 160 protein spots were detected by 2-DE and 76 protein spots corresponding to 25 unique proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF. Levels of prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGD2S) were found to be six-fold decreased in the tumor samples versus control samples (p<0.00001). These data were further validated using ELISA. Close examination of PGD2S spots revealed the presence of complex sialylated carbohydrates at residues Asn(78) and Asn(87) . Total PGD2S levels are reduced six-fold in the CSF of children with medulloblastoma most likely representing a host response to the presence of the tumor. In addition, our results demonstrate the feasibility of performing proteomic studies on CSF samples collected from patients at multiple institutions within the consortium setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena U. Rajagopal
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC USA
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC USA
| | - Tobey J. MacDonald
- Center for Cancer and Immunology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC USA
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC)
| | - Mark W. Kieran
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Susan M. Blaney
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC)
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian R. Rood
- Center for Cancer and Immunology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington DC USA
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC)
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20
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Huvila J, Brandt A, Rojas CR, Pasanen S, Talve L, Hirsimäki P, Fey V, Kytömäki L, Saukko P, Carpén O, Soini JT, Grénman S, Auranen A. Gene expression profiling of endometrial adenocarcinomas reveals increased apolipoprotein E expression in poorly differentiated tumors. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:1226-31. [PMID: 19823059 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181b33be0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor grade is one of the most important prognostic factors in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Amplification of oncogenes, such as Her2/neu, or loss of function of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, are known to be associated with poor prognosis, but additional factors influencing clinical behavior are likely to exist. To examine the biological differences between low-grade and high-grade endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas, we compared gene expression in these 2 types of tumors. METHODS Six well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and 7 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were studied with 2 different microarray platforms, Affymetrix and Illumina. The expression of the most differentially expressed gene on both platforms was further studied in 34 endometrial adenocarcinoma samples (10 well differentiated, 9 moderately differentiated, and 15 poorly differentiated) using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The most differentially expressed gene on both platforms was Apolipoprotein E (APOE). In the poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, APOE was overexpressed 13.1-fold (P = 0.001) and 9.7-fold (P = 0.007) when compared with well- and moderately differentiated tumors, respectively. There was no difference in APOE expression between well- and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of APOE might represent a late event in the progression of well-differentiated endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma to a poorly differentiated endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Although increased APOE expression has been previously reported in other malignancies, this is the first study to suggest that APOE might also have a role in endometrioid endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Huvila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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21
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Margareto J, Leis O, Larrarte E, Pomposo IC, Garibi JM, Lafuente JV. DNA copy number variation and gene expression analyses reveal the implication of specific oncogenes and genes in GBM. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:541-8. [PMID: 19219654 DOI: 10.1080/07357900802563044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) we used high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization arrays and gene expression microarrays to identify DNA copy number alterations and gene expression changes in comparable sets of GBM samples. Gains were detected at chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 9, 12, 19, and 20 and losses at 6, 9, and 10. Gene expression analyses identified specific genes overexpressed in GBM mapping at amplified chromosomal regions. Among these genes we found genes involved in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and several oncogenes. DNA copy number analysis along with gene expression profiles provides a powerful strategy to understand tumor progression and identification of genes involved in GBM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Margareto
- LEIA Foundation, Genomics Unit, LEIA-InnoSalud. Leonardo de Vinci, Minano (Alava), Spain.
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22
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Berntsson SG, Malmer B, Bondy ML, Qu M, Smits A. Tumor-associated epilepsy and glioma: are there common genetic pathways? Acta Oncol 2009; 48:955-63. [PMID: 19639468 PMCID: PMC6436628 DOI: 10.1080/02841860903104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with glioma exhibit a great variability in clinical symptoms apart from variations in response to therapy and survival. Many patients present with epileptic seizures at disease onset, especially in case of low-grade gliomas, but not all have seizures. A large proportion of patients develop refractory seizures. It is likely that the variability in epileptic symptoms cannot exclusively be explained by tumor-related factors, but rather reflects complex interaction between tumor-related, environmental and hereditary factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS No data exist on susceptibility genes associated with epileptic symptoms in patients with glioma. However, an increasing number of candidate genes have been proposed for other focal epilepsies such as temporal lobe epilepsy. Some of the susceptibility candidate genes associated with focal epilepsy may contribute to epileptic symptoms also in patients with glioma. RESULTS This review presents an update on studies on genetic polymorphisms and focal epilepsy and brings forward putative candidate genes for tumor-associated epilepsy, based on the assumption that common etiological pathways may exist for glioma development and glioma-associated seizures. Conclusion. Genes involved in the immune response, in synaptic transmission and in cell cycle control are discussed that may play a role in the pathogenesis of tumor growth as well as epileptic symptoms in patients with gliomas.
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23
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Ito Y, Takano T, Miyauchi A. Apolipoprotein e expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Oncology 2007; 71:388-93. [PMID: 17690558 DOI: 10.1159/000107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) has been known to play a role in cholesterol transport and metabolism. However, recently the relationship between Apo E and carcinoma progression has been investigated. In this study, we investigated Apo E expression in thyroid carcinoma at both the protein and molecular levels. METHODS We investigated Apo E expression at the protein and molecular level in 124 thyroid neoplasms. RESULTS In RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, the Apo E mRNA expression level was very low in papillary and follicular carcinomas as well as normal thyroid, but was dramatically elevated in anaplastic carcinoma. In an immunohistochemical study, 32 of 33 anaplastic carcinomas (97.0%) showed high levels of Apo E expression, but this phenomenon was seen only in 1 of 51 papillary carcinomas (2.0%). None of the follicular carcinomas or adenomas showed high levels of Apo E expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Apo E is one of the typical biological characteristics of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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24
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Römpp A, Dekker L, Taban I, Jenster G, Boogerd W, Bonfrer H, Spengler B, Heeren R, Smitt PS, Luider TM. Identification of leptomeningeal metastasis-related proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with breast cancer by a combination of MALDI-TOF, MALDI-FTICR and nanoLC-FTICR MS. Proteomics 2007; 7:474-81. [PMID: 17274072 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication occurring in 5% of breast cancer patients. However, the current 'gold standard' of diagnosis, namely microscopic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is false-negative in 25% of patients at the first lumbar puncture. In a previous study, we analyzed a set of 151 CSF samples (tryptic digests) by MALDI-TOF and detected peptide masses that were differentially expressed in breast cancer patients with LM. In the present study, we obtain for a limited number of samples exact masses for these peptides by MALDI-FTICR MS measurements. Identification of these peptides was performed by electrospray FTICR MS after separation by nano-scale LC. The database results were confirmed by targeted high mass accuracy measurements of the fragment ions in the FTICR cell. The combination of automated high-throughput MALDI-TOF measurements and analysis by FTICR MS leads to the identification of 17 peptides corresponding to 9 proteins. These include proteins that are operative in host-disease interaction, inflammation and immune defense (serotransferrin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, hemopexin, haptoglobin and transthyretin). Several of these proteins have been mentioned in the literature in relation to cancer. The identified proteins alpha1-antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E have been described in relation to Alzheimer's disease and brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Römpp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry - Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Rousseau A, Nutt CL, Betensky RA, Iafrate AJ, Han M, Ligon KL, Rowitch DH, Louis DN. Expression of oligodendroglial and astrocytic lineage markers in diffuse gliomas: use of YKL-40, ApoE, ASCL1, and NKX2-2. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007; 65:1149-56. [PMID: 17146289 DOI: 10.1097/01.jnen.0000248543.90304.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic heterogeneity of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumor cells complicates establishing accurate diagnostic criteria, and lineage-specific markers would facilitate diagnosis of glioma subtypes. Based on data from the literature and from expression microarrays, we selected molecules relevant to gliogenesis and glial lineage specificity and then used immunohistochemistry to assess expression of these molecules in 55 diffuse gliomas, including 8 biphasic oligoastrocytomas, 21 oligodendrogliomas (all with 1p/19qloss), 21 astrocytomas, and 5 glioblastomas. For the astrocytic lineage markers (GFAP, YKL-40, and ApoE), GFAP expression was significantly higher in the astrocytic component of oligoastrocytomas compared with the oligodendroglial part; similar patterns were detected for YKL-40 and ApoE, although the differences were not significant. GFAP, YKL-40, and ApoE reliably distinguished grade II-III oligodendrogliomas from grade II-IV astrocytomas (p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Among the oligodendroglial lineage markers (Olig2, Sox10, ASCL1, and NKX2-2), ASCL1 and NKX2-2 displayed significantly different immunostaining between oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas (p = 0.017 and 0.004, respectively), but none clearly differentiated between the 2 glial populations of oligoastrocytomas. In addition to GFAP, therefore, YKL-40, ApoE, ASCL1, and NKX2-2 represent promising tumor cell markers to distinguish oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Rousseau
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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