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Sessions AO, Min P, Cordes T, Weickert BJ, Divakaruni AS, Murphy AN, Metallo CM, Engler AJ. Preserved cardiac function by vinculin enhances glucose oxidation and extends health- and life-span. APL Bioeng 2018; 2. [PMID: 30105314 PMCID: PMC6086353 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite limited regenerative capacity as we age, cardiomyocytes maintain their function in part through compensatory mechanisms, e.g., Vinculin reinforcement of intercalated discs in aged organisms. This mechanism, which is conserved from flies to non-human primates, creates a more crystalline sarcomere lattice that extends lifespan, but systemic connections between the cardiac sarcomere structure and lifespan extension are not apparent. Using the rapidly aging fly system, we found that cardiac-specific Vinculin-overexpression [Vinculin heart-enhanced (VincHE)] increases heart contractility, maximal cardiac mitochondrial respiration, and organismal fitness with age. Systemic metabolism also dramatically changed with age and VincHE; steady state sugar concentrations, as well as aerobic glucose metabolism, increase in VincHE and suggest enhanced energy substrate utilization with increased cardiac performance. When cardiac stress was induced with the complex I inhibitor rotenone, VincHE hearts sustain contractions unlike controls. This work establishes a new link between the cardiac cytoskeleton and systemic glucose utilization and protects mitochondrial function from external stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla O Sessions
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Peter Min
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Barry J Weickert
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Adam J Engler
- Biomedical Sciences Program, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Adverse renal effects of hydrochlorothiazide in rats with myocardial infarction treated with an ACE inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 602:373-9. [PMID: 19084001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diuretics, when added to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) treatment, can augment the response to ACE inhibitors, but may have adverse effects on renal function, which negatively affect prognosis. While in heart failure rats combined therapy initially improved cardiac function and prognosis, this benefit was completely lost at later stages. We now studied renal effects of adding hydrochlorothiazide to ACE inhibitor after myocardial infarction in rats. Rats were randomized to ACE inhibitor quinapril monotherapy or quinapril with add-on hydrochlorothiazide. Survival was monitored for 14 months. Plasma creatinine, measured at 4 months, was increased by 40% in quinapril with add-on hydrochlorothiazide compared to quinapril. Although overall 14-months mortality was similar in quinapril with add-on hydrochlorothiazide and quinapril, stratification based on plasma creatinine showed increased mortality in the tertile with highest plasma creatinine (P=0.03, Log rank). With add-on hydrochlorotiazide, renal morphology displayed severe renal interstitial lesions; tubular dilatation and fibrosis. Interstitial myofibroblast transformation (alpha-smooth muscle actine staining) was increased at 8 and 14 months, and coincided with collagen deposition and interstitial inflammation (macrophage influx). In rats with quinapril monotherapy or untreated rats, renal structure was normal. Thus, adding hydrochlorotiazide to ACE inhibitor detrimentally affected not only renal function, but also renal structure in rats with myocardial infarction. Altered pharmacokinetics, resulting from a vicious circle of reduced renal function and increased circulating drug levels, may provide an explanation for the adverse renal effects and may exert unfavorable effects on long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction.
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Westendorp B, Schoemaker RG, Buikema H, de Zeeuw D, Boomsma F, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Beneficial effects of add-on hydrochlorothiazide in rats with myocardial infarction optimally treated with quinapril. Eur J Heart Fail 2005; 7:1085-94. [PMID: 16326361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of ACE inhibitor (ACEi) therapy are enhanced by inducing a negative sodium balance. Whether this strategy also improves outcome of chronic ACEi treatment after myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or dietary sodium restriction further improves survival in ACEi-treated rats with MI. METHODS MI was induced by coronary ligation. After 2 weeks rats were randomised to quinapril (QUI), HCTZ added to quinapril (QUI+HCTZ), or low sodium diet added to quinapril (QUI+LS). Survival was monitored for 62 weeks, after which left ventricular (LV) pressures were measured and blood for neurohumoral characterisation was collected. A separate group of rats, subjected to the same procedure, was evaluated after 35 weeks. RESULTS After 62 weeks, mortality was comparable in all groups. However, survival was improved by HCTZ until 35 weeks. This effect on survival was paralleled by decreased proteinuria and LV end-diastolic pressures in QUI+HCTZ rats at 35, but not 62 weeks. Plasma renin activity was significantly decreased in QUI+HCTZ rats at 35 weeks. Contrary to HCTZ, LS added to QUI caused no benefit. CONCLUSIONS Adding HCTZ, but not LS, to quinapril improved survival, neurohumoral status, and proteinuria during the early chronic phase of experimental post-MI LV dysfunction. Since no adverse effects were observed, HCTZ may safely be used to improve ACEi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Westendorp
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Mougenot N, Bos R, Médiani O, Lechat P. Captopril-furosemide survival study in experimental heart failure. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005; 19:457-64. [PMID: 16011733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2005.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of diuretic drug administration remains to be defined in heart failure as experimental and clinical evidence have clearly established the benefit of neurohormonal blockade. The impact of addition of diuretic treatment to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on survival remains to be demonstrated. The objectives of the study were to evaluate cardiovascular and renal effects of addition of diuretic treatment to captopril (2 g/L, in drinking water), on survival, on the experimental model of heart failure. Rats were followed for 10 months after coronary ligation. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic, morphometry and renal function investigations were then performed on surviving rats. Survival (from 34 to 61%), diuresis and natriuresis were significantly improved compared to control group only in animals treated with a combination of captopril + furosemide. In treated group: cardiac dimensions were reduced with left ventricular fractional shortening significantly increased in combination group (from 22.4 to 28%); captopril + furosemide animals had highest heart rate and lowest systolic and diastolic blood pressures; body and heart weight were reduced, but kidney weight was significantly increased with furosemide (1.7 g in control vs. 2 g in capto + furo); plasma renin activity and angiotensin 1 were greatly increased, and moderately stimulated in control. In conclusion, this combination of drugs significantly improved cardiac remodeling and survival of animals, increased diuresis and natriuresis despite stimulation of plasma renin activity and kidney hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mougenot
- Pharmacology Department, CHU Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC2.3.1.20), a key enzyme in triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis, not only participates in lipid metabolism but also influences metabolic pathways of other fuel molecules. Changes in the expression and/or activity levels of DGAT may lead to changes in systemic insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. The synthetic role of DGAT in adipose tissue, the liver, and the intestine, sites where endogenous levels of DGAT activity and TG synthesis are high, is relatively clear. Less clear is whether DGAT plays a mediating or preventive role in the development of ectopic lipotoxicity in tissues such as muscle and the pancreas, when their supply of free fatty acids (FFAs) exceeds their needs. Future studies with tissue-specific overexpression and/or knockout in these animal models would be expected to shed additional light on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
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Barthelemy C, Eurin J, Lechat P, Masson F, Cortines M, Mougenot N, Soualmia H, Carayon A. The mechanism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril is not related to bradykinin level in heart tissue. Peptides 2002; 23:1161-9. [PMID: 12126746 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(02)00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) quinapril, we performed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) to quantify bradykinin, BK-(1-9), in heart and kidney tissues. The BK-(1-9) level was unaffected in the heart of sham and water-deprived rats treated for 2h with quinapril (10mg/kg), but was significantly higher in the kidneys in the two groups. In these conditions, circulating and tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were significantly decreased by quinapril. Moreover, our results indicated that acute treatment with this dose of quinapril induced kinin-mediated effects which were not related to its action on bradykinin degradation in rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Barthelemy
- Laboratoire de Biochimie médicale, IFR 14, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91 Bd de l'Hopital, 75634 Cedex 13, Paris, France.
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Gálvez A, Ocaranza MP, Lavandero S, Jalil JE. [Early prevention of experimental left ventricular hypertrophy in experimental hypertension and angiotensin II levels]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2001; 54:1287-94. [PMID: 11707239 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(01)76499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin II levels can be partially inhibited during chronic administration of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, limiting from a clinical point of view its efficacy in the treatment of hypertension. There are few studies relating ACE activity directly with early prevention of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in systemic hypertension during the administration of an ACE inhibitor (ACEI). AIM To evaluate the effects of early ACE inhibition with perindopril on the development of hypertension, LVH and levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) in plasma as well as in LV in the rat Goldblatt model (Gb; 2 kidneys-1 clip), 2 weeks after surgery. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure and relative LV mass increased by 42% and 20% respectively, in the Gb group (p < 0.001). Plasma and LV ACE activities were significantly higher in the Gb rats compared with the control rats. Plasma and LV Ang II levels also increased by 129% and 800%, respectively. Perindorpil prevented hypertension and LVH development by inhibiting plasma ACE (and also LV ACE), and also circulation Ang II in plasma and in the LV. CONCLUSIONS In this experimental model of hypertensive LVH, there is an early activation of plasma and cardiac ACE. Early administration of an ACE inhibitor prevents the development of hypertension and LVH by inhibiting the increases of plasma and LV Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ramirez-Gil JF, Delcayre C, Robert V, Wassef M, Trouve P, Mougenot N, Charlemagne D, Lechat P. In vivo left ventricular function and collagen expression in aldosterone/salt-induced hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 32:927-34. [PMID: 9869498 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199812000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is linked to aldosterone-induced hypertension, but the effects on in vivo left ventricular (LV) function are not established. We studied the relations between in vivo LV function and aldosterone/salt cardiac fibrosis. Adult guinea pigs (GPs) were treated for 3 months with an aldosterone infusion and high-salt diet. This treatment induced arterial hypertension (+35%) and moderate LV hypertrophy (LVH; +60%) without right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. Echo-Doppler LV assessment demonstrated unaltered cardiac output, stroke volume, or LV relaxation. Type I collagen messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly increased in both ventricles (LV, +48%; RV, +77%) and accompanied by a significant increase in total collagen deposition (LV, from 0.52% in controls to 4.4% in treated GPs; RV, from 0.82 to 5.5% in treated GPs). Plasma norepinephrine levels increased 2.6-fold (p < 0.01) and correlated with the increase in collagen deposition in both ventricles. Collagen content was not correlated with hypertension or LVH. We conclude that aldosterone administration induces cardiac collagen accumulation and a sympathetic stimulation, which might preserve systolic and diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ramirez-Gil
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire, Institut Federatif de Recherche de Génetique et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire INSERM-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Ramírez-Gil JF, Trouvé P, Mougenot N, Carayon A, Lechat P, Charlemagne D. Modifications of myocardial Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in aldosterone/salt-induced hypertension in guinea pigs. Cardiovasc Res 1998; 38:451-62. [PMID: 9709406 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in cardiac Na+,K(+)-ATPase subunits and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expression are regulated in aldosterone-salt hypertensive guinea pigs. METHODS Guinea pigs (GP) were unilaterally nephrectomized and randomized into three groups (aldosterone-salt; control-salt; control). After 90 days of treatment, echocardiographic M-mode assessment and right carotid arterial catheterization were performed in vivo, and plasma hormones and electrolytes were measured. mRNA and protein levels were studied by Northern and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Aldosterone-salt treatment induced, (1) arterial hypertension (+40%) and LV hypertrophy (+60%) without altering LV-fractional shortening, (2) an increase in plasma norepinephrine levels (+262%) and suppression of renin activity. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of the mRNA encoding the three alpha isoforms and the beta 1 subunit of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in GP myocardium. In the aldosterone-salt group, levels of alpha 1 and beta 1 mRNAs were unchanged. alpha 2 mRNA was increased in both ventricles, whereas alpha 3 mRNA was increased in hypertrophied LV only. Furthermore, levels of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA were decreased in both ventricles. At protein level, the two major transcripts (alpha 1 and alpha 2) were detected but alpha 3 isoform was not. Parallel changes in protein and mRNA accumulation of alpha 1 and alpha 2 isoforms were observed in hypertrophied LV. CONCLUSION These results show that alpha 1 and alpha 2 isoforms are expressed in GP heart and that they are independently regulated in aldosterone-salt hypertension. Like the alpha 1 isoform in renal tissue, alpha 2 isoform is the main target of aldosterone-salt. Reciprocal expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and Na+,K(+)-ATPase suggests an adaptational mechanism which maintains an appropriate sodium gradient and calcium concentration in hypertensive myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ramírez-Gil
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire, Service de Pharmacologie, IFR Génétique et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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