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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1965-1972. [PMID: 36697840 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and microbiological effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 containing yogurt as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical study registered with NCT05408364 under clinical trial registration. Thirty periodontitis patients were divided into 2 groups at random. As adjunctive to supra and subgingival instrumentation, the test group consumed Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 containing yogurt while the control group consumed natural yogurt, once daily for 28 days. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 28th day, and 3rd month. Microbiological analysis was performed using culture method by obtaining subgingival plaque samples from 2 periodontal sites with 4≤PD≤6 mm at the same time points. RESULTS The inter-group comparisons of PI, GI, and BOP as well as the changes between the measurement time points were statistically significant in favor of the test group. There were no significant differences in terms of PD and CAL changes between the study groups at all times (∆baseline-28 days, ∆baseline-3 months) (p>0.05). The number of patients presenting subgingival Bifidobacterium species was significantly greater in the test group than the control group at the 28th day (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The administration of probiotics has shown beneficial effects, albeit limited, on clinical and microbiological outcomes in the management of periodontitis patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Daily consumption of probiotic yogurt may be supportive for supra and subgingival instrumentation.
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Engevik MA, Danhof HA, Hall A, Engevik KA, Horvath TD, Haidacher SJ, Hoch KM, Endres BT, Bajaj M, Garey KW, Britton RA, Spinler JK, Haag AM, Versalovic J. The metabolic profile of Bifidobacterium dentium reflects its status as a human gut commensal. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:154. [PMID: 34030655 PMCID: PMC8145834 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifidobacteria are commensal microbes of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we aimed to identify the intestinal colonization mechanisms and key metabolic pathways implemented by Bifidobacterium dentium. RESULTS B. dentium displayed acid resistance, with high viability over a pH range from 4 to 7; findings that correlated to the expression of Na+/H+ antiporters within the B. dentium genome. B. dentium was found to adhere to human MUC2+ mucus and harbor mucin-binding proteins. Using microbial phenotyping microarrays and fully-defined media, we demonstrated that in the absence of glucose, B. dentium could metabolize a variety of nutrient sources. Many of these nutrient sources were plant-based, suggesting that B. dentium can consume dietary substances. In contrast to other bifidobacteria, B. dentium was largely unable to grow on compounds found in human mucus; a finding that was supported by its glycosyl hydrolase (GH) profile. Of the proteins identified in B. dentium by proteomic analysis, a large cohort of proteins were associated with diverse metabolic pathways, indicating metabolic plasticity which supports colonization of the dynamic gastrointestinal environment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we conclude that B. dentium is well adapted for commensalism in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Regernative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, Charleston, USA.
| | - Heather A Danhof
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne Hall
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas D Horvath
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sigmund J Haidacher
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hoch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley T Endres
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meghna Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Department of Biotechnology, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, 39096, USA
| | - Kevin W Garey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony M Haag
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Mao B, Yin R, Li X, Cui S, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Isolated from Different Niches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020241. [PMID: 33567604 PMCID: PMC7914981 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can adapt to a variety of niches and is widely distributed in many sources. We used comparative genomics to explore the differences in the genome and in the physiological characteristics of L. plantarum isolated from pickles, fermented sauce, and human feces. The relationships between genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed to address the effects of isolation source on the genetic variation of L. plantarum. The comparative genomic results indicate that the numbers of unique genes in the different strains were niche-dependent. L. plantarum isolated from fecal sources generally had more strain-specific genes than L. plantarum isolated from pickles. The phylogenetic tree and average nucleotide identity (ANI) results indicate that L. plantarum in pickles and fermented sauce clustered independently, whereas the fecal L. plantarum was distributed more uniformly in the phylogenetic tree. The pan-genome curve indicated that the L. plantarum exhibited high genomic diversity. Based on the analysis of the carbohydrate active enzyme and carbohydrate-use abilities, we found that L. plantarum strains isolated from different sources exhibited different expression of the Glycoside Hydrolases (GH) and Glycosyl Transferases (GT) families and that the expression patterns of carbohydrate active enzymes were consistent with the evolution relationships of the strains. L. plantarum strains exhibited niche-specific characteristicsand the results provided better understating on genetics of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruimin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-8591-2155
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.M.); (R.Y.); (X.L.); (S.C.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Liang H, Luo Z, Miao Z, Shen X, Li M, Zhang X, Chen J, Ze X, Chen Q, He F. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria derived from infant intestines may activate macrophages and lead to different IL-10 secretion. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2558-2568. [PMID: 32862788 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1811948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria originally isolated from healthy infants, were tested for their abilities to activate RAW264.7 cells. Gene expression and cytokine production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. The activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and nuclear factor-κB (NK-κB) were also assessed. These results suggest lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in infants may promote production of IL-10 in macrophages, conferring a protective effect in hosts suffering from inflammation. Dimerization of TLR2 and MyD88 and subsequent phosphorylation of the key downstream signaling molecules, such as MAPKs and NK-κB, may be one of the key underlying mechanisms of activation of macrophages by these microbes. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli induced macrophages to secrete IL-10 in a different manner, which may relate to their abilities to activate key signaling pathways mediated by TLR2 and MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Liang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zihao Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonghua Miao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Nutrition and Health Research Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Chen
- Nutrition and Health Research Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Nutrition and Health Research Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
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Clinical efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges in the supportive therapy of generalized periodontitis stage III and IV, grade C: 1-year results of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2015-2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Georgiou AC, Laine ML, Deng DM, Brandt BW, van Loveren C, Dereka X. Efficacy of probiotics: clinical and microbial parameters of halitosis. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046010. [PMID: 29947332 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aacf49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Halitosis is defined as an offensive breath odour of whatever source and therefore may affect a person's social interactions. Intra-oral halitosis is a result of bacterial activity. Therefore, probiotics may offer an appropriate and biological solution as a part of the therapy of intra-oral halitosis. The aim of this systematic review was to study the effect of the administration of probiotics alone or as an adjunct to other treatments on the level of halitosis as measured by volatile sulphur compound (VSC) levels, organoleptic scores (ORG) or hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide levels. In addition, the effect of probiotic usage on oral microbial composition was summarised. METHODS The MEDLINE-PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to September 2017 with language restricted to English. Eligible papers were selected according to pre-set criteria; the data was extracted and analysed descriptively. RESULTS The search resulted in 1104 original research articles and a final six were selected as being eligible including 129 subjects. These studies used different detection methods and combinations thereof to measure halitosis. Five studies were randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials of which two studies reported a significant reduction in ORG between probiotic and placebo groups, and two studies on the basis of total VSC levels. The two studies reporting a significant improvement in ORG did not find an improvement in total VSC levels. Three studies included a microbiological assessment. In these three studies, the probiotic strain was detected at the end of the treatment period, but no detailed data was reported on the abundance of the strain before and after the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics may be beneficial in treating intra-oral halitosis. However, due to limited data and the heterogeneity of the studies, the efficacy of probiotics remains unclear. Studies with more subjects and standardised protocols need to be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina C Georgiou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kuru BE, Laleman I, Yalnızoğlu T, Kuru L, Teughels W. The Influence of a Bifidobacterium animalis Probiotic on Gingival Health: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 2017; 88:1115-1123. [PMID: 28753102 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in the use of probiotics in periodontal therapy; however, until now, most research has focused on lactobacilli probiotics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of 4-week use of yogurt supplemented with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 versus a placebo yogurt, followed by a 5-day non-brushing period. METHODS Individuals were included in this single-mask, randomized, controlled study if probing depth (PD) was ≤3 mm and attachment loss was ≤2 mm. After professional prophylaxis, they were randomized into two groups receiving yogurt containing either placebo or B. animalis for 28 days, followed by a 5-day non-brushing period. Outcome measures were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, and total amount and concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β in GCF. These were measured at baseline, after 28 days of study product use, and subsequently after 5 days of plaque accumulation. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were analyzed. No intergroup differences could be detected before and after intake of study products. However, after plaque accumulation, significantly better results for all parameters were seen in the probiotic group compared with the control group (P <0.001): lower PI and GI, less BOP, less increase in GCF volume, and lower IL-1β total amount/concentration. CONCLUSION The use of a probiotic yogurt supplemented with B. animalis can have a positive effect on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammatory parameters after refraining from oral hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Eren Kuru
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isabelle Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tuğçe Yalnızoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Kuru
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Vazquez-Gutierrez P, de Wouters T, Werder J, Chassard C, Lacroix C. High Iron-Sequestrating Bifidobacteria Inhibit Enteropathogen Growth and Adhesion to Intestinal Epithelial Cells In vitro. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1480. [PMID: 27713730 PMCID: PMC5031772 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in host health, in particular by its barrier effect and competition with exogenous pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, the competition of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum PV8-2 (Bp PV8-2) and Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense PV20-2 (Bk PV20-2), isolated from anemic infant gut microbiota and selected for their high iron sequestration properties, was investigated against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhi) and Escherichia coli O157:H45 (EHEC) by using co-culture tests and assays with intestinal cell lines. Single and co-cultures were carried out anaerobically in chemically semi-defined low iron (1.5 μM Fe) medium (CSDLIM) without and with added ferrous iron (30 μM Fe). Surface properties of the tested strains were measured by bacterial adhesion to solvent xylene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and to extracellular matrix molecules, mucus II, collagen I, fibrinogen, fibronectin. HT29-MTX mucus-secreting intestinal cell cultures were used to study bifidobacteria competition, inhibition and displacement of the enteropathogens. During co-cultures in CSDLIM we observed strain-dependent inhibition of bifidobacterial strains on enteropathogens, independent of pH, organic acid production and supplemented iron. Bp PV8-2 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited S. Typhi N15 and EHEC after 24 h compared to single culture growth. In contrast Bk PV20-2 showed less inhibition on S. Typhi N15 than Bp PV8-2, and no inhibition on EHEC. Affinity for intestinal cell surface glycoproteins was strain-specific, with high affinity of Bp PV8-2 for mucin and Bk PV20-2 for fibronectin. Bk PV20-2 showed high adhesion potential (15.6 ± 6.0%) to HT29-MTX cell layer compared to Bp PV8-2 (1.4 ± 0.4%). In competition, inhibition and displacement tests, Bp PV8-2 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced S. Typhi N15 and EHEC adhesion, while Bk PV20-2 was only active on S. Typhi N15 adhesion. To conclude, bifidobacterial strains selected for their high iron binding properties inhibited S. Typhi N15 and EHEC in co-culture experiments and efficiently competed with the enteropathogens on mucus-producing HT29-MTX cell lines. Further studies in complex gut ecosystems should explore host protection effects of Bp PV8-2 and Bk PV20-2 mediated by nutritional immunity mechanism associated with iron-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vazquez-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas de Wouters
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Werder
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Chassard
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
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Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:1245-1249. [PMID: 27669638 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This trial was performed to evaluate the effects of probiotic intake on disability, mental health and metabolic condition in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 60 MS patients. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either a probiotic capsule (n = 30) or placebo containing starch (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scoring and parameters of mental health were recorded at the baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS Compared with the placebo, probiotic intake improved EDSS (-0.3 ± 0.6 vs. +0.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.001), beck depression inventory (-5.6 ± 4.9 vs. -1.1 ± 3.4, P < 0.001), general health questionnaire (-9.1 ± 6.2 vs. -2.6 ± 6.4, P < 0.001) and depression anxiety and stress scale (-16.5 ± 12.9 vs. -6.2 ± 11.0, P = 0.001). In addition, changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-1.3 ± 3.5 vs. +0.4 ± 1.4 μg/mL, P = 0.01), plasma nitric oxide metabolites (+1.0 ± 7.9 vs. -6.0 ± 8.3 μmol/L, P = 0.002) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (+0.009 ± 0.4 vs. +0.3 ± 0.5 μmol/L, P = 0.04) in the probiotic group were significantly different from the changes in these parameters in the placebo group. Additionally, the consumption of probiotic capsule significantly decreased serum insulin (-2.9 ± 3.7 vs. +1.1 ± 4.8 μIU/mL, P < 0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0.6 ± 0.8 vs.+0.2 ± 1.0, P = 0.001), Beta cell function (-12.1 ± 15.5 vs. +4.4 ± 17.5, P < 0.001) and total-/HDL-cholesterol (-0.1 ± 0.3 vs.0.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.02), and significantly increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.02 vs. -0.005 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol levels (2.7 ± 3.4 vs. 0.9 ± 2.9 mg/dL, P = 0.02) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the use of probiotic capsule for 12 weeks among subjects with MS had favorable effects on EDSS, parameters of mental health, inflammatory factors, markers of insulin resistance, HDL-, total-/HDL-cholesterol and MDA levels.
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Himaja N, Hemalatha R, Narendra Babu K, Shujauddin M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation during critical windows of gestation influences immune phenotype in Swiss albino mice offspring. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:195-204. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation during critical windows of gestation might have a significant influence on the infant’s immune phenotype. Swiss albino mice (F0 generation) aged 31 days were supplemented orally with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG); and the supplementation was continued throughout mating, gestation and lactation. The pups (F1 generation) born to them were separated post weaning and received either the same probiotic supplementation as their mothers or were denied supplementation postnatally. Neutrophil phagocytic ability, splenocyte proliferation, immunoglobulins and cytokines were determined in both F0 and F1 pups. In addition, antibody response against hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) was determined in F1 pups. Probiotic supplementation had no effect on the neutrophil phagocytic ability and splenocyte proliferation index. The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory IgA (s-IgA) among the probiotic supplemented group of F0 generation were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to the controls. Similarly, the mean concentration of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) among F0 probiotic group were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to the control. Prenatal and postnatal probiotic supplementation in F1 pups led to similar results as F0 dams. Prenatal probiotic supplementation in F1 pups led to significantly (P<0.05) higher serum IgG (55.15±1.35 ng/ml) and intestinal s-IgA (77.9 ± 2.86 ng/mg protein) concentration when compared to the control. Similarly, IFN-γ concentration increased (P<0.05) with prenatal probiotic supplementation compared to the control. However, IL-10 and IL-17 concentrations of prenatal probiotic supplemented F1 pups were comparable to the control. As for the antibody response to HBsAg, prenatal probiotic supplementation led to enhanced HBsAg antibody response (471.4±3.97 U/ml) compared to the control. LGG affected the immune regulation and immune responses favourably in mothers and offspring. In addition, some of the beneficial effects of prenatal LGG supplementation extended into postnatal life of the offspring, thus suggesting possible immunoprogramming effect of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Himaja
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - R. Hemalatha
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - K. Narendra Babu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - M. Shujauddin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
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Nadkerny PV, Ravishankar PL, Pramod V, Agarwal LA, Bhandari S. A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on clinical inflammatory parameters of gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:633-9. [PMID: 26941513 PMCID: PMC4753707 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.168491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our clinical trial was to assess and compare the antiplaque and anti-inflammatory potential of a probiotic mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized parallel group study was designed for a period of 4 weeks on 45 systemically healthy subjects between 20 and 30 years having chronic gingivitis. The study population was divided into three groups. Group A - 15 subjects were advised experimental (probiotic) mouthwash. Group B - 15 subjects were advised positive control (chlorhexidine) mouthwash and Group C - 15 subjects into a negative control group (normal saline). Oral prophylaxis was done for all groups at baseline. After the proper oral hygiene instructions, all the three groups were instructed to rinse their mouth with 10 ml of their respective mouthrinse, undiluted for 1 min twice daily, 30 min after brushing. Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S) were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. RESULTS At day 28, the PI, GI, and OHI-S were significantly reduced by all treatment modalities ranking probiotic and chlorhexidine is greater than saline. CONCLUSION The probiotic mouthrinses tested was effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control in the prevention of plaque and gingivitis. Thus, the probiotic mouthrinse has a great therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Vidyesh Nadkerny
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Potluri Leela Ravishankar
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Virupapuram Pramod
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lavanya Abhay Agarwal
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Saurabh Bhandari
- Department of Periodontics, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Akkasheh G, Kashani-Poor Z, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Jafari P, Akbari H, Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition 2015; 32:315-20. [PMID: 26706022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We are aware of no study examining the effects of probiotic supplementation on symptoms of depression, metabolic profiles, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study was designed to determine the effects of probiotic intake on symptoms of depression and metabolic status in patients with MDD. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 40 patients with a diagnosis of MDD based on DSM-IV criteria whose age ranged between 20 and 55 y. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either probiotic supplements (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 8 wk. Probiotic capsule consisted of three viable and freeze-dried strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus (2 × 10(9) CFU/g), Lactobacillus casei (2 × 10(9) CFU/g), and Bifidobacterium bifidum (2 × 10(9) CFU/g). Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the trial to quantify the relevant variables. All participants provided three dietary records (two weekdays and one weekend) and three physical activity records during the intervention. RESULTS Dietary intake of study participants was not significantly different between the two groups. After 8 wk of intervention, patients who received probiotic supplements had significantly decreased Beck Depression Inventory total scores (-5.7 ± 6.4 vs. -1.5 ± 4.8, P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. In addition, significant decreases in serum insulin levels (-2.3 ± 4.1 vs. 2.6 ± 9.3 μIU/mL, P = 0.03), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (-0.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.6 ± 2.1, P = 0.03), and serum hs-CRP concentrations (-1138.7 ± 2274.9 vs. 188.4 ± 1455.5 ng/mL, P = 0.03) were observed after the probiotic supplementation compared with the placebo. Additionally, taking probiotics resulted in a significant rise in plasma total glutathione levels (1.8 ± 83.1 vs. -106.8 ± 190.7 μmol/L, P = 0.02) compared with the placebo. We did not find any significant change in fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, lipid profiles, and total antioxidant capacity levels. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic administration in patients with MDD for 8 wk had beneficial effects on Beck Depression Inventory, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, hs-CRP concentrations, and glutathione concentrations, but did not influence fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, lipid profiles, and total antioxidant capacity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodarz Akkasheh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kashani-Poor
- Department of Psychiatry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Tajabadi-Ebrahimi
- Science Department, Science Faculty, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Science Faculty, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Department of Biostatistics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Vazquez-Gutierrez P, Lacroix C, Jaeggi T, Zeder C, Zimmerman MB, Chassard C. Bifidobacteria strains isolated from stools of iron deficient infants can efficiently sequester iron. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:3. [PMID: 25591860 PMCID: PMC4320568 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifidobacteria is one of the major gut commensal groups found in infants. Their colonization is commonly associated with beneficial effects to the host through mechanisms like niche occupation and nutrient competition against pathogenic bacteria. Iron is an essential element necessary for most microorganisms, including bifidobacteria and efficient competition for this micronutrient is linked to proliferation and persistence. For this research we hypothesized that bifidobacteria in the gut of iron deficient infants can efficiently sequester iron. The aim of the present study was to isolate bifidobacteria in fecal samples of iron deficient Kenyan infants and to characterize siderophore production and iron internalization capacity. RESULTS Fifty-six bifidobacterial strains were isolated by streaking twenty-eight stool samples from Kenyan infants, in enrichment media. To target strains with high iron sequestration mechanisms, a strong iron chelator 2,2-dipyridyl was supplemented to the agar media. Bifidobacterial isolates were first identified to species level by 16S rRNA sequencing, yielding B. bifidum (19 isolates), B. longum (15), B. breve (11), B. kashiwanohense (7), B. pseudolongum (3) and B. pseudocatenulatum (1). While most isolated bifidobacterial species are commonly encountered in the infantile gut, B. kashiwanohense was not frequently reported in infant feces. Thirty strains from culture collections and 56 isolates were characterized for their siderophore production, tested by the CAS assay. Siderophore activity ranged from 3 to 89% siderophore units, with 35 strains (41%) exhibiting high siderophore activity, and 31 (36%) and 20 (23%) showing intermediate or low activity. The amount of internalized iron of 60 bifidobacteria strains selected for their siderophore activity, was in a broad range from 8 to118 μM Fe. Four strains, B. pseudolongum PV8-2, B. kashiwanohense PV20-2, B. bifidum PV28-2a and B. longum PV5-1 isolated from infant stool samples were selected for both high siderophore activity and iron internalization. CONCLUSIONS A broad diversity of bifidobacteria were isolated in infant stools using iron limited conditions, with some strains exhibiting high iron sequestration properties. The ability of bifidobacteria to efficiently utilize iron sequestration mechanism such as siderophore production and iron internalization may confer an ecological advantage and be the basis for enhanced competition against enteropathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vazquez-Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tanja Jaeggi
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Zeder
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Bruce Zimmerman
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Chassard
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Laleman I, Detailleur V, Slot DE, Slomka V, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Probiotics reduce mutans streptococci counts in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:1539-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Teughels W, Durukan A, Ozcelik O, Pauwels M, Quirynen M, Haytac MC. Clinical and microbiological effects of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotics in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:1025-35. [PMID: 24164569 PMCID: PMC3908359 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing probiotic lozenges as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were recruited and monitored clinically and microbiologically at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after therapy. All patients received one-stage full-mouth disinfection and randomly assigned over a test (SRP + probiotic, n = 15) or control (SRP + placebo, n = 15) group. The lozenges were used two times a day for 12 weeks. RESULTS At week 12, all clinical parameters were significantly reduced in both groups, while there was significantly more pocket depth reduction (p < 0.05) and attachment gain (p < 0.05) in moderate and deep pockets; more Porphyromonas gingivalis reduction was observed in the SRP + probiotic group. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that oral administration of L. reuteri lozenges could be a useful adjunct to SRP in chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Teughels
- Periodontology Section Department of Oral Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- Periodontology Section Dentistry, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO)Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andaç Durukan
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova UniversityAdana, Turkey
| | - Onur Ozcelik
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova UniversityAdana, Turkey
| | - Martine Pauwels
- Periodontology Section Department of Oral Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Periodontology Section Department of Oral Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- Periodontology Section Dentistry, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Cenk Haytac
- Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova UniversityAdana, Turkey
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Stanczak M, Heuberger R. Assessment of the Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Probiotic Use. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2009.10599095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roschelle Heuberger
- b Department of Human Environmental Studies , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , MI , 48859
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Rupa P, Mine Y. Recent advances in the role of probiotics in human inflammation and gut health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8249-8256. [PMID: 22897745 DOI: 10.1021/jf301903t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides residence to an astounding number of bacterial species, which have profound effects on host biology, function, physiology, and immune response. Discovery of "symbiosis factors" from symbionts that facilitate the peaceful coexistence of microbiota and the host immune system are of interest. Symbionts synthesize immunomodulatory molecules that guide maturation of the immune system and have pivotal roles in many biological processes; however, individuals differ in the makeup of their GI microbiota, which is influenced by many external and internal factors such as diet, antibiotic use, and host genetics, which in turn influences health and disease outcomes. Various endogenous, genetic, and environmental factors influence GI development including species composition and health status of neonates, resulting in interactions that occur between the bacteria and the host. Mechanisms of probiotics involved in homeostasis of a balanced immune system have been inconclusive. The probable mechanism of action may be postulated as direct competition between pathogenic bacteria in the gut and/or immune modulation. This review focuses on probiotics in health and disease prevention, especially the biological importance of intestinal regulation of inflammatory processes that may be beneficial in a multitude of disorders both inside and outside the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithy Rupa
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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18
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Payahoo L, Nikniaz Z, Mahdavi R, Asghari Jafar Abadi M. Perceptions of medical sciences students towards probiotics. Health Promot Perspect 2012; 2:96-102. [PMID: 24688923 DOI: 10.5681/hpp.2012.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the importance of probiotics in prevention of different diseases, the knowledge of people particularly health-related professionals about the beneficial effects and availability of probiotic products is important. Considering the limited studies, the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge of medical sciences students as future provider of health information about probiotics in Tabriz, Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 296 medical sciences students from different faculty majors with mean age of 22 ± 4 years. The students completed two self-administered questionnaires; the one was about the demographic characteristics and the other one with nine closed questions as for knowledge as well as probiotics and their health effects and 2 questions related to availability of probiotic products. Scoring of 9 knowledge questions was divided to three sections 0-3, 4-6, 7-9 and classified as poor, acceptable and good, respectively. The Chi-square test was used to examine the differences in knowledge of the students across different gender, major and degree groups. RESULTS Six percent of students had poor, 43% acceptable, and 51% good knowledge. Total mean±(SD) of knowledge was 6.25 ±1.6 . Answers of students about the availability of probiotic products were 36.9% low, 48.1% moderate, and 15% high. Comparison of knowledge result between different major and degree groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Although students had approximately acceptable level of knowledge about probiotics and their health effects, their awareness about common available form of probiotic products was low. The use of efficient co-educational materials such as teaching new findings for students may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Payahoo
- Students' Research Committee; Department of Biochemistry & Diet therapy, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Students' Research Committee; Department of Biochemistry & Diet therapy, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutritional Research Center; Department of Biochemistry & Diet therapy, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Asghari Jafar Abadi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kuo CH, Kuo FC, Hu HM, Liu CJ, Wang SSW, Chen YH, Hsieh MC, Hou MF, Wu DC. The Optimal First-Line Therapy of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Year 2012. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:168361. [PMID: 22792095 PMCID: PMC3390052 DOI: 10.1155/2012/168361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the literature about first-line therapies for H. pylori infection in recent years. First-line therapies are facing a challenge because of increasing treatment failure due to elevated antibiotics resistance. Several new treatment strategies that recently emerged to overcome antibiotic resistance have been surveyed. Alternative first-line therapies include bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, sequential therapy, concomitant therapy, and hybrid therapy. Levofloxacin-based therapy shows impressive efficacy but might be employed as rescue treatment due to rapidly raising resistance. Rifabutin-based therapy is also regarded as a rescue therapy. Several factors including antibiotics resistance, patient compliance, and CYP 2C19 genotypes could influence the outcome. Clinicians should use antibiotics according to local reports. It is recommended that triple therapy should not be used in areas with high clarithromycin resistance or dual clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Kuo
- Department of Health Management, I-Shou University, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung County 824, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ming Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Sophie S. W. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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Vítor JMB, Vale FF. Alternative therapies for Helicobacter pylori: probiotics and phytomedicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 63:153-64. [PMID: 22077218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen infecting about 30% of children and 60% of adults worldwide and is responsible for diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Treatment against H. pylori is based on the use of antibiotics, but therapy failure can be higher than 20% and is essentially due to an increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has led to the search for alternative therapies. In this review, we discuss alternative therapies for H. pylori, mainly phytotherapy and probiotics. Probiotics are live organisms or produced substances that are orally administrated, usually in addition to conventional antibiotic therapy. They may modulate the human microbiota and promote health, prevent antibiotic side effects, stimulate the immune response and directly compete with pathogenic bacteria. Phytomedicine consists of the use of plant extracts as medicines or health-promoting agents, but in most cases the molecular mode of action of the active ingredients of these herbal extracts is unknown. Possible mechanisms include inhibition of H. pylori urease enzyme, disruption of bacterial cell membrane, and modulation of the host immune system. Other alternative therapies are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M B Vítor
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Suzuki N, Tanabe K, Takeshita T, Yoneda M, Iwamoto T, Oshiro S, Yamashita Y, Hirofuji T. Effects of oil drops containingLactobacillus salivariusWB21 on periodontal health and oral microbiota producing volatile sulfur compounds. J Breath Res 2012; 6:017106. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/6/1/017106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lactobacillus paracasei reduces intestinal inflammation in adoptive transfer mouse model of experimental colitis. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:807483. [PMID: 21808650 PMCID: PMC3145352 DOI: 10.1155/2011/807483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies showed that specific probiotics provide therapeutic benefits in inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro evidence suggested that Lactobacillus paracasei also called ST11 (CNCM I-2116) is a potent strain with immune modulation properties. However, little is known about its capacity to alleviate inflammatory symptoms in vivo In this context, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of ST11 on intestinal inflammation using the adoptive transfer mouse model of experimental colitis. Rag2−/− recipient mice were fed with ST11 (109 CFU/day)a month prior toinduce colitis by adoptive transfer of naive T cells. One month later, in clear contrast to nonfed mice, weight loss was significantly reduced by 50% in ST11-fed mice. Further analysis of colon specimens revealed a significant reduction neutrophil infiltration and mucosal expression of IL1β, IL-6, and IL12 proinflammatory cytokines, whereas no consistent differences in expression of antibacterial peptides or tight junction proteins were observed between PBS and ST11-fed mice. All together, our results demonstrate that oral administration of ST11 was safe and had a significant preventive effect on colitis. We conclude that probiotics such as Lactobacillus paracasei harbor worthwhile in vivo immunomodulatory properties to prevent intestinal inflammation by nutritional approaches.
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Slawik S, Staufenbiel I, Schilke R, Nicksch S, Weinspach K, Stiesch M, Eberhard J. Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental gingivitis in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:857-63. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Stevenson C, Blaauw R. Probiotics, with special emphasis on their role in the management of irritable bowel syndrome. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2011.11734353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Iwamoto T, Suzuki N, Tanabe K, Takeshita T, Hirofuji T. Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on halitosis and oral health: an open-label pilot trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:201-8. [PMID: 20659698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether oral administration of lactobacilli alters the degree of halitosis and clinical conditions associated with halitosis. STUDY DESIGN Twenty patients with genuine halitosis were given 2.0 x 10(9)Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 and xylitol in tablet form daily. Oral malodor and clinical parameters were evaluated at the same time of day for each patient after 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS All 20 patients were positive for L. salivarius DNA in their saliva at 2 weeks, although 12 patients were negative for this organism at baseline. Oral malodor parameters significantly decreased at 2 weeks in the subjects with physiologic halitosis. The scores of an organoleptic test and bleeding on probing significantly decreased at 4 weeks in the subjects with oral pathologic halitosis. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of probiotic lactobacilli primarily improved physiologic halitosis and also showed beneficial effects on bleeding on probing from the periodontal pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Iwamoto
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hol J, de Jongste JC, Nieuwenhuis EE. Quoting a landmark paper on the beneficial effects of probiotics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 124:1354-6.e9. [PMID: 19818483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Preliminary screening of Bifidobacteria spp. and Pediococcus acidilactici in a Swiss cheese curd slurry model system: Impact on microbial viability and flavor characteristics. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Reproducible community dynamics of the gastrointestinal microbiota following antibiotic perturbation. Infect Immun 2009; 77:2367-75. [PMID: 19307217 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01520-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in microbial communities are implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal diseases, but we have limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead to altered community structures. One difficulty with studying these mechanisms in human subjects is the inherent baseline variability of the microbiota in different individuals. In an effort to overcome this baseline variability, we employed a mouse model to control the host genotype, diet, and other possible influences on the microbiota. This allowed us to determine whether the indigenous microbiota in such mice had a stable baseline community structure and whether this community exhibited a consistent response following antibiotic administration. We employed a tag-sequencing strategy targeting the V6 hypervariable region of the bacterial small-subunit (16S) rRNA combined with massively parallel sequencing to determine the community structure of the gut microbiota. Inbred mice in a controlled environment harbored a reproducible baseline community that was significantly impacted by antibiotic administration. The ability of the gut microbial community to recover to baseline following the cessation of antibiotic administration differed according to the antibiotic regimen administered. Severe antibiotic pressure resulted in reproducible, long-lasting alterations in the gut microbial community, including a decrease in overall diversity. The finding of stereotypic responses of the indigenous microbiota to ecologic stress suggests that a better understanding of the factors that govern community structure could lead to strategies for the intentional manipulation of this ecosystem so as to preserve or restore a healthy microbiota.
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Shimauchi H, Mayanagi G, Nakaya S, Minamibuchi M, Ito Y, Yamaki K, Hirata H. Improvement of periodontal condition by probiotics with Lactobacillus salivarius WB21: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:897-905. [PMID: 18727656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This randomized clinical study was designed to evaluate the effect of probiotic intervention using lactobacilli on the periodontal condition of volunteers without severe periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Freeze-dried Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (WB21)-containing tablets or a placebo were given to volunteers in a double-blind randomized study. A total of 66 volunteers were finally enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tablets containing WB21 (6.7 x 10(8) CFU) with xylitol or xylitol alone (placebo) three times a day for 8 weeks. Periodontal clinical parameters and whole saliva samples were obtained at baseline (BL), 4 weeks, and the end of the interventional period (8 weeks). Salivary lactoferrin (Lf) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lactobacilli in saliva and plaque samples was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using 16S rRNA primers. RESULTS Periodontal clinical parameters were improved in both groups after an 8-week intervention. Current smokers in the test group showed a significantly greater improvement of plaque index and probing pocket depth from BL when compared with those in the placebo group. Salivary Lf level was also significantly decreased in the test group smokers. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that probiotics could be useful in the improvement/maintenance of oral health in subjects at a high risk of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Shimauchi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan.
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Zuccotti GV, Meneghin F, Raimondi C, Dilillo D, Agostoni C, Riva E, Giovannini M. Probiotics in clinical practice: an overview. J Int Med Res 2008; 36 Suppl 1:1A-53A. [PMID: 18230282 DOI: 10.1177/14732300080360s101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The observation that intestinal bacterial microflora might be able to influence immune system surveillance through changed nutritional habits has raised awareness of the role of probiotics. These are live microorganisms that are able to reach the gastrointestinal tract and alter its microfloral composition, producing beneficial health effects when consumed in adequate amounts. Recent clinical trials have evaluated the clinical effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of a wide range of acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, and also non-gastrointestinal diseases, such as atopy, respiratory infections, vaginitis and hypercholesterolaemia. Probiotic supplements are generally regarded as safe because the microorganisms they contain are identical to those found in human gastrointestinal and vaginal microflora. Guidelines on the use of probiotics in the clinical setting require periodical updates for the latest data to be included in clinical applications. The purpose of this clinical report is to review current evidence on the use of probiotics in a variety of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Zuccotti
- Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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31
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Fecal Sand Clearance Is Enhanced with a Product Combining Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Psyllium in Clinically Normal Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Savard J, Sawatzky JA. The Use of a Nursing Model to Understand Diarrhea and the Role of Probiotics in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Nurs 2007; 30:418-23; quiz 424-5. [DOI: 10.1097/01.sga.0000305223.24146.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/metabolism
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestines/cytology
- Intestines/immunology
- Lactococcus lactis/genetics
- Lactococcus lactis/metabolism
- Mice
- Ovalbumin/biosynthesis
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Probiotics/administration & dosage
- Probiotics/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Broekaert IJ, Nanthakumar NN, Walker WA. Secreted probiotic factors ameliorate enteropathogenic infection in zinc-deficient human Caco-2 and T84 cell lines. Pediatr Res 2007; 62:139-44. [PMID: 17597654 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31809fd85e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency enhances infectious diarrhea whereas probiotics may inhibit pathogen enterocyte invasion. The effect of probiotics on zinc-deficient versus normal human intestinal epithelium (Caco-2 and T-84) with regard to invasion and subsequent inflammatory response by Salmonella typhimurium was determined. Cells were infected with pathogens and preincubated with media conditioned by several lactobacilli or Bifidobacterium bifidum 12. Pathogen invasion was quantified, inflammation was determined by IL-8 secretion, and MAP kinase activation in the epithelium was analyzed. Probiotic inhibiting factors were partially characterized based on physicochemical properties. Zinc deficiency allowed for greater pathogen invasion and enhanced IL-8 secretion. Probiotic conditioned media reduced activation of proinflammatory signaling via the ERK and p38 pathway. Probiotic factors reverse increased susceptibility of zinc-deficient enterocytes to S. typhimurium invasion, suggesting an additive protective effect of probiotics in zinc deficiency. Probiotic conditioned media but not bacteria inhibited pathogen invasion and IL-8 production in zinc deficient enterocytes. Probiotic inhibitory factors are stable to treatment with proteases, deoxyribonucleases (DNAses), ribonucleases (RNAse), strong acid, and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse J Broekaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Developmental Gastroenterology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Voltan S, Castagliuolo I, Elli M, Longo S, Brun P, D'Incà R, Porzionato A, Macchi V, Palù G, Sturniolo GC, Morelli L, Martines D. Aggregating phenotype in Lactobacillus crispatus determines intestinal colonization and TLR2 and TLR4 modulation in murine colonic mucosa. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:1138-48. [PMID: 17634514 PMCID: PMC2043298 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00079-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The colonic microbiota is a major modulator of the mucosal immune system; therefore, its manipulation through supplementation with probiotics may significantly affect the host's immune responses. Since different probiotics seem to exert various effects in vivo, we tested the relevance of the autoaggregation phenotype on the intestinal persistence of lactobacilli and their ability to modulate the host's innate immune responses. After 14 days of diet supplementation, the aggregating strain Lactobacillus crispatus M247 but not aggregation-deficient isogenic mutant MU5 was recovered from the feces and colonic mucosa of mice. This observation was confirmed by strain-specific PCR amplification and by Lactobacillus-specific denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. Indeed, L. crispatus M247 increased Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA levels, while it reduced TLR4 mRNA and protein levels in the colonic mucosa, whereas MU5 was ineffective. In colonic epithelial cells (CMT-93 cells) L. crispatus M247 but not MU5 induced time-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1) tyrosine phosphorylation and TLR modulation, which were abolished in the presence of PD98059 (an ERK1 inhibitor). To assess the functional relevance of probiotic-induced TLR modulation, we determined the consequences of L. crispatus preexposure on TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and TLR2 [Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4] ligand-mediated effects in intestinal epithelial cells. Preexposure to L. crispatus M247 blunted LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) release and inhibition of CMT-93 migration over a wound edge, whereas it enhanced TLR2-mediated IL-10 up-regulation. In summary, the aggregation phenotype is required for L. crispatus persistence in the colon and for modulation of TLR2/TLR4 expression through an ERK-dependent pathway. We speculate that the aggregation phenotype in L. crispatus M247 is required to temper epithelial cell responsiveness to bacterial endotoxins, which thus affects the evolution of intestinal inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Voltan
- University of Padua, Department of Histology, Microbiology, and Medical Biotechnologies, Via A. Gabelli 63, Padua 35121, Italy
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Kelly D, King T, Aminov R. Importance of microbial colonization of the gut in early life to the development of immunity. Mutat Res 2007; 622:58-69. [PMID: 17612575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbiota consisting of between 500 and 1000 distinct microbial species. Comparative studies based on the germ-free gut have provided clear evidence that the gut microbiota is instrumental in promoting the development of both the gut and systemic immune systems. Early microbial exposure of the gut is thought to dramatically reduce the incidence of inflammatory, autoimmune and atopic diseases further fuelling the scientific viewpoint, that microbial colonization plays an important role in regulating and fine-tuning the immune system throughout life. Recent molecular diversity studies have provided additional evidence that the human gut microbiota is compositionally altered in individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disorders, suggesting that specific bacterial species are important to maintaining immunological balance and health. New and exciting insights into how gut bacteria modulate the mammalian immune system are emerging. However, much remains to be elucidated about how commensal bacteria influence the function of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems in health and disease.
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Benton D, Williams C, Brown A. Impact of consuming a milk drink containing a probiotic on mood and cognition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:355-61. [PMID: 17151594 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact on mood and memory of consuming a probiotic containing milk drink, or a placebo, was examined as, previously, a poor mood has been found to correlate with the frequency of constipation. DESIGN A double-blind placebo-controlled trial with random allocation of subjects. SETTING Subjects went about their normal life in the community apart from three visits to the laboratory. SUBJECTS One hundred and thirty-two healthy members of general population, mean age 61.8 years, volunteered in response to local media coverage. One hundred and twenty-four finished the trial. INTERVENTION For a 3-week period, either a probiotic containing milk drink, or a placebo, were consumed daily. Mood and cognition were measured at baseline, and after 10 and 20 days of consumption. RESULTS At baseline those who reported themselves to be less frequently constipated were more clearheaded, confident and elated. Although the taking of the probiotic did not generally change the mood, this appeared to be a reflection of the generally good mood in this sample. When those in the bottom third of the depressed/elated dimension at baseline were considered, they selectively responded by reporting themselves as happy rather than depressed after taking the probiotic. The intervention did not, however, influence the reported frequency of defaecation, probably a reflection of the initially low incidence of constipation. An unexpected and possibly chance finding was that the consumption of probiotics resulted in a slightly-poorer performance on two measures of memory. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of a probiotic-containing yoghurt improved the mood of those whose mood was initially poor. This improvement in mood was not, however, associated with an increased frequency of defaecation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Benton
- Department of Psychology, University of Wales Swansea, Wales, UK.
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