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Tabolacci C, De Vita D, Facchiano A, Bozzuto G, Beninati S, Failla CM, Di Martile M, Lintas C, Mischiati C, Stringaro A, Del Bufalo D, Facchiano F. Phytochemicals as Immunomodulatory Agents in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032657. [PMID: 36768978 PMCID: PMC9916941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an immunogenic highly heterogenic tumor characterized by poor outcomes when it is diagnosed late. Therefore, immunotherapy in combination with other anti-proliferative approaches is among the most effective weapons to control its growth and metastatic dissemination. Recently, a large amount of published reports indicate the interest of researchers and clinicians about plant secondary metabolites as potentially useful therapeutic tools due to their lower presence of side effects coupled with their high potency and efficacy. Published evidence was reported in most cases through in vitro studies but also, with a growing body of evidence, through in vivo investigations. Our aim was, therefore, to review the published studies focused on the most interesting phytochemicals whose immunomodulatory activities and/or mechanisms of actions were demonstrated and applied to melanoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Bozzuto
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Operative Research Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Feng B, Zhao X, Zhao W, Jiang H, Ren Z, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Du Z. Ethyl 2-Succinate-Anthraquinone Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress via Regulating NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719822. [PMID: 34819853 PMCID: PMC8607229 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe-emodin widely possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-infectious properties. This study investigated the effect of ethyl 2-succinate-anthraquinone (Luhui derivative, LHD) on inflammation. In vitro, a THP-1 macrophage inflammation model, made by 100 ng/ml phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h, was constructed. The LHD group (6.25 μmol/L, 12.5 μmol/L, 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L) had no effect on THP-1 cell activity, and the expression of IL-6 mRNA was down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner, of which the 25 μmol/L group had the best inhibitory effect. The migration of THP-1 macrophages induced by LPS was decreased by the LHD. Moreover, the LHD suppressed ROS fluorescence expression by inhibiting MDA expression and increasing SOD activity. In vivo, we revealed that the LHD, in different doses (6.25 mg/kg, 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg), has a protective effect on stress physiological responses by assessing the body temperature of mice. Interestingly, acute lung injury (e.g., the structure of the alveoli disappeared and capillaries in the alveolar wall were dilated and congested) and liver damage (e.g., hepatocyte swelling, neutrophil infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis) were obviously improved at the same condition. Furthermore, we initially confirmed that the LHD can down-regulate the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and caspase-1 proteins, thereby mediating the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, our results indicate that the LHD exerts anti-inflammatory activity via regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway, inhibition of oxidative stress, and THP-1 macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burong Feng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuye Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiwei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zijing Ren
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingfu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent primary malignant brain tumour prevalent in humans, that exhibits aggressive cell proliferation and rapid invasion of normal brain tissue. Despite aggressive therapeutic approaches consisting of maximum safe surgical resection followed by radio-chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), more than 95% of GBM patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. In most cases, the therapy is not able to counteract the growth and invasiveness of the tumour, which relapses after an interval of time that varies from patient to patient. An increasing number of evidence indicates that natural substances exhibited effective anti-tumour functions and might be successfully used in the treatment of GBM. This review summarizes some natural substances: lactoferrin, hispolon, aloe-emodin and tea tree oil; all these show a growth inhibition and synergistic effect when together with TMZ, (the most commonly used alkylating drug for the treatment of glioblastoma) were administered to U87MG glioblastoma cell line in vitro and in murine animal model. U87MG cell growth was monitored by daily cell count after treatments with the substances mentioned above and growth analysis showed that all drugs significantly decrease proliferation of U87MG in a time- and dose-dependent manner. FACS analysis demonstrates a block of cell cycle in S, G2/M or G0/G1 phases. These substances mediate multiple processes including apoptosis by releasing the inducing factor: PARP. Natural compounds, in combination with conventional chemotherapy TMZ, are a powerful approach to improve the effectiveness of brain cancer treatment.
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Svitina H, Swanepoel R, Rossouw J, Netshimbupfe H, Gouws C, Hamman J. Treatment of Skin Disorders with Aloe Materials. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2208-2240. [PMID: 31269881 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190703154244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ and functions as a barrier to protect the underlying tissues against the elements and pathogens, while also fulfilling many physiological roles and biochemical functions such as preventing excessive water loss. Skin disorders vary greatly in terms of origin, severity, symptoms and affect persons of all ages. Many plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times including the treatment of skin disorders and diseases. Aloe represents one of the earliest medicinal plant species mentioned in antique scriptures and even in rock art dating back thousands of years. Different Aloe species and materials have been used in the prevention and treatment of skin related disorders. Aloe vera is the most commonly used Aloe species for medicinal purposes. Some of the most prominent skin related applications and disorders that Aloe materials have been investigated for are discussed in this paper, which include cosmetic, radiation, cancer, wound and antimicrobial applications. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are included in the discussions of this paper and comprehensive summaries of all these studies are given in tables in each section. Although some contradictory results were obtained among studies, certain Aloe materials have shown excellent efficacy and exhibited potential for the treatment of skin related disorders and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roan Swanepoel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Happiness Netshimbupfe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Dong X, Zeng Y, Liu Y, You L, Yin X, Fu J, Ni J. Aloe-emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2019; 34:270-281. [PMID: 31680350 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin is a naturally anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese herbs, such as Cassia occidentalis, Rheum palmatum L., Aloe vera, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Emerging evidence suggests that aloe-emodin exhibits many pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. These pharmacological properties lay the foundation for the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus, inflammation, sepsis, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, malaria, liver fibrosis, psoriasis, Type 2 diabetes, growth disorders, and several types of cancers. However, an increasing number of published studies have reported adverse effects of aloe-emodin. The primary toxicity among these reports is hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which are of wide concern worldwide. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that aloe-emodin has a poor intestinal absorption, short elimination half-life, and low bioavailability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of aloe-emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Devi G, Harikrishnan R, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Hoseinifar SH, Balasundaram C. Effects of aloe-emodin on innate immunity, antioxidant and immune cytokines mechanisms in the head kidney leucocytes of Labeo rohita against Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:669-678. [PMID: 30753918 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aloe-emodin incorporated diets on innate immune response, disease resistance, pro and/or anti-inflammatory cytokine gene transcription in Labeo rohita against Aphanomyces invadans is reported for the first time. In healthy and infected groups fed with 5 mg aloe-emodin enriched diet the white blood cell (WBC) count increased significantly (p > 0.05) after 6th week. In both groups fed with any enriched diet the biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio did not vary significantly; however with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet the albumin and globulin levels increased significantly (p > 0.05) after 6th week. The serum phagocytic activity (PA), respiratory burst activity (RBA), serum complement C3 (CC3), and lysozyme activity (LA) did not increase with any diet between weeks 2 and 4, whereas with 5 mg aloe-emodin diet increased significantly in both groups after 6th week. The pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and iNOS significantly modulated the expression in both groups on being fed with 5 mg aloe-emodin incorporation diet on 8th week. Healthy fish fed with any aloe-emodin diet did not suffer mortality. However, the infected fish fed with 1, 5, and 10 mg kg-1 aloe-emodin diets registered 5%, 10%, and 15% mortality. The present study indicates that healthy and infected L. rohita exhibited enhanced innate immune response, disease resistance, pro and/or anti-inflamatory cytokine gene transcription levels against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mulakayala C, Banaganapalli B, Mulakayala N, Pulaganti M, C M A, Chitta SK. Design and evaluation of new chemotherapeutics of aloe-emodin (AE) against the deadly cancer disease: an in silico study. J Chem Biol 2013; 6:141-53. [PMID: 24432130 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-013-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family proteins include pro- and antiapoptotic factors acting as critical arbiters of apoptotic cell death decisions in most circumstances. Evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, relevant to tumorigenesis as well as resistance to cytotoxic drugs, and deregulation of Bcl-2 proteins was observed in many cancers. Since Bax-mediated induction of apoptosis is a crucial mechanism in cancerous cells, we aimed at conducting in silico analysis on Bax in order to predict the possible interactions for anticancer agents. The present report depicts the binding mode of aloe-emodin and its structurally modified derivatives onto Bax. The structural information about the binding site of Bax for docked compounds obtained from this study could aid in screening and designing new anticancer agents or selective inhibitors for chemotherapy against Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Mulakayala
- DBT-Bioinforamtics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 AP India
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naveen Mulakayala
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, campus Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhusudana Pulaganti
- DBT-Bioinforamtics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 AP India
| | - Anuradha C M
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, AP India 515001
| | - Suresh Kumar Chitta
- DBT-Bioinforamtics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 AP India
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Hsu SC, Chung JG. Anticancer potential of emodin. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2012; 2:108-116. [PMID: 32289000 PMCID: PMC7104001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in clinical research due to its low toxicity, low number of side effects, and low cost. Many components of common fruits and vegetables play well-documented roles as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents that suppress tumorigenesis. Anthraquinones are commonly extracted from the Polygonaceae family of plants, e.g., Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale. Some of the major chemical components of anthraquinone and its derivatives, such as aloe-emodin, danthron, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, and rhein, have demonstrated potential anticancer properties. This review evaluates the pharmacological effects of emodin, a major component of Aloe vera. In particular, emodin demonstrates anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and toxicological potential for use in pharmacology, both in vitro and in vivo. Emodin demonstrates cytotoxic effects (e.g., cell death) through the arrest of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The overall molecular mechanisms of emodin include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the promotion of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, glutathione S-transferase P, N-acetyltransferase, and glutathione phase I and II detoxification enzymes while inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion, migration, chemical-induced carcinogen-DNA adduct formation, HER2/neu, CKII kinase, and p34cdc2 kinase in human cancer cells. Hopefully, this summary will provide information regarding the actions of emodin in cancer cells and broaden the application potential of chemotherapy to additional cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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Yang Z, Yu Y, Yao L, Li G, Wang L, Hu Y, Wei H, Wang L, Hammami R, Razavi R, Zhong Y, Liang X. DetoxiProt: an integrated database for detoxification proteins. BMC Genomics 2011; 12 Suppl 3:S2. [PMID: 22369658 PMCID: PMC3333179 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-s3-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detoxification proteins are a class of proteins for degradation and/or elimination of endogenous and exogenous toxins or medicines, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by these materials. Most of these proteins are generated as a response to the stimulation of toxins or medicines. They are essential for the clearance of harmful substances and for maintenance of physiological balance in organisms. Thus, it is important to collect and integrate information on detoxification proteins. Results To store, retrieve and analyze the information related to their features and functions, we developed the DetoxiProt, a comprehensive database for annotation of these proteins. This database provides detailed introductions about different classes of the detoxification proteins. Extensive annotations of these proteins, including sequences, structures, features, inducers, inhibitors, substrates, chromosomal location, functional domains as well as physiological-biochemical properties were generated. Furthermore, pre-computed BLAST results, multiple sequence alignments and evolutionary trees for detoxification proteins are also provided for evolutionary study of conserved function and pathways. The current version of DetoxiProt contains 5956 protein entries distributed in 628 organisms. An easy to use web interface was designed, so that annotations about each detoxification protein can be retrieved by browsing with a specific method or by searching with different criteria. Conclusions DetoxiProt provides an effective and efficient way of accessing the detoxification protein sequences and other high-quality information. This database would be a valuable source for toxicologists, pharmacologists and medicinal chemists. DetoxiProt database is freely available at http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/detoxiprot/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, HanDan Road 220#, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1: A Novel Drug Target in Cancer Development. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 64:147-65. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Ferranti A, Fanali S, Raggi MA. Determination of aloe emodin in Aloe vera extracts and commercial formulations by HPLC with tandem UV absorption and fluorescence detection. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ulbricht C, Armstrong J, Basch E, Basch S, Bent S, Dacey C, Dalton S, Foppa I, Giese N, Hammerness P, Kirkwood C, Sollars D, Tanguay-Colucci S, Weissner W. An evidence-based systematic review of Aloe vera by the natural standard research collaboration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 7:279-323. [PMID: 18928148 DOI: 10.1080/15228940802153339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An evidence-based systematic review including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
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Hoek KS. DNA microarray analyses of melanoma gene expression: a decade in the mines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:466-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Guo JM, Xiao BX, Liu Q, Zhang S, Liu DH, Gong ZH. Anticancer effect of aloe-emodin on cervical cancer cells involves G2/M arrest and induction of differentiation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1991-5. [PMID: 18031614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aloe-emodin, a natural compound from the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum, on the growth of human cervical cancer cells, HeLa. METHODS HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of aloe-emodin for 1-5 d, and cell growth was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The long-term growth effect was investigated by crystal violet assay. The distributions of the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was analyzed by a chemical analyzer. Finally, Western blotting was used to indicate the abundant changes of protein kinase C (PKC), c-myc, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). RESULTS Aloe-emodin inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging between 2.5 and 40 micromol/L. The flow cytometric analysis showed that HeLa cells were arrested at the G2/M phase. This effect was associated with the decrease in cyclin A and CDK2, and the increase in cyclin B1 and CDK1. More importantly, the ALP activity was found to be increased by aloe-emodin treatment, and accompanied by the inhibition of PCNA expression. In addition, aloe-emodin suppressed the expression of PKCalpha and c-myc. CONCLUSION These findings provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the growth inhibitory effect of aloe-emodin on HeLa, which includes cell cycle arrest and inducing differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ming Guo
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China.
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