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Lemaitre RN, Johnson CO, Hesselson S, Sotoodehnia N, Sotoodhenia N, McKnight B, Sitlani CM, Rea TD, King IB, Kwok PY, Mak A, Li G, Brody J, Larson E, Mozaffarian D, Psaty BM, Huertas-Vazquez A, Tardif JC, Albert CM, Lyytikäinen LP, Arking DE, Kääb S, Huikuri HV, Krijthe BP, Eijgelsheim M, Wang YA, Reinier K, Lehtimäki T, Pulit SL, Brugada R, Müller-Nurasyid M, Newton-Cheh CH, Karhunen PJ, Stricker BH, Goyette P, Rotter JI, Chugh SS, Chakravarti A, Jouven X, Siscovick DS. Common variation in fatty acid metabolic genes and risk of incident sudden cardiac arrest. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:471-7. [PMID: 24418166 PMCID: PMC3966996 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on genetic factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). OBJECTIVE To assess the association of common variation in genes in fatty acid pathways with SCA risk. METHODS We selected 85 candidate genes and 1155 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging common variation in each gene. We investigated the SNP associations with SCA in a population-based case-control study. Cases (n = 2160) were from a repository of SCA in the greater Seattle area. Controls (n = 2615), frequency-matched on age and sex, were from the same area. We used linear logistic regression to examine SNP associations with SCA. We performed permutation-based p-min tests to account for multiple comparisons within each gene. The SNP associations with a corrected P value of <.05 were then examined in a meta-analysis of these SNP associations in 9 replication studies totaling 2129 SCA cases and 23,833 noncases. RESULTS Eight SNPs in or near 8 genes were associated with SCA risk in the discovery study, one of which was nominally significant in the replication phase (rs7737692, minor allele frequency 36%, near the LPCAT1 gene). For each copy of the minor allele, rs7737692 was associated with 13% lower SCA risk (95% confidence interval -21% to -5%) in the discovery phase and 9% lower SCA risk (95% confidence interval -16% to -1%) in the replication phase. CONCLUSIONS While none of the associations reached significance with Bonferroni correction, a common genetic variant near LPCAT1, a gene involved in the remodeling of phospholipids, was nominally associated with incident SCA risk. Further study is needed to validate this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Catherine O Johnson
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie Hesselson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Nona Sotoodhenia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas D Rea
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Angel Mak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric Larson
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine M Albert
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heikki V Huikuri
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Bouwe P Krijthe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging [NCHA], The Netherlands
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ying A Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kyndaron Reinier
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, the Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut Investigació Biomèdica de Girona IDIBGI-Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chris H Newton-Cheh
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Pekka J Karhunen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging [NCHA], The Netherlands; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Inspectorate for Health Care, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Goyette
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Sumeet S Chugh
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Department of Cardiology, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Department of Epidemiology, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Lu Q, Chen WY, Zhu ZY, Chen J, Xu YC, Kaewpet M, Rukachaisirikul V, Chen LL, Shen X. L655,240, acting as a competitive BACE1 inhibitor, efficiently decreases β-amyloid peptide production in HEK293-APPswe cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1459-68. [PMID: 22842730 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify a small molecule L655,240 as a novel β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitor and to investigate its effects on β-amyloid (Aβ) generation in vitro. METHODS Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to characterize the inhibitory effect of L655,240 on BACE1. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology-based assay was performed to study the binding affinity of L655,240 for BACE1. The selectivity of L655,240 toward BACE1 over other aspartic proteases was determined with enzymatic assay. The effects of L655,240 on Aβ40, Aβ42, and sAPPβ production were studied in HEK293 cells stably expressing APP695 Swedish mutant(K595N/M596L) (HEK293-APPswe cells). The activities of BACE1, γ-secretase and α-secretase were assayed, and both the mRNA and protein levels of APP and BACE1 were evaluated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS L655,240 was determined to be a competitive, selective BACE1 inhibitor (IC(50)=4.47±1.37 μmol/L), which bound to BACE1 directly (K(D)=17.9±0.72 μmol/L). L655,240 effectively reduced Aβ40, Aβ42, and sAPPβ production by inhibiting BACE1 without affecting the activities of γ-secretase and α-secretase in HEK293-APPswe cells. L655,240 has no effect on APP and BACE1 mRNA or protein levels in HEK293-APPswe cells. CONCLUSION The small molecule L655,240 is a novel BACE1 inhibitor that can effectively decreases Aβ production in vitro, thereby highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Wacker MJ, Best SR, Kosloski LM, Stachura CJ, Smoot RL, Porter CB, Orr JA. Thromboxane A2-induced arrhythmias in the anesthetized rabbit. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 290:H1353-61. [PMID: 16339832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00930.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted in the anesthetized rabbit to investigate mechanisms for arrhythmias that occur after left atrial injection of the thromboxane A2 (TxA2) mimetic U-46619. Arrhythmias were primarily of ventricular origin, dose dependent in frequency, and TxA2 receptor mediated. The response was receptor specific since arrhythmias were absent after pretreatment with a specific TxA2 receptor antagonist (SQ-29548) and did not occur in response to another prostaglandin, PGF2α. Alterations in coronary blood flow were unlikely the cause of these arrhythmias because coronary blood flow (as measured with florescent microspheres) was unchanged after U-46619, and there were no observable changes in the ECG-ST segment. In addition, arrhythmias did not occur after administration of another vasoconstrictor (phenylephrine). The potential involvement of autonomic cardiac efferent nerves in these arrhythmias was also investigated because TxA2 has been shown to stimulate peripheral nerves. Pretreatment of animals with the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol did not reduce the frequency of these arrhythmias. Pretreatment with atropine or bilateral vagotomy resulted in an increased frequency of arrhythmias, suggesting that parasympathetic nerves may actually inhibit the arrhythmogenic activity of TxA2. These experiments demonstrate that left atrial injection of U-46619 elicits arrhythmias via a mechanism independent of a significant reduction in coronary blood flow or activation of the autonomic nervous system. It is possible that TxA2 may have a direct effect on the electrical activity of the heart in vivo, which provides significant implications for cardiac events where TxA2 is increased, e.g., after myocardial ischemia or administration of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wacker
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Lee YM, Hsiao G, Chen HR, Chen YC, Sheu JR, Yen MH. Magnolol reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via neutrophil inhibition in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 422:159-67. [PMID: 11430926 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of oxygen-free radicals and activation of neutrophils are strongly implicated as important pathophysiological mechanisms mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. It has been proven that various antioxidants have cardioprotective effects. Magnolol, an active component extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Magnolia officinalis, possesses potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. In this study, the cardioprotective activity of magnolol was evaluated in an open-chest anesthetized rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg, i.v. bolus) at 10 min before 45 min of left coronary artery occlusion, significantly suppressed the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and mortality when compared with the control group. Magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg) also significantly reduced the total duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. After 1 h of reperfusion, pretreatment with magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg) caused a significant reduction in infarct size. In addition, magnolol (0.2 microg/kg) significantly reduced superoxide anion production and myeloperoxidase activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic myocardium. In addition, pretreatment with magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg) suppressed ventricular arrhythmias elicited by reperfusion following 5 min of ischemia. In vitro studies of magnolol (5, 20 and 50 microM) significantly suppressed N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP; 25 nM)-activated human neutrophil migration in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that magnolol suppresses ischemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias and reduces the size of the infarct resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. This pronounced cardioprotective activity of magnolol may be mediated by its antioxidant activity and by its capacity for neutrophil inhibition in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, PO Box 90048-504, Nei-Hu, Taipei, Taiwan
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