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Owen MC, Kopecky BJ. Targeting Macrophages in Organ Transplantation: A Step Toward Personalized Medicine. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00690. [PMID: 38467591 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Organ transplantation remains the most optimal strategy for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, prevailing methods of immunosuppression are marred by adverse side effects, and allograft rejection remains common. It is imperative to identify and comprehensively characterize the cell types involved in allograft rejection, and develop therapies with greater specificity. There is increasing recognition that processes mediating allograft rejection are the result of interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells. Macrophages are heterogeneous innate immune cells with diverse functions that contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, and chronic rejection. Macrophages are inflammatory cells capable of innate allorecognition that strengthen their responses to secondary exposures over time via "trained immunity." However, macrophages also adopt immunoregulatory phenotypes and may promote allograft tolerance. In this review, we discuss the roles of macrophages in rejection and tolerance, and detail how macrophage plasticity and polarization influence transplantation outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of macrophages in transplant will guide future personalized approaches to therapies aimed at facilitating tolerance or mitigating the rejection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macee C Owen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI
| | - Benjamin J Kopecky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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2
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Sousa MS, Meneses GC, van Dam GJ, Corstjens PLAM, Galvão RLDF, Pinheiro MCC, Martins AMC, Daher EDF, Bezerra FSDM. Subclinical signs of podocyte injury associated with Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e0341. [PMID: 36820657 PMCID: PMC9957141 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0341-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term effects of schistosomiasis on the glomerulus may contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate baseline Schistosoma mansoni-Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) levels and their association with kidney biomarkers related to podocyte injury and inflammation in long-term follow-up after praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. METHODS Schistosoma infection was diagnosed by detecting CAA in urine using a quantitative assay based on lateral flow using luminescent up-converting phosphor reporter particles. A cutoff threshold of 0.1 pg/mL CAA was used to diagnose Schistosoma infection (baseline) in a low-prevalence area in Ceará, Northeast, Brazil. Two groups were included: CAA-positive and CAA-negative individuals, both of which received a single dose of PZQ at baseline. Urinary samples from 55 individuals were evaluated before (baseline) and at 1, 2, and 3 years after PZQ treatment. At all time points, kidney biomarkers were quantified in urine and adjusted for urinary creatinine levels. RESULTS CAA-positive patients had increased baseline albuminuria and proteinuria and showed greater associations between kidney biomarkers. CAA levels correlated only with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (podocyte injury) levels. Increasing trends were observed for malondialdehyde (oxidative stress), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (inflammation marker), and VEGF. In the follow-up analysis, no relevant differences were observed in kidney biomarkers between the groups and different periods. CONCLUSIONS S. mansoni-infected individuals presented subclinical signs of glomerular damage that may reflect podocyte injury. However, no causal effect on long-term renal function was observed after PZQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Govert Jan van Dam
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rosangela Lima de Freitas Galvão
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Marta Cristhiany Cunha Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Elizabeth de Francesco Daher
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
| | - Fernando Schemelzer de Moraes Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia e Biologia de Moluscos, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação stricto senso em Patologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
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3
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Lebraud E, Eloudzeri M, Rabant M, Lamarthée B, Anglicheau D. Microvascular Inflammation of the Renal Allograft: A Reappraisal of the Underlying Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864730. [PMID: 35392097 PMCID: PMC8980419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is associated with poor transplant outcomes and was identified as a leading cause of graft failure after kidney transplantation. Although the hallmark histological features of ABMR (ABMRh), i.e., microvascular inflammation (MVI), usually correlate with the presence of anti-human leukocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies (HLA-DSAs), it is increasingly recognized that kidney transplant recipients can develop ABMRh in the absence of HLA-DSAs. In fact, 40-60% of patients with overt MVI have no circulating HLA-DSAs, suggesting that other mechanisms could be involved. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of the different pathogenic processes underpinning MVI. These processes include both antibody-independent and antibody-dependent mechanisms of endothelial injury and ensuing MVI. Specific emphasis is placed on non-HLA antibodies, for which we discuss the ontogeny, putative targets, and mechanisms underlying endothelial toxicity in connection with their clinical impact. A better understanding of these emerging mechanisms of allograft injury and all the effector cells involved in these processes may provide important insights that pave the way for innovative diagnostic tools and highly tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lebraud
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Inserm U1151, Université de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Maëva Eloudzeri
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Inserm U1151, Université de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Department of Renal Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Lamarthée
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EFS BFC, Inserm UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Dijon, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Inserm U1151, Université de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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4
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Quante M, Iske J, Uehara H, Minami K, Nian Y, Maenosono R, Matsunaga T, Liu Y, Azuma H, Perkins D, Alegre ML, Zhou H, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. Taurodeoxycholic acid and valine reverse obesity-associated augmented alloimmune responses and prolong allograft survival. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:402-413. [PMID: 34551205 PMCID: PMC10614103 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity initiates a chronic inflammatory network linked to perioperative complications and increased acute rejection rates in organ transplantation. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment of obesity recommended for morbidly obese transplant recipients. Here, we delineated the effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on alloimmunity and transplant outcomes in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Allograft survival was significantly shorter in DIO-mice. When performing sleeve gastrectomies (SGx) prior to transplantation, we found attenuated T cell-derived alloimmune responses resulting in prolonged allograft survival. Administering taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and valine, metabolites depleted in DIO-mice and restored through SGx, prolonged graft survival in DIO-mice comparable with SGx an dampened Th1 and Th17 alloimmune responses while Treg frequencies and CD4+ T cell-derived IL-10 production were augmented. Moreover, in recipient animals treated with TDCA/valine, levels of donor-specific antibodies had been reduced. Mechanistically, TDCA/valine restrained inflammatory M1-macrophage polarization through TGR5 that compromised cAMP signaling and inhibited macrophage-derived T cell activation. Consistently, administering a TGR5 agonist to DIO-mice prolonged allograft survival. Overall, we provide novel insights into obesity-induced inflammation and its impact on alloimmunity. Furthermore, we introduce TDCA/valine as a noninvasive alternative treatment for obese transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Quante
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery
| | - Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Uehara
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Minami
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ryochi Maenosono
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Matsunaga
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - David Perkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hao Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Callemeyn J, Lamarthée B, Koenig A, Koshy P, Thaunat O, Naesens M. Allorecognition and the spectrum of kidney transplant rejection. Kidney Int 2021; 101:692-710. [PMID: 34915041 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Detection of mismatched human leukocyte antigens by adaptive immune cells is considered as the main cause of transplant rejection, leading to either T-cell mediated rejection or antibody-mediated rejection. This canonical view guided the successful development of immunosuppressive therapies and shaped the diagnostic Banff classification for kidney transplant rejection that is used in clinics worldwide. However, several observations have recently emerged that question this dichotomization between T-cell mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection, related to heterogeneity in the serology, histology, and prognosis of the rejection phenotypes. In parallel, novel insights were obtained concerning the dynamics of donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, the immunogenicity of donor-recipient non-human leukocyte antigen mismatches, and the autoreactivity against self-antigens. Moreover, the potential of innate allorecognition was uncovered, as exemplified by natural killer cell-mediated microvascular inflammation through missing self, and by the emerging evidence on monocyte-driven allorecognition. In this review, we highlight the gaps in the current classification of rejection, provide an overview of the expanding insights into the mechanisms of allorecognition, and critically appraise how these could improve our understanding and clinical approach to kidney transplant rejection. We argue that consideration of the complex interplay of various allorecognition mechanisms can foster a more integrated view of kidney transplant rejection and can lead to improved risk stratification, targeted therapies, and better outcome after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Callemeyn
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Lamarthée
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1151, Paris, France
| | - Alice Koenig
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France; Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
| | - Priyanka Koshy
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France; Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Mezzolla V, Pontrelli P, Fiorentino M, Stasi A, Pesce F, Franzin R, Rascio F, Grandaliano G, Stallone G, Infante B, Gesualdo L, Castellano G. Emerging biomarkers of delayed graft function in kidney transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2021; 35:100629. [PMID: 34118742 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Delayed Graft Function (DGF) is one of the most common early complications in kidney transplantation, associated with poor graft outcomes, prolonged post-operative hospitalization and higher rejection rates. Given the severe shortage of high-quality organs for transplantation, DGF incidence is expected to raise in the next years because of the use of nonstandard kidneys from Extended Criteria Donors (ECD) and from Donors after Circulatory Death (DCD). Alongside conventional methods for the evaluation of renal allograft [e.g. serum creatinine Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), needle biopsy], recent advancements in omics technologies, including proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics, may allow to discover novel biomarkers associated with DGF occurrence, in order to identify early preclinical signs of renal dysfunction and to improve the quality of graft management. Here, we gather contributions from basic scientists and clinical researchers to describe new omics studies in renal transplantation, reporting the emerging biomarkers of DGF that may implement and improve conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mezzolla
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Federica Rascio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Barbara Infante
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
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7
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de Oliveira Vilar Neto J, da Silva CA, Meneses GC, Pinto DV, Brito LC, da Cruz Fonseca SG, de Sousa Alves R, Martins AMC, de Oliveira Assumpção C, De Francesco Daher E. Novel renal biomarkers show that creatine supplementation is safe: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:263-270. [PMID: 32670557 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of creatine supplementation (CS) on renal function in young, healthy, and active subjects. We used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial as the study design. Thirty-six healthy male university students were recruited and divided into three groups: group placebo, group G3 (3 g/day of CS), and group G5 (5 g/day of CS). To assess renal function, new kidney biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), were quantified. Serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, and albuminuria were also measured. All groups were evaluated at two times: prior CS or placebo (pre) and after 35 days on CS or placebo (post). After 35 days of intervention, all characteristics were maintained without significant difference (P > 0.05) between the groups, including serum creatinine, eGFR, and more sensitive kidney biomarker concentrations (KIM-1 and MCP-1). The paired analysis showed that the supplemented groups (G3 and 5G) had increased serum creatinine and decreased eGFR levels (P < 0.05). However, the values were still within the normal reference range. In conclusion, the results of renal function evaluation did not show any difference between the evaluated groups. Increased serum creatinine and decreased eGFR levels in CS groups can be explained by increased creatine stores and metabolism, since creatinine is a by-product of creatine metabolism. These findings indicate that the use of CS at doses of 3 g and 5 g/day for a short period (35 days) is safe and did not impair the kidneys or renal function in young healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Oliveira Vilar Neto
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna street, 949-Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil.,Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto da Silva
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil
| | - Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna street, 949-Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vieira Pinto
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna street, 949-Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciana Catunda Brito
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil
| | - Said Goncalves da Cruz Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata de Sousa Alves
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Pastor Samuel Munguba street, 1210 Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-372, CE, Brazil
| | - Cláudio de Oliveira Assumpção
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Federal University of Ceará, Mister Hull Avenue, Sports Park, Block 320, Pici Ccampus, Fortaleza 60455-760, CE, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna street, 949-Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil
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8
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Egelkamp J, Chichelnitskiy E, Kühne JF, Wandrer F, Daemen K, Keil J, Bräsen JH, Schmitz J, Bellmàs-Sanz R, Iordanidis S, Katsirntaki K, Hake K, Akhdar A, Neudörfl C, Haller H, Blume C, Falk CS. Back signaling of HLA class I molecules and T/NK cell receptor ligands in epithelial cells reflects the rejection-specific microenvironment in renal allograft biopsies. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2692-2704. [PMID: 31062482 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of endothelial cells in the pathophysiology of antibody-mediated rejection after renal transplantation has been widely investigated. We expand this scenario to the impact of epithelial cells on the microenvironment during rejection. Primary proximal tubular epithelial cells were stimulated via HLA class I, CD155 and CD166 based on their potential signal-transducing capacity to mediate back signaling after encounter with either T/NK cells or donor-specific antibodies. Upon crosslinking of these ligands with mAbs, PTEC secreted IL-6, CXCL1,8,10, CCL2, and sICAM-1. These proteins were also released by PTEC as consequence of a direct interaction with T/NK cells. Downmodulation of the receptor CD226 on effector cells confirmed the involvement of this receptor/ligand pair in back signaling. In vivo, CD155 and CD166 expression was detectable in proximal and distal tubuli of renal transplant biopsies, respectively. The composition of the protein microenvironment in these biopsies showed a substantial overlap with the PTEC response. Cluster and principal component analyses of the microenvironment separated unsuspicious from rejection biopsies and, furthermore, ABMR, TCMR, and borderline rejection. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that epithelial cells may contribute to the rejection process and pave the way to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of kidney allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Egelkamp
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jenny F Kühne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Wandrer
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Daemen
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Keil
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Nephropathology Unit, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ramon Bellmàs-Sanz
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Iordanidis
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Kevin Hake
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ali Akhdar
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Neudörfl
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,DZIF, German Center for Infection Research, TTU-IICH, Hannover/Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Girolami I, Parwani A, Barresi V, Marletta S, Ammendola S, Stefanizzi L, Novelli L, Capitanio A, Brunelli M, Pantanowitz L, Eccher A. The Landscape of Digital Pathology in Transplantation: From the Beginning to the Virtual E-Slide. J Pathol Inform 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 31367473 PMCID: PMC6639852 DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_27_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Digital pathology has progressed over the last two decades, with many clinical and nonclinical applications. Transplantation pathology is a highly specialized field in which the majority of practicing pathologists do not have sufficient expertise to handle critical needs. In this context, digital pathology has proven to be useful as it allows for timely access to expert second-opinion teleconsultation. The aim of this study was to review the experience of the application of digital pathology to the field of transplantation. Methods Papers on this topic were retrieved using PubMed as a search engine. Inclusion criteria were the presence of transplantation setting and the use of any type of digital image with or without the use of image analysis tools; the search was restricted to English language papers published in the 25 years until December 31, 2018. Results Literature regarding digital transplant pathology is mostly about the digital interpretation of posttransplant biopsies (75 vs. 19), with 15/75 (20%) articles focusing on agreement/reproducibility. Several papers concentrated on the correlation between biopsy features assessed by digital image analysis (DIA) and clinical outcome (45/75, 60%). Whole-slide imaging (WSI) only appeared in recent publications, starting from 2011 (13/75, 17.3%). Papers dealing with preimplantation biopsy are less numerous, the majority (13/19, 68.4%) of which focus on diagnostic agreement between digital microscopy and light microscopy (LM), with WSI technology being used in only a small quota of papers (4/19, 21.1%). Conclusions Overall, published studies show good concordance between digital microscopy and LM modalities for diagnosis. DIA has the potential to increase diagnostic reproducibility and facilitate the identification and quantification of histological parameters. Thus, with advancing technology such as faster scanning times, better image resolution, and novel image algorithms, it is likely that WSI will eventually replace LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Girolami
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lavinia Stefanizzi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Novelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Histopathology and Molecular Diagnosis, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Arrigo Capitanio
- Department of Clinical Pathology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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10
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The Evolving Roles of Macrophages in Organ Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5763430. [PMID: 31179346 PMCID: PMC6507224 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5763430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is a life-saving strategy for patients with end-stage organ failure. Over the past few decades, organ transplantation has achieved an excellent success in short-term survival but only a marginal improvement in long-term graft outcomes. The pathophysiology of graft loss is multifactorial and remains incompletely defined. However, emerging evidence suggests macrophages as crucial mediators of acute and chronic allograft immunopathology. In this process, macrophage-mediated mobilization of first-line defenses, particularly phagocytosis and the release of acute inflammatory mediators, is important, but macrophages also launch adaptive alloimmune reactions against grafts through antigen processing and presentation, as well as providing costimulation. Additionally, crosstalk with other immune cells and graft endothelial cells causes tissue damage or fibrosis in transplanted organs, contributing to graft loss or tolerance resistance. However, some macrophages function as regulatory cells that are capable of suppressing allogeneic T cells, inhibiting DC maturation, inducing the differentiation of Tregs, and subsequently promoting transplant tolerance. This functional diversity of macrophages in organ transplantation is consistent with their heterogeneity. Although our knowledge of the detrimental or beneficial effects of macrophages on transplants has exponentially increased, the exact mechanisms controlling macrophage functions are not yet completely understood. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the multifaceted nature of macrophages, focusing on their evolving roles in organ transplantation and the mechanisms involved in their activation and function in allograft transplantation. We also discuss potential therapeutic options and opportunities to target macrophage to improve the outcomes of transplant recipients.
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11
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Caballero A, Palma E, Ruiz-Esteban P, Vazquez T, Sola E, Torio A, Cabello M, Lopez V, Jironda C, Duarte A, Alonso-Titos J, Hernández D. CXCR3 + Monocytes Increase Significantly in Graft Blood Compared to Peripheral Blood in Patients With Stable Kidney Graft Function. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:555-559. [PMID: 29579851 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have recently reported that some lymphocyte populations do not maintain the same proportion in kidney graft blood as in peripheral blood, despite a stable function of the transplanted kidney. These results suggest that a comparative study between leukocyte cells from graft blood and those obtained from peripheral blood could provide information about the inflammatory state of the transplanted organ. In this work we selected the population of CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes expressing CXCR3 to test this hypothesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed by flow cytometry during month 3, 6, and 12 after transplantation in 58 patients who received an isolated kidney transplant and the same immunosuppressive regimen. The peripheral blood sample was obtained by venipuncture and the graft blood by fine needle aspiration. RESULTS We found a significant percentage decrease in CXCR3+ monocytes throughout the first year of transplantation in peripheral blood (15.9 ± 20.7 vs. 12.6 ± 12.4 vs. 6.3 ± 9.0, at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively; P = .001), whereas the percentage of CXCR3+ monocytes in graft blood did not change over this period. This situation resulted in a significant percentage difference between the CXCR3+ monocytes from the graft blood and those from the peripheral blood at the sixth (15.8 ± 8.1 vs. 12.6 ± 12.4, respectively; P = .008) and 12th months (12.9 ± 8.1 vs. 6.3 ± 9.0, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we can conclude that the significant percentage increase of CXCR3+ monocytes in graft blood with respect to peripheral blood suggests the presence of inflammatory activity despite renal function being stable during the second half of the first year post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caballero
- Immunology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - E Palma
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Esteban
- Immunology Department, Complejo Hospitalario General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - T Vazquez
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - E Sola
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - A Torio
- Immunology Department, Complejo Hospitalario General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Cabello
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - V Lopez
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - C Jironda
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - A Duarte
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - J Alonso-Titos
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain
| | - D Hernández
- Nephrology Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga and University of Malaga, IBIMA, REDINREN (RD16/0009/0006), Malaga, Spain.
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12
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Berg T, Wu T, Levay-Young B, Heuss N, Pan Y, Kirchhof N, Sutherland DER, Hering BJ, Guo Z. Comparison of Tolerated and Rejected Islet Grafts: A Gene Expression Study. Cell Transplant 2017; 13:619-630. [DOI: 10.3727/000000004783983530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that donor-specific tolerance to MHC-matched islet allografts in diabetic NOD mice could be induced by simultaneous islet and bone marrow transplantation. Mononuclear cell infiltration surrounding the islets was also found in tolerated grafts. In this study, we compared gene expression in the tolerated and rejected islet grafts by using Affymetrix Murine U74A oligonucleotide arrays. To confirm the results of microarray analysis, we performed real-time PCR and RNase protection assay on selected genes. Of over 12,000 genes studied, 57 genes were expressed at consistently higher levels in tolerated islet grafts, and 524 genes in rejected islet grafts. Genes from a variety of functional clusters were found to be different between rejected and tolerated grafts. In the rejected islet grafts, a number of T-cell surface markers and of cytotoxicity-related genes were highly expressed. Also in the rejected grafts, a number of cytokines and chemokines and their receptors were highly expressed. The differential expression of selected genes found by microarray analysis was also confirmed by real-time PCR and RNase protection assay. Our results indicated that gene microarray analysis can help us to detect gene expression differences representative of the biologic mechanisms of tolerance and rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Berg
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tao Wu
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, First Hospital of Beijing University, China
| | | | - Neal Heuss
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nicole Kirchhof
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David E. R. Sutherland
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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13
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Guillén-Gómez E, Dasilva I, Silva I, Arce Y, Facundo C, Ars E, Breda A, Ortiz A, Guirado L, Ballarín JA, Díaz-Encarnación MM. Early Macrophage Infiltration and Sustained Inflammation in Kidneys From Deceased Donors Are Associated With Long-Term Renal Function. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:733-743. [PMID: 27496082 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplants from living donors (LDs) have a better outcome than those from deceased donors (DDs). Different factors have been suggested to justify the different outcome. In this study, we analyzed the infiltration and phenotype of monocytes/macrophages and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers in renal biopsy specimens from 94 kidney recipients (60 DDs and 34 LDs) at baseline and 4 months after transplantation. We evaluated their association with medium- and long-term renal function. At baseline, inflammatory gene expression was higher in DDs than in LDs. These results were confirmed by the high number of CD68-positive cells in DD kidneys, which correlated negatively with long-term renal function. Expression of the fibrotic markers vimentin, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin was more elevated in biopsy specimens from DDs at 4 months than in those from LDs. Gene expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers at 4 months and difference between 4 months and baseline correlated negatively with medium- and long-term renal function in DDs. Multivariate analysis point to transforming growth factor-β1 as the best predictor of long-term renal function in DDs. We conclude that early macrophage infiltration, sustained inflammation, and transforming growth factor-β1 expression, at least for the first 4 months, contribute significantly to the difference in DD and LD transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guillén-Gómez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.,UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Dasilva
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Silva
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Renal Transplant Unit, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Arce
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Facundo
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Renal Transplant Unit, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ars
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.,UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Breda
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Urology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz/UAM, REDinREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Guirado
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Renal Transplant Unit, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Ballarín
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Díaz-Encarnación
- UAB, REDinREN, Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Institut Investigació Biosanitaria Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Nephrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Liu Y, Kubiak JZ, Li XC, Ghobrial RM, Kloc M. Macrophages and RhoA Pathway in Transplanted Organs. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 62:365-376. [PMID: 28455717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RhoA is a small GTPase that, via its downstream effectors, regulates a variety of cell functions such as cytokinesis, cell migration, vesicular trafficking, and phagocytosis. As such the RhoA pathway is also pivotal for proper functioning of immune cells including macrophages. By controlling actin cytoskeleton organization, RhoA pathway modulates macrophage's polarity and basic functions: phagocytosis, migration, and extracellular matrix degradation. Numerous studies indicate that macrophages are very important effectors contributing to acute and chronic rejection of transplanted organs. In this review we discuss the role of RhoA pathway in governance of macrophage's functions in terms of transplanted organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianzhu Liu
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- CNRS UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Cell Cycle Group, IFR 140 GFAS, Rennes, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes, France
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Xian C Li
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Raza A, Firasat S, Khaliq S, Khan AR, Mahmood S, Aziz T, Mubarak M, Naqvi SAA, Rizvi SAH, Abid A. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) Levels and Its Association with Renal Allograft Rejection. Immunol Invest 2016; 46:251-262. [PMID: 27960564 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1248559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Firasat
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Khaliq
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rafay Khan
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Mahmood
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Aziz
- Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubarak
- Department of Histopathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Anwar Naqvi
- Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aiysha Abid
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
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16
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Liu Y, Kloc M, Li XC. Macrophages as Effectors of Acute and Chronic Allograft Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2016; 3:303-312. [PMID: 28546901 PMCID: PMC5440082 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-016-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplants give a second chance of life to patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the immuno-logical barriers prove to be very challenging to overcome and graft rejection remains a major hurdle to long-term transplant survival. For decades, adaptive immunity has been the focus of studies, primarily based on the belief that T cells are necessary and sufficient for rejection. With better-developed immunosuppressive drugs and protocols that effectively control adaptive cells, innate immune cells have emerged as key effector cells in triggering graft injury and have therefore attracted much recent attention. In this review, we discuss current understanding of macrophages and their role in transplant rejection, their dynamics, distinct phenotypes, locations, and functions. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches under development to target macrophages in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianzhu Liu
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas Medical Center, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, initial studies have been carried out in patients using monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) inhibitors. This review summarizes the known function of MCP-1 in regulating monocytes during inflammation and its role in inflammatory disease of the kidney. RECENT FINDINGS MCP-1 is one of the first chemokines described and plays an important role in renal inflammatory disease. The function of MCP-1 has been investigated and analyzed in both animal models of renal disease and renal patients. MCP-1 mediates firstly the release of monocytes from the bone marrow, and then generates a gradient in the endothelial glycocalyx to direct monocytes to sites of inflammation, thereby alleviating the migration of blood leukocytes into the inflamed tissue. In addition, MCP-1 has direct signaling effects in monocytes and influences migration, proliferation, and differentiation of leukocytes. Blockade of MCP-1 in several models of renal disease has ameliorated the disease, suggesting that inhibition of MCP-1 is a promising and valid strategy to treat patients with renal inflammatory disease. SUMMARY Understanding the role of MCP-1 in monocyte homeostasis and the implications of MCP-1 inhibition in renal disease will help in designing better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in patients with inflammatory renal disease.
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Yan Q, Jiang H, Wang B, Sui W, Zhou H, Zou G. Expression and Significance of RANTES and MCP-1 in Renal Tissue With Chronic Renal Allograft Dysfunction. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:2034-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Béland S, Désy O, Vallin P, Basoni C, De Serres SA. Innate immunity in solid organ transplantation: an update and therapeutic opportunities. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:377-89. [PMID: 25644774 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1008453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is increasingly recognized as a major player in transplantation. In addition to its role in inflammation in the early post-transplant period, innate immunity shapes the differentiation of cells of adaptive immunity, with a capacity to promote either rejection or tolerance. Emerging data indicate that innate allorecognition, a characteristic previously limited to lymphocytes, is involved in allograft rejection. This review briefly summarizes the physiology of each component of the innate immune system in the context of transplantation and presents the current or promising therapeutic applications, such as cellular, anticomplement and anticytokine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Béland
- Transplantation Unit, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec, QC, Canada
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20
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Wang X, Xiong M, Zeng Y, Sun X, Gong T, Zhang Z. Mechanistic studies of a novel mycophenolic acid-glucosamine conjugate that attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3503-14. [PMID: 25153320 DOI: 10.1021/mp500282g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes high mortality and morbidity during renal procedures, yet current drugs should be used at high doses or for long periods due to lack of tissue specificity. In previous work we described a novel mycophenolic acid-glucosamine conjugate (MGC) that targets the proximal tubule epithelium, where it efficiently reduces renal I/R injury in rats and promotes recovery from reperfusion. Here we perform mechanistic studies of MGC in rats that suggest that the conjugate works by repressing the activation of renal inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), thereby inhibiting the proliferation and accumulation of lympholeukocytes in the proximal tubules. In addition, MGC appears to inhibit inflammation through various pathways, including inhibition of free oxygen radical production, upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein-7, and downregulation of complement protein 3, TLR 4, intracellular adhesion molecules in the endothelium, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, TGF-β), and chemotactic cytokines [e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-8]. These findings suggest that MGC specifically targets the proximal tubules and acts through numerous mechanisms to substantially mitigate I/R injury in rats; this conjugate may provide a more effective alternative to current combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Southern Renmin Road, No. 17, Section 3, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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21
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Abe T, Su CA, Iida S, Baldwin WM, Nonomura N, Takahara S, Fairchild RL. Graft-derived CCL2 increases graft injury during antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac allografts. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1753-64. [PMID: 25040187 PMCID: PMC4464804 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic role of macrophages in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains unclear. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemotactic factor for monocytes and macrophages. The current studies used a murine model of AMR to investigate the role of graft-derived CCL2 in AMR and how macrophages may participate in antibody-mediated allograft injury. B6.CCR5−/−/CD8−/− recipients rejected MHC-mismatched WT A/J allografts with high donor-reactive antibody titers and diffuse C4d deposition in the large vessels and myocardial capillaries, features consistent with AMR. In contrast, A/J.CCL2−/− allografts induced low donor-reactive antibody titers and C4d deposition at Day 7 posttransplant. Decreased donor-reactive CD4 T cells producing interferon gamma were induced in response to A/J.CCL2−/− versus WT allografts. Consequently, A/J.CCL2−/− allograft survival was modestly but significantly longer than A/J allografts. Macrophages purified from WT allografts expressed high levels of IL-1β and IL-12p40 and this expression and the numbers of classically activated macrophages were markedly reduced in CCL2-deficient allografts on Day 7. The results indicate that allograft-derived CCL2 plays an important role in directing classically activated macrophages into allografts during AMR and that macrophages are important contributors to the inflammatory environment mediating graft tissue injury in this pathology, suggesting CCL2 as a therapeutic target for AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyofumi Abe
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Charles A. Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shoichi Iida
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Kwan T, Wu H, Chadban SJ. Macrophages in renal transplantation: Roles and therapeutic implications. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:58-64. [PMID: 24973994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of macrophages within transplanted renal allografts has been appreciated for some time, whereby macrophages were viewed primarily as participants in the process of cell-mediated allograft rejection. Recent insights into macrophage biology have greatly expanded our conceptual understanding of the multiple roles of macrophages within the allograft. Distinct macrophage subsets are present within the kidney and these sub-serve discrete functions in promoting and attenuating inflammation, immune modulation and tissue repair. Unraveling the complex roles macrophages play in transplantation will allow identification of potential therapeutic targets to prevent and treat allograft rejection and maximize graft longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kwan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huiling Wu
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven J Chadban
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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23
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Jiang X, Tian W, Sung YK, Qian J, Nicolls MR. Macrophages in solid organ transplantation. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:5. [PMID: 24612731 PMCID: PMC3975229 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic hematopoietic cells with diversified functions related to their anatomic location and differentiation states. A number of recent studies have examined the role of macrophages in solid organ transplantation. These studies show that macrophages can induce allograft injury but, conversely, can also promote tissue repair in ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute rejection. Therapeutic strategies that target macrophages to improve outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients are being examined in preclinical and clinical models. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophages in different types of injury and rejection, with a focus on macrophage-mediated tissue injury, specifically vascular injury, repair and remodeling. We also discuss emerging macrophage-centered therapeutic opportunities in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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24
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Shah RJ, Diamond JM, Lederer DJ, Arcasoy SM, Cantu EM, Demissie EJ, Kawut SM, Kohl B, Lee JC, Sonett J, Christie JD, Ware LB. Plasma monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels at 24 hours are a biomarker of primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. Transl Res 2012; 160:435-42. [PMID: 22989614 PMCID: PMC3500407 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as "chemokine ligand 2" (CCL2), is a monocyte-attracting chemokine produced in lung epithelial cells. We previously reported an association of increased levels of plasma MCP-1 with primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation in a nested case-control study of extreme phenotypes using a multiplex platform. In this study, we sought to evaluate the role of plasma MCP-1 level as a biomarker across the full spectrum of PGD. We performed a prospective cohort study of 108 lung transplant recipients within the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group cohort. Plasma MCP-1 levels were measured pretransplantation and 6 and 24 hours after transplantation. The primary outcome was development of grade 3 PGD within 72 hours of transplant, with secondary analyses at the 72-hour time point. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate confounding. Thirty subjects (28%) developed PGD. Median MCP-1 measured at 24 hours post-transplant was elevated in subjects with PGD (167.95 vs 103.5 pg/mL, P = .04). MCP-1 levels at 24 hours were associated with increased odds of grade 3 PGD after lung transplantation (odds ratio for each 100 pg/mL, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.53) and with grade 3 PGD present at the 72-hour time point (odds ratio for each 100 pg/mL, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-2.08), independent of confounding variables in multivariable analyses. MCP-1 levels measured preoperatively and 6 hours after transplant were not significantly associated with PGD. Persistent elevations in MCP-1 levels at 24 hours are a biomarker of grade 3 PGD post-transplantation. Monocyte chemotaxis may play a role in the pathogenesis of PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal J Shah
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Bergler T, Hoffmann U, Bergler E, Jung B, Banas MC, Reinhold SW, Krämer BK, Banas B. Toll-like receptor 4 in experimental kidney transplantation: early mediator of endogenous danger signals. Nephron Clin Pract 2012; 121:e59-70. [PMID: 23171961 DOI: 10.1159/000343566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been described in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, but data on the expression and function of TLR4 during renal allograft damage are still scarce. We analyzed the expression of TLR4 in an experimental rat model 6 and 28 days after allogeneic kidney transplantation in comparison to control rats and rats after syngeneic transplantation. On day 6, a significant induction in TLR4 expression--restricted to the glomerular compartment--was found in acute rejecting allografts only. TLR4 expression strongly correlated with renal function, and TLR4 induction was accompanied by a significant increase in CC chemokine expression within the graft as well as in urinary CC chemokine excretion. TLR4 induction may be caused by an influx of macrophages as well as TLR4-expressing intrinsic renal cells. Fibrinogen deposition in renal allografts correlated with renal TLR4 expression and may act as a potent stimulator of chemokine release via TLR4 activation. This study provides, for the first time, data about the precise intrarenal localization and TLR4 induction after experimental kidney transplantation. It supports the hypothesis that local TLR4 activation by endogenous ligands may be one pathological link from unspecific primary allograft damage to subsequent chemokine release, infiltration and activation of immune cells leading to deterioration of renal function and induction of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bergler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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26
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Abstract
Large numbers of macrophage lineage cells are present in transplants undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection, and their presence correlates with a high probability of rejection. However, the extent to which monocytes and macrophages contribute to kidney graft rejection is poorly understood. The heterogeneity of the monocyte/macrophage lineage cells could be one of the reasons why these cells have been neglected up to now. Circulating monocytes can be divided into various subsets, which are able to give rise to tissue macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophages are believed to be highly plastic cells that can respond to environmental signals by changing their phenotype and function. Macrophages have established roles in early and late kidney graft inflammation, tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. In kidney transplantation, macrophages are believed to play a role in both damage and repair of the graft, depending on the type of macrophages involved, the environmental drive, and the time after transplantation. The heterogeneity and plasticity of monocytes and macrophages are obstacles to translating the functional relevance of this cell lineage to diagnostic and prognostic clinical parameters and to defining specific, macrophage-related, therapeutic targets. Recent evidence has indicated an immunomodulatory role for the so-called regulatory macrophages in induction of tolerance in kidney transplant recipients. In this article, we summarize current views on monocyte/macrophage immunobiology in kidney transplantation. Key issues for ongoing research are discussed.
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Abstract
Renal allograft rejection or dysfunction often results in graft failure, and remains the major obstacle in the success of renal transplantation. Various immunological and nonimmunological factors are involved in allograft rejection. In addition to human leukocyte antigen loci, several genetically controlled molecules have been identified in recent years as playing important roles in the process of rejection. Genetic variants in genes encoding different T-helper (Th) type 1 and Th2 cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, growth factors, molecules of the renin-angiotensin system, enzymes of the homocysteine pathway, and proteins acting as substrates of immunosuppressive drugs impact on the success of engraftment and highlight the concept of genetic predisposition to allograft rejection. This review evaluates specific genetic variants and their functional roles in graft failure, with an emphasis on the latest methodologies available for genotyping, and appropriate strategies to enable them to become a tool of predictive and individualized medicine to ensure better transplant outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, (UP), India
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28
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Gade S, Mahmood S. 3D-QSAR studies on CCR2B receptor antagonists: Insight into the structural requirements of (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine series of molecules based on CoMFA/CoMSIA models. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:123-33. [PMID: 22557923 PMCID: PMC3341716 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the CC-chemokine family and it selectively recruits leukocytes from the circulation to the site of inflammation through binding with the chemotactic cytokine receptor 2B (CCR2B). The recruitment and activation of selected populations of leukocytes is a key feature in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Thus MCP-1 receptor antagonist represents an attractive target for drug discovery. To understand the structural requirements that will lead to enhanced inhibitory potencies, we have carried out 3D-QSAR (quantitative structure–activity relationship) studies on (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine series of molecules as CCR2B receptor antagonists. Materials and Methods: Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were performed on a series of (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine derivatives as antagonists of CCR2B receptor with Sybyl 6.7v. Results: We have derived statistically significant model from 37 molecules and validated it against an external test set of 13 compounds. The CoMFA model yielded a leave one out r2 (r2loo) of 0.847, non-cross-validated r2 (r2ncv) of 0.977, F value of 267.930, and bootstrapped r2 (r2bs) of 0.988. We have derived the standard error of prediction value of 0.367, standard error of estimate 0.141, and a reliable external predictivity, with a predictive r2 (r2pred) of 0.673. While the CoMSIA model yielded an r2loo of 0.719, r2ncv of 0.964,F value of 135.666, r2bs of 0.975, standard error of prediction of 0.512, standard error of estimate of 0.180, and an external predictivity with an r2pred of 0.611. These validation tests not only revealed the robustness of the models but also demonstrated that for our models r2pred, based on the mean activity of test set compounds can accurately estimate external predictivity. Conclusion: The QSAR model gave satisfactory statistical results in terms of q2 and r2 values. We analyzed the contour maps obtained, to study the activity trends of the molecules. We have tried to demonstrate structural features of compounds to account for the activity in terms of positively contributing physicochemical properties such as steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor, and acceptor fields. These contour plots identified several key features, which explain the wide range of activities. The results obtained from models offer important structural insight into designing novel CCR2B antagonists before their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Gade
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics Division, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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29
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Pereira AB, Teixeira AL, Rezende NA, Pereira RM, Miranda DM, Oliveira EA, Teixeira MM, Simões E Silva AC. Urinary chemokines and anti-inflammatory molecules in renal transplanted patients as potential biomarkers of graft function: a prospective study. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 44:1539-48. [PMID: 22544449 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical- and histopathology-based scores are the limited predictors of allograft outcome. Thus, predictors of allograft survival still remain a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the urinary levels of chemokines and anti-inflammatory molecules at 30, 90, and 300 days after renal transplantation and to further correlate these measurements to graft function. METHODS Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary levels of MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, RANTES/CCL5, IL-8/CXCL8, IP-10/CXCL10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, and receptor-2 were determined at 30, 90, and 300 days after renal transplantation in 22 patients. Transplanted patients were also divided according to the type of donor (living donor, LD, n = 13 or deceased donor, DD, n = 9). RESULTS Urinary levels of all molecules, except MIP-1α/CCL3, remained unchanged at 30, 90, and 300 days after transplantation in our 22 patients. MIP-1α/CCL3 levels significantly reduced from 30 to 300 days and showed a negative correlation with GFR at 30 days. The comparison between LD and DD groups showed similar levels of all markers, except for MCP-1/CCL2, which presented higher values in LD than in DD at 30 days. sTNFR1 and MCP-1/CCL2 significantly reduced from 30 to 300 days in LD group, but only sTNFR2 concentrations at 30 days were negatively correlated with GFR at 300 days. On the other hand, in DD group, IL-1Ra concentrations at 30 and at 90 days were positively correlated with GFR at 300 days. CONCLUSION Urinary chemokine and anti-inflammatory molecules measurements may be a promising tool in the follow-up of renal transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Barreto Pereira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Kim MJ, Tam FWK. Urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in renal disease. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:2022-30. [PMID: 21851811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) has a critical role in the development of various renal diseases. Data from disease specific experimental animal models and clinical studies confirm that MCP-1 plays an important part in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. The action of MCP-1 in these studies has been shown to be more complex than the traditional concept of monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the inflammatory site. MCP-1 is expressed in renal tissues and it is detectable in urine of patients with a variety of renal diseases. Measurement of urinary levels of MCP-1 can provide valuable information not only for the diagnosis of active renal disease, but also for monitoring of response to therapy. Urinary MCP-1 measurement can provide help with evaluation of the prognosis in various renal diseases. Furthermore, selective targeting of MCP-1 could be an effective treatment in suppressing a number of renal diseases as blocking MCP-1 has already been shown to ameliorate renal diseases in experimental animal models. The advantage of measuring urinary MCP-1 rather than the conventional markers must now be validated using a larger cohort of patients in different renal diseases. Also the therapeutic potential of MCP-1 targeting agents needs to be investigated in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Imperial College Kidney and Transplant Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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32
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Abstract
Macrophages are present within the transplanted kidney in varying numbers throughout its lifespan. Because of their prominence during acute rejection episodes, macrophages traditionally have been viewed as contributors to T-cell-directed graft injury. With growing appreciation of macrophage biology, it has become evident that different types of macrophages exist within the kidney, subserving a range of functions that include promotion or attenuation of inflammation, participation in innate and adaptive immune responses, and mediation of tissue injury and fibrosis, as well as tissue repair. A deeper understanding of how macrophages accumulate within the kidney and of what factors control their differentiation and function may identify novel therapeutic targets in transplantation.
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Yadav A, Saini V, Arora S. MCP-1: chemoattractant with a role beyond immunity: a review. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:1570-9. [PMID: 20633546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP)-1, a potent monocyte attractant, is a member of the CC chemokine subfamily. MCP-1 exerts its effects through binding to G-protein-coupled receptors on the surface of leukocytes targeted for activation and migration. Role of MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 in monocyte recruitment during infection or under other inflammatory conditions is well known. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was conducted from the websites of the National Library of Medicine (http://www.ncbl.nlm.nih.gov) and Pubmed Central, the US National Library of Medicine's digital archive of life sciences literature (http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/). The data was assessed from books and journals that published relevant articles in this field. RESULT Recent and ongoing research indicates the role of MCP-1 in various allergic conditions, immunodeficiency diseases, bone remodelling, and permeability of blood - brain barrier, atherosclerosis, nephropathies and tumors. CONCLUSION MCP-1 plays an important role in pathogenesis of various disease states and hence MCP-1 inhibition may have beneficial effects in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi-110001, India
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35
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Renal tubular epithelial cells as immunoregulatory cells in renal allograft rejection. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2009; 23:129-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Du S, Hiramatsu N, Hayakawa K, Kasai A, Okamura M, Huang T, Yao J, Takeda M, Araki I, Sawada N, Paton AW, Paton JC, Kitamura M. Suppression of NF-κB by Cyclosporin A and Tacrolimus (FK506) via Induction of the C/EBP Family: Implication for Unfolded Protein Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7201-11. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Hama N, Yanagisawa Y, Dono K, Kobayashi S, Marubashi S, Nagano H, Umeshita K, Watanabe S, Uchiyama Y, Monden M. Gene expression profiling of acute cellular rejection in rat liver transplantation using DNA microarrays. Liver Transpl 2009; 15:509-21. [PMID: 19399741 DOI: 10.1002/lt.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is still a major problem in organ transplantation, and its genetic and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used DNA microarrays to investigate the gene expression profiles in ACR. We hypothesized that changes of gene expression in grafts could also be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes. We first compared the gene expression profiles in liver isografts (Lewis to Lewis) and allografts (Dark Agouti to Lewis) harvested from rats at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that gene expression started to change on day 3, and 89 differentially expressed genes were extracted from allografts in comparison with isografts at day 3. Most of the up-regulated genes were associated with graft-infiltrating leukocytes. We then confirmed the similarity of gene expression changes in peripheral leukocytes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the gene expression changes in other inflammatory and liver dysfunction models. Two interferon-gamma inducible genes, interferon regulatory factor 1 and guanylate nucleotide binding protein 2, were overexpressed in both the peripheral leukocytes and liver graft during ACR. Although further studies are necessary, these 2 genes in peripheral leukocytes could be potentially useful markers for rejection or immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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38
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Abstract
In organ transplantation, blood borne cells and macromolecules (e.g., antibodies) of the host immune system are brought into direct contact with the endothelial cell lining of graft vessels. In this location, graft endothelial cells play several roles in allograft rejection, including the initiation of rejection responses by presentation of alloantigen to circulating T cells; the development of inflammation and thrombosis; and as targets of injury and agents of repair.
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39
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Abstract
In organ transplantation, blood borne cells and macromolecules (e.g., antibodies) of the host immune system are brought into direct contact with the endothelial cell lining of graft vessels. In this location, graft endothelial cells play several roles in allograft rejection, including the initiation of rejection responses by presentation of alloantigen to circulating T cells; the development of inflammation and thrombosis; and as targets of injury and agents of repair.
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40
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Turgeon NA, Kirk AD, Iwakoshi NN. Differential effects of donor-specific alloantibody. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2008; 23:25-33. [PMID: 18951778 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alloantigen exposure typically provokes an adaptive immune response that can foster rejection of transplanted organs, and these responses present the most formidable biological barrier to kidney transplantation. Although most cellular alloimmune responses can be therapeutically controlled with T-cell-specific immunosuppressants, humoral alloimmune responses remain relatively untamed. Importantly, humoral immunity, typically manifesting as allospecific antibody production, is increasingly recognized for its variable appearance after kidney transplantation. Indeed, the appearance of alloantibody can herald the onset of rapid and destructive antibody-mediated rejection or have no demonstrable acute effects. The factors determining the end result of alloantibody formation remain poorly understood. This review will discuss the breadth of alloantibody responses seen in clinical kidney transplantation and provide an overview of potential factors explaining the phenotypic variability associated with humoral alloimmunity. We propose several avenues ripe for future investigation including the influence of innate immune components and the potential influence of heterologous immune responses in determining the ultimate clinical import of an alloantibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Turgeon
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, 5105-WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Moscoso-Solorzano G, Mastroianni-Kirsztajn G, Ozaki K, Araujo S, Franco M, Pacheco-Silva A, Camara N. Are the current chronic allograft nephropathy grading systems sufficient to predict renal allograft survival? Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 41:896-903. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2008005000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G.T. Moscoso-Solorzano
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; Hospital Universitário Central de Asturias, Spain
| | | | - K.S. Ozaki
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - S. Araujo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - N.O.S. Camara
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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42
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Weigt SS, Elashoff RM, Keane MP, Strieter RM, Gomperts BN, Xue YY, Ardehali A, Gregson AL, Kubak B, Fishbein MC, Saggar R, Ross DJ, Lynch JP, Zisman DA, Belperio JA. Altered levels of CC chemokines during pulmonary CMV predict BOS and mortality post-lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1512-22. [PMID: 18513272 PMCID: PMC2760345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary CMV infection (CMVI) and disease (CMVD) is associated with reduced long-term survival post-lung transplantation, however, the specific biologic mechanisms remain unclear. We have demonstrated a role of CC chemokines during lung allograft dysfunction. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that pulmonary CMV upregulates the expression of multiple CC chemokines that leads to allograft dysfunction and decreased long-term survival. We performed a nested case control study in lung transplant recipients to investigate alterations in CC chemokine biology during pulmonary CMV. Levels of CC chemokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from recipients with CMVI (n = 33), CMVD (n = 6), and in healthy lung transplant controls (n = 33). We found a trend toward increased levels of MIP-1alpha/CCL3 during pulmonary CMVI. Levels of MCP-1/CCL2 and RANTES/CCL5 were significantly elevated during pulmonary CMV. Interestingly, elevated levels of CCL3 in BALF were protective with regards to survival. Importantly, elevated levels of CCL2 in BALF predicted the development of BOS, while elevated levels of CCL5 in BALF predicted an increase in mortality post-lung transplant. Altered levels of specific CC chemokines during pulmonary CMV are associated with future clinical outcomes. These results suggest a possible utility of BALF CC chemokines as biomarkers for guiding risk assessment during pulmonary CMV post-lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Weigt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Corresponding author: S. Samuel Weigt,
| | - R. M. Elashoff
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. P. Keane
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - R. M. Strieter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - B. N. Gomperts
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Y. Y. Xue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A. Ardehali
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A. L. Gregson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - B. Kubak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. C. Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - R. Saggar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. J. Ross
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. P. Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. A. Zisman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J. A. Belperio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Kang SW, Park SJ, Kim YW, Kim YH, Sohn HS, Yoon YC, Joo H, Jeong KH, Lee SH, Lee TW, Ihm CG. Association of MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms with the risk of late acute rejection after renal transplantation in Korean patients. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:25-31. [PMID: 18186797 PMCID: PMC2228509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the factors modulating transplant rejection, chemokines and their respective receptors deserve special attention. Increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its corresponding receptor (chemokine receptor-2, CCR2) has been implicated in renal transplant rejection. To determine the impact of the MCP-1-2518G and CCR2-64I genotypes on renal allograft function, 167 Korean patients who underwent transplantation over a 25-year period were evaluated. Genomic DNA was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Fifty-five (32.9%) patients were homozygous for the MCP-1-2518G polymorphism. Nine (5.4%) patients were homozygous for the CCR2-64I polymorphism. None of the investigated polymorphism showed a significant shift in long-term allograft survival. However, a significant increase was noted for the risk of late acute rejection in recipients who were homozygous for the MCP-1-2518G polymorphism (OR, 2.600; 95% CI, 1.125–6.012; P = 0.022). There was also an association between the MCP-1-2518G/G genotype and the number of late acute rejection episodes (P = 0.024). Although there was no difference in the incidence of rejection among recipients stratified by the CCR2-V64I genotype, recipients with the CCR2-V64I GG genotype in combination with the MCP-1-2518G/G genotype had a significantly higher risk of acute or late acute rejection among the receptor-ligand combinations (P = 0.006, P = 0.008, respectively). The MCP-1 variant may be a marker for risk of late acute rejection in Korean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kang
- Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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44
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Girlanda R, Kleiner DE, Duan Z, Ford EAS, Wright EC, Mannon RB, Kirk AD. Monocyte infiltration and kidney allograft dysfunction during acute rejection. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:600-7. [PMID: 18294156 PMCID: PMC2813043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cell types infiltrate acutely rejecting renal allografts. Typically, monocytes and T cells predominate. Although T cells are known to be required for acute rejection, the degree to which monocytes influence this process remains incompletely defined. Specifically, it has not been established to what degree monocytes impact the clinical phenotype of rejection or how their influence compares to that of T cells. We therefore investigated the relative impact of T cells and monocytes by correlating their presence as measured by immunohistochemical staining with the magnitude of the acute change in renal function at the time of biopsy in 78 consecutive patients with histological acute rejection. We found that functional impairment was strongly associated with the degree of overall cellular infiltration as scored using Banff criteria. However, when cell types were considered, monocyte infiltration was quantitatively associated with renal dysfunction while T-cell infiltration was not. Similarly, renal tubular stress, as indicated by HLA-DR expression, increased with monocyte but not T-cell infiltration. These data suggest that acute allograft dysfunction is most closely related to monocyte infiltration and that isolated T-cell infiltration has less acute functional impact. This relationship may be useful in assigning acute clinical relevance to biopsy findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Girlanda
- Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - D. E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of Health/NCI, Bethesda, MD
| | - Z. Duan
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD
| | - E. A. S. Ford
- Transplantation Branch, National Institutes of Health/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD
| | - E. C. Wright
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD
| | - R. B. Mannon
- Transplantation Branch, National Institutes of Health/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD
| | - A. D. Kirk
- Transplantation Branch, National Institutes of Health/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD,Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
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45
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Dubiński B, Boratyńska M, Kopeć W, Szyber P, Patrzałek D, Klinger M. Activated cells in urine and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) — Sensitive rejection markers in renal graft recipients. Transpl Immunol 2008; 18:203-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Hwang SY, Woo CWH, Au-Yeung KKW, Siow YL, Zhu TY, O K. Homocysteine stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the kidney via nuclear factor-κB activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294:F236-44. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00331.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia, or an elevation of blood homocysteine (Hcy) levels, is associated with cardiovascular disorders. Although kidney dysfunction is an important risk factor causing hyperhomocysteinemia, the direct effect of Hcy on the kidney is not well documented. There is a positive association between an elevation of blood Hcy levels and the development of chronic kidney disease. Inflammatory response such as increased chemokine expression has been implicated as one of the mechanisms for renal disease. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemokine that is involved in the inflammatory response in renal disease. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in upregulation of MCP-1 expression. We investigated the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on MCP-1 expression and the molecular mechanism underling such an effect in rat kidneys as well as in proximal tubular cells. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in rats fed a high-methionine diet for 12 wk. The MCP-1 mRNA expression and MCP-1 protein levels were significantly increased in kidneys isolated from hyperhomocysteinemic rats. The NF-κB activity was significantly increased in the same kidneys. Pretreatment of hyperhomocysteinemic rats with a NF-κB inhibitor abolished hyperhomocysteinemia-induced MCP-1 expression in the kidney. To confirm the causative role of NF-κB activation in MCP-1 expression, human kidney proximal tubular cells were transfected with decoy NF-κB oligodeoxynucleotide to inhibit NF-κB activation. Such a treatment prevented Hcy-induced MCP-1 mRNA expression in tubular cells. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia stimulates MCP-1 expression in the kidney via NF-κB activation. Such an inflammatory response may contribute to renal injury associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
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47
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Terada Y, Inoshita S, Kuwana H, Kobayashi T, Okado T, Ichijo H, Sasaki S. Important role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in ischemic acute kidney injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:1043-9. [PMID: 17971303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were significantly higher in ASK1+/+ mice than in ASK1-/- mice after I/R injury. Renal histology of ASK1+/+ mice showed significantly greater tubular necrosis and degradation. In ASK1-/- mice, phosphorylation of ASK1, JNK, and p38K, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells and infiltrated leukocytes decreased after I/R injury. Apoptotic changes were significantly decreased in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) from ASK1-/- mice under hypoxic condition. Transfection with dominant-active ASK1 induced apoptosis in TECs. Protein expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was significantly weaker in ASK1-/- mice after I/R injury. Transfection with dominant negative-ASK1 significantly decreased MCP-1 production in TECs. These results demonstrated that ASK1 is activated in I/R-induced AKI, and blockage of ASK1 attenuates renal tubular apoptosis, MCP-1 expression, and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Terada
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45, Yushima 1-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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48
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Abstract
Recent advancements in immunobiology have introduced several new diagnostic tools for monitoring kidney transplant recipients. These have been added to more established tests that, although imperfect, remain important benchmarks of diagnostic utility. Both new and old tests can be characterized with regard to their practicality, and as to whether they detect aberrant function or define the cause of dysfunction. Unfortunately, no current test is both practical and specific to a particular disease entity. Accordingly, the diagnosis of graft dysfunction remains dependent on the proper use and interpretation of many studies. This article reviews the current assays that have been evaluated in the clinic for the diagnosis of renal allograft-related diseases. These are limited to assays based on routinely obtainable samples such as blood, biopsy tissue, and urine. Newer studies are presented, along with more mundane assays, to highlight the practical use of studies regardless of their degree of mechanistic sophistication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Girlanda
- Transplantation Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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49
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Yigit B, Bozkurt N, Berber I, Titiz I, Isbir T. Analysis of CC chemokine receptor 5 and 2 polymorphisms and renal transplant survival. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 25:423-6. [PMID: 16598837 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rejection is an immune process leading to graft failure. By regulating the trafficking of leukocytes, chemokines and chemokine receptors are thought to be one of the reasons causing acute renal rejection (ARE), which increases the possibility of chronic rejection and organ destruction. This study was designed to investigate, in the Turkish population, an association of chemokine receptor genetic variants, CCR2V641, CCR5-59029-A/G, CCR5-Delta32 and acute renal rejection after renal transplant surgery. We carried out our study in 85 Turkish renal transplant patients (45 men, 40 women; mean age 39 +/- 2 years) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. We found no significant difference in the incidence of rejection among patients possessing or lacking CCR5-Delta32. For the groups with and without acute renal rejection, we found a significant difference between the groups in A and G allele distribution in both CCR2V641and CCR559029 gene variants (p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively). According to our findings, the risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation may be associated with genetic variation in the chemokine receptor genes CCR5-59029 and CCR2V641 in Turkey, and studies on these gene polymorphisms could be an ideal target for future interventions intended to prevent renal transplant loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Yigit
- Haydarpasa Numune Research and Educational Hospital, Renal Transplantation Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
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50
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Elevation of multiple cytokines/chemokines in urine of human renal transplant recipients with acute and chronic injuries: potential usage for diagnosis and monitoring. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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