1
|
Li H, Wang Y, Liu H, Shi Q, Li H, Wu W, Zhu D, Amos CI, Fang S, Lee JE, Li Y, Han J, Wei Q. Genetic variants of PDGF signaling pathway genes predict cutaneous melanoma survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74595-74606. [PMID: 29088810 PMCID: PMC5650365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether genetic variants of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway genes are associated with survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients, we assessed associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PDGF pathway with melanoma-specific survival in 858 CM patients of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). Additional data of 409 cases from Harvard University were also included for further analysis. We identified 13 SNPs in four genes (COL6A3, NCK2, COL5A1 and PRKCD) with a nominal P < 0.05 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.2 in MDACC dataset. Based on linkage disequilibrium, functional prediction and minor allele frequency, a representative SNP in each gene was selected. In the meta-analysis using MDACC and Harvard datasets, there were two SNPs associated with poor survival of CM patients: rs6707820 C>T in NCK2 (HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.35-2.59, Pmeta= 1.53E-5); and rs2306574 T>C in PRKCD (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.33-2.24, Pmeta= 4.56E-6). Moreover, CM patients in MDACC with combined risk genotypes of these two loci had markedly poorer survival (HR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.58-3.84, P < 0.001). Genetic variants of rs6707820 C>T in NCK2 and rs2306574 T>C in PRKCD of the PDGF signaling pathway may be biomarkers for melanoma survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qiong Shi
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongyu Li
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garg R, Benedetti LG, Abera MB, Wang H, Abba M, Kazanietz MG. Protein kinase C and cancer: what we know and what we do not. Oncogene 2014; 33:5225-37. [PMID: 24336328 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the late 1970s, protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes represent one of the most extensively studied signaling kinases. PKCs signal through multiple pathways and control the expression of genes relevant for cell cycle progression, tumorigenesis and metastatic dissemination. Despite the vast amount of information concerning the mechanisms that control PKC activation and function in cellular models, the relevance of individual PKC isozymes in the progression of human cancer is still a matter of controversy. Although the expression of PKC isozymes is altered in multiple cancer types, the causal relationship between such changes and the initiation and progression of the disease remains poorly defined. Animal models developed in the last years helped to better understand the involvement of individual PKCs in various cancer types and in the context of specific oncogenic alterations. Unraveling the enormous complexity in the mechanisms by which PKC isozymes have an impact on tumorigenesis and metastasis is key for reassessing their potential as pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L G Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M B Abera
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M G Kazanietz
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, which can be further classified into three PKC isozymes subfamilies: conventional or classic, novel or nonclassic, and atypical. PKC isozymes are known to be involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Because of their key roles in cell signaling, PKC isozymes also have the potential to be promising therapeutic targets for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, and multiple types of cancer. This review primarily focuses on the activation, mechanism, and function of PKC isozymes during cancer development and progression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Elevated expression of stress proteins can be a characteristic of human cancer and may be involved in the development of resistance to some types of chemotherapeutic agent. In this paper, the effect of physiological stress conditions, such as glucose deprivation, was investigated in overexpressing nPKCdelta murine melanoma BL6 (BL6T) cells. Glucose stress conditions decreased the proliferative capacity, increasing the percentage of BL6T cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, under such conditions, nPKCdelta, whose subcellular localization is cell cycle dependent, showed a cytoplasmic and perinuclear localization by immunohistochemistry, this being typical for cells in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, these cells expressed GRP-78, a known stress protein. On the other hand, glucose depletion enhanced intracellular melanin as well as tyrosinase activity and expression. In summary, these data demonstrate that stress conditions can modify the biological characteristics of BL6T cells, and therefore can select a quiescent cellular population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cedrola
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lorenzo PS, Dennis PA. Modulating protein kinase C (PKC) to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy: stepping into darkness. Drug Resist Updat 2004; 6:329-39. [PMID: 14744497 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of molecules that promote chemotherapeutic resistance would allow rationally designed approaches to abrogate this resistance, thereby possibly improving clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. In this regard, the PKC family is attractive for targeting, because it is comprised of a family of isoforms that play key roles in multiple cellular processes and can contribute to cellular transformation. Encouraging in vitro data originally showed that approaches to modulate PKC activity through small-molecule inhibitors or genetic manipulation could affect tumor cell survival. Recently, some of these approaches have begun clinical testing. Early-stage clinical trials revealed scattered clinical responses to these agents, but the most recent clinical trials have shown that combining modulators of PKC with standard chemotherapy does not improve outcome over chemotherapy alone. In this review, we will trace the development of these approaches, and discuss possible explanations for the recent negative results. Importantly, we will suggest guidelines for the clinical evaluation of PKC modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Lorenzo
- Natural Products Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Williams SR, Son DS, Terranova PF. Protein kinase C delta is activated in mouse ovarian surface epithelial cancer cells by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Toxicology 2004; 195:1-17. [PMID: 14698564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways are governed in cell and tissue-specific manners, albeit the physiological significance of which is unclear. This research sought to define the effects of TCDD on the PKC pathway using a mouse ovarian surface epithelial cancer cell line (ID8). Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) potentiated (1 nM) TCDD-induced 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity after 24h of treatment, and pre-treatment with (1 microM) of either a general PKC inhibitor (BisI) or PKCdelta-specific inhibitor (Rotterlin) abolished the potentiation indicating that activation of PKC enhances TCDD signal transduction. Western blot analysis revealed that unstimulated ID8 cells express PKCalpha, beta, epsilon, tau, lambda and RACK1. PKCgamma, eta, theta and DGKtheta were not detected. TCDD (1 nM) increased PKCdelta protein approximately eight-fold after 24h of treatment and this effect was dose-dependent (0.1-100 nM); other PKC isoforms and related signaling proteins tested were unaffected by TCDD treatment. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that TCDD (1 nM) promoted the subcellular redistribution of PKCdelta, from the cytoplasm and the nucleus to the perinuclear area after 2h of treatment, however, after 24h of treatment PKCdelta was observed in nuclear structures that resembled nucleoli. TCDD (1 nM) also increased total PKC and PKCdelta-specific kinase activities in biphasic time-responsive manners. Total PKC and PKCdelta-specific activities increased after 1-2h of treatment. Then TCDD increased the total PKC activity again after 12h of treatment, whereas, PKCdelta-specific activity resurged at 24h and remained elevated at 48 h after treatment. The results indicate that TCDD preferentially induces PKCdelta protein expression and phosphotransferase activity, and its membrane translocation, indicating a potential intracellular role for PKCdelta as an effector molecule for TCDD-mediated biological events in this ovarian cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalmica R Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Srivastava A, Ralhan R, Kaur J. Angiogenesis in cutaneous melanoma: pathogenesis and clinical implications. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 60:208-24. [PMID: 12539175 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neovacularization is an essential step in the multistage progression of malignant melanoma. The onset of new blood vessel formation is ushered in by the release of VEGF and numerous other angiogenic molecules by the tumor cells. Human melanoma is unique among neoplasms that both avascular (early horizontal growth phase characterized by very slow progression and 99%, 10-year survival) and vascular (late radial and vertical growth phase associated with rapid growth, metastasis and death in many cases), phases are discernible by the naked eye. Although cell biologists have made great strides in unraveling the mechanisms involved in the laying down of tumor vasculature and the factors that inhibit it, clinicians treating melanoma have been rather slow to realize and utilize the full potential of suppressing the tumor blood flow to the best advantage of the patient. We suggest a consorted endeavor by all the melanoma experts across the globe to establish an "angiogenesis database" wherein they pool the blood flow and vascularity information along with Breslow's thickness, Clark's level of invasion, lymphatic and vascular invasion, regression, and outcome of their patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Srivastava
- Department of Surgical Discipline, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|