1
|
Liu Z, Zhang L, Yan Z, Ren Z, Han F, Tan X, Xiang Z, Dong F, Yang Z, Liu G, Wang Z, Zhang J, Que T, Tang C, Li Y, Wang S, Wu J, Li L, Huang C, Roos C, Li M. Genomic Mechanisms of Physiological and Morphological Adaptations of Limestone Langurs to Karst Habitats. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:952-968. [PMID: 31846031 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the physiological and morphological evolution and adaptation of nonhuman primates is critical to understand hominin origins, physiological ecology, morphological evolution, and applications in biomedicine. Particularly, limestone langurs represent a direct example of adaptations to the challenges of exploiting a high calcium and harsh environment. Here, we report a de novo genome assembly (Tfra_2.0) of a male François's langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) with contig N50 of 16.3 Mb and resequencing data of 23 individuals representing five limestone and four forest langur species. Comparative genomics reveals evidence for functional evolution in genes and gene families related to calcium signaling in the limestone langur genome, probably as an adaptation to naturally occurring high calcium levels present in water and plant resources in karst habitats. The genomic and functional analyses suggest that a single point mutation (Lys1905Arg) in the α1c subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2 (CACNA1C) attenuates the inward calcium current into the cells in vitro. Population genomic analyses and RNA-sequencing indicate that EDNRB is less expressed in white tail hair follicles of the white-headed langur (T. leucocephalus) compared with the black-colored François's langur and hence might be responsible for species-specific differences in body coloration. Our findings contribute to a new understanding of gene-environment interactions and physiomorphological adaptative mechanisms in ecologically specialized primate taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liye Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongze Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengming Han
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xinxin Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zuomin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guangjian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tengcheng Que
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Terrestrial Wildlife Medical-Aid Monitoring Epidemic Diseases Research Center, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chaohui Tang
- Wuzhou Langur Breeding and Research Center, Wuzhou 543002, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Wuzhou Langur Breeding and Research Center, Wuzhou 543002, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Song Wang
- Nanning Zoo, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Junyi Wu
- Nanning Zoo, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengming Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu YP, Wu X, Xia X, Yao J, Wang BJ. The genome-wide supported CACNA1C gene polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia: an updated meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:159. [PMID: 32770953 PMCID: PMC7414708 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The CACNA1C gene was defined as a risk gene for schizophrenia in a large genome-wide association study of European ancestry performed by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Previous meta-analyses focused on the association between the CACNA1C gene rs1006737 and schizophrenia. The present study focused on whether there was an ancestral difference in the effect of the CACNA1C gene rs1006737 on schizophrenia. rs2007044 and rs4765905 were analyzed for their effect on the risk of schizophrenia. Methods Pooled, subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis were conducted. Results A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, including fourteen rs1006737 studies (15,213 cases, 19,412 controls), three rs2007044 studies (6007 cases, 6518 controls), and two rs4765905 studies (2435 cases, 2639 controls). An allele model study also related rs2007044 and rs4765905 to schizophrenia. The overall meta-analysis for rs1006737, which included the allele contrast, dominant, recessive, codominance, and complete overdominance models, showed significant differences between rs1006737 and schizophrenia. However, the ancestral-based subgroup analysis for rs1006737 found that the genotypes GG and GG + GA were only protective factors for schizophrenia in Europeans. In contrast, the rs1006737 GA genotype only reduced the risk of schizophrenia in Asians. Conclusions Rs1006737, rs2007044, and rs4765905 of the CACNA1C gene were associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. However, the influence model for rs1006737 on schizophrenia in Asians and Europeans demonstrated both similarities and differences between the two ancestors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xi Xia
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Bao-Jie Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giménez De Béjar V, Caballero Bleda M, Popović N, Popović M. Verapamil Blocks Scopolamine Enhancement Effect on Memory Consolidation in Passive Avoidance Task in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:566. [PMID: 28878678 PMCID: PMC5572412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent data have indicated that scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, improves memory consolidation, in a passive avoidance task, tested in rats. It has been found that verapamil, a phenylalkylamine class of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist, inhibits [3H] N-methyl scopolamine binding to M1 muscarinic receptors. However, there are no data about the effect of verapamil on memory consolidation in the passive avoidance task, in rats. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of verapamil (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, or 20 mg/kg i.p.) as well as the interaction between scopolamine and verapamil on memory consolidation in the step-through passive avoidance task, in Wistar rats. Our results showed that verapamil (1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg) administered immediately after the acquisition task significantly increased the latency of the passive avoidance response, on the 48 h retested trial, improving memory consolidation. On the other hand, verapamil in a dose of 5 mg/kg, that per se does not affect memory consolidation, significantly reversed the memory consolidation improvement induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p., administered immediately after verapamil treatment) but did not change the passive avoidance response in rats treated by an ineffective dose of scopolamine (30 mg/kg). In conclusion, the present data suggest that (1) the post-training administration of verapamil, dose-dependently, improves the passive avoidance response; (2) verapamil, in ineffective dose, abolished the improvement of memory consolidation effect of scopolamine; and (3) exists interaction between cholinergic muscarinic receptors and calcium homeostasis-related mechanisms in the consolidation of emotional memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Giménez De Béjar
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Quirónsalud MurciaMurcia, Spain.,Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain
| | - María Caballero Bleda
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain
| | - Natalija Popović
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la ArrixacaMurcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang SY, Hu Q, Tang T, Liu C, Li CC, Yang XG, Zang YY, Cai WX. Role of CACNA1C gene polymorphisms and protein expressions in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia: a case-control study in a Chinese population. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1393-1403. [PMID: 28593527 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the correlations of CACNA1C genetic polymorphisms and protein expression with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia in a Chinese population. This research included 139 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (case group) and 141 healthy volunteers (control group). Case and control samples were genotyped using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Haplotypes of rs10848683, rs2238032, and rs2299661 were analyzed using the Shesis software. A mouse model of schizophrenia was established and assigned to test and blank groups. Western blotting was used to detect CACNA1C protein expression. The genotype and allele distribution of rs2238032 and rs2299661 differed between the case and control groups. TT genotype of rs2238032 and G allele of rs2299661 could potentially reduce the risk of schizophrenia. The distribution of rs2238032 genotype has a close connection with cognitive disturbance and the results of the general psychopathology classification exam. The distribution of rs2299661 genotypes was closely related to sensory and perceptual disorders, negative symptom subscales, and the results of the general psychopathology classification exam. CTC haplotype increased and CTG decreased the risk of schizophrenia in healthy people. In the brain tissues of mice with schizophrenia, the CACNA1C protein expression was higher in the test group than in the blank group. Our study demonstrated that CACNA1C gene polymorphisms and CACNA1C protein expression were associated with schizophrenia and its clinical phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Mental Health Center, No. 28, Linhua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Guang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Mental Health Center, No. 28, Linhua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Yin Zang
- Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wei-Xiong Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, No. 1347, Guangfu West Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200063, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hasreiter J, Goldnagl L, Böhm S, Kubista H. Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 L-type calcium channels operate in a similar voltage range but show different coupling to Ca(2+)-dependent conductances in hippocampal neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C1200-13. [PMID: 24760982 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00329.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCCs) come in two isoforms, namely Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels. It has been shown previously that these channels differ in biophysical properties, in subcellular localization, and in the coupling to the gene transcription machinery. In previous work on rat hippocampal neurons we have identified an excitatory cation conductance and an inhibitory potassium conductance as important LTCC coupling partners. Notably, a stimulus-dependent interplay of LTCC-mediated Ca(2+) influx and activation of these Ca(2+)-dependent conductances was found to give rise to characteristic voltage responses. However, the contribution of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 to these voltage responses remained unknown. Hence, the relative contribution of the LTCC isoforms therein was the focus of the current study on hippocampal neurons derived from genetically modified mice, which either lack a LTCC isoform (Cav1.3 knockout mice) or express a dihydropyridine-insensitive LTCC isoform (Cav1.2DHP(-)-knockin mice). We identified common and alternate ion channel couplings of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels. Whereas hyperpolarizing Ca(2+)-dependent conductances were coupled to both Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels, an afterdepolarizing potential was only induced by the activity of Cav1.2 channels. Unexpectedly, the activity of Cav1.2 channels was found at relatively hyperpolarized membrane voltages. Our data add important information about the differences between Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels that furthers our understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological neuronal roles of these calcium channels. Moreover, our findings suggest that Cav1.3 knockout mice together with Cav1.2DHP(-)-knockin mice provide valuable models for future investigation of hippocampal LTCC-dependent afterdepolarizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hasreiter
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Goldnagl
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Böhm
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JS, Yang M, Cho J, Kim SH, Kim JC, Shin T, Moon C. Promotion of cAMP responsive element-binding protein activity ameliorates radiation-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. Toxicol Res 2013; 26:177-83. [PMID: 24278522 PMCID: PMC3834481 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2010.26.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine whether elevated activity of cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) attenuates the detrimental effects of acute gamma (γ) -irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis and related functions. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with rolipram (1.25 mg/kg, i.p., twice a day for 5 consecutive days) to activate the cAMP/CREB pathway against cranial irradiation (2 Gy) , and were euthanized at 24 h post-irradiation. Exposure to γ-rays decreased both CREB phosphorylation and immunohistochemical markers for neurogenesis, including Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) , in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) . However, the rolipram treatment protected from γ-irradiation-induced decreases of CREB phosphorylation, and Ki-67 and DCX immunoreactivity in the hippocampal DG. In an object recognition memory test, mice trained 24 h after acute γ-irradiation (2 Gy) showed significant memory impairment, which was attenuated by rolipram treatment. The results suggest that activation of CREB signaling ameliorates the detrimental effects of acute γ-irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis and related functions in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Sun Kim
- Departments of Veterinary Anatomy and Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757 ; Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Science (DIRAMS) , Busan 619-753
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhat S, Dao DT, Terrillion CE, Arad M, Smith RJ, Soldatov NM, Gould TD. CACNA1C (Cav1.2) in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:1-14. [PMID: 22705413 PMCID: PMC3459072 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most consistent genetic findings to have emerged from bipolar disorder genome wide association studies (GWAS) is with CACNA1C, a gene that codes for the α(1C) subunit of the Ca(v)1.2 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (LTCC). Genetic variation in CACNA1C have also been associated with depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, as well as changes in brain function and structure in control subjects who have no diagnosable psychiatric illness. These data are consistent with a continuum of shared neurobiological vulnerability between diverse-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) defined-neuropsychiatric diseases. While involved in numerous cellular functions, Ca(v)1.2 is most frequently implicated in coupling of cell membrane depolarization to transient increase of the membrane permeability for calcium, leading to activation and, potentially, changes in intracellular signaling pathway activity, gene transcription, and synaptic plasticity. Ca(v)1.2 is involved in the proper function of numerous neurological circuits including those involving the hippocampus, amygdala, and mesolimbic reward system, which are strongly implicated in psychiatric disease pathophysiology. A number of behavioral effects of LTCC inhibitors have been described including antidepressant-like behavioral actions in rodent models. Clinical studies suggest possible treatment effects in a subset of patients with mood disorders. We review the genetic structure and variation of CACNA1C, discussing relevant human genetic and clinical findings, as well as the biological actions of Ca(v)1.2 that are most relevant to psychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David T. Dao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Michal Arad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mueller EM, Hofmann SG, Cherry JA. The type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram disturbs expression and extinction of conditioned fear in mice. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
9
|
The preclinical pharmacology of roflumilast--a selective, oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010; 23:235-56. [PMID: 20381629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
After more than two decades of research into phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, roflumilast (3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxy-N-[3,5-di-chloropyrid-4-yl]-benzamide) may become the first agent in this class to be approved for patient treatment worldwide. Within the PDE family of 11 known isoenzymes, roflumilast is selective for PDE4, showing balanced selectivity for subtypes A-D, and is of high subnanomolar potency. The active principle of roflumilast in man is its dichloropyridyl N-oxide metabolite, which has similar potency as a PDE4 inhibitor as the parent compound. The long half-life and high potency of this metabolite allows for once-daily, oral administration of a single, 500-microg tablet of roflumilast. The molecular mode of action of roflumilast--PDE4 inhibition and subsequent enhancement of cAMP levels--is well established. To further understand its functional mode of action in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), for which roflumilast is being developed, a series of in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies has been performed. COPD is a progressive, devastating condition of the lung associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles and gases, particularly tobacco smoke. In addition, according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), significant extrapulmonary effects, including comorbidities, may add to the severity of the disease in individual patients, and which may be addressed preferentially by orally administered remedies. COPD shows an increasing prevalence and mortality, and its treatment remains a high, unmet medical need. In vivo, roflumilast mitigates key COPD-related disease mechanisms such as tobacco smoke-induced lung inflammation, mucociliary malfunction, lung fibrotic and emphysematous remodelling, oxidative stress, pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary hypertension. In vitro, roflumilast N-oxide has been demonstrated to affect the functions of many cell types, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. These cellular effects are thought to be responsible for the beneficial effects of roflumilast on the disease mechanisms of COPD, which translate into reduced exacerbations and improved lung function. As a multicomponent disease, COPD requires a broad therapeutic approach that might be achieved by PDE4 inhibition. However, as a PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast is not a direct bronchodilator. In summary, roflumilast may be the first-in-class PDE4 inhibitor for COPD therapy. In addition to being a non-steroid, anti-inflammatory drug designed to target pulmonary inflammation, the preclinical pharmacology described in this review points to a broad functional mode of action of roflumilast that putatively addresses additional COPD mechanisms. This enables roflumilast to offer effective, oral maintenance treatment for COPD, with an acceptable tolerability profile and the potential to favourably affect the extrapulmonary effects of the disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
van der Staay FJ, Rutten K, Bärfacker L, DeVry J, Erb C, Heckroth H, Karthaus D, Tersteegen A, van Kampen M, Blokland A, Prickaerts J, Reymann KG, Schröder UH, Hendrix M. The novel selective PDE9 inhibitor BAY 73-6691 improves learning and memory in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55:908-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
11
|
Izquierdo I, Bevilaqua LRM, Lima RH, Clarke JR, Costa da Costa J, Cammarota M. Extinction learning: neurological features, therapeutic applications and the effect of aging. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/14796708.3.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extinction learning consists of the usually gradual inhibition of the retrieval of a previously learned response or behavior. It is widely used for the treatment of syndromes of learned fear, such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder. It relies on well-identified molecular processes in the hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and entorhinal cortex. In humans, thickness of the orbital cortex, vmPFC and the anterior cingulate cortex correlates with the capacity to extinguish. The three regions are functionally inter-related (see below). The development of learned fear syndromes in humans is viewed by many as being due to a deficit of extinction, and so of the capacity to deal with fear. Blockade of NMDA receptors, inhibition of protein synthesis in the vmPFC or blockade of protein synthesis or of various molecular signaling cascades in the hippocampus, amygdala or entorhinal cortex impairs extinction. d-cycloserine, a partial agonist at NMDA receptors, enhances extinction in animals and humans and may help extinction to exert its therapeutic effect. Cannabinoids also enhance extinction, acting through CB1 receptors, but their therapeutic use is not warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Izquierdo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Center for Memory Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lia RM Bevilaqua
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Center for Memory Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramón H Lima
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Center for Memory Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia R Clarke
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Center for Memory Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Center for Memory Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Martín Cammarota
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Center for Memory Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Av. Ipiranga 6690, 2nd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bevilaqua LRM, Rossato JI, Bonini JS, Myskiw JC, Clarke JR, Monteiro S, Lima RH, Medina JH, Cammarota M, Izquierdo I. The role of the entorhinal cortex in extinction: influences of aging. Neural Plast 2008; 2008:595282. [PMID: 18584042 PMCID: PMC2435227 DOI: 10.1155/2008/595282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex is perhaps the area of the brain in which neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques are first detectable in old age with or without mild cognitive impairment, and very particularly in Alzheimer's disease. It plays a key role in memory formation, retrieval, and extinction, as part of circuits that include the hippocampus, the amygdaloid nucleus, and several regions of the neocortex, in particular of the prefrontal cortex. Lesions or biochemical impairments of the entorhinal cortex hinder extinction. Microinfusion experiments have shown that glutamate NMDA receptors, calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and protein synthesis in the entorhinal cortex are involved in and required for extinction. Aging also hinders extinction; it is possible that its effect may be in part mediated by the entorhinal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia R. M. Bevilaqua
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro Universitário IPA, Rua Cel. Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, 90420-060 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Janine I. Rossato
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Bonini
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jociane C. Myskiw
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia R. Clarke
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Siomara Monteiro
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ramón H. Lima
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge H. Medina
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 7th floor, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Cammarota
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iván Izquierdo
- Centro de Memória, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenue Ipiranga 6690, 2nd floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rose GM, Ong VS, Woodruff-Pak DS. Efficacy of MEM 1003, a novel calcium channel blocker, in delay and trace eyeblink conditioning in older rabbits. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 28:766-73. [PMID: 16621170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Revised: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eyeblink conditioning is a relatively simple form of associative learning that shows neurobiological and behavioral parallels across several species, including humans. Aged subjects acquire eyeblink conditioning more slowly than young ones. In addition, eyeblink conditioning effectively discriminates patients with Alzheimer's disease from healthy older adults. The present study evaluated the effect of a novel L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, MEM 1003, on delay and trace eyeblink conditioning in older (mean 33.4 months old) female New Zealand white rabbits. In the delay conditioning paradigm, an 850 ms tone conditioning stimulus (CS) was followed 750 ms after its onset by a 100 ms corneal air puff. Several trace conditioning paradigms were evaluated, with a silent period of 300, 400 or 500 ms between the end of the tone CS and the delivery of the air puff. Learning was more difficult in the longer trace paradigms than in the delay paradigm. MEM 1003, at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg, s.c., given daily 30 min prior to training on each of the 15 training days, enhanced learning compared to vehicle injections in both delay and trace paradigms. However, higher or lower doses were ineffective. These results support previous work demonstrating that modulation of Ca2+ channel activity can reduce age-related cognitive impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Rose
- Memory Pharmaceuticals Corp., Montvale, NJ, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruangkittisakul A, Schwarzacher SW, Secchia L, Poon BY, Ma Y, Funk GD, Ballanyi K. High sensitivity to neuromodulator-activated signaling pathways at physiological [K+] of confocally imaged respiratory center neurons in on-line-calibrated newborn rat brainstem slices. J Neurosci 2006; 26:11870-80. [PMID: 17108160 PMCID: PMC6674865 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3357-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pre-Bötzinger complex (PBC) inspiratory center remains active in a transverse brainstem slice. Such slices are studied at high (8-10 mM) superfusate [K+], which could attenuate the sensitivity of the PBC to neuromodulators such as opiates. Findings may also be confounded because slice boundaries, drug injection sites, or location of rhythmogenic interneurons are rarely verified histologically. Thus, we first generated PBC slices with defined boundaries using novel "on-line histology" based on our finding that rostrocaudal extensions of brainstem respiratory marker nuclei are constant in newborn rats between postnatal days 0-4. At physiological superfusate [K+] (3 mM), 500- and 600-microm-thick slices with the PBC in the center and the caudal boundary 0.70 and 0.76 mm caudal to the facial motonucleus generated rhythm for >2 and approximately 4 h, respectively. Rhythm was abolished by low nanomolar concentrations of the mu-opiate receptor agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin). After spontaneous arrest of bursting, rhythm was reactivated at clinically relevant or physiological concentrations by 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or rolipram, each affecting distinct second-messenger pathways. Two-photon/confocal Ca2+ imaging revealed that these agents reactivated the same PBC neurons initially active in 3 mM [K+]. The data show that "calibrated" PBC slices at physiological [K+] generate rhythm with a high sensitivity to neuromodulators for extended time periods, whereas spontaneous "in vitro apnea" is an important tool to study the interaction of signaling pathways that modulate rhythm. Our approaches and findings provide the basis for a pharmacological and structure-function analysis of the isolated respiratory center in a histologically well defined substrate at physiological [K+].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Araya Ruangkittisakul
- Department of Physiology and Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and
| | | | - Lucia Secchia
- Department of Physiology and Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and
| | - Betty Y. Poon
- Department of Physiology and Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and
| | - Yonglie Ma
- Department of Physiology and Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and
| | - Gregory D. Funk
- Department of Physiology and Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and
| | - Klaus Ballanyi
- Department of Physiology and Perinatal Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2, and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barad M. Divide and conquer: An L-type voltage-gated calcium channel subtype finds a role in conditioned fear. Learn Mem 2006; 13:560-1. [PMID: 17015854 DOI: 10.1101/lm.402806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barad
- Veterans Health Administration, West Los Angeles, California 90073, and Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gong B, Vitolo OV, Trinchese F, Liu S, Shelanski M, Arancio O. Persistent improvement in synaptic and cognitive functions in an Alzheimer mouse model after rolipram treatment. J Clin Invest 2005; 114:1624-34. [PMID: 15578094 PMCID: PMC529285 DOI: 10.1172/jci22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that Alzheimer disease (AD) begins as a disorder of synaptic function, caused in part by increased levels of amyloid beta-peptide 1-42 (Abeta42). Both synaptic and cognitive deficits are reproduced in mice double transgenic for amyloid precursor protein (AA substitution K670N,M671L) and presenilin-1 (AA substitution M146V). Here we demonstrate that brief treatment with the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram ameliorates deficits in both long-term potentiation (LTP) and contextual learning in the double-transgenic mice. Most importantly, this beneficial effect can be extended beyond the duration of the administration. One course of long-term systemic treatment with rolipram improves LTP and basal synaptic transmission as well as working, reference, and associative memory deficits for at least 2 months after the end of the treatment. This protective effect is possibly due to stabilization of synaptic circuitry via alterations in gene expression by activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/cAMP regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway that make the synapses more resistant to the insult inflicted by Abeta. Thus, agents that enhance the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway have potential for the treatment of AD and other diseases associated with elevated Abeta42 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- The Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|