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Chang SH, Kim HJ, Park CG. Allogeneic ADSCs Induce the Production of Alloreactive Memory-CD8 T Cells through HLA-ABC Antigens. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051246. [PMID: 32443511 PMCID: PMC7290988 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the immunogenicity of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) through the production of alloreactive-CD8 T and -memory CD8 T cells, based on their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. In surface antigen analysis, ADSCs do not express co-stimulatory molecules, but expresses HLA-ABC, which is further increased by exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as IFN-γ alone. For immunogenicity analysis, allogeneic ADSCs cultured in xenofree medium (XF-ADSCs) were incubated with the recipient immune cells for allogeneic-antigen stimulation. As a result, XF-ADSCs induced IFN-γ and IL-17A release by alloreactive-CD8 T cells and the production of alloreactive-CD8 T cell through a direct pathway, although they have immunomodulatory activity. In the analysis of alloreactive memory CD8 T cells, XF-ADSCs also significantly induced the production of CFSE-low-CD8 TEM and -CD8 TCM cells. However, HLA-blocking antibodies significantly inhibited the production of CFSE-low memory-CD8 T cells, indicating that HLAs are the main antigens responsible for the development of allogeneic ADSCs' immunogenicity. These results suggested that HLA surface antigens expressed in allogeneic MSCs should be solved in order to address concerns related to the immunogenicity problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Chang
- Departments of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8308
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Kherbeck N, Tamby MC, Bussone G, Dib H, Perros F, Humbert M, Mouthon L. The role of inflammation and autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 44:31-8. [PMID: 21394427 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by a remodeling of pulmonary arteries with endothelial cell, fibroblast, and vascular smooth muscle cell activation and proliferation. Since pulmonary arterial hypertension occurs frequently in autoimmune conditions such as systemic sclerosis, inflammation and autoimmunity have been suspected to play a critical role in both idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, platelet-derived growth factor, or macrophage inflammatory protein 1 have been found in lung samples of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, along with inflammatory cell infiltrates mainly composed of macrophages and dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes. In addition, circulating autoantibodies are found in the peripheral blood of patients. Thus, autoimmunity and inflammation probably play a role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this setting, it would be important to set-up new experimental models of pulmonary arterial hypertension, in order to define novel therapeutics that specifically target immune disturbances in this devastating condition.
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Jurewicz M, Ueno T, Azzi J, Tanaka K, Murayama T, Yang S, Sayegh MH, Niimi M, Abdi R. Donor antioxidant strategy prolongs cardiac allograft survival by attenuating tissue dendritic cell immunogenicity(†). Am J Transplant 2011; 11:348-55. [PMID: 21182586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) enhances allograft immunogenicity, worsens transplantation outcome, and is the primary cause of activation of the recipient innate immune response, resulting in subsequent amplification of the alloimmune adaptive response. Here, we aimed at demonstrating that the link between innate injury and alloimmunity occurs predominantly through activation of allograft-derived dendritic cells (ADDC). Perfusion of MCI-186, a free radical scavenger, into donor cardiac allografts prior to transplantation resulted in prolongation of complete MHC-mismatched allograft survival in the absence of immunosuppression (MST of 8 vs. 26 days). This prolongation was associated with a reduction in trafficking of ADDC to recipient lymphoid tissue as well as a reduction in T cell priming. Depleting ADDC with diphtheria toxin (using DTR-GFP-DC mice as donors) 24 h prior to transplant resulted in abrogation of the prolongation observed with MCI-186 treatment, demonstrating that the beneficial effect of MCI-186 is mediated by ADDC. This donor-specific anti-ischemic regimen was also shown to reduce chronic rejection, which represents the primary obstacle to long-term allograft acceptance. These data for the first time establish a basis for donor anti-ischemic strategies, which in the ever-expanding marginal donor pools, can be instituted to promote engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jurewicz
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Langrehr JM, Gube K, Hammer MH, Lehmann M, Polenz D, Pascher A, Volk HD, Reinke P. Short-Term Anti-CD4 Plus Anti-TNF-α Receptor Treatment in Allogeneic Small Bowel Transplantation Results in Long-Term Survival. Transplantation 2007; 84:639-46. [PMID: 17876278 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000280552.85779.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved immunosuppression, intestinal transplantation is still complicated by severe rejection episodes. To further improve immunosuppressive concepts, we evaluated an anti-CD4 antibody and an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha monoclonal antibody for their immunosuppressive efficacy in the standard rat model of intestinal transplantation. METHODS Intestinal transplantation was performed in the DA to Lewis combination, and recipients were treated perioperatively with either the anti-CD4 antibody RIB5/2 (day -1, 0, postoperative days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21), the anti-TNF antibody etanercept (60 min before reperfusion, postoperative days 3, 6, and 9) or a combination of both. Survival, histology and expression of immunologic mediator genes on days 3 and 4 after transplantation were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with anti-CD4 antibody alone (19.71+/-5.94) and the antibody combination (171.58+/-122.76) prolonged survival. The chemokine MIP-1alpha was significantly decreased in both anti-CD4 antibody treatment groups, possibly indicating an additional effect of the TNF-alpha blockade on the immune modulation by RIB5/2. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated long-term graft survival in short-term treatment with a combination of an anti-CD4 antibody and a TNF-alpha antibody in more than 50% of the recipients of intestinal grafts. Such a combined approach could also be useful in clinical small bowel transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Langrehr
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Although patients with end-stage renal disease can be maintained with dialysis therapy, the superiority of patient survival with renal transplantation makes transplantation the preferred method of renal replacement. Potent immunosuppressive therapies, particularly calcineurin inhibitors, have greatly reduced the incidence of acute rejection. However, long-term allograft survival remains limited. We discuss the impact of acute rejection on long-term allograft survival and discuss other factors leading to late allograft loss, including calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, chronic allograft nephropathy, and BK virus nephropathy, as well as donor and recipient factors associated with long-term allograft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- JogiRaju Tantravahi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32601-0224, USA
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Roussey-Kesler G, Brouard S, Ballet C, Moizant F, Moreau A, Guillet M, Smit H, Usal C, Soulillou JP. Exhaustive Depletion of Graft Resident Dendritic Cells: Marginally Delayed Rejection but Strong Alteration of Graft Infiltration. Transplantation 2005; 80:506-13. [PMID: 16123726 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000168367.39204.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor dendritic cells (DDC) are believed to sustain direct recognition leading to acute allograft rejection. However, DDC are also required for tolerance induction in various models. METHODS We studied the effect of DDC depletion on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatched rat heart allografts in a strain combination characterized by a DDC-dependant tolerance induction. Grafts were depleted of DDC either by pretreating donors with cyclophosphamide (CyP) or by being parked in an intermediate recipient treated with cyclosporine A (CsA). RESULTS CyP depleted 95% of resident DC and no specific donor MHC class II staining was observed in parked grafts. Parked grafts survived significantly but only moderately longer than untreated grafts (10.8+/-1.9 days vs. 6.5+/-0.5 days; P<0.05). Compared to unmodified grafts, on day 5 after transplantation, the magnitude of the graft infiltrate was dramatically decreased in DDC-depleted grafts, with IgG deposition within the grafts at the time of rejection. In parallel, the cytokine transcript levels were also lower in these grafts on day 5, but reached levels similar to those of unmodified grafts by day 7, indicating a delayed pattern of rejection. CONCLUSIONS Taken collectively, these data suggest that DDC depletion has a greater effect on the capacity of tolerance induction than the rejection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Roussey-Kesler
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 643, Immunointervention dans les Allo et xenotransplantations and Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT), Nantes, France
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He C, Schenk S, Zhang Q, Valujskikh A, Bayer J, Fairchild RL, Heeger PS. Effects of T cell frequency and graft size on transplant outcome in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:240-7. [PMID: 14688331 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The features that determine whether graft-reactive T lymphocytes develop into effector cells capable of mediating organ destruction are not well understood. To investigate potential factors involved in this process, we first confirmed that female recipient mice acutely rejected minor Ag-disparate male skin, but not heart transplants. Despite this difference in outcome, heart and skin transplantation induced antidonor T cell responses of similar magnitude, specificity, and cytokine profile. The heart-graft-primed T cells transiently infiltrated the graft and ultimately induced the development of chronic transplant vasculopathy. Increasing the frequency of donor-reactive T cells by presensitization or by using TCR (CD8+ antimale)-transgenic recipients did not mediate acute rejection but accelerated the pace and severity of the vasculopathy. Surprisingly, decreasing the tissue mass of the donor heart by 50% resulted in acute rejection of these smaller grafts without increasing the frequency of antidonor effector T cells in the recipients. In complementary studies, placement of one or two male skin grafts on a single recipient did not affect the frequency or cytokine profile of the induced antimale T cell repertoire. Nonetheless, the recipients of single grafts acutely rejected the transplanted skin while the recipients of two skin grafts did not. These results provide new insight into the pathogenesis of transplant vasculopathy and provide an explanation for the difference in outcome between murine skin and heart transplants by highlighting the novel concept that the efficiency of transplant-reactive T cell immunity is heavily influenced by the tissue burden it encounters at the effector stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshui He
- Department of Immunology and Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Woltman AM, van Kooten C. Functional modulation of dendritic cells to suppress adaptive immune responses. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 73:428-41. [PMID: 12660217 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0902431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, dendritic cells (DCs) have entered the center court of immune regulation. Dependent on their ontogeny, state of differentiation, and maturation and thereby a variable expression of membrane-bound and soluble molecules, DCs can induce immunostimulatory as well as immunoregulatory responses. This dual function has made them potential targets in vaccine development in cancer and infections as well as for the prevention and treatment of allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases. The present review is focused on the effect of immune-modulatory factors, such as cytokines and immunosuppressive drugs, and on the survival, differentiation, migration, and maturation of DC human subsets. A better understanding of DC immunobiology may lead to the development of specific therapies to prevent or dampen immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Woltman
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Coates PTH, Barratt-Boyes SM, Donnenberg AD, Morelli AE, Murphey-Corb M, Thomson AW. Strategies for preclinical evaluation of dendritic cell subsets for promotion of transplant tolerance in the nonhuman primate. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:955-65. [PMID: 12368048 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A role for dendritic cells (DC) as critical regulators of immune reactivity has become increasingly recognized. There is evidence in rodent models that donor-derived DC, particularly in the immature state, can prolong organ allograft survival and even induce donor-specific tolerance. To allow the potential tolerogenic properties of these cells to be evaluated more fully with a view to clinical testing, it is necessary to identify DC subsets in nonhuman primates. We have identified the putative rhesus monkey equivalents of circulating human DC subset precursors as lineage(-), HLA-DR(+), CD123(lo),CD11c(hi)(pDC1) and lineage(-), HLA-DR(+), CD123(hi),CD11c(lo)(pDC2). Testing of these DC populations both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in transplant models in combination with conventional or experimental immunosuppressive reagents, will aid the development of novel strategies for the promotion of allo-antigen specific tolerance in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Toby H Coates
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lathrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Organ transplant rejection is mediated largely by circulating peripheral leukocytes induced to infiltrate the graft by various inflammatory stimuli. Of these, chemotactic cytokines called chemokines, expressed by inflamed graft tissues, as well as by early innate-responding leukocytes that infiltrate the graft, are responsible for the recruitment of alloreactive leukocytes. This report discusses the impact of these leukocyte-directing proteins on transplant outcome and novel therapeutic approaches for antirejection therapy based on targeting of chemokines and/or their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget L Colvin
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, and Inmunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
The ultimate goal of clinical organ transplantation is to induce immunological tolerance to the allograft. Dendritic cells, the main antigen-presenting cells, are a complex system including numerous subsets, capable of inducing T-cell activation, and thus initiating an immune response, but also of inducing tolerance. In organ transplantation, the problem is even more complex because of the coexistence of dendritic cells from the donor, responsible for direct recognition of foreign antigens by T cells, and dendritic cells from the recipient, responsible for indirect antigen presentation to host T cells. Among the various methods of immunomanipulation aiming at inducing tolerance, blockade of the second signal pathway by monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD28, anti-B7, anti CD40, anti-CD40L, CTLA4-Ig) has yielded promising but incomplete results. Viral transfection of recipient immature dendritic cells encoding for immunosuppressive or apoptotic molecules, such as interleukin 10, transforming growth factor-beta, CTLA4-Ig, or Fas ligand, is also able to induce hyporesponsiveness. Another very promising method consists of associating donor cells (bone marrow cells, CD34+ cells, dendritic cells) and polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD4, anti-CD40L, CTLA4-Ig) to induce microchimerism and partial tolerance. Reflecting on these data would seem to be an interesting direction for future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Rifle
- Department of Nephrology-Intensive Care-Transplantation and UPRES EA563, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived cells of both lymphoid and myeloid stem cell origin that populate all lymphoid organs including the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as nearly all nonlymphoid tissues and organs. Although DCs are a moderately diverse set of cells, they all have potent antigen-presenting capacity for stimulating naive, memory, and effector T cells. DCs are members of the innate immune system in that they can respond to dangers in the host environment by immediately generating protective cytokines. Most important, immature DCs respond to danger signals in the microenvironment by maturing, i.e., differentiating, and acquiring the capacity to direct the development of primary immune responses appropriate to the type of danger perceived. The powerful adjuvant activity that DCs possess in stimulating specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses has made them targets in vaccine development strategies for the prevention and treatment of infections, allograft reactions, allergic and autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This review addresses the origins and migration of DCs to their sites of activity, their basic biology as antigen-presenting cells, their roles in important human diseases and, finally, selected strategies being pursued to harness their potent antigen-stimulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Lipscomb
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-5301, USA.
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