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Matsumura M, Imura T, Inagaki A, Ogasawara H, Fukuoka K, Fathi I, Miyagi S, Ohashi K, Unno M, Kamei T, Satomi S, Goto M. A Simple and Useful Predictive Assay for Evaluating the Quality of Isolated Hepatocytes for Hepatocyte Transplantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6166. [PMID: 30992529 PMCID: PMC6467914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
No optimal assay for assessing isolated hepatocytes before hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) has been established, therefore reliable and rapid assays are warranted. Isolated rat hepatocytes were dipped in a water bath (necrosis model), and were also cultured with Okadaic acid (apoptosis model) or vehicle, followed by cellular assessment including trypan blue exclusion (TBE) viability, ADP /ATP ratio, plating efficiency (PE), DNA quantity and ammonia elimination. Hepatocytes were transplanted into the liver of analbuminemic rats, subsequently engraftment was assessed by serum albumin and the histology of transplanted grafts. In the necrosis model, the ADP/ATP ratio was strongly and negatively correlated with the TBE (R2 = 0.559, P < 0.001). In the apoptosis model, the ADP/ATP ratio assay, PE, DNA quantification and an ammonia elimination test clearly distinguished the groups (P < 0.001, respectively). The ADP/ATP ratio, PE and DNA quantity were well-correlated and the ammonia elimination was slightly correlated with the transplant outcome. TBE could not distinguish the groups and was not correlated with the outcome. The ADP/ATP ratio assay predicted the transplant outcome. PE and DNA quantification may improve the accuracy of the retrospective (evaluations require several days) quality assessment of hepatocytes. The ADP/ATP ratio assay, alone or with a short-term metabolic assay could improve the efficiency of HTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyuki Matsumura
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogasawara
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Fukuoka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ibrahim Fathi
- Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigehito Miyagi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Satomi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan. .,Division of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 980-0872, Sendai, Japan.
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Ito R, Ito M, Asano Y, Murakumo A, Yamamoto N, Horiguchi A. Availability of a Magnetic Method for Hepatocyte Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:1525-1531. [PMID: 29880382 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocyte transplantation is a promising alternate for the treatment of hepatic diseases. Hypothermic preservation of isolated human hepatocytes is potentially a simple and convenient strategy to provide on-demand hepatocytes in the quantity sufficient and the quality required for biotherapy. Isolated fresh hepatocytes include damaged cells that are also early apoptotic cells, which is not ideal for hepatocyte transplantation. However, this does not reflect cell viability, although it is considered that it adversely affects cell survival after transplantation. We aimed to harvest these hepatocytes and filter the apoptotic cells using a magnetic method to provide a transplantation source. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat hepatocytes were isolated from caudate lobes using manual enzymatic perfusion. The hepatocyte yield was 5.3 ± 0.66 × 109 cells/g of liver tissue, with a viability of 82.3 ± 3.5%. Two samples of hepatocytes were freshly isolated, one using the magnetic method, and the other without. The magnetic method was performed using DynaMag-15 Magnet, and Annexin V Antibody was used on the early apoptotic cells. We evaluated the viability and plate efficiency of the cells after 24 hours at 37°C. Hepatocytes were isolated using cell separation method, and 30 × 106 cells were mixed with 1.0 mL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and directly injected into the spleen of Lewis rats (150-250 g) using 24-gauge needles. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, and 14, and the blood albumin level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA):G1, control (medium injection); G2, fresh hepatocyte transplant using the magnetic method; and G3, fresh hepatocyte transplant without the magnetic method. RESULTS The viability was 84.9 ± 2% for fresh hepatocytes and 80.7 ± 1.2% for hepatocytes isolated using the magnetic method. The magnetic method does not damage the cells (73.5 ± 2% vs 35.2 ± 2% after 24 hours), preserving hepatocyte. The albumin level accepted significantly increased in the magnet-treated group compared with the nonmagnet group. Simultaneously, the spleen in which these hepatocytes were transplanted could be used to observe the hepatocytes; the cells were transplanted 14 days later, and the magnet-treated group had significantly higher levels of hepatocytes than the nonmagnet group. CONCLUSION We developed an effective technique for hepatocyte isolation for short-term preservation. As a result, we believe that transplantation not only improves the cell transplantation effect but also allows the cells to be stored efficiently using the magnetic method. These results demonstrate the usefulness of hepatocyte hypothermic preservation for cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ito
- Fujita Health University, Department of Surgery, Toyoake, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Fujita Health University, Department of Surgery, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Y Asano
- Fujita Health University, Department of Surgery, Toyoake, Japan
| | - A Murakumo
- Fujita Health University, Department of Surgery, Toyoake, Japan
| | - N Yamamoto
- Fujita Health University, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Toyoake, Japan
| | - A Horiguchi
- Fujita Health University, Department of Surgery, Toyoake, Japan
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Sigot V, Mediavilla MG, Furno G, Rodríguez JV, Guibert EE. A Simple and Effective Method to Improve Intrasplenic Rat Hepatocyte Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 13:775-81. [PMID: 15690979 DOI: 10.3727/000000004783983459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted hepatocytes integrate, survive, and express their specific functions in the liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to determine whether a large number of hepatocytes could move from the spleen to the liver when the cells are injected together with sodium nitroprusside, and if the improved hepatocyte migration may be related with portal vein dilatation. Wistar rats were transplanted in the spleen with fluorescent-labeled hepatocytes alone or together with sodium nitroprusside. At 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after the transplant, the liver from recipient animals was removed and morphometric analyses were performed. Portal and arterial pressures were also measured immediately after intrasplenic injection of a solution of sodium nitroprusside, hepatocytes alone, or hepatocytes plus sodium nitroprusside. Intrasplenically injected sodium nitroprusside produced a transient drop in arterial pressure and a sustained reduction in portal pressure. During hepatocyte transplantation it increased the number of transplanted cells migrating to the liver after 3 h. Sodium nitroprusside simultaneously injected with hepatocytes in the spleen allowed more cells to migrate into the liver of the host animal without risk in animal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sigot
- Biología Molecular, Dto Cs Biológicas, Facultad de Cs Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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David P, Alexandre E, Audet M, Chenard-Neu MP, Wolf P, Jaeck D, Azimzadeh A, Richert L. Engraftment and Albumin Production of Intrasplenically Transplanted Rat Hepatocytes (Sprague-Dawley), Freshly Isolated versus Cryopreserved, Into Nagase Analbuminemic Rats (NAR). Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783987034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale David
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Fondation Transplantation, 5, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eliane Alexandre
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Fondation Transplantation, 5, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Audet
- Centre de Chirurgie Viscérale et de Transplantation, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Philippe Wolf
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Fondation Transplantation, 5, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Chirurgie Viscérale et de Transplantation, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Jaeck
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Fondation Transplantation, 5, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Chirurgie Viscérale et de Transplantation, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Azimzadeh
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Fondation Transplantation, 5, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lysiane Richert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, Place Saint Jacques, 25030 Besançon, France
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Yoshizato K. Growth potential of adult hepatocytes in mammals: Highly replicative small hepatocytes with liver progenitor‐like traits. Dev Growth Differ 2007; 49:171-84. [PMID: 17335438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The liver is one of the few organs that is capable of completely regenerating itself without using a stem cell population. When damaged, growth factors and cytokines are released, stimulating terminally differentiated adult hepatocytes and making them re-enter the cell cycle. We have been developing a series of studies on the growth potential of rat and human hepatocytes to identify a population of hepatocytes that is responsible for the regeneration of the injured liver. For this purpose, we established an appropriate culture method for hepatocytes by which growth and differentiation capacities are practically examined under various experimental conditions. This in vitro assay system allows us to identify small hepatocytes that are prominently replicative compared to large hepatocytes. Non-parenchymal cells play critical roles in the proliferation of small hepatocytes. These hepatocytes are present in both rat and human liver and are located in portal regions there. Phenotypic features were examined at morphological and gene/protein levels in detail, which showed the phenotypic plasticity in vitro. Mammalian liver includes a population of small hepatocytes in normal adults with a minute occupancy rate. We speculate that small hepatocytes play a role in regenerating the injured liver and in compensating for apoptotic hepatocytes in the physiological turnover of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Developmental Biology Laboratory and Hiroshima University 21st Century COE Program for Advanced Radiation Casualty Medicine, Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Japan.
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6
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Gandillet A, Vidal I, Alexandre E, Audet M, Chenard-Neu MP, Stutzmann J, Heyd B, Jaeck D, Richert L. Experimental models of acute and chronic liver failure in nude mice to study hepatocyte transplantation. Cell Transplant 2005; 14:277-90. [PMID: 16052909 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783983061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocyte transplantation is a promising therapy for acute liver failure in human, there is still a lack of animal models suffering from hepatic injury in which the benefits of hepatocyte transplantation could be evaluated solely, without the bias caused by immunosuppression. As a consequence, the aim of the study was first to develop reproducible models of partial hepatectomy and of thioacetamide (TA)- or Jo2-induced acute liver failure in nude mice. Chronic liver disease was also investigated by repeated injections of sublethal doses of thioacetamide. Survival rates, routine histologic observations, alanin aminotransferase sera content, Ki67, and caspase 3 immunodetection were investigated both after 40% partial hepatectomy and after toxic-induced damages. Liver injuries were more severe and/or precocious in nude mice than in Balb/c mice for a given treatment with a maximum of acute injury obtained 24 h after single toxic injection, and were found to be transitory and reversible within 10 days. Toxics induced apoptosis followed by necrosis, confirming recent published data. Onset of fibrosis leading to reproducible chronic cirrhosis in nude mice correlated with increasing number of Ki67-positive cells, indicating that high levels of cell proliferation occurred. Chronic cirrhosis progressively reversed to fibrosis when the treatment ceased. Preliminary results demonstrated that engrafted xenogeneic hepatocytes could be detected in the host liver by anti-MHC class I immunohistochemistry. Fractions enriched in 2n or 4n hepatocytes by cell sorting using a flow cytometer were equivalent to the unpurified fraction in terms of engraftment in control nude mice or in nude mice subjected to PH. However, in mice suffering from liver injury 24 h after Jo2 or TA treatment, the engraftment of 2n hepatocytes was about twice that of an unpurified hepatocyte population or of a population enriched in 4n hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaud Gandillet
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Fondation Transplantation, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Koenig S, Stoesser C, Krause P, Becker H, Markus PM. Liver repopulation after hepatocellular transplantation: integration and interaction of transplanted hepatocytes in the host. Cell Transplant 2005; 14:31-40. [PMID: 15789660 DOI: 10.3727/000000005783983322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of donor hepatocyte integration into recipient liver are not fully understood. We investigated mechanisms of both the integration and interaction of transplanted hepatocytes with host liver cells as well as the repopulation of the host organ following intraportal transplantation. Mature hepatocytes were injected into the portal vein of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV)-deficient rats pretreated with retrorsine and subjected to 30% partial hepatectomy to ensure selective donor growth. The degree of integration and proliferation was studied by colocalizing transplanted cells (DPPIV positive) with connexin 32, MMP-2, and OX-43 (multilayer immunofluorescence imaging). FACS analysis was established to assess the extent of repopulation quantitatively. Transplanted hepatocytes reached the distal portal spaces and sinusoids within 1 h after injection. A small proportion of cells succeeded in traversing the endothelial barrier through mechanical disruption in both locations. Transplanted hepatocytes lost their membrane-bound gap junctions (connexin 32) during this process. Successful integration of the donor cells required up to 5 days, heralded by gap junction reconstitution and the specific basolateral membrane expression of DPPIV. MMP-2 degraded the extracellular matrix in close proximity to donor cells, providing space for cell division. FACS analysis revealed that more than 37% of the liver was repopulated by cells derived from donors at 2 months after transplantation. Our data demonstrate a high degree of donor cell repopulation of the host organ and provide valuable insight into the specific mechanisms of donor cell integration. Connexin 32 expression in transplanted hepatocytes may serve as an indicator of their effective incorporation and communication within the recipient liver. FACS analysis reveals an accurate method to determine quantitatively the extent of liver repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koenig
- Department of General Surgery, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37099 Germany.
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Wesolowska A, Olszewski WL, Durlik M. Transplantation of hepatocytes: elimination of recipient natural killer cells with irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution prevent early graft dysfunction. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:2358-60. [PMID: 14529941 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transplanted isolated syngeneic and allogeneic hepatocytes rapidly disintegrate, irrespective of the origin or the site of engraftment namely spleen, liver, portal vein, peritoneum, or subcutaneous tissues. Although various methods have been applied to attenuate this reaction, none have been found effective. We applied a combined protocol consisting of administration of anti-asialoGM1 antiserum (eliminating NK cells), sublethal whole-body irradiation, and reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow cells to intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation and 3 consecutive partial hepatectomies. This method overcame the early disintegration of grafted hepatocytes. Ninety days after transplantation numerous hepatocyte clusters and dilated bile canaliculae, occupying two thirds of the spleen, were observed, with some hepatocytes adhering to the bile ducts forming Hering's canals. Mitotic figures were noticed. There were no recipient mononuclear infiltrates around the hepatocyte clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wesolowska
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Olszewski WL, Rudowska A, Mecner B. Autologous transplanted hepatocytes: depletion of recipient leukocytes prevents in vivo lysis. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:705-6. [PMID: 12009672 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W L Olszewski
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinski Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Olszewski WL, Interewicz B, Durlik M, Rudowska A, Mecner B. Early loss of transplanted autologous hepatocytes-lysis by leukocytes in vivo and in vitro. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:651-3. [PMID: 11267000 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W L Olszewski
- Department of Surgical Research & Transplantology, Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Katayama S, Tateno C, Asahara T, Yoshizato K. Size-dependent in vivo growth potential of adult rat hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:97-105. [PMID: 11141483 PMCID: PMC1850269 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to determine whether hepatocytes show a size-dependent growth in vivo using as a growth assay system, a retrorsine/partial hepatectomy model of dipeptidyl dipeptidase IV-deficient (DPPIV(-)) mutant Fischer rats. Nearly pure populations of small hepatocytes (SHs) and parenchymal hepatocytes (PHs) were prepared from DPPIV(+) rats. The same number of these SHs and PHs was transplanted into the liver of retrorsine-treated and two-thirds partial hepatectomized DPPIV(-) rats. At 21 days after transplantation, colonies derived from donor hepatocytes were detected as DPPIV(+) cells by enzyme histochemistry. SHs were approximately three times more proliferative than PHs (673 +/- 25 cells/colony versus 226 +/- 10 cells/colony, mean +/- SE). SHs were subfractionated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter into SH-R2s and SH-R3s. SH-R3s showed a lower extent of granularity and autofluorescence, and a smaller size than SH-R2s that showed characteristics similar to PHs. The growth potential of SH-R3s assayed as above was approximately three times higher than that of SH-R2s (1,101 +/- 46 cells/colony versus 341 +/- 13 cells). These results indicate that the in vivo growth potential of hepatocytes is heterogeneous and is correlated with their size, and the extent of their granularity and autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Katayama
- Hiroshima Tissue Regeneration Project, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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12
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David P, Alexandre E, Chenard-Neu MP, Audet M, Wolf P, Jaeck D, Azimzadeh A, Richert L. Engraftment and function of freshly isolated and cryopreserved Sprague Dawley rat hepatocytes after intrasplenic transplantation in analbuminemic rats. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2796-7. [PMID: 11134810 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P David
- Laboratoire de Chirurgie Expérimentale, Fondation Transplantation, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Veitzman E, Shenkar L, Shoshany G, Kasinetz L, Gershoni-Baruch R, Brill Zamir R, Baruch Y. Detection of transplanted liver cells to the spleen by semiquantitative analysis using PCR for the Sry region on the Y chromosome. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:721-3. [PMID: 10856559 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)00957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Veitzman
- Liver Unit and Department of Medicine B , Rambam Medical Center , Haifa, Israel
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Olszewski WL, Poreda E, Jasklowska-Englisz M, Interewicz B. Hepatocyte transplantation-granulocytes and mononuclear cells recognize the surface of isolated autologous hepatocytes as non-self and destroy them. Transpl Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1998.tb01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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