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Gomes LTDC, de Sena MO, Dantas PB, Barbosa AIDS, Holanda VAD, Oliveira JIN, Gavioli EC, da Silva Junior ED. Smooth muscle contraction of the fundus of stomach, duodenum and bladder from mice exposed to a stress-based model of depression. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114374. [PMID: 37806511 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have demonstrated that depressive disorder is related to somatic symptoms including gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations associated with the depression are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the motor activity of gastrointestinal (fundus of stomach and duodenum) and genitourinary tract (bladder) in a stress-based animal model of depression. Adult male mice were submitted to uncontrollable and unpredictable stress (learned helplessness model), controllable stress and non-stressful situations (control). Then, animals were euthanized and the fundus of stomach, duodenum segments or whole bladder were isolated and mounted in a standard organ bath preparation. We evaluated the contractile effects induced by KCl 80 mM for 5 min or carbachol (acetylcholine receptor agonist). The relaxant effects of isoproterenol (β-adrenoceptor agonist) were also checked. Animals submitted to the learned helplessness model developed a helpless (depressive-like behavior) or resilient (does not exhibit depressive-like behavior) phenotype. The contractions induced by carbachol were diminished in fundus of stomach isolated from helpless and resilient animals. The isoproterenol-induced fundus of stomach relaxation was reduced in resilient but not helpless mice. The contractions/relaxation of duodenum segments isolated from helpless or resilient animals were not altered. Both helpless and resilient animals showed an increase in the bladder contractions induced by carbachol while the relaxant effects of isoproterenol were reduced when compared to control. Conversely, mice underwent a controllable stress situation did not exhibit alterations in the fundus of stomach or duodenum contraction/relaxation induced by pharmacological agents although a decrease in the bladder contraction induced by carbachol was found. In conclusion, incontrollable and unpredictable stress and not depressive phenotype (helpless animals) or controllable stress could be related to the alterations in motor activity of the fundus of stomach and bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Talinne da Costa Gomes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Maele Oliveira de Sena
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro Brüch Dantas
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Aldemara Ingrid da Silva Barbosa
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Victor Anastácio Duarte Holanda
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Edilson Dantas da Silva Junior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
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2
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Rocco E, Grimaldi MC, Maino A, Cappannoli L, Pedicino D, Liuzzo G, Biasucci LM. Advances and Challenges in Biomarkers Use for Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: From Bench to Clinical Practice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2055. [PMID: 35407662 PMCID: PMC8999821 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is related to a broad variety of clinical scenarios in which cardiac microvasculature is morphologically and functionally affected, and it is associated with impaired responses to vasoactive stimuli. Although the prevalence of CMD involves about half of all patients with chronic coronary syndromes and more than 20% of those with acute coronary syndrome, the diagnosis of CMD is often missed, leading to the underestimation of its clinical importance. The established and validated techniques for the measurement of coronary microvascular function are invasive and expensive. An ideal method to assess endothelial dysfunction should be accurate, non-invasive, cost-effective and accessible. There are varieties of biomarkers available, potentially involved in microvascular disease, but none have been extensively validated in this heterogeneous clinical population. The investigation of potential biomarkers linked to microvascular dysfunction might improve the assessment of the diagnosis, risk stratification, disease progression and therapy response. This review article offers an update about traditional and novel potential biomarkers linked to CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Rocco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Cardiology Unit, ICOT Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04110 Latina, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Grimaldi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Luigi Cappannoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Daniela Pedicino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Marzio Biasucci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Malik MT, Majeed MF, Zand R. Serotonin Syndrome Presenting as a Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Case Rep Neurol 2020; 12:63-68. [PMID: 32231545 PMCID: PMC7098365 DOI: 10.1159/000505907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological syndrome characterized by an altered level of consciousness, headaches, seizure, and visual changes. PRES has several different etiologies, including malignant hypertension, eclampsia, and certain medications. Here, we describe a 41-year-old woman who presented with altered mental status. She had a preliminary diagnosis of serotonin syndrome as she was on many different serotonin-sparing agents, but her imaging findings were consistent with PRES. After her medications were reviewed and the causative agent was removed, the patient's neurological exam and imaging findings improved, and she returned to her baseline. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of PRES caused by serotonin syndrome secondary to venlafaxine usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramin Zand
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Grotthus B, Szeląg A. The Effect of Sertraline on Hemodynamic Parameters and Nitric Oxide Production in Isolated Rat Hearts Subjected to Ischemia and Reperfusion. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:149-158. [PMID: 31920405 PMCID: PMC6934109 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s209085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sertraline on the rat heart during ischemia and reperfusion and to determine its effect on NO production. Materials and methods The study was performed on isolated rat hearts. Hearts from three groups were perfused with sertraline at three different concentrations and subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion. Hearts from the other three groups were perfused with the same concentrations of sertraline but without the ischemia/reperfusion process. Two control groups were perfused with the Krebs-Henseleit solution only with and without ischemia/reperfusion process. Coronary flow (CF), heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt max) were measured. Perfusate effluent was collected to determine creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) levels. Results In non-ischemic groups, sertraline at the concentration of 10 μmol/L exerts a strong vasodilatory effect on CF, and after a short positive inotropic effect, it exerts a strong inotropic and chronotropic negative effect on isolated rat hearts and causes a direct damage to cardiomyocytes. At the concentration of 1 μmol/L, sertraline exerts an increasing negative inotropic effect. There were no hemodynamic differences between any of groups of hearts subjected to reperfusion. Sertraline had no effect on the nitric oxide concentration in coronary effluent neither in rat hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion nor in non-ischemic conditions. Conclusion Sertraline at dose 10 μmol/L exerts a strong vasodilatory effect on coronary flow, and after a short positive inotropic effect, it exerts a strong negative effect on isolated rat hearts, causing a direct damage to cardiomyocytes. Sertraline had no effect on the nitric oxide concentration in coronary effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Grotthus
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Bezerra MS, Martins ABM, Trajano FMG, Pontes THDA, Gomes LTDC, Gavioli EC, Silva Junior EDD. Fluoxetine and sertraline effects on rat distal cauda epididymis contraction, sperm count and sperm transit time trough epididymis. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Ungvari Z, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Csiszar A. Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Treatment With Fluoxetine and Other Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Patients With Geriatric Depression: Implications for Atherogenesis and Cerebromicrovascular Dysregulation. Front Genet 2019; 10:898. [PMID: 31616477 PMCID: PMC6764114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Late life depression is an important public health problem, which associates with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including fluoxetine, are often prescribed to treat geriatric depression. There is increasing evidence that fluoxetine and other SSRIs exert a wide range of cardiovascular side effects. Furthermore, there is evidence that aging may increase plasma level of SSRIs. In this overview, the potential role of side effects of treatment with fluoxetine and other SSRIs in the pathogenesis of age-related cardiovascular diseases, including atherogenesis, cardiac pathologies, and cerebromicrovascular impairment, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Shea AK, Meschino D, Wolfman W. The effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2019; 22:507-510. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1604655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Shea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Meschino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W. Wolfman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Kahl KG. Direct and indirect effects of psychopharmacological treatment on the cardiovascular system. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 36:hmbci-2018-0054. [PMID: 30427780 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe mental disorders, i.e. psychotic disorders, unipolar and bipolar disorders are associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The underlying cause of this association is complex and comprises disorder specific alterations such as dysfunctions of immunological and hormonal systems, body-composition changes and health associated behaviors (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol intake and treatment compliance). Furthermore, some psychopharmacological drugs may exert unwanted side effects that impact the cardiovascular system. Methods This paper reviews studies concerning commonly used antidepressant and antipsychotics drugs with a particular focus on direct and indirect cardiovascular side effects. Results Newer antidepressant drugs have a favorable cardiovascular safety profile compared to tricyclic antidepressants. However, QTc prolongation, increased blood pressure and potentially higher risks of bleeding have been observed in some newer antidepressants. Some second generation (atypical) antipsychotics have raised concern because of indirect cardiovascular, metabolic side effects such as weight gain and disturbances in lipid and glucose metabolism. Conclusions Psychiatrists need to be aware of potential direct and indirect cardiovascular side effects and to include them in the risk/benefit assessment when choosing a specific individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, Phone: + 49 511 5322495.,Working Group on Polypharmacy, AGNP, Munich, Germany
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9
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Higashi CM, Sartoretto SM, Echem C, Lucchetti BFC, Carvalho MHCD, Pelosi GG, Pinge-Filho P, Gerardin DCC, Moreira EG, Akamine EH, Ceravolo GS. Intrauterine and lactational exposure to fluoxetine enhances endothelial modulation of aortic contractile response in adult female rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:67-73. [PMID: 29653281 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate if maternal exposure to fluoxetine (FLX) during pregnancy and lactation would result in altered aortic reactivity in adult offspring. We also sought to understand the role of endothelium derived relaxing factors in aortic response. Wistar rats (75–80 days old), whose progenitors had received FLX (5 mg/kg, FLX offspring) or tap water (control offspring) during pregnancy and lactation were anesthetized, after which the aorta was removed and cut into two rings, one with (Endo+) and the other without (Endo-) endothelium. Concentration-effect curves for acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and phenylephrine (Phe) were performed. The vasodilation to ACh and SNP was similar between control and FLX groups in both male and female offspring. In male rats, the response to Phe was similar between the FLX and control groups on Endo+ and Endo- rings. The response to Phe was reduced on Endo+ rings from female FLX when compared with the control group. The endothelium removal, as well as L-NAME, indomethacin, and tranylcypromine incubation corrected the reduced Phe-induced contraction in the aorta from the female FLX group. On the other hand, catalase, NS-398, and L-NIL did not interfere with the vasoconstriction. The aortic level of nitric oxide (NO) was
higher in the female FLX than the control group. Although endothelial NO synthase isoform and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 expressions were similar between the groups, there was a notable increment in neuronal NO synthase expression in the aorta of FLX-exposed female rats, suggesting an important role of this enzyme in the higher levels of NO. Our results show that developmental exposure to FLX causes sex-specific alteration in aortic
function through a mechanism involving endothelial factors, probably NO and COX-1 products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Higashi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Simone M Sartoretto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Echem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno F C Lucchetti
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena C de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine G Pelosi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Gerardin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Estefânia G Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eliana H Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
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10
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Effects of psychopharmacological treatment with antidepressants on the vascular system. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 96-98:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Cseplo P, Vamos Z, Torok O, Ivic I, Toth A, Buki A, Koller A. Hemolyzed Blood Elicits a Calcium Antagonist and High CO 2 Reversible Constriction via Elevation of [Ca 2+] i in Isolated Cerebral Arteries. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:529-534. [PMID: 27018759 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, blood is hemolyzed, which is followed by a significant cerebrovascular spasm resulting in a serious clinical condition. Interestingly, however, the direct vasomotor effect of perivascular hemolyzed blood (HB) has not yet been characterized, preventing the assessment of contribution of vasoconstrictor mechanisms deriving from brain tissue and/or blood and development of possible treatments. We hypothesized that perivascular HB reduces the diameter of the cerebral arteries (i.e., basilar artery [BA]; middle cerebral artery [MCA]) by elevating vascular tissue [Ca2+]i level. Vasomotor responses were measured by videomicroscopy and intracellular Ca2+ by the Fura2-AM ratiometric method. Adding HB to the vessel chamber reduced the diameter significantly (BA: from 264 ± 7 to 164 ± 11 μm; MCA: from 185 ± 15 to 155 ± 14 μm), which was reversed to control level by wash-out of HB. Potassium chloride (KCl), HB, serum, hemolyzed red blood cell (RBC), plasma, and platelet suspension (PLTs) elicited significant constrictions of isolated basilar arteries. There was a significant increase in K+ concentration in hemolyzed HB (7.02 ± 0.22 mmol/L) compared to Krebs' solution (6.20 ± 0.01 mmol/L). Before HB, acetylcholine (ACh), sodium-nitroprussid (SNP), nifedipin, and CO2 elicited substantial dilations in cerebral arteries. In contrast, in the presence of HB dilations to ACh, SNP decreased, but not to nifedipine and CO2. After washout of HB, nitric oxide-mediated dilations remained significantly reduced compared to control. HB significantly increased the ratiometric Ca signal, which returned to control level after washout. In conclusion, perivascular hemolyzed blood elicits significant-nifedipine and high CO2 reversible-constrictions of isolated BAs and MCAs, primarily by increasing intracellular Ca2+, findings that can contribute to the refinement of local treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cseplo
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,2 Department of Central Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Petz Aladar County Teaching Hospital , Gyor, Hungary .,6 Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Vamos
- 3 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Torok
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ivic
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Toth
- 4 Institute of Cardiology, Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Buki
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,6 Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,7 MTA-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group , Pecs, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- 1 Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,5 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs , Medical School, Pecs, Hungary .,6 Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs, Hungary .,8 Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education , Budapest, Hungary .,9 Department of Physiology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
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12
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Harris JJ, Reynell C. How do antidepressants influence the BOLD signal in the developing brain? Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 25:45-57. [PMID: 28089656 PMCID: PMC6987820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent life-threatening disorder, with its first onset commonly occurring during adolescence. Adolescent depression is increasingly being treated with antidepressants, such as fluoxetine. The use of medication during this sensitive period of physiological and cognitive brain development produces neurobiological changes, some of which may outlast the course of treatment. In this review, we look at how antidepressant treatment in adolescence is likely to alter neurovascular coupling and brain energy use and how these changes, in turn, affect our ability to identify neuronal activity changes between participant groups. BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), the method most commonly used to record brain activity in humans, is an indirect measure of neuronal activity. This means that between-group comparisons – adolescent versus adult, depressed versus healthy, medicated versus non-medicated – rely upon a stable relationship existing between neuronal activity and the BOLD response across these groups. We use data from animal studies to detail the ways in which fluoxetine may alter this relationship, and explore how these alterations may influence the interpretation of BOLD signal differences between groups that have been treated with fluoxetine and those that have not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Harris
- Life Sciences Department, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Clare Reynell
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Cseplo P, Vamos Z, Ivic I, Torok O, Toth A, Koller A. The Beta-1-Receptor Blocker Nebivolol Elicits Dilation of Cerebral Arteries by Reducing Smooth Muscle [Ca2+]i. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164010. [PMID: 27716772 PMCID: PMC5055296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Nebivolol is known to have beta-1 blocker activity, but it was also suggested that it elicits relaxation of the peripheral arteries in part via release of nitric oxide (NO). However, the effect of nebivolol on the vasomotor tone of cerebral arteries is still unclear. Objective To assess the effects of nebivolol on the diameter of isolated rat basilar arteries (BA) in control, in the presence of inhibitors of vasomotor signaling pathways of know action and hemolysed blood. Methods and Results Vasomotor responses were measured by videomicroscopy and the intracellular Ca2+ by the Fura-2 AM ratiometric method. Under control conditions, nebivolol elicited a substantial dilation of the BA (from 216±22 to 394±20 μm; p<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner (10−7 to 10−4 M). The dilatation was significantly reduced by endothelium denudation or by L-NAME (inhibitor of NO synthase) or by SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase blocker). Dilatation of BA was also affected by beta-2 receptor blockade with butoxamine, but not by the guanylate cyclase blocker ODQ. Interestingly, beta-1 blockade by atenolol inhibited nebivolol-induced dilation. Also, the BKCa channel blocker iberiotoxin and KCa channel inhibitor TEA significantly reduced nebivolol-induced dilation. Nebivolol significantly reduced smooth muscle Ca2+ level, which correlated with the increases in diameters and moreover it reversed the hemolysed blood-induced constriction of BA. Conclusions Nebivolol seems to have an important dilator effect in cerebral arteries, which is mediated via several vasomotor mechanisms, converging on the reduction of smooth muscle Ca2+ levels. As such, nebivolol may be effective to improve cerebral circulation in various diseased conditions, such as hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cseplo
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Central Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Petz Aladar County Teaching Hospital, Gyor, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Vamos
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ivic
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Torok
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Toth
- Institute of Cardiology, Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America.,Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
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Nezafati MH, Eshraghi A, Vojdanparast M, Abtahi S, Nezafati P. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cardiovascular events: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:66. [PMID: 27904611 PMCID: PMC5122239 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.189647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of the role of depression in predicting the outcome of cardiovascular disorders, current medications for treating depression, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are taken into consideration. This study aimed to systematically review the published findings in the use of SSRIs and the risk for cardiac events. MATERIALS AND METHODS An independent review of the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL, index Copernicus, and Google Scholar, up to 2014, was performed. We identified studies evaluating the effect of SSRIs, on cardiovascular events. Articles in English with full text availability, review articles, and experimental studies were included in the study. Among 150 studies reviewed based on the included keywords, 17 met the study criteria and were finally reviewed. RESULTS The use of some types of SSRIs may prevent platelet adhesion and aggregation; control the cardiovascular risk profile including hypertension, insulin resistance, and body weight; and also inhibit inflammatory processes. The appearance of adverse cardiac events, including cardiac arrhythmias (torsade de pointes and QT prolongation), syncope, increased systolic and diastolic right ventricular volume, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading atherosclerosis development, has also been expected with the chronic use of some types of SSRIs. CONCLUSION According to our systematic review, both beneficial and adverse cardiovascular events can be established following the chronic use of various types of SSRIs. Therefore, when taking SSRIs, the cardiovascular effect of each SSRI has to be carefully considered, based on patients' cardiovascular risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Nezafati
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Eshraghi
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vojdanparast
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Abtahi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouya Nezafati
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Simplicio JA, Resstel LB, Tirapelli DP, D'Orléans-Juste P, Tirapelli CR. Contribution of oxidative stress and prostanoids in endothelial dysfunction induced by chronic fluoxetine treatment. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:124-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Calcium intraveineux dans un cas d’hypocalcémie aiguë symptomatique. ANNALES FRANCAISES DE MEDECINE D URGENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13341-014-0430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Cambron M, Mostert J, Haentjens P, D'Hooghe M, Nagels G, Willekens B, Heersema D, Debruyne J, Van Hecke W, Algoed L, De Klippel N, Fosselle E, Laureys G, Merckx H, Van Wijmeersch B, Vanopdenbosch L, Verhagen W, Hupperts R, Hengstman G, Michiels V, Van Merhaegen-Wieleman A, De Keyser J. Fluoxetine in progressive multiple sclerosis (FLUOX-PMS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:37. [PMID: 24460863 PMCID: PMC3931920 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently available disease-modifying treatments acting by modifying the immune response are ineffective in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), which is caused by a widespread axonal degeneration. Mechanisms suspected to be involved in this widespread axonal degeneration are reduced axonal energy metabolism, axonal glutamate toxicity, and reduced cerebral blood flow. Fluoxetine might theoretically reduce axonal degeneration in MS because it stimulates energy metabolism through enhancing glycogenolysis, stimulates the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and dilates cerebral arterioles. The current document presents the protocol of a clinical trial to test the hypothesis that fluoxetine slows down the progressive phase of MS. Methods/Design The FLUOX-PMS trial is a multi-center, randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical study. A total of 120 patients with the diagnosis of either secondary or primary progressive MS will be treated either by fluoxetine (40 mg daily) or placebo for a total period of 108 weeks. The primary endpoint is the time to confirmed disease progression defined as either at least a 20% increase in the timed 25-Foot Walk or at least a 20% increase in the 9-Hole Peg Test. Secondary endpoints include the Hauser ambulation index, cognitive changes, fatigue, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and in a small subgroup optical coherence tomography. Discussion The FLUOX-PMS trial will gives us information as to whether fluoxetine has neuroprotective effects in patients with progressive MS. Trial Registration Eudra-CT: 2011-003775-11
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cambron
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brussel, Center for Neurosciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Haskell SE, Hermann GM, Reinking BE, Volk KA, Peotta VA, Zhu V, Roghair RD. Sertraline exposure leads to small left heart syndrome in adult mice. Pediatr Res 2013; 73:286-93. [PMID: 23232669 PMCID: PMC3607080 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2012.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is the most commonly prescribed therapy for maternal depression. Epidemiologic studies have linked SSRI exposure with decreased fetal growth, altered autonomic regulation, and cardiac malformations. We hypothesized that SSRI exposure decreases left-ventricular (LV) volumes and increases adult sympathetic nervous system activation, resulting in increased adult heart rates. METHODS C57BL/6 mice received saline or sertraline (5 or 15 mg/kg/day i.p.) on postnatal days 1-14. Adult phenotypes were assessed at 5 mo. RESULTS Sertraline-exposed mice had smaller LV internal diameters in diastole (control 4.0 ± 0.1 mm, SSRI 3.7 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.05), decreased stroke volumes (control 46 ± 2.6 µl, SSRI 37 ± 2.3 µl, P < 0.05), higher heart rates (control 530 ± 13 beats per minute (bpm), SSRI 567 ± 6 bpm, P <0.05), and increased urinary excretion of noradrenaline (control 174 ± 29.4 ng/ml, SSRI 276 ± 35.1 ng/ml, P < 0.05). These changes were associated with increased cerebral serotonin transporter (5-HTT) expression. CONCLUSION Neonatal sertraline exposure causes long-term changes in cardiac morphology and physiology. We speculate that early-life SSRI exposure impairs cardiomyocyte growth and central serotonin signaling, leading to a small left heart syndrome in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Haskell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Gregory M. Hermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Benjamin E. Reinking
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kenneth A. Volk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Veronica A. Peotta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Vivian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Robert D. Roghair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Isaac R, Boura-Halfon S, Gurevitch D, Shainskaya A, Levkovitz Y, Zick Y. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit insulin secretion and action in pancreatic β cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:5682-93. [PMID: 23275337 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.408641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are antidepressants used for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. Here, we demonstrate that incubation (2 h) of murine islets or Min6 β cell line with the SSRIs paroxetine, fluoxetine, or sertraline inhibited insulin-induced Tyr phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 protein and the activation of its downstream targets Akt and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 (S6K1). Inhibition was dose-dependent with half-maximal effects at ∼15-20 μM. It correlated with a rapid dephosphorylation and activation of the IRS kinase GSK3β. Introduction of GSK3β siRNAs eliminated the inhibitory effects of the SSRIs. Inhibition of IRS-2 action by 30 μM SSRI was associated with a marked inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from murine and human pancreatic islets. Secretion induced by basic secretagogues (KCl and Arg) was not affected by these drugs. Prolonged treatment (16 h) of Min6 cells with sertraline resulted in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase; activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the initiation of the unfolded protein response, manifested by enhanced transcription of ATF4 and C/EBP homologous protein. This triggered an apoptotic process, manifested by enhanced caspase 3/7 activity, which resulted in β cell death. These findings implicate SSRIs as inhibitors of IRS protein function and insulin action through the activation of GSK3β. They further suggest that SSRIs inhibit insulin secretion; induce the unfolded protein response; activate an apoptotic process, and trigger β cell death. Given that SSRIs promote insulin resistance while inhibiting insulin secretion, these drugs might accelerate the transition from an insulin-resistant state to overt diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Isaac
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
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Fluoxetine effect on aortic nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation in the unpredictable chronic mild stress model of depression in mice. Psychosom Med 2012; 74:63-72. [PMID: 22210237 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31823a43e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depression is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which depression may induce cardiovascular events is unclear. Endothelial dysfunction has been reported as a possible link between depression and subsequent cardiovascular events as described in depressed subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis formation in the aorta of mice exposed to the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) procedure. METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed to two 7-week UCMS procedures separated by 6 weeks. Treatments (fluoxetine 10 mg/kg; NaCl 0.9%) started at the third week until the end of the seventh week of each procedure. Endothelial function was evaluated by in vitro assessment of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in aortic rings. By using specific inhibitors for nitric oxide (NO)- and prostacyclin-dependent relaxation, we assessed the part played by NO, prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-like mediators in endothelium-dependent relaxation. Atherosclerosis was evaluated by histological examination. RESULTS Depression-like behavior was increased in the UCMS versus unstressed group and was reversed by chronic fluoxetine treatment. Vascular reactivity study indicated that UCMS induced a decrease in the NO-dependent relaxation that was partially compensated by an EDHF-like dependent relaxation. Because fluoxetine per se increased the NO-dependent relaxation, fluoxetine was able to reverse UCMS effect on the NO component and abolished the EDHF-like component. Atherosclerotic lesion was found in aorta of UCMS and nonstressed animals. CONCLUSIONS As an independent risk factor, UCMS reproduced the endothelial alterations observed in depression but was not sufficient to provoke morphological alterations.
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Castro VM, Gallagher PJ, Clements CC, Murphy SN, Gainer VS, Fava M, Weilburg JB, Churchill SE, Kohane IS, Iosifescu DV, Smoller JW, Perlis RH. Incident user cohort study of risk for gastrointestinal bleed and stroke in individuals with major depressive disorder treated with antidepressants. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e000544. [PMID: 22466034 PMCID: PMC3330255 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between exposure to newer antidepressants and risk of gastrointestinal (GI) and other bleeding complications among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). DESIGN This study uses an incident user cohort design to compare associations between incidence of vascular/bleeding events and the relative affinity (low, moderate or high) of the antidepressant for the serotonin transporter during an exposure risk period for each patient. SETTING New England healthcare system electronic medical record database. PARTICIPANTS 36 389 individuals with a diagnosis of MDD and monotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor or other new-generation antidepressant were identified from among 3.1 million patients in a New England healthcare system. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of bleeding or other vascular complications, including acute liver failure, acute renal failure, asthma, breast cancer and hip fractures. RESULTS 601 GI bleeds were observed in the 21 462 subjects in the high-affinity group versus 333 among the 14 927 subjects in the lower affinity group (adjusted RR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.34). Similarly, 776 strokes were observed in the high-affinity group versus 434 in the lower affinity treatment group (adjusted RR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.32). No significant association with risk for a priori negative control outcomes, including acute liver failure, acute renal failure, asthma, breast cancer and hip fractures, was identified. CONCLUSIONS Use of antidepressants with high affinity for the serotonin transporter may confer modestly elevated risk for GI and other bleeding complications. While multiple methodologic limitations must be considered, these results suggest that antidepressants with lower serotonin receptor affinity may be preferred in patients at greater risk for such complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Castro
- Partners Research Computing, Partners HealthCare System, Boston, MA
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Chen MF, Huang YC, Long C, Yang HI, Lee HC, Chen PY, Hoffer BJ, Lee TJF. Bimodal effects of fluoxetine on cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation in porcine large cerebral arteries. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:1651-8. [PMID: 22155207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine-induced relaxation of the smooth muscle of small cerebral arteries is thought beneficial in treating mental disorders. The present study was designed to examine effect of fluoxetine on neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in large cerebral arteries, using in vitro tissue myography, techniques of electrophysiology, calcium imaging and biochemistry. In isolated porcine endothelium-denuded basilar arteries in the presence of U-46619-induced active muscle tone, fluoxetine in low concentration (<0.03 μM) significantly enhanced nicotine- and choline-induced relaxations. The vasorelaxation, however, was blocked by higher concentration of fluoxetine (>0.3 μM) with maximum inhibition at 3 μM. At this concentration, fluoxetine did not affect the basal tone or vasorelaxations induced by transmural nerve stimulation, sodium nitroprusside, or isoproterenol. Furthermore, fluoxetine exclusively blocked nicotine-induced inward currents and calcium influx in cultured neurons of rat superior cervical ganglion and Xenopus oocytes expressing human α7-, α3β2-, or α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In addition, fluoxetine at 0.03 μM and 3 μM significantly enhanced and blocked, respectively, nicotine-induced norepinephrine (NE) release from cerebral perivascular sympathetic nerves. These results indicate that fluoxetine via axo-axonal interaction mechanism exhibits bimodal effects on nAChR-mediated neurogenic nitrergic dilation of basilar arteries. Fluoxetine in high concentrations decreases while in low concentrations it increases neurogenic vasodilation. These results from in vitro experimentation suggest that optimal concentrations of fluoxetine which increase or minimally affect neurogenic vasodilation indicative of regional cerebral blood flow may be important consideration in treating mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Crestani CC, Tavares RF, Guimarães FS, Correa FM, Joca SR, Resstel LB. Chronic fluoxetine treatment alters cardiovascular functions in unanesthetized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:527-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pousti A, Bakhtiarian A, Najafi R, Deemyad T, Brumand K, Hosseini MJ. Effect of sertraline on ouabain-induced arrhythmia in isolated guinea-pig atria. Depress Anxiety 2009; 26:E106-10. [PMID: 19242981 DOI: 10.1002/da.20407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of sertraline a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant was studied on ouabain-induced toxicity (arrhythmia) in spontaneously beating isolated guinea-pig atria. METHODS The guinea-pig atrium was dissected out and suspended in modified Krebs solution under physiological conditions. Drugs were added into solutions. The changes in rate and force of contractions were measured using a physiograph. RESULTS Sertraline (2-16 microg/mL) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the rate of contractions (17-46%) and in the contractile force (26-48%). Ouabain alone (1.2 microg/mL) produced arrhythmia at 7.8 min and asystole at 22 min. Pre- administration of the atria with sertraline (8 microg/mL) significantly increased the time required to produce arrhythmia by ouabain to 20.5 min, prolonged the beating of atria to more than 64.5 min and delayed the occurrence of asystolia. The pattern of contractile force induced by sertraline + ouabain was more regular than that produced by ouabain alone. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that sertraline produces direct cardiac action, probably due to the inhibition of cardiac Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels. Our results suggest that sertraline may reduce the membrane conduction through inhibition of ionic channels which decrease ouabain-induced arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Pousti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Therapy on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 86:527-32. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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van Melle JP, Buikema H, van den Berg MP, van Buiten A, van Veldhuisen DJ, Boonstra PW, van Gilst WH. Sertraline causes strong coronary vasodilation: possible relevance for cardioprotection by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2005; 18:441-7. [PMID: 15770431 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-004-6221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are important antidepressant drugs, knowledge of their vaso active effects is limited. Vaso active effects of the SSRI sertraline were studied in rings of rat aorta, human Internal Mammary Arteries (IMAs) and in Langendorff perfused rat hearts. METHODS The effects of sertraline (0.1 to 300 micromol x L(-1)) on precontracted rat aortic and IMA rings were evaluated in organ bath chambers. Precontraction was elicited by serotonin (5-HT; 10 micromol x L(-1)), phenylephrine (PE; 10 micromol x L(-1)) and potassium chloride (KCl; 50 mmol x L(-1)). In addition, the effects of sertraline on PE induced contraction curves were established by subjecting vascular rings to increasing doses of PE (1 nmol x L(-1) to 10 (micro)mol x L(-1)) in the presence of sertraline or vehicle. Finally, the effects of sertraline on ex vivo coronary flow in rat hearts were examined using a retrograde Langendorff perfusion model. RESULTS Sertraline elicited dose-dependent relaxation, independent of the substance used for precontraction (p < 0.025). Sertraline showed a rightward shift of dose-response curves to PE (p < 0.01). Vasodilatory effects of SSRIs were endothelium independent. In perfused rat hearts, sertraline (0.3 to 10 micromol x L(-1)), showed a concentration-dependent increase in coronary flow that returned to baseline levels after wash-out of the antidepressant (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS One of the SSRIs, sertraline, showed marked vasodilatory effects in rat aorta and human IMAs. Sertraline elicited vasodilatation in coronary arteries during perfusion of rat hearts. These hemodynamic effects may explain
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P van Melle
- Thorax Center, Departments of Cardiology, University Hospital Groningen, POB 30.001 Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Morecroft I, Loughlin L, Nilsen M, Colston J, Dempsie Y, Sheward J, Harmar A, MacLean MR. Functional interactions between 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and the serotonin transporter in pulmonary arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:539-48. [PMID: 15659538 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT) transporter (SERT)-, 5-HT receptor expression, and 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction can be increased in pulmonary hypertension. These variables were studied in normoxic and hypoxic Fawn-Hooded (FH) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Furthermore, we compared the functional effects of SERT inhibitors and 5-HT receptor antagonists against 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction of pulmonary arteries. SERT and 5-HT(1B) expression was greater in FH rat lungs than in SD rats, as was 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction. The 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin and the 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist SB224289 (1'-methyl-5-[[2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]carbonyl]-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-spiro-[furo] 2, 3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine]) inhibited responses to 5-HT in all vessels. The combined 5-HT(1B) receptor/SERT antagonist LY393558 (1-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-1(2H)-pyridinyl]ethyl]-3-isopropyl-6-(methylsulfonyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazine-2,2-dioxide) was the most potent inhibitor of constriction in all vessels. SERT inhibitors citalopram and fluoxetine inhibited responses to 5-HT in SD vessels. However, these inhibitors potentiated responses to 5-HT in FH vessels. After exposure of rats to 2 weeks of hypoxia, there was increased 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction and a profound decrease in SERT expression in both the FH and SD rat lung. Accordingly, citalopram had no effect on 5-HT-induced constriction in SD rat vessels and markedly less effect in FH rat vessels. Ketanserin, SB224289, and LY393558 inhibited responses to 5-HT in all hypoxic rat vessels. LY393558 was the most potent antagonist, and there was synergy between the effects of fluoxetine and SB224289 when given simultaneously. The results suggest that, in FH rats, SERT inhibitors may increase pulmonary vasoconstriction, but this can be inhibited by simultaneous 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonism. There is synergy between the inhibitory effects of 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonists and SERT inhibitors on 5-HT-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Morecroft
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
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Siproudhis L, Dinasquet M, Sébille V, Reymann JM, Bellissant E. Differential effects of two types of antidepressants, amitriptyline and fluoxetine, on anorectal motility and visceral perception. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20:689-95. [PMID: 15352918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although antidepressants are used for functional gastrointestinal disorders, the mechanisms of their effects on gut are incompletely understood. AIM To assess the effects of two types of antidepressants (tricyclic, serotoninergic) on anorectal motility and visceral perception. METHODS A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study was performed in 12 healthy male volunteers who received a single oral dose of amitriptyline (80 mg), fluoxetine (40 mg) or placebo. Drug effects were assessed using phasic isobaric distensions of the rectum with an electronic barostat (11 levels from 1 to 51 mmHg) 4 h after drug intake. Maximal rectal volume and pressure, mean and residual pressures at upper anal canal, mean pressure at lower anal canal, defecation sensation (5-level scale) and visceral perception (visual analogue scale) were recorded at each level of distending pressure. RESULTS Ten subjects completed the study. Compared with placebo, neither amitriptyline nor fluoxetine modified rectal compliance or visceral perception. Compared with placebo, antidepressants significantly reduced mean and residual pressures at upper anal canal (-18%, P = 0.0019, and -27%, P = 0.0002, respectively, for amitriptyline; -26%, P = 0.0001, and -33%, P = 0.0001, respectively, for fluoxetine) whereas only amitriptyline significantly reduced mean pressure at lower anal canal (-16%, P = 0.0008). CONCLUSION Both antidepressants similarly relaxed the internal anal sphincter, probably through a non-specific mechanism, without modifying visceral perception. Only amitriptyline relaxed the external anal sphincter.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Siproudhis
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CHU de Rennes et Université de Rennes 1, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, France.
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29
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Ni W, Thompson JM, Northcott CA, Lookingland K, Watts SW. The serotonin transporter is present and functional in peripheral arterial smooth muscle. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 43:770-81. [PMID: 15167270 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200406000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is present and functional in peripheral arterial smooth muscle. In aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries, real time RT-PCR and western analyses indicated the presence of 5-HTT mRNA and a 74 kDa 5-HTT protein. Immunohistochemistry localized the transporter to smooth muscle and endothelial cells. 5-HT and the metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were detected in aorta, carotid, and superior mesenteric arteries using HPLC; the MAOA inhibitor pargyline significantly increased (over 400%) arterial 5-HT concentration. 5-HT was taken up by arteries in a time-dependent manner and uptake was independent of the endothelium, sympathetic nerves, and norepinephrine transporter. 5-HT-induced contraction of normal aorta was potentiated by the 5-HTT inhibitor fluvoxamine. A change in arterial 5-HTT function occurs in deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertension as the potency and threshold of 5-HT in contracting aorta from the DOCA-salt rat was increased by fluoxetine and fluvoxamine (1 micromol/L; DOCA fluvoxamine -log EC50 [mol/L] = 6.85 +/- 0.08, DOCA-control = 6.44 +/- 0.08); expression of transporter was significantly increased in aorta of DOCA salt rats (145% Sham). These studies show for the first time the presence of the 5-HTT in peripheral arterial smooth muscle and raise the question as to the function of the 5-HTT in regulating peripheral effects of 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1317, USA
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30
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Becker B, Morel N, Vanbellinghen AM, Lebrun P. Blockade of calcium entry in smooth muscle cells by the antidepressant imipramine. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:833-42. [PMID: 15294446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of antidepressants on smooth muscle contractile activity. In rat aortic rings, the antidepressants imipramine, mianserin and sertraline provoked concentration-dependent inhibitions of the mechanical responses evoked by K+ (30 mM) depolarization. These myorelaxant effects were not modified by the presence of glibenclamide or 80 mM K+ in the bathing medium. Moreover, the vasodilator properties of imipramine were not affected by atropine, phentolamine and pyrilamine. Radioisotopic experiments indicated that imipramine failed to enhance 86Rb outflow from prelabelled and perifused aortic rings whilst counteracting the increase in 45Ca outflow provoked by a rise in the extracellular K+ concentration. Simultaneous measurements of contractile activity and fura-2 fluorescence revealed that, in aortic rings, imipramine reduced the mechanical and fluorimetric response to K+ challenge. In A7r5 smooth muscle cells, whole cell recordings further demonstrated that imipramine inhibited the inward Ca2+ current. Under different experimental conditions, the ionic and relaxation responses to the antidepressants were reminiscent of those mediated by the Ca2+ entry blocker verapamil. Lastly, it should be pointed out that imipramine exhibited a myorelaxant effect of similar amplitude on rat aorta and on rat distal colon. All together, these findings suggest that the myorelaxant properties of imipramine, and probably also setraline and mianserin, could result from their capacity to inhibit the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Becker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Hormonology, Faculty of Medicine (CP 617), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Gupte SA, Arshad M, Viola S, Kaminski PM, Ungvari Z, Rabbani G, Koller A, Wolin MS. Pentose phosphate pathway coordinates multiple redox-controlled relaxing mechanisms in bovine coronary arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285:H2316-26. [PMID: 12933338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00229.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) inhibitors, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) and epiandrosterone (Epi), were employed to examine whether changes in NADP(H) redox regulates contractile force in endothelium-removed bovine coronary arteries (BCAs). 6-AN (0.01-5 mM) or Epi (1-500 microM) elicited dose-dependent relaxation in BCAs contracted with 30 mM KCl, 0.1 microM U-44619, and endothelin-1 but not with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, a protein kinase C activator that causes Ca2+-independent contraction. Relaxation to PPP inhibition was associated with oxidation of NADPH and glutathione (GSH). Relaxation to 6-AN was not mediated by H2O2, because it was not altered by hypoxia or the peroxide scavenger ebselen (100 microM). The thiol reductant DTT (3 mM) attenuated the relaxation to 6-AN and Epi by 30-40%. Inhibition of glycolysis or mitochondrial electron transport did not elicit relaxation in BCAs contracted with 30 mM KCl, suggesting these pathways may not be involved in relaxation elicited by PPP inhibition. High doses of K+ channel blockers [e.g., TEA (10 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (10 mM)] only partially inhibited the relaxation to 6-AN. On the basis of changes in the fura-2 fluorescence ratio, 6-AN and Epi appeared to markedly reduce intracellular Ca2+. Thus PPP inhibition oxidizes NADPH and GSH and appears to activate a novel coordination of redox-controlled relaxing mechanisms in BCAs mediated primarily through decreasing intracellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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32
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Pacher P, Ungvari Z. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants increase the risk of falls and hip fractures in elderly people by inhibiting cardiovascular ion channels. Med Hypotheses 2001; 57:469-71. [PMID: 11601871 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.2001.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surprising results from recently published retrospective studies show that the use of new selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs), similarly to the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), increases the risk of falls and hip fractures among elderly people.The mechanism whereby antidepressants increase this risk is complex and may include orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, sedation and confusion. The increased risk of falls and hip fractures with the use of TCAs is not surprising considering their well-known cardiovascular, anticholinergic and antihistaminergic side-effects. But the increased risk of falls with SSRIs is highly unexpected since these drugs are believed to be free from the disadvantages of TCAs. We hypothesized that the new SSRI antidepressants may also have cardiovascular effects similarly to the older TCA compounds, which may be an explanation for the increased rate of falls and hip fractures. The experimental and clinical evidence in support of this hypothesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pacher
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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UNGVARI ZOLTAN, KOLLER AKOS. Mediation of EDHF-Induced Reduction of Smooth Muscle [Ca2+]iand Arteriolar Dilation by K+Channels, 5,6-EET, and Gap Junctions. Microcirculation 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ungvari Z, Koller A. Selected contribution: NO released to flow reduces myogenic tone of skeletal muscle arterioles by decreasing smooth muscle Ca(2+) sensitivity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91:522-7; discussion 504-5. [PMID: 11408472 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the contribution of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i))-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms in arteriolar smooth muscle (aSM) to modulation of arteriolar myogenic tone by nitric oxide (NO), released in response to increases in intraluminal flow from the endothelium, changes in aSM [Ca(2+)](i) and diameter of isolated rat gracilis muscle arterioles (pretreated with indomethacin) were studied by fluorescent videomicroscopy. At an intraluminal pressure of 80 mmHg, [Ca(2+)](i) significantly increased and myogenic tone developed in response to elevations of extracellular Ca(2+) concentration. The Ca(2+) channel inhibitor nimodipine substantially decreased [Ca(2+)](i) and completely inhibited myogenic tone. Dilations to intraluminal flow (that were inhibited by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) or dilations to the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (that were inhibited by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) were not accompanied by substantial decreases in aSM [Ca(2+)](i). 8-Bromoguanosine cGMP and the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast significantly dilated arterioles yet elicited only minimal decreases in [Ca(2+)](i). Thus flow-induced endothelial release of NO elicits relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle by a cGMP-dependent decrease of the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the contractile apparatus without substantial changes in the pressure-induced level of [Ca(2+)](i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ungvari
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
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Pacher P, Ungvari Z, Kecskeméti V, Friedmann T, Furst S. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine and citalopram relax intestinal smooth muscle. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/y01-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs) exert depressant effects on cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting Ca2+ channels. We hypothesized that the SSRIs fluoxetine and citalopram affect the contractile activity of intestinal smooth muscle by interfering with Ca2+ entry and (or) signaling pathways. The effects of fluoxetine and citalopram on contractions of guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations (LMMP) were compared with the effects of the voltage-operated Ca2+ channel inhibitors nifedipine and diltiazem. In a concentration-dependent manner, nifedipine, diltiazem, fluoxetine, and citalopram elicited relaxation of LMMPs contracted by electrical field stimulation (EC50 values of 4 × 107 M, 1.4 × 106 M, 1.4 × 105, and 6.8 × 106 M, respectively). Nifedipine, diltiazem, fluoxetine, and citalopram also relaxed LMMPs contracted with a depolarizing concentration of KCl (48 mM; EC50 values of 1.8 × 108 M, 1.4 × 107 M, 3.7 × 106 M, and 6.3 × 106, respectively), a response that could be reversed by increasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration (2.530 mM). These data suggest that fluoxetine and citalopram elicit relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle, likely by inhibiting Ca2+ channel(s). This effect may be of clinical importance.Key words: fluoxetine (Prozac(r)), citalopram (Seropram(r)), nifedipine, diltiazem, L-type Ca2+ channels, intestinal smooth muscle.
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Abstract
Chronic elevation of plasma homocysteine concentration has been shown to be associated with impaired vascular function. The acute direct effect of homocysteine on the tone and vasoactive responses of arterioles and the possible underlying mechanisms, however, have not yet been elucidated. Thus arterioles were isolated from gracilis muscle of rats (d: approximately 130 microm) and their diameter was measured by videomicroscopy. Homocysteine (10(-6)-10(-4) M) elicited dose-dependent dilation of arterioles (maximum: 44+/-6% at 10(-4) M). The dilation was not affected by the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or by removal of the endothelium, or the free radical scavenger catalase and superoxide dismutase, or the K+ channel inhibitors glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine, or tetraethyl ammonium. Incubation of vessels with homocysteine (10(-4) M, 20 min) did not affect dilations to acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside, whereas it significantly decreased constrictions to norepinephrine (at 10(-6) M; control: 57+/-7%, homocysteine: 21+/-5%) and to the thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 (at 10(-8) M: control: 44+/-3%, homocysteine: 20+/-4%). Homocysteine (10(-4) M), similar to the voltage-operated Ca2+ channel inhibitor nitrendipine (10(-8) M), significantly decreased the arteriolar smooth muscle [Ca2+]i as assessed by changes in the fura-2 ratiometric signal (R(Ca), -6+/-1% and -24+/-3%, respectively). These data suggest that in isolated arterioles homocysteine decreases pressure-induced tone and responses to vasoconstrictor agents, likely by altering Ca2+ signaling of arteriolar smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ungvari
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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37
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Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release evoked by metabotropic agonists and backpropagating action potentials in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 2001. [PMID: 11069943 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-22-08365.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the properties of [Ca(2+)](i) changes that were evoked by backpropagating action potentials in pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices from the rat. In the presence of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists t-ACPD, DHPG, or CHPG, spikes caused Ca(2+) waves that initiated in the proximal apical dendrites and spread over this region and in the soma. Consistent with previously described synaptic responses (Nakamura et al., 1999a), pharmacological experiments established that the waves were attributable to Ca(2+) release from internal stores mediated by the synergistic effect of receptor-mobilized inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) and spike-evoked Ca(2+). The amplitude of the changes reached several micromoles per liter when detected with the low-affinity indicators fura-6F, fura-2-FF, or furaptra. Repetitive brief spike trains at 30-60 sec intervals generated increases of constant amplitude. However, trains at intervals of 10-20 sec evoked smaller increases, suggesting that the stores take 20-30 sec to refill. Release evoked by mGluR agonists was blocked by MCPG, AIDA, 4-CPG, MPEP, and LY367385, a profile consistent with the primacy of group I receptors. At threshold agonist concentrations the release was evoked only in the dendrites; threshold antagonist concentrations were effective only in the soma. Carbachol and 5-HT evoked release with the same spatial distribution as t-ACPD, suggesting that the distribution of neurotransmitter receptors was not responsible for the restricted range of regenerative release. Intracellular BAPTA and EGTA were approximately equally effective in blocking release. Extracellular Cd(2+) blocked release, but no single selective Ca(2+) channel blocker prevented release. These results suggest that IP(3) receptors are not associated closely with specific Ca(2+) channels and are not close to each other.
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Ungvari Z, Koller A. Endothelin and prostaglandin H(2)/thromboxane A(2) enhance myogenic constriction in hypertension by increasing Ca(2+) sensitivity of arteriolar smooth muscle. Hypertension 2000; 36:856-61. [PMID: 11082156 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.36.5.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The myogenic response of skeletal muscle arterioles is enhanced in hypertension because of the release of endothelin (ET) and prostaglandin H(2) (PGH(2))/thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) from the endothelium. We hypothesized that ET and PGH(2)/TxA(2) modulate Ca(2+) signaling in arteriolar smooth muscle and thereby enhance myogenic constriction. Thus, simultaneous changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in smooth muscle ([Ca(2+)](i)), measured by fura 2 microfluorometry (expressed as Ca(2+) fluorescence ratio [R(Ca)]), and diameter were obtained as a function of intraluminal pressure (P(i)) in isolated cannulated gracilis muscle arterioles (diameter approximately 120 micrometer) of normotensive Wistar rats (WR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), increases in P(i) from 20 to 160 mm Hg increased the passive diameter of arterioles without changes in R(Ca). In the presence of extracellular Ca(2+) and endothelium, increases in P(i) elicited similar increases in R(Ca) (30+/-7% for control and 33+/-8% for SHR at 160 mm Hg) but a significantly (P<0.05) greater constriction of SHR arterioles compared with WR arterioles (at 160 mm Hg, 55+/-4% versus 38+/-2%, respectively, of passive diameter). In the absence of the endothelium, P(i)-induced changes in the R(Ca) and diameter of SHR and WR arterioles did not differ significantly. Also, a step increase in P(i) (from 80 to 140 mm Hg) elicited a similar increase in R(Ca) but greater constrictions in SHR versus WR arterioles. In the presence of the TxA(2) receptor inhibitor SQ29,548 and the ET(A) receptor inhibitor BQ123, there was no difference between responses of SHR and WR arterioles. In WR arterioles, increasing concentrations of KCl elicited a significant increase in R(Ca) (38+/-7% at 80 mmol/L) and completely constricted the arterioles. In contrast, constrictions to ET (52+/-7% at 3x10(-12) mol/L) and the TxA(2) agonist U46619 (40+/-8% at 3x10(-9) mol/L) were not accompanied by increases in R(Ca) at submaximal concentrations. Collectively, these findings suggest that in hypertension, endothelium-derived ET and PGH(2)/TxA(2) increase the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the contractile apparatus of arteriolar smooth muscle; thus, the similar increases in [Ca(2+)](i) in response to the elevation of intraluminal pressure elicit greater myogenic constriction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Arterioles/physiology
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Constriction, Pathologic/chemically induced
- Constriction, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Cytophotometry
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelins/metabolism
- Endothelins/physiology
- Endothelium/metabolism
- Endothelium/physiology
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Microscopy, Video
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Prostaglandin H2
- Prostaglandins H/metabolism
- Prostaglandins H/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Wistar
- Thromboxane A2/metabolism
- Thromboxane A2/physiology
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ungvari
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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