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Konishi K, Du L, Francius G, Linder M, Sugawara T, Kurihara H, Takahashi K. Lipid Composition of Liposomal Membrane Largely Affects Its Transport and Uptake through Small Intestinal Epithelial Cell Models. Lipids 2020; 55:671-682. [PMID: 32770855 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid composition of liposomal bilayer should alter the cell response for permeability, transport, and uptake in small intestine. This work was done to investigate the transport and uptake of liposomes composed of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) derived from marine products on multilamellar vesicles (MLV) in small intestinal epithelial cell models. The results showed that addition of PtdSer and SQDG as liposomal bilayer could improve the efficiency entrapment of liposomes. The liposomes containing PtdSer showed higher transport and uptake through both Caco-2 cell and M cell monolayers as compared to PtdCho-MLV. SQDG-containing liposomes exhibited only higher transport through M cell monolayer, while its uptake effect was higher both in Caco-2 cell and M cell monolayers. The results of experiments done with endocytosis inhibitors indicated that PtdCho-MLV must be transported via macropinocytosis and uptaken by phagocytosis in M cell monolayer model. PtdCho/PtdSer-MLV and PtdCho/SQDG-MLV might be transported and uptaken through M cell monolayer by phagocytosis. The result also indicated that PtdCho/SQDG-MLV could open the tight junction of small intestinal epithelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that the surface status of cholesterol-containing liposomes were smooth, but they did not affect their transport and uptake through Caco-2 cell and M cell monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Konishi
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Grégory Francius
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, 54600, France
| | - Michel Linder
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des biomolécules, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Foêt de Haye, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54505, France
| | - Tomoaki Sugawara
- Hokkaido Industrial Technology Center, 379 Kikyo-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-0801, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kurihara
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Koretaro Takahashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan
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Konieczka P, Barszcz M, Choct M, Smulikowska S. The interactive effect of dietary n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio and vitamin E level on tissue lipid peroxidation, DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells, and gut morphology in chickens of different ages. Poult Sci 2018; 97:149-158. [PMID: 29077918 PMCID: PMC5850597 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding chickens diets high in n-3 fatty acids (FA) increases their incorporation into tissue lipids, but leads to oxidative stress in cells. This study investigated the effect of the dietary polyunsaturated FA ratio (PUFA n-6: n-3) and vitamin E (vE) level on DNA damage and morphological changes in the gut epithelium of chickens. One-day-old female broiler chicks (n = 176) were divided into 4 groups fed for 43 d diets with a high (HR) or low (LR) PUFA n-6: n-3 ratio and supplemented with 50 or 300 mg vE kg-1. Performance was calculated for periods of d 1 to 9, d 9 to 16, d 9 to 35, and d 9 to 42, while organs were sampled at d 9, d 17, d 36, and d 43. At d 17 and d 43, DNA damage of epithelial cells in the duodenum and jejunum was measured and duodenal and jejunal morphology was analyzed. HR diets improved FCR for the periods of d 1 to 9, d 9 to 16 and d 9 to 42, whereas the increased vE level improved FCR for the period of d 9 to 16. In the jejunum DNA damage was greater in chickens fed LR than HR diets at d 17 (P < 0.001) and the increased vE level promoted DNA damage in both intestinal segments (P < 0.02) in younger birds. The morphology of the duodenum was marginally affected by the diets, whereas LR diets in the jejunum reduced villus surface area at d 17 (P = 0.022), and mucosa thickness (P = 0.029) and villus height (P = 0.035) at d 43. The results indicated that feeding birds LR diets and vE levels significantly exceeding the recommendation induced DNA damage in epithelial cells, but this effect varied depending on the intestinal segment and the age of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Konieczka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
| | - M Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
| | - M Choct
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - S Smulikowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
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Du L, Yang YH, Xu J, Wang YM, Xue CH, Kurihara H, Takahashi K. Transport and uptake effects of marine complex lipid liposomes in small intestinal epithelial cell models. Food Funct 2016; 7:1904-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00066e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transport and uptake effects of marine complex lipid liposomes in Caco-2 and M cell monolayer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
- Hokkaido University
- Hakodate
- Japan
| | - Yu-Hong Yang
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
- Hokkaido University
- Hakodate
- Japan
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
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Antitumour activity of EPA-enriched phospholipids liposomes against S180 ascitic tumour-bearing mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Aziza AE, Awadin WF, Quezada N, Cherian G. Gastrointestinal morphology, fatty acid profile, and production performance of broiler chickens fed camelina meal or fish oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer E. Aziza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases; Mansoura University; Daqahlia Egypt
| | - Walaa F. Awadin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology; Mansoura University; Daqahlia Egypt
| | - Nathalie Quezada
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Gita Cherian
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon USA
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Xie P, Wang Y, Wang C, Yuan C, Zou X. Effect of different fat sources in parental diets on growth performance, villus morphology, digestive enzymes and colorectal microbiota in pigeon squabs. Arch Anim Nutr 2013; 67:147-60. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2013.776329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fåk F, Karlsson CLJ, Ahrné S, Molin G, Weström B. Effects of a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation are modulated by E. coli in rat offspring. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:744-51. [PMID: 21730967 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbial manipulations in early life can affect gut development and inflammatory status of the neonate. The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation also influences the health of the offspring, but the impact of maternal high-fat (HF) feeding along with modulations of the gut microbiota on body weight, fat deposition and gut function in the offspring has been poorly studied. METHODS Rat dams were given access to either an HF or a standard low-fat diet during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy and during lactation and effects on body weight and gastrointestinal function were investigated in the 14-day-old offspring. To elucidate whether bacterial administration to the dam could modulate any effects of the diets in the rat pups, another group of dams were given Escherichia coli in their drinking water. RESULTS Maternal HF feeding resulted in increased body and fat pad weights in the offspring, along with increased levels of the acute-phase protein, haptoglobin and decreased protein content and disaccharidase activities in the small intestine. The addition of E. coli further accentuated these responses in the young rats, which, in addition to higher body weights and increased fat deposition, also showed an increased intestinal permeability and elevated levels of haptoglobin. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates for the first time how bacterial administration to the maternal diet during the neonatal period can affect body weight and fat deposition in the offspring. The results point to a mechanistic link between the gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia, which appear to have led to increased adiposity in the young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fåk
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Obembe AO, Owu DU, Okwari OO, Antai AB, Osim EE. Intestinal Fluid and Glucose Transport in Wistar Rats following Chronic Consumption of Fresh or Oxidised Palm Oil Diet. ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2010; 2011:972838. [PMID: 21991537 PMCID: PMC3168575 DOI: 10.5402/2011/972838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ingestion of thermoxidized palm oil causes functional derangement of various tissues. This study was therefore carried out to determine the effect of chronic ingestion of thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diets on intestinal fluid and glucose absorption in rats using the everted sac technique. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats per group. The first group was the control and was fed on normal rat chow while the second (FPO) and third groups (TPO) were fed diet containing either fresh or thermoxidized palm oil (15% wt/wt) for 14 weeks. Villus height and crypt depth were measured. The gut fluid uptake and gut glucose uptake were significantly (P < .001) lower in the TPO group than those in the FPO and control groups, respectively. The villus height in the TPO was significantly (P < .01) lower than that in FPO and control. The villus depth in TPO was significantly (P < .05) higher than that in FPO and control groups, respectively. These results suggest that ingestion of thermoxidized palm oil and not fresh palm oil may lead to distortion in villus morphology with a concomitant malabsorption of fluid and glucose in rats due to its harmful free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agona O Obembe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, 540001 Calabar, Nigeria
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Drozdowski LA, Clandinin T, Thomson ABR. Ontogeny, growth and development of the small intestine: Understanding pediatric gastroenterology. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:787-99. [PMID: 20143457 PMCID: PMC2825325 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i7.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout our lifetime, the intestine changes. Some alterations in its form and function may be genetically determined, and some are the result of adaptation to diet, temperature, or stress. The critical period programming of the intestine can be modified, such as from subtle differences in the types and ratios of n3:m6 fatty acids in the diet of the pregnant mother, or in the diet of the weanlings. This early forced adaptation may persist in later life, such as the unwanted increased intestinal absorption of sugars, fatty acids and cholesterol. Thus, the ontogeny, early growth and development of the intestine is important for the adult gastroenterologist to appreciate, because of the potential for these early life events to affect the responsiveness of the intestine to physiological or pathological challenges in later life.
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Geurden I, Jutfelt F, Olsen RE, Sundell KS. A vegetable oil feeding history affects digestibility and intestinal fatty acid uptake in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:552-9. [PMID: 19166958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Future expansion of aquaculture relies on the use of alternatives to fish oil in fish feed. This study examined to what extent the nature of the feed oil affects intestinal lipid uptake properties in rainbow trout. The fish were fed a diet containing fish (FO), rapeseed (RO) or linseed (LO) oil for 8 weeks after which absorptive properties were assessed. Differences in digestibility due to feed oil history were measured using diet FO with an indigestible marker. Intestinal integrity, paracellular permeability, in vitro transepithelial fatty acid transport (3H-18:3n-3 and 14C-16:0) and their incorporation into intestinal epithelia were compared using Ussing chambers. Feed oil history did not affect the triacylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine ratio (TAG/PC) of the newly synthesized lipids in the segments. The lower TAG/PC ratio with 16:0 (2:1) than with 18:3 (10:1) showed the preferential incorporation of 16:0 into polar lipids. The FO-feeding history decreased permeability and increased transepithelial resistance of the intestinal segments. Transepithelial passage rates of 18:3n-3 were higher when pre-fed LO compared to RO or FO. Similarly, pre-feeding LO increased apparent lipid and fatty acid digestibilities compared to RO or FO. These results demonstrate that the absorptive intestinal functions in fish can be altered by the feed oil history and that the effect remains after a return to a standard fish oil diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Geurden
- INRA UMR1067 Laboratory of Nutrition, Aquaculture and Genomics, NuAGe, INRA Hydrobiology Station, F-64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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Drozdowski L, Iordache C, Clandinin MT, Wild G, Todd Z, Thomson ABR. Dexamethasone and GLP-2 given to lactating rat dams influence glucose uptake in suckling and postweanling offspring. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008; 33:433-9. [PMID: 19103981 DOI: 10.1177/0148607108324874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) enhances intestinal absorption in adult animals. Glucocorticosteroids accelerate the ontogeny of the intestine and increase sugar uptake in adult animals. Modifying the maternal diet during lactation alters nutrient uptake in the offspring. The authors hypothesized that GLP-2 and dexamethasone, when administrated to lactating rat dams, enhance sugar uptake in the suckling and postweanling offspring. METHODS Rat dams were treated during lactation with GLP-2 (0.1 microg/g/day subcutaneously [SC], twice daily), dexamethasone (0.128 microg/g/day SC, once daily), GLP-2 + dexamethasone (same doses), or placebo. The suckling offspring were sacrificed at 19-21 days of age, and the postweanlings were sacrificed 4 weeks later. Intestinal glucose and fructose uptake was assessed using an in vitro ring technique. RESULTS GLP-2 and dexamethasone resulted in lower body weights, and dexamethasone caused intestinal atrophy in sucklings. The jejunal atrophy in sucklings given dexamethasone was prevented by GLP-2 + dexamethasone. In sucklings, the maximal transport rate and the Michaelis affinity constant for ileal glucose uptake were both increased by GLP-2 and GLP-2 + dexamethasone. In contrast, in postweanlings, the maximal transport rate for jejunal glucose uptake was reduced by dexamethasone and GLP-2, as was ileal fructose uptake. CONCLUSIONS Treating lactating rat dams with GLP-2 or dexamethasone enhances glucose uptake in sucklings, but the late effect is a reduction in glucose and fructose absorption in postweanlings. The nutritional significance of these findings remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Drozdowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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The rationale for the use of parenteral omega-3 lipids in children with short bowel syndrome and liver disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2008; 24:773-8. [PMID: 18504595 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-008-2174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD) is the major source of morbidity and mortality in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS). There is emerging evidence that omega-6 fatty acids (omega6FA) within the parenteral solution play a major role in PNALD and their effects may be reversed or ameliorated by substitution with omega-3 fatty acids (omega3FA). This paper reviews the mechanisms whereby omega3FAs may influence PNALD by improving bile flow, inhibiting steatosis, and having immunomodulatory effects. The early clinical experience with omega3FAs in SBS and PNALD is briefly reviewed and the implications of such, and future directions are considered.
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Drozdowski LA, Iordache C, Clandinin MT, Todd ZS, Gonnet M, Wild G, Uwiera RR, Thomson AB. Dexamethasone and GLP-2 administered to rat dams during pregnancy and lactation have late effects on intestinal sugar transport in their postweanling offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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García-Ródenas CL, Bergonzelli GE, Nutten S, Schumann A, Cherbut C, Turini M, Ornstein K, Rochat F, Corthésy-Theulaz I. Nutritional approach to restore impaired intestinal barrier function and growth after neonatal stress in rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43:16-24. [PMID: 16819372 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000226376.95623.9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological stress during the neonatal period results in intestinal barrier dysfunction and growth alterations later in life. We aimed to restore impaired barrier function and growth rate by a nutritional intervention. METHODS Male rat pups (n = 84) were assigned to 1 of 2 rearing conditions from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND14: S, separated 3 h/d from their mothers, or H, 15 min/d handled controls. From PND15 to PND35, rats received a control diet or a similar diet adapted to contain arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461. RESULTS Maternal separation had only a minor impact on the measured gut barrier parameters at PND15, whereas it severely affected them at PND35. At this age, intestinal permeability to macromolecules was higher, mucin content in small intestinal tissues was lower and microbiota composition was altered in S compared with H animals. Feeding the adapted diet normalized the intestinal permeability, although it did not restore intestinal mucin content or microbiota. In addition, the adapted diet improved the growth rate recovery of the S animals after weaning and resulted in increased villus length in small intestine. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that an adapted diet containing specific long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics and probiotics can revert the negative imprinting of neonatal stress on both intestinal barrier function and growth.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Arachidonic Acid/administration & dosage
- Arachidonic Acid/metabolism
- Body Weight
- Disease Models, Animal
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/metabolism
- Eating
- Food, Formulated
- Homeostasis
- Intestinal Absorption
- Intestinal Mucosa/growth & development
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/physiopathology
- Intestine, Small/growth & development
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/physiopathology
- Lactobacillus/metabolism
- Male
- Maternal Deprivation
- Mucins/metabolism
- Oligosaccharides/administration & dosage
- Oligosaccharides/metabolism
- Permeability
- Probiotics/administration & dosage
- Probiotics/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/microbiology
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Time Factors
- Weaning
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Iordache C, Drozdowski LA, Clandinin MT, Wild G, Todd Z, Thomson ABR. Lipid malabsorption persists after weaning in rats whose dams were given GLP-2 and dexamethasone. Lipids 2006; 40:1141-8. [PMID: 16459926 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) enhances intestinal growth and absorption in mature animals, and glucocorticosteroids (GC) increase the sugar and lipid uptake in adult animals. However, the role of GC and GLP-2 in the ontogeny of lipid absorption is unknown. We hypothesized that GLP-2 and the GC dexamethasone (DEX), when administrated to rat dams during pregnancy and lactation, would enhance lipid uptake in the offspring. Rat dams were treated in the last 10 d of pregnancy and during lactation with GLP-2 [0.1 microg/g/d subcutaneous (sc)], DEX (0.128 microg/g/d sc), GLP-2 + DEX, or a placebo. Sucklings were sacrificed at 19-21 d of age, and weanlings were sacrificed 4 wk later. Lipid uptake was assessed using an in vitro ring uptake method. Although DEX and GLP-2 + DEX increased the jejunal mass, the jejunal lipid uptake was unchanged. In contrast, GLP-2, DEX, and GLP-2 + DEX reduced the ileal lipid uptake in suckling and weanling rats. This reduction was not due to alterations in intestinal morphology or to changes in fatty acid-binding protein abundance, but it was partially explained by an increase in the effective resistance of the intestinal unstirred water layer. In sucklings, DEX dramatically reduced the jejunal lipid uptake to levels similar to those seen in weanlings, such that the normal ontogenic decline in lipid uptake was not observed. Giving dams GLP-2 or DEX during pregnancy and lactation reduced lipid uptake in the offspring, and this persisted for at least 1 mon. The impact this may have on the nutritional well-being of the animal in later life is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Iordache
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Hossain Z, Kurihara H, Hosokawa M, Takahashi K. Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine liposomes enhance the permeability, transportation and uptake of phospholipids in Caco-2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 285:155-63. [PMID: 16477371 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-9074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)- and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched phosphatidylcholine (PC) on the permeability, transport and uptake of phospholipids was evaluated in Caco-2 cells. The cells were grown on permeable polycarbonate transwell filters, thus allowing separate access to the apical and basolateral chambers. The monolayers of the cells were used to measure lucifer yellow permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Transcellular transportation of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) labeled-PC small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) from the apical to basolateral chamber, and uptake of the same SUV was monitored in the cell monolayers. Cell-membrane perturbation was evaluated to measure the release of lactate dehydrogenase and to determine the cell viability with sodium 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) -5-(2, 4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium dye reduction assay. The lucifer yellow flux was 1.0 and 1.5 nmol/h/cm(2) with 50 microM PC, and 17.0 and 23.0 nmol/h/cm(2) with 100 microM PC when monolayers of Caco-2 cells were treated with DHA- and EPA-enriched PC, respectively. TEER decreased to 24 and 27% with 50 and 100 microM DHA-enriched PC, and to 25 and 30% with 50 and 100 microM EPA-enriched PC, respectively. Our results show that DHA- and EPA-enriched PC increases tight junction permeability across the Caco-2 cell monolayer whereas soy PC has no effect on tight junction permeability. Transportation and uptake of DHA- and EPA-enriched PC SUV differed significantly (P < 0.01) from those of soy PC SUV at all doses. We found that PC SUV transported across Caco-2 monolayer and was taken up by Caco-2 cells with very slight injury of the cell membrane up to 100 microM PC. Lactate dehydrogenase release and cell viability did not differ significantly between the treatment and control, emphasizing that injury was minimal. Our results suggest that DHA- and EPA-enriched PC enhance the permeability, transport and uptake of PC SUV across monolayers of Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hossain
- Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.
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Drozdowski LA, Iordache C, Clandinin MT, Wild G, Todd Z, Thomson ABR. A combination of dexamethasone and glucagon-like peptide-2 increase intestinal morphology and glucose uptake in suckling rats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 42:32-9. [PMID: 16385251 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000187246.60560.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 enhances nutrient uptake in adult animals. Glucocorticosteroids accelerate intestinal ontogeny and increase nutrient uptake in adult animals. We hypothesized that administering GLP-2 and dexamethasone (DEX) to suckling rats will enhance sugar uptake and that this effect persists into the postweaning period. METHODS Suckling rats were treated for 10 days with GLP-2 (0.1 microg/g/d, twice daily), DEX (0.128 microg/g/d, once daily), GLP-2 + Dex (same doses as above), or placebo. The rate of intestinal uptake of glucose and fructose in sucklings (19-21 days old) and weanlings (49 days old) was assessed using an in vitro ring technique. RESULTS DEX reduced body weight in weanlings, whereas GLP-2 + DEX prevented this effect. In sucklings, GLP-2 + DEX increased ileal villous height and jejunal and ileal villous width and crypt depth. In sucklings, GLP-2 + DEX increased the maximal transport rate (Vmax) for jejunal glucose uptake, whereas DEX reduced the ileal Vmax. In weanlings, GLP-2 + DEX increased jejunal villous height, whereas ileal villous width and crypt depth were reduced. DEX increased the ileal Vmax and apparent affinity constant for glucose in weanlings. CONCLUSIONS The combination of these hormones may be useful in stimulating glucose uptake in the developing intestine, and giving DEX to sucklings may enhance glucose uptake in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Drozdowski
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Jacobson K, Mundra H, Innis SM. Intestinal responsiveness to experimental colitis in young rats is altered by maternal diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 289:G13-20. [PMID: 15731507 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00459.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that fetal and neonatal nutrition impacts later health. Aims of the present study were to determine the effect of maternal dietary fat composition on intestinal phospholipid fatty acids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in suckling rat pups. Female rats were fed isocaloric diets varying only in fat composition throughout gestation and lactation. The oils used were high (8%) in n-3 [canola oil (18:3n-3)], n-6 (72%) [safflower oil (18:2n-6)], or n-9 (78%) [high oleic acid safflower oil (18:1n-9)] fatty acids, n = 6/group. Colitis was induced on postnatal day 15 by intrarectal 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) administration with vehicle (50% ethanol) and procedure (0.9% saline) controls. Jejunal and colonic phospholipids and milk fatty acids were determined. The distal colon was assessed for macroscopic damage, histology, and MPO activity. The 18:2n-6 maternal diet increased n-6 fatty acids, whereas the 18:3n-3 diet increased n-3 fatty acids in milk and pup jejunal and colonic phospholipids. Maternal diet, milk, and pup intestinal n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid ratios increased significantly in order: high 18:3n-3 < high 18:1n-9 < high 18:2n-6. DNBS administration in pups in the high 18:2n-6 group led to severe colitis with higher colonic damage scores and MPO activity than in the 18:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 groups. High maternal dietary 18:3n-3 intake was associated with colonic damage scores and MPO activity, which were not significantly different from ethanol controls. We demonstrate that maternal dietary fat influences the composition of intestinal lipids and responsiveness to experimental colitis in nursing offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan Jacobson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Nutrition Research Program, British Columbia Institute for Children's and Women's Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Iordache C, Drozdowski L, Clandinin MT, Wild G, Todd Z, Thomson ABR. Treatment of suckling rats with GLP-2 plus dexamethasone increases the ileal uptake of fatty acids in later life. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005; 288:G54-9. [PMID: 15591587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00047.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticosteroids such as dexamethasone (Dex) increase sugar and lipid uptake in adult animals and accelerate the development of the immature intestine. The effect of Dex on the ontogeny of lipid absorption is unknown. In adult rats, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has a trophic effect on the intestine and enhances nutrient absorption. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of GLP-2 and Dex on the intestine uptake of lipids in suckling rats and to determine whether any such effect persists into the postweanling period. Sixty-four suckling rats were randomized into four groups. They were treated from days 11 to 21 with GLP-2 (0.1 microg.g(-1).day(-1) sc), Dex (0.128 microg.g(-1).day(-1) sc), GLP-2 plus Dex (GLP-2 0.1 microg.g(-1).day(-1) sc + Dex 0.128 microg.g(-1).day(-1) sc), or placebo. One-half the pups were killed at days 19-21 ("sucklings"), and one-half were killed 4 wk later ("weanlings"). The rate of intestinal uptake of six fatty acids (12:0, lauric; 16:0, palmitic; 18:0, stearic; 18:1, oleic; 18:2, linoleic; and 18:3, linolenic) and cholesterol was assessed using an in vitro ring technique. GLP-2 had no effect on lipid uptake. Dex increased the uptake of 18:3 in sucklings, and the ileal uptake of 18:0 was increased in weanlings. The combination of GLP-2 plus Dex had no effect in sucklings and increased the ileal uptake of 12:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 in weanlings. The enhanced uptake of fatty acids with GLP-2 plus Dex was not explained by alterations in the animals' body or intestinal weights, intestinal morphology, or intestinal- or liver-fatty acid binding proteins. Unlike adults, GLP-2 does not enhance lipid uptake in sucklings. Dex has a modest enhancing effect on selected fatty acid uptake both in sucklings as well as weanlings. GLP-2 plus Dex has an enhancing effect on the ileal uptake of fatty acids in weanlings 4 wk after their previous injection with GLP-2 plus Dex. It remains to be established what is the nutritional importance of this late effect of prior exposure to Dex or GLP-2 plus Dex on the intestinal uptake of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Iordache
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2C8, Canada
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Korotkova M, Telemo E, Hanson LA, Strandvik B. Modulation of neonatal immunological tolerance to ovalbumin by maternal essential fatty acid intake. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15:112-22. [PMID: 15059186 DOI: 10.1046/j.1399-3038.2003.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines whether dietary essential fatty acid (EFA) intake influences the induction of oral tolerance to ovalbumin (OA) in neonatal and adult rats. During late gestation and throughout lactation Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet supplemented (S) with EFA (7% soybean oil), or a diet deficient (D) in EFA (7% hydrogenated lard). The rat offspring were subsequently exposed to OA either via the milk at 10-16 days (neonatal rats), or as adults via the drinking water at 7-9 wk of age. Oral administration of OA to the adult rats lead to suppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity and IgG antibody response against OA, which was not influenced by their diets. In the offspring of the dams fed the D diet antigen exposure via the milk resulted in suppression of the serum antibody levels and DTH reaction against OA indicating induction of oral tolerance. Higher transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) mRNA levels in the draining lymph nodes suggested this to be mediated by regulatory T cells. In contrast, OA exposure of the dams fed the S diet did not result in a suppressed OA response of their offspring. Thus, the quality of FA ingested by the mother may have effects on the development of immunological tolerance to dietary antigens in the offspring. Our results might have importance for the understanding of the increase in allergy related to the Western type of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Korotkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Abstract
A few studies conducted over the past decade suggest that formulas supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids may adversely affect growth of preterm infants. Others suggest that a high intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3), the precursor of the long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, also may limit growth. The majority of studies, however, have not shown an effect of either long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids or their precursor on growth. Nonetheless, the importance of growth during infancy and the possibility that these fatty acids may inhibit growth under some circumstances makes the issue worthy of further consideration. At the very least, plausible mechanisms for such an effect of n-3 PUFA on growth should be considered. These include (1) altered nutrient intake, absorption, and/or utilization; (2) low plasma and tissue contents of arachidonic acid (ARA;20:4 n-6); (3) an imbalance between n-6 and n-3 LCPUFA eicosanoid precursors and, hence, the eicosanoids produced from each; (4) altered membrane characteristics; and (5) effects on gene expression. Each of these is discussed. It is concluded that any or all are feasible but that none can be specifically implicated. Moreover, since few studies were designed specifically to assess growth, the reported effects of n-3 PUFA on growth could represent chance findings secondary to the suboptimal design. Furthermore, although additional data are needed for a definitive conclusion, the observed effects on growth, regardless of mechanism, does not appear to be biologically significant.
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