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Li J, Li X, Chen F, Li W, Chen J, Zhang B. Studying the Alzheimer's disease continuum using EEG and fMRI in single-modality and multi-modality settings. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:373-386. [PMID: 38157429 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a biological, clinical continuum that covers the preclinical, prodromal, and clinical phases of the disease. Early diagnosis and identification of the stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are crucial in clinical practice. Ideally, biomarkers should reflect the underlying process (pathological or otherwise), be reproducible and non-invasive, and allow repeated measurements over time. However, the currently known biomarkers for AD are not suitable for differentiating the stages and predicting the trajectory of disease progression. Some objective parameters extracted using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are widely applied to diagnose the stages of the AD continuum. While electroencephalography (EEG) has a high temporal resolution, fMRI has a high spatial resolution. Combined EEG and fMRI (EEG-fMRI) can overcome single-modality drawbacks and obtain multi-dimensional information simultaneously, and it can help explore the hemodynamic changes associated with the neural oscillations that occur during information processing. This technique has been used in the cognitive field in recent years. This review focuses on the different techniques available for studying the AD continuum, including EEG and fMRI in single-modality and multi-modality settings, and the possible future directions of AD diagnosis using EEG-fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Futao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Medical Imaging Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
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2
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Vlisides PE, Li D, Maywood M, Zierau M, Lapointe AP, Brooks J, McKinney AM, Leis AM, Mentz G, Mashour GA. Electroencephalographic Biomarkers, Cerebral Oximetry, and Postoperative Cognitive Function in Adult Noncardiac Surgical Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Anesthesiology 2023; 139:568-579. [PMID: 37364282 PMCID: PMC10592490 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are a major public health issue, although there are no validated neurophysiologic biomarkers that predict cognitive function after surgery. This study tested the hypothesis that preoperative posterior electroencephalographic alpha power, alpha frontal-parietal connectivity, and cerebral oximetry would each correlate with postoperative neurocognitive function. METHODS This was a single-center, prospective, observational study of adult (older than 18 yr) male and female noncardiac surgery patients. Whole-scalp, 16-channel electroencephalography and cerebral oximetry were recorded in the preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate postoperative settings. The primary outcome was the mean postoperative T-score of three National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition tests-Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention, List Sorting Working Memory, and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed. These tests were obtained at preoperative baseline and on the first two postoperative mornings. The lowest average score from the first two postoperative days was used for the primary analysis. Delirium was a secondary outcome (via 3-min Confusion Assessment Method) measured in the postanesthesia care unit and twice daily for the first 3 postoperative days. Last, patient-reported outcomes related to cognition and overall well-being were collected 3 months postdischarge. RESULTS Sixty-four participants were recruited with a median (interquartile range) age of 59 (48 to 66) yr. After adjustment for baseline cognitive function scores, no significant partial correlation (ρ) was detected between postoperative cognition scores and preoperative relative posterior alpha power (%; ρ = -0.03, P = 0.854), alpha frontal-parietal connectivity (via weight phase lag index; ρ = -0.10, P = 0.570, respectively), or preoperative cerebral oximetry (%; ρ = 0.21, P = 0.246). Only intraoperative frontal-parietal theta connectivity was associated with postoperative delirium (F[1,6,291] = 4.53, P = 0.034). No electroencephalographic or oximetry biomarkers were associated with cognitive or functional outcomes 3 months postdischarge. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative posterior alpha power, frontal-parietal connectivity, and cerebral oximetry were not associated with cognitive function after noncardiac surgery. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip E. Vlisides
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Duan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Michael Maywood
- Department of Ophthalmology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Mackenzie Zierau
- College of Health Professions, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Andrew P. Lapointe
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph Brooks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Amy M. McKinney
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Aleda M. Leis
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Graciela Mentz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - George A. Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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3
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Kim NH, Park U, Yang DW, Choi SH, Youn YC, Kang SW. PET-validated EEG-machine learning algorithm predicts brain amyloid pathology in pre-dementia Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10299. [PMID: 37365198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing reliable biomarkers is important for screening Alzheimer's disease (AD) and monitoring its progression. Although EEG is non-invasive direct measurement of brain neural activity and has potentials for various neurologic disorders, vulnerability to noise, difficulty in clinical interpretation and quantification of signal information have limited its clinical application. There have been many research about machine learning (ML) adoption with EEG, but the accuracy of detecting AD is not so high or not validated with Aβ PET scan. We developed EEG-ML algorithm to detect brain Aβ pathology among subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) population, and validated it with Aβ PET. 19-channel resting-state EEG and Aβ PET were collected from 311 subjects: 196 SCD(36 Aβ +, 160 Aβ -), 115 MCI(54 Aβ +, 61Aβ -). 235 EEG data were used for training ML, and 76 for validation. EEG features were standardized for age and sex. Multiple important features sets were selected by 6 statistics analysis. Then, we trained 8 multiple machine learning for each important features set. Meanwhile, we conducted paired t-test to find statistically different features between amyloid positive and negative group. The best model showed 90.9% sensitivity, 76.7% specificity and 82.9% accuracy in MCI + SCD (33 Aβ +, 43 Aβ -). Limited to SCD, 92.3% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity, 81.1% accuracy (13 Aβ +, 24 Aβ -). 90% sensitivity, 78.9% specificity and 84.6% accuracy for MCI (20 Aβ +, 19 Aβ -). Similar trends of EEG power have been observed from the group comparison between Aβ + and Aβ -, and between MCI and SCD: enhancement of frontal/ frontotemporal theta; attenuation of mid-beta in centroparietal areas. The present findings suggest that accurate classification for beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain based on QEEG alone could be possible, which implies that QEEG is a promising biomarker for beta-amyloid. Since QEEG is more accessible, cost-effective, and safer than amyloid PET, QEEG-based biomarkers may play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. We expect specific patterns in QEEG could play an important role to predict future progression of cognitive impairment in the preclinical stage of AD. Further feature engineering and validation with larger dataset is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Heon Kim
- iMediSync Inc, 15F, 411, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ukeob Park
- iMediSync Inc, 15F, 411, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Yang
- Department of Neurology, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wan Kang
- iMediSync Inc, 15F, 411, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- National Standard Reference Data Center for Korean EEG, Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shing N, Walker MC, Chang P. The Role of Aberrant Neural Oscillations in the Hippocampal-Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuit in Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 195:107683. [PMID: 36174886 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have well-established roles in cognition, emotion, and sensory processing. In recent years, interests have shifted towards developing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying interactions between the HPC and mPFC in achieving these functions. Considerable research supports the idea that synchronized activity between the HPC and the mPFC is a general mechanism by which brain functions are regulated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortex (HPC-mPFC) circuit in normal brain function with a focus on oscillations and highlight several neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders associated with aberrant HPC-mPFC circuitry. We further discuss oscillatory dynamics across the HPC-mPFC circuit as potentially useful biomarkers to assess interventions for neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Finally, advancements in brain stimulation, gene therapy and pharmacotherapy are explored as promising therapies for disorders with aberrant HPC-mPFC circuit dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael Shing
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR17BH, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pishan Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT.
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5
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Benussi A, Cantoni V, Grassi M, Brechet L, Michel CM, Datta A, Thomas C, Gazzina S, Cotelli MS, Bianchi M, Premi E, Gadola Y, Cotelli M, Pengo M, Perrone F, Scolaro M, Archetti S, Solje E, Padovani A, Pascual-Leone A, Borroni B. Increasing brain gamma activity improves episodic memory and restores cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:322-334. [PMID: 35607946 PMCID: PMC9546168 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether non-invasive brain stimulation with transcranial alternating current stimulation at gamma-frequency (γ-tACS) applied over the precuneus can improve episodic memory and modulate cholinergic transmission by modulating cerebral rhythms in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, sham controlled, crossover study, 60 AD patients underwent a clinical and neurophysiological evaluation including assessment of episodic memory and cholinergic transmission pre- and post- 60 minutes treatment with γ-tACS targeting the precuneus or sham tACS. In a subset of 10 patients, EEG analysis and individualized modelling of electric field distribution were carried out. Predictors to γ-tACS efficacy were evaluated. RESULTS We observed a significant improvement in the Rey auditory verbal learning (RAVL) test immediate recall (p<0.001) and delayed recall scores (p<0.001) after γ-tACS but not after sham tACS. Face-name associations scores improved with γ-tACS (p<0.001) but not after sham tACS. Short latency afferent inhibition, an indirect measure of cholinergic transmission, increased only after γ-tACS (p<0.001). ApoE genotype and baseline cognitive impairment were the best predictors of response to γ-tACS. Clinical improvement correlated with the increase in gamma frequencies in posterior regions and with the amount of predicted electric field distribution in the precuneus. INTERPRETATION Precuneus γ-tACS, able to increase γ-power activity on the posterior brain regions, showed a significant improvement of episodic memory performances, along with restoration of intracortical excitability measures of cholinergic transmission. Response to γ-tACS was dependent on genetic factors and disease stage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Cantoni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucie Brechet
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek Datta
- Research & Development, Soterix Medical, Inc., New York, USA
| | - Chris Thomas
- Research & Development, Soterix Medical, Inc., New York, USA
| | - Stefano Gazzina
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Bianchi
- Neurology Unit, Valle Camonica Hospital, Esine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Premi
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yasmine Gadola
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia
| | - Marta Pengo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Scolaro
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvana Archetti
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eino Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA.,Guttmann Brain Health Institut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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6
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Öksüz Ö, Günver MG, Arıkan MK. Quantitative Electroencephalography Findings in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:248-255. [PMID: 33729035 DOI: 10.1177/1550059421997657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes structural central nervous system (CNS) impairment, and this situation can be detected by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) findings before cognitive impairment is clinically observed. The main aim of this study is to uncover the effect of DM on brain function. Since QEEG reflects the CNS functioning, particularly in cognitive aspects, we expected electrophysiological clues to be found for prevention and follow-up in DM-related cognitive decline. Since a majority of the psychiatric population have cognitive dysfunction, we have given particular attention to those people. It was stated that a decrease was observed in the posterior cortical alpha power due to the hippocampal atrophy by several previous studies and we hypothesize that decreased alpha power will be observed also in DM. Methods. This study included 2094 psychiatric patients, 207 of whom were diagnosed with DM and 1887 of whom were not diagnosed with DM, and QEEG recordings were performed. Eyes-closed electroencephalography data were segmented into consecutive 2 s epochs. Fourier analysis was performed by averaging across 2 s epochs without artifacts. The absolute alpha power in the occipital regions (O1 and O2) of patients with and without DM was compared. Results. In the DM group, a decrease in the absolute alpha, alpha 1, and alpha 2 power in O1 and O2 was observed in comparison with the control group. It was determined that the type of psychiatric diagnosis did not affect QEEG findings. Conclusion. The decrease in absolute alpha power observed in patients diagnosed with DM may be related to the CNS impairment in DM. QEEG findings in DM can be useful while monitoring the CNS impairment, diagnosing DM-related dementia, in the follow-up of the cognitive process, constructing the protocols for electrophysiological interventions like neurofeedback and transcranial magnetic stimulation and monitoring the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özden Öksüz
- Department of Neuroscience, 52998Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Kim NH, Yang DW, Choi SH, Kang SW. Machine Learning to Predict Brain Amyloid Pathology in Pre-dementia Alzheimer’s Disease Using QEEG Features and Genetic Algorithm Heuristic. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:755499. [PMID: 34867252 PMCID: PMC8632633 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.755499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of positron emission tomography (PET) as the initial or sole biomarker of β-amyloid (Aβ) brain pathology may inhibit Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development and clinical use due to cost, access, and tolerability. We developed a qEEG-ML algorithm to predict Aβ pathology among subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and validated it using Aβ PET. We compared QEEG data between patients with MCI and those with SCD with and without PET-confirmed beta-amyloid plaque. We compared resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalograms (EEG) patterns between the amyloid positive and negative groups using relative power measures from 19 channels (Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, T5, P3, Pz, P4, T6, O1, O2), divided into eight frequency bands, delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha 1 (8–10 Hz), alpha 2 (10–12 Hz), beta 1 (12–15 Hz), beta 2 (15–20 Hz), beta 3 (20–30 Hz), and gamma (30–45 Hz) calculated by FFT and denoised by iSyncBrain®. The resulting 152 features were analyzed using a genetic algorithm strategy to identify optimal feature combinations and maximize classification accuracy. Guided by gene modeling methods, we treated each channel and frequency band of EEG power as a gene and modeled it with every possible combination within a given dimension. We then collected the models that showed the best performance and identified the genes that appeared most frequently in the superior models. By repeating this process, we converged on a model that approximates the optimum. We found that the average performance increased as this iterative development of the genetic algorithm progressed. We ultimately achieved 85.7% sensitivity, 89.3% specificity, and 88.6% accuracy in SCD amyloid positive/negative classification, and 83.3% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity, and 84.6% accuracy in MCI amyloid positive/negative classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Won Yang
- Department of Neurology, St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Wan Kang
- iMediSync Inc., Seoul, South Korea
- National Standard Reference Data Center for Korean EEG, Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seung Wan Kang,
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8
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Özbek Y, Fide E, Yener GG. Resting-state EEG alpha/theta power ratio discriminates early-onset Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2019-2031. [PMID: 34284236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to compare early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) patients with healthy controls (HC), and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) patients using resting-state delta, theta, alpha, and beta oscillations and provide a cut-off score of alpha/theta ratio to discriminate individuals with EOAD and young HC. METHODS Forty-seven individuals with EOAD, 51 individuals with LOAD, and demographically-matched 49 young and 51 older controls were included in the study. Spectral-power analysis using Fast-Fourier Transformation (FFT) is performed on resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) data. Delta, theta, alpha, and beta oscillations compared between groups and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls individuals with EOAD showed an increase in slow frequency bands and a decrease in fast frequency bands. Frontal alpha/theta power ratio is the best discriminating value between EOAD and young HC with the sensitivity and specificity greater than 80% with area under the curve (AUC) 0.881. CONCLUSIONS EOAD display more widespread and severe electrophysiological abnormalities than LOAD and HC which may reflect more pronounced pathological burden and cholinergic deficits in EOAD. Additionally, the alpha/theta ratio can discriminate EOAD and young HC successfully. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to report that resting-state EEG power can be a promising marker for diagnostic accuracy between EOAD and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Özbek
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Fide
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Görsev G Yener
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
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9
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Isla AG, Balleza-Tapia H, Fisahn A. Efficacy of preclinical pharmacological interventions against alterations of neuronal network oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113743. [PMID: 34000250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of multiple pharmacological approaches over the years aimed at treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) only very few have been approved for clinical use in patients. To date there still exists no disease-modifying treatment that could prevent or rescue the cognitive impairment, particularly of memory aquisition, that is characteristic of AD. One of the possibilities for this state of affairs might be that the majority of drug discovery efforts focuses on outcome measures of decreased neuropathological biomarkers characteristic of AD, without taking into acount neuronal processes essential to the generation and maintenance of memory processes. Particularly, the capacity of the brain to generate theta (θ) and gamma (γ) oscillatory activity has been strongly correlated to memory performance. Using a systematic review approach, we synthesize the existing evidence in the literature on pharmacological interventions that enhance neuronal theta (θ) and/or gamma (γ) oscillations in non-pathological animal models and in AD animal models. Additionally, we synthesize the main outcomes and neurochemical systems targeted. We propose that functional biomarkers such as cognition-relevant neuronal network oscillations should be used as outcome measures during the process of research and development of novel drugs against cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo G Isla
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska Stråket 1, J10:30, 17164 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Balleza-Tapia
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska Stråket 1, J10:30, 17164 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska Stråket 1, J10:30, 17164 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Macedo A, Gómez C, Rebelo MÂ, Poza J, Gomes I, Martins S, Maturana-Candelas A, Pablo VGD, Durães L, Sousa P, Figueruelo M, Rodríguez M, Pita C, Arenas M, Álvarez L, Hornero R, Lopes AM, Pinto N. Risk Variants in Three Alzheimer's Disease Genes Show Association with EEG Endophenotypes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:209-223. [PMID: 33522999 PMCID: PMC8075394 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, which much of heritability remains unexplained. At the clinical level, one of the most common physiological alterations is the slowing of oscillatory brain activity, measurable by electroencephalography (EEG). Relative power (RP) at the conventional frequency bands (i.e., delta, theta, alpha, beta-1, and beta-2) can be considered as AD endophenotypes. Objective: The aim of this work is to analyze the association between sixteen genes previously related with AD: APOE, PICALM, CLU, BCHE, CETP, CR1, SLC6A3, GRIN2
β, SORL1, TOMM40, GSK3
β, UNC5C, OPRD1, NAV2, HOMER2, and IL1RAP, and the slowing of the brain activity, assessed by means of RP at the aforementioned frequency bands. Methods: An Iberian cohort of 45 elderly controls, 45 individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and 109 AD patients in the three stages of the disease was considered. Genomic information and brain activity of each subject were analyzed. Results: The slowing of brain activity was observed in carriers of risk alleles in IL1RAP (rs10212109, rs9823517, rs4687150), UNC5C (rs17024131), and NAV2 (rs1425227, rs862785) genes, regardless of the disease status and situation towards the strongest risk factors: age, sex, and APOE ɛ4 presence. Conclusion: Endophenotypes reduce the complexity of the general phenotype and genetic variants with a major effect on those specific traits may be then identified. The found associations in this work are novel and may contribute to the comprehension of AD pathogenesis, each with a different biological role, and influencing multiple factors involved in brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Macedo
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,JTA: The Data Scientists, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Miguel Ângelo Rebelo
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesús Poza
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iva Gomes
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Luis Durães
- Associação Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Lavra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Associação Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Lavra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Figueruelo
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Carmen Pita
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Miguel Arenas
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINBIO (Biomedical Research Center), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Adeneas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alexandra M Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia Pinto
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Iliadou P, Paliokas I, Zygouris S, Lazarou E, Votis K, Tzovaras D, Tsolaki M. A Comparison of Traditional and Serious Game-Based Digital Markers of Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1747-1759. [PMID: 33459650 PMCID: PMC7990420 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to assess brain activity while users are playing an immersive serious game. Objective: To assess differences in brain activation as measured with a non-intrusive wearable EEG device, differences in game performance and correlations between EEG power, game performance and global cognition, between cognitively impaired and non-impaired older adults, during the administration of a novel self-administered serious game-based test, the Virtual Supermarket Test (VST). Methods: 43 older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 33 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited from day centers for cognitive disorders. Global cognition was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Brain activity was measured with a non-intrusive wearable EEG device in a resting state condition and while they were administered the VST. Results: During resting state condition, the MCI group showed increased alpha, beta, delta, and theta band power compared to the SCD group. During the administration of the VST, the MCI group showed increased beta and theta band power compared to the SCD group. Regarding game performance, alpha, beta, delta, and theta rhythms were positively correlated with average duration, while delta rhythm was positively correlated with mean errors. MoCA correlated with alpha, beta, delta, and theta rhythms and with average game duration and mean game errors indicating that elevated EEG rhythms in MCI may be associated with an overall cognitive decline. Conclusion: VST performance can be used as a digital biomarker. Cheap commercially available wearable EEG devices can be used for obtaining brain activity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Paliokas
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stelios Zygouris
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.,Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Eftychia Lazarou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Votis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzovaras
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Tsolaki
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Boord MS, Moezzi B, Davis D, Ross TJ, Coussens S, Psaltis PJ, Bourke A, Keage HAD. Investigating how electroencephalogram measures associate with delirium: A systematic review. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:246-257. [PMID: 33069620 PMCID: PMC8410607 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Delirium is a common neurocognitive disorder in hospital settings, characterised by fluctuating impairments in attention and arousal following an acute precipitant. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a useful method to understand delirium pathophysiology. We performed a systematic review to investigate associations between delirium and EEG measures recorded prior, during, and after delirium. A total of 1,655 articles were identified using PsycINFO, Embase and MEDLINE, 31 of which satisfied inclusion criteria. Methodological quality assessment was undertaken, resulting in a mean quality score of 4 out of a maximum of 5. Qualitative synthesis revealed EEG slowing and reduced functional connectivity discriminated between those with and without delirium (i.e. EEG during delirium); the opposite pattern was apparent in children, with cortical hyperexcitability. EEG appears to have utility in differentiating those with and without delirium, but delirium vulnerability and the long-term effects on brain function require further investigation. Findings provide empirical support for the theory that delirium is a disorder of reduced functional brain integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique S Boord
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Bahar Moezzi
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel Davis
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tyler J Ross
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Scott Coussens
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alice Bourke
- Department of Geriatric and Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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13
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Yurgil KA, Velasquez MA, Winston JL, Reichman NB, Colombo PJ. Music Training, Working Memory, and Neural Oscillations: A Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32153474 PMCID: PMC7047970 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on reports that link music training to working memory and neural oscillations. Music training is increasingly associated with improvement in working memory, which is strongly related to both localized and distributed patterns of neural oscillations. Importantly, there is a small but growing number of reports of relationships between music training, working memory, and neural oscillations in adults. Taken together, these studies make important contributions to our understanding of the neural mechanisms that support effects of music training on behavioral measures of executive functions. In addition, they reveal gaps in our knowledge that hold promise for further investigation. The current review is divided into the main sections that follow: (1) discussion of behavioral measures of working memory, and effects of music training on working memory in adults; (2) relationships between music training and neural oscillations during temporal stages of working memory; (3) relationships between music training and working memory in children; (4) relationships between music training and working memory in older adults; and (5) effects of entrainment of neural oscillations on cognitive processing. We conclude that the study of neural oscillations is proving useful in elucidating the neural mechanisms of relationships between music training and the temporal stages of working memory. Moreover, a lifespan approach to these studies will likely reveal strategies to improve and maintain executive function during development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Yurgil
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Jenna L. Winston
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Noah B. Reichman
- Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paul J. Colombo
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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14
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Benwell CSY, Davila-Pérez P, Fried PJ, Jones RN, Travison TG, Santarnecchi E, Pascual-Leone A, Shafi MM. EEG spectral power abnormalities and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 85:83-95. [PMID: 31727363 PMCID: PMC6942171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic neural activity has been proposed to play a fundamental role in cognition. Both healthy and pathological aging are characterized by frequency-specific changes in oscillatory activity. However, the cognitive relevance of these changes across the spectrum from normal to pathological aging remains unknown. We examined electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of cognitive function in healthy aging and 2 of the most prominent and debilitating age-related disorders: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Relative to healthy controls (HC), patients with AD were impaired on nearly every cognitive measure, whereas patients with T2DM performed worse mainly on learning and memory tests. A continuum of alterations in resting-state EEG was associated with pathological aging, generally characterized by reduced alpha (α) and beta (β) power (AD < T2DM < HC) and increased delta (δ) and theta (θ) power (AD > T2DM > HC), with some variations across different brain regions. There were also reductions in the frequency and power density of the posterior dominant rhythm in AD. The ratio of (α + β)/(δ + θ) was specifically associated with cognitive function in a domain- and diagnosis-specific manner. The results thus captured both similarities and differences in the pathophysiology of cerebral oscillations in T2DM and AD. Overall, pathological brain aging is marked by a shift in oscillatory power from higher to lower frequencies, which can be captured by a single cognitively relevant measure of the ratio of (α + β) over (δ + θ) power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Y Benwell
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Paula Davila-Pérez
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroscience and Motor Control Group (NEUROcom), Institute for Biomedical Research (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Peter J Fried
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard N Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas G Travison
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA; Institut Guttman, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Memory Health, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Gaubert S, Raimondo F, Houot M, Corsi MC, Naccache L, Diego Sitt J, Hermann B, Oudiette D, Gagliardi G, Habert MO, Dubois B, De Vico Fallani F, Bakardjian H, Epelbaum S. EEG evidence of compensatory mechanisms in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2019; 142:2096-2112. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Early biomarkers are needed to identify individuals at high risk of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease and to better understand the pathophysiological processes of disease progression. Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease EEG changes would be non-invasive and cheap screening tools and could also help to predict future progression to clinical Alzheimer’s disease. However, the impact of amyloid-β deposition and neurodegeneration on EEG biomarkers needs to be elucidated. We included participants from the INSIGHT-preAD cohort, which is an ongoing single-centre multimodal observational study that was designed to identify risk factors and markers of progression to clinical Alzheimer’s disease in 318 cognitively normal individuals aged 70–85 years with a subjective memory complaint. We divided the subjects into four groups, according to their amyloid status (based on 18F-florbetapir PET) and neurodegeneration status (evidenced by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET brain metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease signature regions). The first group was amyloid-positive and neurodegeneration-positive, which corresponds to stage 2 of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. The second group was amyloid-positive and neurodegeneration-negative, which corresponds to stage 1 of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. The third group was amyloid-negative and neurodegeneration-positive, which corresponds to ‘suspected non-Alzheimer’s pathophysiology’. The last group was the control group, defined by amyloid-negative and neurodegeneration-negative subjects. We analysed 314 baseline 256-channel high-density eyes closed 1-min resting state EEG recordings. EEG biomarkers included spectral measures, algorithmic complexity and functional connectivity assessed with a novel information-theoretic measure, weighted symbolic mutual information. The most prominent effects of neurodegeneration on EEG metrics were localized in frontocentral regions with an increase in high frequency oscillations (higher beta and gamma power) and a decrease in low frequency oscillations (lower delta power), higher spectral entropy, higher complexity and increased functional connectivity measured by weighted symbolic mutual information in theta band. Neurodegeneration was associated with a widespread increase of median spectral frequency. We found a non-linear relationship between amyloid burden and EEG metrics in neurodegeneration-positive subjects, either following a U-shape curve for delta power or an inverted U-shape curve for the other metrics, meaning that EEG patterns are modulated differently depending on the degree of amyloid burden. This finding suggests initial compensatory mechanisms that are overwhelmed for the highest amyloid load. Together, these results indicate that EEG metrics are useful biomarkers for the preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Gaubert
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Inria, Aramis project-team, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Federico Raimondo
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Departamento de computación, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- GIGA Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Coma Science Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marion Houot
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
- Center for Clinical Investigation (CIC) Neurosciences, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Constance Corsi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Inria, Aramis project-team, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurophysiology, Paris, France
| | - Jacobo Diego Sitt
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Hermann
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département ‘R3S’), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, IHU@ICM, INSERM, CNRS UMR 7225, équipe MOV’IT, Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Gagliardi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Paris, France
- Centre d’Acquisition et de Traitement des Images, CATI neuroimaging platform, France (www.cati-neuroimaging.com)
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Inria, Aramis project-team, Paris, France
| | - Hovagim Bakardjian
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Inria, Aramis project-team, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Centre of excellence of neurodegenerative disease (CoEN), National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias, Department of Neurology, Paris, France
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16
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Duration of the Symptoms and Brain Aging in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome that is characterized by widespread pain and an altered brain dynamic. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the duration of the symptoms on the cortical activity of women with fibromyalgia using electroencephalogram power spectrum analyses in an eye-closed resting state. Twenty-nine women participated in this cross-sectional study (N: 29; age: 55.59 [9.50]). Theta, alpha, beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 frequency bands were analyzed using EEGLAB. Theta power significantly correlated with the duration of the symptoms, but not with age. In addition, participants were divided into two groups according to number the years for which they were suffering from fibromyalgia. Participants who had a longer duration of symptoms obtained higher theta power in the frontal (Fp1, F4, F7, F8, and Fz), central (C3, C4, and Cz), and parietal (P3 and Pz) areas than those who had a shorter duration of symptoms, which may be related to brain aging. This exploratory study demonstrates for the first time that the frontal, central, and parietal areas may be influenced by the years in which they were suffering from the symptoms of fibromyalgia. This might indicate that the duration of these symptoms may have a higher impact on brain aging than the actual age of the patient.
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17
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Caravaglios G, Castro G, Muscoso EG, Crivelli D, Balconi M. Beta Responses in Healthy Elderly and in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment During a Task of Temporal Orientation of Attention. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:258-271. [PMID: 27807013 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416676144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that beta oscillations are elicited during cognitive processes. To investigate their potential as electrophysiological markers of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), we recorded beta EEG activity during resting and during an omitted tone task in patients and healthy elderly. Thirty participants were enrolled (15 patients, 15 healthy controls). In particular, we investigated event-related spectral perturbation and intertrial coherence indices. Analyses showed that ( a) healthy elderly presented greater beta power at rest than patients with aMCI patients; ( b) during the task, healthy elderly were more accurate than aMCI patients and presented greater beta power than aMCI patients; ( c) both groups showed qualitatively similar spectral perturbation responses during the task, but different spatiotemporal response patterns; and ( d) aMCI patients presented greater beta phase locking than healthy elderly during the task. Results indicate that beta activity in healthy elderly differs from that of patients with aMCI. Furthermore, the analysis of task-related EEG activity extends evidences obtained during resting and suggests that during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease there is a reduced efficiency in information exchange by large-scale neural networks. The study for the first time shows the potential of task-related beta responses as early markers of aMCI impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caravaglios
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for AD Diagnosis and Care, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castro
- 2 Local Health Department of Catania, Semi-residential Center for Dementia of Acireale, Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Emma Gabriella Muscoso
- 1 Department of Neurology, Center for AD Diagnosis and Care, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Crivelli
- 3 Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,4 Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- 3 Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,4 Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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Doehner W, Praße L, Wolpers J, Brückner MK, Ueberham U, Arendt T. Transgenerational transmission of an anticholinergic endophenotype with memory dysfunction. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 51:19-30. [PMID: 28033505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cholinergic neurotransmission associated with cognitive dysfunction occurs in various mental disorders of different etiologies including Alzheimer's disease and postalcoholic dementia and others. To address the question whether there exists a common endophenotype with a defined genetic and/or epigenetic signature causing mental dysfunction in these disorders, we investigated 2 generations of offspring born to alcohol-treated mothers. Here, we show that memory impairment and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine occurs in both F1 (exposed to ethanol in utero) and F2 generation (never been exposed to ethanol). Effects in the F2 generation are most likely consequences of transgenerationally transmitted epigenetic modifications in stem cells induced by alcohol. This clearly documents the role of ancestral history of drug abuse on the brain development of subsequent generations. The results further suggest an epigenetic trait for an anticholinergic endophenotype associated with cognitive dysfunction which might be relevant to our understanding of mental impairment in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Doehner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Praße
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - James Wolpers
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina K Brückner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Ueberham
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Arendt T, Morawski M, Gärtner U, Fröhlich N, Schulze F, Wohmann N, Jäger C, Eisenlöffel C, Gertz HJ, Mueller W, Brauer K. Inhomogeneous distribution of Alzheimer pathology along the isocortical relief. Are cortical convolutions an Achilles heel of evolution? Brain Pathol 2016; 27:603-611. [PMID: 27564538 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Progression of both plaques and tangles throughout the brain follows a hierarchical distribution which is defined by intrinsic cytoarchitectonic features and extrinsic connectivity patterns. What has less well been studied is how cortical convolutions influence the distribution of AD pathology. Here, the distribution of both plaques and tangles within subsulcal gyral components (fundi) to components forming their top regions at the subarachnoidal brain surface (crowns) by stereological methods in seven different cortical areas was systematically compared. Further, principle differences in cytoarchitectonic organization of cortical crowns and fundi that might provide the background for regionally selective vulnerability were attempted to identify. It was shown that both plaques and tangles were more prominent in sulcal fundi than gyri crowns. The differential distribution of pathology along convolutions corresponds to subgyral differences in the vascular network, GFAP-positive astrocytes and intracortical and subcortical connectivity. While the precise mechanisms accounting for these differences remain open, the presence of systematic inhomogeneities in the distribution of AD pathology along cortical convolutions indicates that the phylogenetic shaping of the cortex is associated with features that render the human brain vulnerable to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 123, Giessen, 35385, Germany
| | - Nadine Fröhlich
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Falko Schulze
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nils Wohmann
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Christian Eisenlöffel
- Department of Neuropathology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 24, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gertz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universität Leipzig, Semmelweisstrasse 10, Leipzig, 4103, Germany
| | - Wolf Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 24, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Kurt Brauer
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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20
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Volf NV, Belousova LV, Knyazev GG, Kulikov AV. Interactive effect of 5-HTTLPR genotype and age on sources of cortical rhythms in healthy women. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 109:107-115. [PMID: 27616474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to localize the effects of 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region) on the age differences of spontaneous EEG activity in women using neuroimaging analysis sLORETA (Standardized Low Resolution brain Electromagnetic Tomography). DNA samples extracted from cheek swabs and resting-state EEG recorded at 60 standard leads were collected from young (YW, N=86, 18-35years) and older (OW, N=45; 55-80years) healthy women. We have shown that advanced age was associated with increased posterior EEG desynchronization in S'/S'. S' (LG allele was grouped with S alleles owing to its functional equivalence and this group was labeled as S') genotype carriers denoted by decrease of delta - beta1 current source density, and to a lesser extent in L/L homozygotes denoted by decrease in delta activity. In heterozygotes OW, as compared with heterozygotes YW, higher source density estimates of beta1 in frontal and temporal cortex were observed. Age differences were more pronounced in the right hemisphere in S'/S' and L/L carriers and in the left hemisphere in heterozygotes. We also found that in OW, current source density estimates of theta, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3 and beta1 sources in the right occipital lobe were higher in S'/L than in S'/S' carriers. These results may have implications for understanding 5-HTT-dependent variation in the effect of aging on brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Volf
- State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova Street 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Belousova
- State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova Street 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
| | - Gennady G Knyazev
- State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakova Street 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kulikov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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21
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Arendt T, Stieler JT, Holzer M. Tau and tauopathies. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:238-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tatti E, Rossi S, Innocenti I, Rossi A, Santarnecchi E. Non-invasive brain stimulation of the aging brain: State of the art and future perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:66-89. [PMID: 27221544 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Favored by increased life expectancy and reduced birth rate, worldwide demography is rapidly shifting to older ages. The golden age of aging is not only an achievement but also a big challenge because of the load of the elderly on social and medical health care systems. Moreover, the impact of age-related decline of attention, memory, reasoning and executive functions on self-sufficiency emphasizes the need of interventions to maintain cognitive abilities at a useful degree in old age. Recently, neuroscientific research explored the chance to apply Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NiBS) techniques (as transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation) to healthy aging population to preserve or enhance physiologically-declining cognitive functions. The present review will update and address the current state of the art on NiBS in healthy aging. Feasibility of NiBS techniques will be discussed in light of recent neuroimaging (either structural or functional) and neurophysiological models proposed to explain neural substrates of the physiologically aging brain. Further, the chance to design multidisciplinary interventions to maximize the efficacy of NiBS techniques will be introduced as a necessary future direction.
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Babiloni C, Lizio R, Marzano N, Capotosto P, Soricelli A, Triggiani AI, Cordone S, Gesualdo L, Del Percio C. Brain neural synchronization and functional coupling in Alzheimer's disease as revealed by resting state EEG rhythms. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 103:88-102. [PMID: 25660305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Brayet P, Petit D, Frauscher B, Gagnon JF, Gosselin N, Gagnon K, Rouleau I, Montplaisir J. Quantitative EEG of Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep: A Marker of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Clin EEG Neurosci 2016; 47:134-41. [PMID: 26323578 DOI: 10.1177/1550059415603050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic system, which is impaired in early Alzheimer's disease, is more crucial for the activation of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) than it is for wakefulness. Quantitative EEG from REM sleep might thus provide an earlier and more accurate marker of the development of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects than that from wakefulness. To assess the superiority of the REM sleep EEG as a screening tool for preclinical Alzheimer's disease, 22 subjects with amnestic MCI (a-MCI; 63.9±7.7 years), 10 subjects with nonamnestic MCI (na-MCI; 64.1±4.5 years) and 32 controls (63.7±6.6 years) participated in the study. Spectral analyses of the waking EEG and REM sleep EEG were performed and the [(delta+theta)/(alpha+beta)] ratio was used to assess between-group differences in EEG slowing. The a-MCI subgroup showed EEG slowing in frontal lateral regions compared to both na-MCI and control groups. This EEG slowing was present in wakefulness (compared to controls) but was much more prominent in REM sleep. Moreover, the comparison between amnestic and nonamnestic subjects was found significant only for the REM sleep EEG. There was no difference in EEG power ratio between na-MCI and controls for any of the 7 cortical regions studied. These findings demonstrate the superiority of the REM sleep EEG in the discrimination between a-MCI and both na-MCI and control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Brayet
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Petit
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katia Gagnon
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Neurology Service, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Babiloni C, Triggiani AI, Lizio R, Cordone S, Tattoli G, Bevilacqua V, Soricelli A, Ferri R, Nobili F, Gesualdo L, Millán-Calenti JC, Buján A, Tortelli R, Cardinali V, Barulli MR, Giannini A, Spagnolo P, Armenise S, Buenza G, Scianatico G, Logroscino G, Frisoni GB, del Percio C. Classification of Single Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Individuals from Cortical Sources of Resting State EEG Rhythms. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:47. [PMID: 26941594 PMCID: PMC4763025 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown abnormal power and functional connectivity of resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in groups of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to healthy elderly (Nold) subjects. Here we tested the best classification rate of 120 AD patients and 100 matched Nold subjects using EEG markers based on cortical sources of power and functional connectivity of these rhythms. EEG data were recorded during resting state eyes-closed condition. Exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) estimated the power and functional connectivity of cortical sources in frontal, central, parietal, occipital, temporal, and limbic regions. Delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz) were the frequency bands of interest. The classification rates of interest were those with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) higher than 0.7 as a threshold for a moderate classification rate (i.e., 70%). Results showed that the following EEG markers overcame this threshold: (i) central, parietal, occipital, temporal, and limbic delta/alpha 1 current density; (ii) central, parietal, occipital temporal, and limbic delta/alpha 2 current density; (iii) frontal theta/alpha 1 current density; (iv) occipital delta/alpha 1 inter-hemispherical connectivity; (v) occipital-temporal theta/alpha 1 right and left intra-hemispherical connectivity; and (vi) parietal-limbic alpha 1 right intra-hemispherical connectivity. Occipital delta/alpha 1 current density showed the best classification rate (sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 78%, accuracy of 75.5%, and AUROC of 82%). These results suggest that EEG source markers can classify Nold and AD individuals with a moderate classification rate higher than 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRome, Italy
| | - Antonio I. Triggiani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of FoggiaFoggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Lizio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele PisanaRome, Italy
| | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tattoli
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of BariBari, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN - Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e NucleareNapoli, Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples ParthenopeNaples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain AgingTroina, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Service of Clinical Neurophysiology (DiNOGMI; DipTeC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - ISTGenoa, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Dipartimento Emergenza e Trapianti d'Organi, University of BariBari, Italy
| | - José C. Millán-Calenti
- Gerontology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A CoruñaA Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Buján
- Gerontology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A CoruñaA Coruña, Spain
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. PanicoLecce, Italy
| | - Valentina Cardinali
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. PanicoLecce, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Barulli
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. PanicoLecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Giannini
- Department of Imaging - Division of Radiology, Hospital “Di Venere”Bari, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Armenise
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Buenza
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. PanicoLecce, Italy
| | - Gaetano Scianatico
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. PanicoLecce, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. PanicoLecce, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS Centro “S. Giovanni di Dio-F.B.F.”Brescia, Italy
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio del Percio
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN - Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e NucleareNapoli, Italy
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Arendt T, Brückner MK, Lösche A. Regional mosaic genomic heterogeneity in the elderly and in Alzheimer's disease as a correlate of neuronal vulnerability. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:501-10. [PMID: 26298468 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by fibrillary aggregates of Aβ peptide and tau protein. The distribution of these pathological hallmarks throughout the brain is not random; it follows a predictive pattern that is used for pathological staging. However, most etiopathogenetic concepts, irrespective of whether they focus on Aβ or tau pathology, leave a key question unanswered: what is the explanation for the different vulnerabilities of brain regions in AD? The pattern of regional progression of neurofibrillary degeneration in AD to some extent inversely recapitulates ontogenetic and phylogenetic brain development. Accordingly, degeneration preferentially affects brain areas that have recently been acquired or restructured during anthropoid evolution, which means that the involvement of a neurodevelopmental mechanism is highly likely. Since evolutionary expansion of the neocortex is based on a substantial extension of the mitotic activity of progenitor cells, we propose a conceptual link between neurogenesis in anthropoid primates and a higher risk of accumulating mitotic errors that give rise to genomic aberrations commonly referred to as DNA content variation (DCV). If increased rates of DCV make neurons more vulnerable to AD-related pathology, one might expect there to be a higher rate of DCV in areas that are affected very early during the course of AD, as compared to areas which are hardly affected or are affected only during the most advanced stages. Therefore, in the present study, we comparatively analyzed the DCV in five different cortical areas that are affected during the early stage (entorhinal cortex), the intermediate stage (temporal, frontal, and parietal association cortex), and the late stage (primary sensory occipital cortex) of AD in both normal elderly subjects and AD patients. On average, we observed about 10 % neuronal mosaic DCV in the normal elderly and a two- to threefold increase in DCV in AD patients. We were able to demonstrate, moreover, that the neuronal DCV in the cerebral cortex of the normal elderly as well as the increased neuronal DCV in AD patients are not randomly distributed but instead show systematic regional differences which correspond to differences in vulnerability. These findings provide additional evidence that mosaic genomic heterogeneity may play a key role in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Arendt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martina K Brückner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Lösche
- Core Unit Fluorescence Technologies of the Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Neuroplastic effects of combined computerized physical and cognitive training in elderly individuals at risk for dementia: an eLORETA controlled study on resting states. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:172192. [PMID: 25945260 PMCID: PMC4405298 DOI: 10.1155/2015/172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates whether a combined cognitive and physical training may induce changes in the cortical activity as measured via electroencephalogram (EEG) and whether this change may index a deceleration of pathological processes of brain aging. Seventy seniors meeting the clinical criteria of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were equally divided into 5 groups: 3 experimental groups engaged in eight-week cognitive and/or physical training and 2 control groups: active and passive. A 5-minute long resting state EEG was measured before and after the intervention. Cortical EEG sources were modelled by exact low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Cognitive function was assessed before and after intervention using a battery of neuropsychological tests including the minimental state examination (MMSE). A significant training effect was identified only after the combined training scheme: a decrease in the post- compared to pre-training activity of precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex in delta, theta, and beta bands. This effect was correlated to improvements in cognitive capacity as evaluated by MMSE scores. Our results indicate that combined physical and cognitive training shows indices of a positive neuroplastic effect in MCI patients and that EEG may serve as a potential index of gains versus cognitive declines and neurodegeneration. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02313935.
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Caplan JB, Bottomley M, Kang P, Dixon RA. Distinguishing rhythmic from non-rhythmic brain activity during rest in healthy neurocognitive aging. Neuroimage 2015; 112:341-352. [PMID: 25769279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic brain activity at low frequencies (<12Hz) during rest are thought to increase in neurodegenerative disease, but findings in healthy neurocognitive aging are mixed. Here we address two reasons conventional spectral analyses may have led to inconsistent results. First, spectral-power measures are compared to a baseline condition; when resting activity is the signal of interest, it is unclear what the baseline should be. Second, conventional methods do not clearly differentiate power due to rhythmic versus non-rhythmic activity. The Better OSCillation detection method (BOSC; Caplan et al., 2001; Whitten et al., 2011) avoids these problems by using the signal's own spectral characteristics as a reference to detect elevations in power lasting a few cycles. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) signal during rest, alternating eyes open and closed, in healthy younger (18-25 years) and older (60-74 years) participants. Topographic plots suggested the conventional and BOSC analyses measured different sources of activity, particularly at frequencies, like delta (1-4Hz), at which rhythms are sporadic; topographies were more similar in the 8-12Hz alpha band. There was little theta-band activity meeting the BOSC method's criteria, suggesting prior findings of theta power in healthy aging may reflect non-rhythmic signal. In contrast, delta oscillations were present at higher levels than theta in both age groups. In summary, applying strict and standardized criteria for rhythmicity, slow rhythms appear present in the resting brain at delta and alpha, but not theta frequencies, and appear unchanged in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Caplan
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Monica Bottomley
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pardeep Kang
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roger A Dixon
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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29
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Al-Jumeily D, Iram S, Vialatte FB, Fergus P, Hussain A. A novel method of early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on EEG signals. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:931387. [PMID: 25688379 PMCID: PMC4320850 DOI: 10.1155/2015/931387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported that electroencephalogram signals in Alzheimer's disease patients usually have less synchronization than those of healthy subjects. Changes in electroencephalogram signals start at early stage but, clinically, these changes are not easily detected. To detect this perturbation, three neural synchrony measurement techniques: phase synchrony, magnitude squared coherence, and cross correlation are applied to three different databases of mild Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy subjects. We have compared the right and left temporal lobes of the brain with the rest of the brain areas (frontal, central, and occipital) as temporal regions are relatively the first ones to be affected by Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, electroencephalogram signals are further classified into five different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha beta, and gamma) because each frequency band has its own physiological significance in terms of signal evaluation. A new approach using principal component analysis before applying neural synchrony measurement techniques has been presented and compared with Average technique. The simulation results indicated that applying principal component analysis before synchrony measurement techniques shows significantly better results as compared to the lateral one. At the end, all the aforementioned techniques are assessed by a statistical test (Mann-Whitney U test) to compare the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiya Al-Jumeily
- Applied Computing Research Group, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Shamaila Iram
- Applied Computing Research Group, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Francois-Benois Vialatte
- Laboratoire SIGMA, ESPCI ParisTech, 14 boulevard des Frères Voisin, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Paul Fergus
- Applied Computing Research Group, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Abir Hussain
- Applied Computing Research Group, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Ittner AA, Gladbach A, Bertz J, Suh LS, Ittner LM. p38 MAP kinase-mediated NMDA receptor-dependent suppression of hippocampal hypersynchronicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:149. [PMID: 25331068 PMCID: PMC4212118 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersynchronicity of neuronal brain circuits is a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mouse models of AD expressing mutated forms of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), a central protein involved in AD pathology, show cortical hypersynchronicity. We studied hippocampal circuitry in APP23 transgenic mice using telemetric electroencephalography (EEG), at the age of onset of memory deficits. APP23 mice display spontaneous hypersynchronicity in the hippocampus including epileptiform spike trains. Furthermore, spectral contributions of hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations are compromised in APP23 mice, compared to non-transgenic controls. Using cross-frequency coupling analysis, we show that hippocampal gamma amplitude modulation by theta phase is markedly impaired in APP23 mice. Hippocampal hypersynchronicity and waveforms are differentially modulated by injection of riluzole and the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor MK801, suggesting specific involvement of voltage-gated sodium channels and NMDA receptors in hypersynchronicity thresholds in APP23 mice. Furthermore, APP23 mice show marked activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in hippocampus, and injection of MK801 but not riluzole reduces activation of p38 in the hippocampus. A p38 inhibitor induces hypersynchronicity in APP23 mice to a similar extent as MK801, thus supporting suppression of hypersynchronicity involves NMDA receptors-mediated p38 activity. In summary, we characterize components of hippocampal hypersynchronicity, waveform patterns and cross-frequency coupling in the APP23 mouse model by pharmacological modulation, furthering the understanding of epileptiform brain activity in AD.
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Vlahou EL, Thurm F, Kolassa IT, Schlee W. Resting-state slow wave power, healthy aging and cognitive performance. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5101. [PMID: 24869503 PMCID: PMC4037748 DOI: 10.1038/srep05101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functions and spontaneous neural activity show significant changes over the life-span, but the interrelations between age, cognition and resting-state brain oscillations are not well understood. Here, we assessed performance on the Trail Making Test and resting-state magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings from 53 healthy adults (18-89 years old) to investigate associations between age-dependent changes in spontaneous oscillatory activity and cognitive performance. Results show that healthy aging is accompanied by a marked and linear decrease of resting-state activity in the slow frequency range (0.5-6.5 Hz). The effects of slow wave power on cognitive performance were expressed as interactions with age: For older (>54 years), but not younger participants, enhanced delta and theta power in temporal and central regions was positively associated with perceptual speed and executive functioning. Consistent with previous work, these findings substantiate further the important role of slow wave oscillations in neurocognitive function during healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni L Vlahou
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- 1] Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, University of Ulm, Germany [2] Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Winfried Schlee
- 1] Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, University of Ulm, Germany [2] Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
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32
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EEG changes caused by spontaneous facial self-touch may represent emotion regulating processes and working memory maintenance. Brain Res 2014; 1557:111-26. [PMID: 24530432 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous facial self-touch gestures (sFSTG) are performed manifold every day by every human being, primarily in stressful situations. These movements are not usually designed to communicate and are frequently accomplished with little or no awareness. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sFSTG are associated with specific changes in the electrical brain activity that might indicate an involvement of regulatory emotional processes and working memory. Fourteen subjects performed a delayed memory task of complex haptic stimuli. The stimuli had to be explored and then remembered for a retention interval of 5min. The retention interval was interrupted by unpleasant sounds from The International Affective Digitized Sounds and short sound-free periods. During the experiment a video stream of behavior, 19-channel EEG, and EMG (of forearm muscles) were recorded. Comparisons of the behavioral data and spectral power of different EEG frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) were conducted. An increase of sFSTG during the application of unpleasant sounds was observed. A significant increase of spectral theta and beta power was observed after exploration of the stimuli as well as after sFSTG in centro-parietal electrodes. The spectral theta power extremely decreased just before sFSTG during the retention interval. Contrary to this, no significant changes were detected in any of the frequencies when the spectral power before and after instructed facial self-touch movements (b-iFSTG and a-iFSTG) were compared. The changes of spectral theta power in the intervals before and after sFSTG in centro-parietal electrodes imply that sFSTG are associated with cortical regulatory processes in the domains of working memory and emotions.
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Hampel H, Lista S, Teipel SJ, Garaci F, Nisticò R, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Bertram L, Duyckaerts C, Bakardjian H, Drzezga A, Colliot O, Epelbaum S, Broich K, Lehéricy S, Brice A, Khachaturian ZS, Aisen PS, Dubois B. Perspective on future role of biological markers in clinical therapy trials of Alzheimer's disease: a long-range point of view beyond 2020. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 88:426-49. [PMID: 24275164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying various paths toward the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has begun to provide new insight for interventions to modify disease progression. The evolving knowledge gained from multidisciplinary basic research has begun to identify new concepts for treatments and distinct classes of therapeutic targets; as well as putative disease-modifying compounds that are now being tested in clinical trials. There is a mounting consensus that such disease modifying compounds and/or interventions are more likely to be effectively administered as early as possible in the cascade of pathogenic processes preceding and underlying the clinical expression of AD. The budding sentiment is that "treatments" need to be applied before various molecular mechanisms converge into an irreversible pathway leading to morphological, metabolic and functional alterations that characterize the pathophysiology of AD. In light of this, biological indicators of pathophysiological mechanisms are desired to chart and detect AD throughout the asymptomatic early molecular stages into the prodromal and early dementia phase. A major conceptual development in the clinical AD research field was the recent proposal of new diagnostic criteria, which specifically incorporate the use of biomarkers as defining criteria for preclinical stages of AD. This paradigm shift in AD definition, conceptualization, operationalization, detection and diagnosis represents novel fundamental opportunities for the modification of interventional trial designs. This perspective summarizes not only present knowledge regarding biological markers but also unresolved questions on the status of surrogate indicators for detection of the disease in asymptomatic people and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Pavillon François Lhermitte, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Simone Lista
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology, and Radiotherapy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome and San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Lars Bertram
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond-Escourolle, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hovagim Bakardjian
- IM2A - Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France; IHU-A-ICM - Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivier Colliot
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975 Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France; INRIA, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-Rocquencourt, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- IHU-A-ICM - Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975 Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975 Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul S Aisen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Kitchigina V, Popova I, Sinelnikova V, Malkov A, Astasheva E, Shubina L, Aliev R. Disturbances of septohippocampal theta oscillations in the epileptic brain: Reasons and consequences. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:314-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Saponjic J, Petrovic J, Kalauzi A, Ciric J, Lazic K, Radulovacki M, Carley DW. Sleep-state related EEG amplitude distribution in the rat model of cortical cholinergic innervation disorder. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology; Institute for Biological Research - Sinisa Stankovic; University of Belgrade; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Jelena Petrovic
- Department of Neurobiology; Institute for Biological Research - Sinisa Stankovic; University of Belgrade; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Kalauzi
- Department for Life Sciences; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research; University of Belgrade; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Jelena Ciric
- Department of Neurobiology; Institute for Biological Research - Sinisa Stankovic; University of Belgrade; Belgrade; Serbia
| | - Katarina Lazic
- Department of Neurobiology; Institute for Biological Research - Sinisa Stankovic; University of Belgrade; Belgrade; Serbia
| | | | - David W Carley
- Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research; University of Illinois; Chicago; Illinois; USA
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36
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Vecchio F, Babiloni C, Lizio R, Fallani FDV, Blinowska K, Verrienti G, Frisoni G, Rossini PM. Resting state cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease: toward EEG markers for clinical applications: a review. SUPPLEMENTS TO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2013; 62:223-36. [PMID: 24053043 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5307-8.00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human brain contains an intricate network of about 100 billion neurons. Aging of the brain is characterized by a combination of synaptic pruning, loss of cortico-cortical connections, and neuronal apoptosis that provoke an age-dependent decline of cognitive functions. Neural/synaptic redundancy and plastic remodeling of brain networking, also secondary to mental and physical training, promote maintenance of brain activity and cognitive status in healthy elderly subjects for everyday life. However, age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) that impact on cognition. Growing evidence supports the idea that AD targets specific and functionally connected neuronal networks and that oscillatory electromagnetic brain activity might be a hallmark of the disease. In this line, digital electroencephalography (EEG) allows noninvasive analysis of cortical neuronal synchronization, as revealed by resting state brain rhythms. This review provides an overview of the studies on resting state eyes-closed EEG rhythms recorded in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects. Several studies support the idea that spectral markers of these EEG rhythms, such as power density, spectral coherence, and other quantitative features, differ among normal elderly, MCI, and AD subjects, at least at group level. Regarding the classification of these subjects at individual level, the most previous studies showed a moderate accuracy (70-80%) in the classification of EEG markers relative to normal and AD subjects. In conclusion, resting state EEG makers are promising for large-scale, low-cost, fully noninvasive screening of elderly subjects at risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vecchio
- A.Fa.R., Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy
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37
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Babiloni C, Carducci F, Lizio R, Vecchio F, Baglieri A, Bernardini S, Cavedo E, Bozzao A, Buttinelli C, Esposito F, Giubilei F, Guizzaro A, Marino S, Montella P, Quattrocchi CC, Redolfi A, Soricelli A, Tedeschi G, Ferri R, Rossi-Fedele G, Ursini F, Scrascia F, Vernieri F, Pedersen TJ, Hardemark HG, Rossini PM, Frisoni GB. Resting state cortical electroencephalographic rhythms are related to gray matter volume in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1427-46. [PMID: 22331654 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical gray matter volume and resting state cortical electroencephalographic rhythms are typically abnormal in subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we tested the hypothesis that in amnesic MCI and AD subjects, abnormalities of EEG rhythms are a functional reflection of cortical atrophy across the disease. Eyes-closed resting state EEG data were recorded in 57 healthy elderly (Nold), 102 amnesic MCI, and 108 AD patients. Cortical gray matter volume was indexed by magnetic resonance imaging recorded in the MCI and AD subjects according to Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative project (http://www.adni-info.org/). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta1 (13-20 Hz), beta2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz). These rhythms were indexed by LORETA. Compared with the Nold, the MCI showed a decrease in amplitude of alpha 1 sources. With respect to the Nold and MCI, the AD showed an amplitude increase of delta sources, along with a strong amplitude reduction of alpha 1 sources. In the MCI and AD subjects as a whole group, the lower the cortical gray matter volume, the higher the delta sources, the lower the alpha 1 sources. The better the score to cognitive tests the higher the gray matter volume, the lower the pathological delta sources, and the higher the alpha sources. These results suggest that in amnesic MCI and AD subjects, abnormalities of resting state cortical EEG rhythms are not epiphenomena but are strictly related to neurodegeneration (atrophy of cortical gray matter) and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 7, Foggia, Italy.
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Neo P, Carter D, Zheng Y, Smith P, Darlington C, McNaughton N. Septal elicitation of hippocampal theta rhythm did not repair cognitive and emotional deficits resulting from vestibular lesions. Hippocampus 2011; 22:1176-87. [PMID: 21748822 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral vestibular lesions cause atrophy of the hippocampus in humans and subsequent deficits in spatial memory and the processing of emotional stimuli in both rats and humans. Vestibular lesions also impair hippocampal theta rhythm in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether restoring theta rhythm to the hippocampus of a rat, via stimulation of the medial septum, would repair the deficits caused by vestibular lesions. It was hypothesized that the restoration of theta would repair the deficits and the vestibular rats would exhibit behavior and EEG similar to that of the sham rats. Rats were given either sham surgery or bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD) followed in a later operation by electrode implants. Half of the lesioned rats received stimulation. Subjects were tested in open field, elevated T-maze and spatial nonmatching to sample tests. BVD caused a deficit in hippocampal theta rhythm. Stimulation restored theta power at a higher frequency in the vestibular-lesioned rats, however, the stimulation did not repair the cognitive and emotional deficits caused by the lesions. It was concluded that stimulation, at least in the form used here, would not be a viable treatment option for vestibular damaged humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Neo
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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39
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Lizio R, Vecchio F, Frisoni GB, Ferri R, Rodriguez G, Babiloni C. Electroencephalographic rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:927573. [PMID: 21629714 PMCID: PMC3100729 DOI: 10.4061/2011/927573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological brain aging is characterized by synapses loss and neurodegeneration that slowly lead to an age-related decline of cognition. Neural/synaptic redundancy and plastic remodelling of brain networking, also due to mental and physical training, promotes maintenance of brain activity in healthy elderly subjects for everyday life and good social behaviour and intellectual capabilities. However, age is the major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative disorders that impact on cognition, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain electromagnetic activity is a feature of neuronal network function in various brain regions. Modern neurophysiological techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs), are useful tools in the investigation of brain cognitive function in normal and pathological aging with an excellent time resolution. These techniques can index normal and abnormal brain aging analysis of corticocortical connectivity and neuronal synchronization of rhythmic oscillations at various frequencies. The present review suggests that discrimination between physiological and pathological brain aging clearly emerges at the group level, with suggested applications also at the level of single individual. The possibility of combining the use of EEG together with biological/neuropsychological markers and structural/functional imaging is promising for a low-cost, non-invasive, and widely available assessment of groups of individuals at-risk.
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40
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van der Hiele K, Reijntjes RHAM, Vein AA, Westendorp RGJ, van Buchem MA, Bollen ELEM, Middelkoop HAM, van Dijk JG. Electromyographic activity in the EEG in Alzheimer's disease: noise or signal? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:547024. [PMID: 21559240 PMCID: PMC3089836 DOI: 10.4061/2011/547024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many efforts have been directed at negating the influence of electromyographic (EMG) activity on the EEG, especially in elderly demented patients. We wondered whether these “artifacts” might reflect cognitive and behavioural aspects of dementia. In this pilot study, 11 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), 13 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 13 controls underwent EEG registration. As EMG measures, we used frontal and temporal 50–70 Hz activity. We found that the EEGs of AD patients displayed more theta activity, less alpha reactivity, and more frontal EMG than controls. Interestingly, increased EMG activity indicated more cognitive impairment and more depressive complaints. EEG variables on the whole distinguished better between groups than EMG variables, but an EMG variable was best for the distinction between MCI and controls. Our results suggest that EMG activity in the EEG could be more than noise; it differs systematically between groups and may reflect different cerebral functions than the EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin van der Hiele
- Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Theta EEG source localization using LORETA in partial epilepsy patients with and without medication. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 121:848-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tarawneh R, Holtzman DM. Biomarkers in translational research of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:310-22. [PMID: 20394760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification and characterization of amyloid-beta (Abeta) and tau as the main pathological substrates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have driven many efforts in search for suitable biomarkers for AD. In the last decade, research in this area has focused on developing a better understanding of the principles that govern protein deposition, mechanisms that link aggregation to toxicity and neuronal death, and a better understanding of protein dynamics in brain tissue, interstitial fluid and CSF. While Abeta and tau represent the two key pathological mediators of disease, other aspects of this multifaceted disease (e.g. oxidative stress, calcium-mediated toxicity, and neuroinflammation) are being unraveled, with the hope to develop a more comprehensive approach in exploring disease mechanisms. This has not only expanded possible areas for disease-modifying therapies, but has also allowed the introduction of novel, and potentially useful, fluid and radiological markers for the presence and progression of AD pathology. There is no doubt that the identification of several fluid and imaging biomarkers that can reliably detect the early stages of AD will have great implications in the design of clinical trials, in the selection of homogenous research populations, and in the assessment of disease outcomes. Markers with good diagnostic specificity will aid researchers in differentiating individuals with preclinical and probable AD from individuals who do not have AD pathology or have other dementing disorders. Markers that change with disease progression may offer utility in assessing the rates of disease progression and the efficacy of potential therapeutic agents on AD pathology. For both of these purposes, CSF Abeta42, amyloid imaging, and CSF tau appear to be very good markers of the presence of AD pathology as well as predictive of who will progress from MCI to AD. Volumetric MRI is also good at separating individuals with MCI and AD from controls and is predictive of who will progress from MCI to AD. Perhaps the most important role biomarkers will have, and the most needed at this time, lies in the identification of individuals who are cognitively normal, and yet have evidence of AD pathology (i.e. preclinical AD). Such individuals, it appears, can be identified with CSF Abeta42, amyloid imaging, and CSF tau. Such individuals are the most likely to benefit from future disease modifying/prevention therapies as they become available, and therefore represent the population in which the field can make the biggest therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Babiloni C, Visser PJ, Frisoni G, De Deyn PP, Bresciani L, Jelic V, Nagels G, Rodriguez G, Rossini PM, Vecchio F, Colombo D, Verhey F, Wahlund LO, Nobili F. Cortical sources of resting EEG rhythms in mild cognitive impairment and subjective memory complaint. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:1787-98. [PMID: 19027196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Are cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms altered in amnesic and non-amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective memory complaint (SMC), and healthy elderly (Nold) subjects? Eyes-closed resting EEG was recorded in 79 Nold, 53 SMC, 51 non-amnesic MCI, and 92 amnesic MCI subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz) and gamma (30-40 Hz). Cortical EEG sources were estimated by standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). Results showed that (i) the frontal delta sources were greater in amplitude in the amnesic MCI and SMC subjects than in the Nold subjects (p<0.05-0.01); (ii) the parietal and occipital theta sources were lower in amplitude in the SMC subjects than in the Nold subjects (p<0.046); (iii) the occipital theta sources were greater in amplitude in the amnesic MCI subjects than in the SMC and non-amnesic MCI subjects (p<0.02-0.01); (iv) the parietal and occipital alpha 1 sources were greater in amplitude in the Nold subjects than in the SMC, non-amnesic MCI and amnesic MCI subjects (p<0.00001); (v) the central alpha 1 sources were lower in amplitude in the SMC subjects than in the non-amnesic MCI subjects (p<0.002); (vi) the occipital alpha 1 sources were greater in amplitude in the SMC subjects than in the amnesic MCI subjects (p<0.0003); (vii) the parietal and occipital alpha 2 sources were greater in amplitude in the Nold subjects than in the non-amnesic MCI subjects (p<0.041-0.0004); (viii) the occipital alpha 2 sources were greater in the SMC subjects than in the non-amnesic MCI subjects (p<0.02). These results suggest that amnesic MCI and SMC subjects present some of the typical alterations of brain neural synchronization as revealed by resting cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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44
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Mitchell DJ, McNaughton N, Flanagan D, Kirk IJ. Frontal-midline theta from the perspective of hippocampal “theta”. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 86:156-85. [PMID: 18824212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damon J Mitchell
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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45
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Jackson CE, Snyder PJ. Electroencephalography and event‐related potentials as biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2007; 4:S137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J. Snyder
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA
- Child Study CenterYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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46
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Missonnier P, Deiber MP, Gold G, Herrmann FR, Millet P, Michon A, Fazio-Costa L, Ibañez V, Giannakopoulos P. Working memory load-related electroencephalographic parameters can differentiate progressive from stable mild cognitive impairment. Neuroscience 2007; 150:346-56. [PMID: 17996378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies described several changes of endogenous event-related potentials (ERP) and brain rhythm synchronization during memory activation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To examine whether memory-related EEG parameters may predict cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we assessed P200 and N200 latencies as well as beta event-related synchronization (ERS) in 16 elderly controls (EC), 29 MCI cases and 10 patients with AD during the successful performance of a pure attentional detection task as compared with a highly working memory demanding two-back task. At 1 year follow-up, 16 MCI patients showed progressive cognitive decline (PMCI) and 13 remained stable (SMCI). Both P200 and N200 latencies in the two-back task were longer in PMCI and AD cases compared with EC and SMCI cases. During the interval 1000 ms to 1700 ms after stimulus, beta ERS at parietal electrodes was of lower amplitude in PMCI and AD compared with EC and SMCI cases. Univariate models showed that P200, N200 and log% beta values were significantly related to the SMCI/PMCI distinction with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93, 0.78 and 0.72, respectively. The combination of all three EEG hallmarks was the stronger predictor of MCI deterioration with 90% of correctly classified MCI cases. Our data reveal that PMCI and clinically overt AD share the same pattern of working memory-related EEG activation characterized by increased P200-N200 latencies and decreased beta ERS. They also show that P200 latency during the two-back task may be a simple and promising EEG marker of rapid cognitive decline in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Missonnier
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, 2 chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, 1225 Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland.
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47
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Babiloni C, Cassetta E, Binetti G, Tombini M, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Lanuzza B, Nobili F, Parisi L, Rodriguez G, Frigerio L, Gurzì M, Prestia A, Vernieri F, Eusebi F, Rossini PM. Resting EEG sources correlate with attentional span in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:3742-57. [PMID: 17610594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence has shown that resting delta and alpha electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms are abnormal in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its potential preclinical stage (mild cognitive impairment, MCI). Here, we tested the hypothesis that these EEG rhythms are correlated with memory and attention in the continuum across MCI and AD. Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 34 MCI and 53 AD subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). These sources were correlated with neuropsychological measures such as Rey list immediate recall (word short-term memory), Rey list delayed recall (word medium-term memory), Digit span forward (immediate memory for digits probing focused attention), and Corsi span forward (visuo-spatial immediate memory probing focused attention). A statistically significant negative correlation (Bonferroni corrected, P < 0.05) was observed between Corsi span forward score and amplitude of occipital or temporal delta sources across MCI and AD subjects. Furthermore, a positive correlation was shown between Digit span forward score and occipital alpha 1 sources (Bonferroni corrected, P < 0.05). These results suggest that cortical sources of resting delta and alpha rhythms correlate with neuropsychological measures of immediate memory based on focused attention in the continuum of MCI and AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dip. Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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48
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Rossini PM, Rossi S, Babiloni C, Polich J. Clinical neurophysiology of aging brain: from normal aging to neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 83:375-400. [PMID: 17870229 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological brain aging is characterized by a loss of synaptic contacts and neuronal apoptosis that provokes age-dependent decline of sensory processing, motor performance, and cognitive function. Neural redundancy and plastic remodelling of brain networking, also secondary to mental and physical training, promotes maintenance of brain activity in healthy elderly for everyday life and fully productive affective and intellectual capabilities. However, age is the main risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) that impact on cognition. Oscillatory electromagnetic brain activity is a hallmark of neuronal network function in various brain regions. Modern neurophysiological techniques including electroencephalography (EEG), event-related potential (ERP), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can accurately index normal and abnormal brain aging to facilitate non-invasive analysis of cortico-cortical connectivity and neuronal synchronization of firing and coherence of rhythmic oscillations at various frequencies. The present review provides a perspective of these issues by assaying different neurophysiological methods and integrating the results with functional brain imaging findings. It is concluded that discrimination between physiological and pathological brain aging clearly emerges at the group level, with applications at the individual level also suggested. Integrated approaches utilizing neurophysiological techniques together with biological markers and structural and functional imaging are promising for large-scale, low-cost and non-invasive evaluation of at-risk populations. Practical implications of the methods are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Rossini
- Clinica Neurologica University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
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49
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Grunwald M, Hensel A, Wolf H, Weiss T, Gertz HJ. Does the Hippocampal Atrophy Correlate With the Cortical Theta Power in Elderly Subjects With a Range of Cognitive Impairment? J Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 24:22-6. [PMID: 17277573 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0b013e31802ed5b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study with a small sample (N = 39) showed a significant correlation between the cortical theta activity and the hippocampal volume in different stages of cognitive impairment in aged subjects. The recent study was aimed to replicate these results in a much bigger sample. The authors examined a sample of 121 right-handed subjects. The sample consisted of 37 healthy controls, 40 patients with questionable dementia, and 44 patients with mild dementia assessed by Clinical Dementia Rating. All subjects underwent EEG and brain MRI. Mean spectral power was calculated, and volume of hippocampal segments was measured. EEG theta power of the left and right hemisphere correlated significantly with the hippocampal volume on the left and right side in different stages of cognitive impairment. An increase of theta power was associated with decreased hippocampal volume. No other significant correlations were found for alpha or beta band power. No correlation was found between cortical theta and global brain volume. There seems to be a direct relationship between neuronal loss of the hippocampus and changed cortical theta activity for different stages of cognitive impairment in aged subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grunwald
- Department of Psychiatry, EEG Research Laboratory, Leipzig, Germany.
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50
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Missonnier P, Gold G, Herrmann FR, Fazio-Costa L, Michel JP, Deiber MP, Michon A, Giannakopoulos P. Decreased theta event-related synchronization during working memory activation is associated with progressive mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006; 22:250-9. [PMID: 16902280 DOI: 10.1159/000094974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the different quantitative electroencephalographic markers, theta activity is known to reflect neural resources involved in memory processes and directed attention. Previous studies suggested that synchronization likelihood analysis in theta-band frequency might be a sensitive method to identify early alterations of neuronal networks in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS We report here a longitudinal study of 24 MCI patients with theta event-related synchronization (ERS) analysis during the n-back working memory task and neuropsychological follow-up after 1 year. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and logistic regression to assess the relationship between cognitive decline and theta ERS. RESULTS Upon follow-up, 13 MCI patients showed progressive MCI and 11 remained stable. In both groups, the phasic increase in theta amplitude after stimulus presentation did not depend on working memory load and electrode sites. Progressive MCI cases displayed significantly lower theta ERS power over all electrode sites compared to stable MCI cases. Theta ERS was significantly related to the cognitive outcome explaining 15.5% of its variability. In terms of MCI classification, the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was 0.87 and 0.60, respectively, with an area under the corresponding receiver operating characteristic curve reaching 76%. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that a decrease in the early phasic theta ERS power during working memory activation may predict cognitive decline in MCI. This phenomenon is not related to working memory load but may reflect the presence of early deficits in directed attention-related neural circuits in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Missonnier
- Neuroimaging Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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