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Martínez N, Damiano AE. Aquaporins in Fetal Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:251-266. [PMID: 36717499 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Water homeostasis is essential for fetal growth, and it depends on the successful development of the placenta. Many aquaporins (AQPs) were identified from blastocyst stages to term placenta. In the last years, cytokines, hormones, second messengers, intracellular pH, and membrane proteins were found to regulate their expression and function in the human placenta and fetal membranes. Accumulated data suggest that these proteins may be involved not only in the maintenance of the amniotic fluid volume homeostasis but also in the development of the placenta and fetal organs. In this sense, dysregulation of placental AQPs is associated with gestational disorders. Thus, current evidence shows that AQPs may collaborate in cellular events including trophoblast migration and apoptosis. In addition, aquaglyceroporins are involved in energy metabolism as well as urea elimination across the placenta. In the last year, the presence of AQP9 in trophoblast mitochondria opened new hypotheses about its role in pregnancy. However, much further work is needed to understand the importance of these proteins in human pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-CONICET-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia E Damiano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-CONICET-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Biología Celulary Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Minuth W. In Search of Imprints Left by the Impairment of Nephrogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:69-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000504085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical aspects dealing with the impairment of nephrogenesis in preterm and low birth weight babies were intensely researched. In this context it was shown that quite different noxae can harm nephron formation, and that the morphological damage in the fetal kidney is rather complex. Some pathological findings show that the impairment leads to changes in developing glomeruli that are restricted to the maturation zone of the outer cortex in the fetal human kidney. Other data show also imprints on the stages of nephron anlage including the niche, the pretubular aggregate, the renal vesicle, and comma- and S-shaped bodies located in the overlying nephrogenic zone of the rodent and human kidneys. During our investigations it was noticed that the stages of nephron anlage in the fetal human kidney during the phase of late gestation have not been described in detail. To contribute, these stages were recorded along with corresponding images. The initial nephron formation in the rodent kidney served as a reference. Finally, the known imprints left by the impairment in both specimens were listed and discussed. In sum, the relatively paucity of data on nephron formation in the fetal human kidney during the late phase of gestation is a call to start with intense research so that concepts for a therapeutic prolongation of nephrogenesis can be designed.
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Orlowski S, Flees J, Anthony N, Dridi S. Differential expression of water channel- and noncoding RNA biogenesis-related genes in three lines of chickens under a short-term water restriction. Poult Sci 2017; 96:4172-4181. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Nine V A M Knoers
- From the Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (N.V.A.M.K.), and the Department of Physiology and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (R.J.B.) - both in the Netherlands
| | - René J Bindels
- From the Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht (N.V.A.M.K.), and the Department of Physiology and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen (R.J.B.) - both in the Netherlands
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Wu J, Gao Y. Physiological conditions can be reflected in human urine proteome and metabolome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:623-36. [PMID: 26472227 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1094380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with physiological or pathophysiological processes. Urine, unlike blood, lacks mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis: it is therefore an ideal source of biomarkers that can reflect systemic changes. Urinary proteome and metabolome have been studied for their diagnostic capabilities, ability to monitor disease and prognostic utility. In this review, the effects of common physiological conditions such as gender, age, diet, daily rhythms, exercise, hormone status, lifestyle and extreme environments on human urine are discussed. These effects should be considered when biomarker studies of diseases are conducted. More importantly, if physiological changes can be reflected in urine, we have reason to expect that urine will become widely used to detect small and early changes in pathological and/or pharmacological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- a 1 Department of Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- a 1 Department of Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,b 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100875, China
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Fang YW, Yang SS, Chau T, Nakamura M, Yamazaki O, Seki G, Yamada H, Hsu HM, Cheng CJ, Lin SH. Therapeutic effect of prenatal alkalization and PTC124 in Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter 1 p.W516* knock-in mice. Gene Ther 2015; 22:374-81. [PMID: 25716530 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We created Na(+)/HCO3(-) cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) p.W516* knock-in mice as a model of isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis showing early lethality associated with severe metabolic acidosis to investigate the therapeutic effects of prenatal alkalization or posttranscriptional control 124 (PTC124). NBCe1(W516*/W516*) mice were treated with non-alkalization (control, n=12), prenatal alkalization postcoitus (prenatal group, n=7) and postnatal alkalization from postnatal day 6 (postnatal group, n=12). Mutation-specific therapy, PTC124 (60 mg kg(-1)) or gentamicin (30 mg kg(-1)), was administered intraperitoneally from postnatal day 6. Blood and urine biochemistry, acid-base analysis, survival rate and renal histology were examined. NBCe1 protein, mRNA abundance and activity ex vivo were assessed after PTC124 and gentamicin treatment. Prenatal group mice had similar initial body weight to wild-type mice and achieved significant weight gain thereafter compared with controls. They had higher serum bicarbonate level (15.5 ± 1.4 vs 5.5 ± 0.1 mmol l(-1), P<0.05) on postnatal day 14 and better renal function, histology and survival rates (60.8 ± 23.5 vs 41.1 ± 15.8 days, P<0.05) than the postnatal group. Compared with the control and gentamicin therapies, PTC124 therapy significantly increased NBCe1 protein abundance despite unchanged mRNA transcription. Only PTC124 therapy significantly increased survival rate and partially rescued NBCe1 activity ex vivo. In NBCe1(W516*/W516*) mice, prenatal alkali therapy achieved higher survival rates and ameliorated organ dysfunction. PTC124 therapy for this nonsense mutation was partially effective in increasing NBCe1 expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-W Fang
- 1] Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-S Yang
- 1] Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Chau
- Department of Medicine, Providence St Vincent Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Seki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H-M Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-J Cheng
- 1] Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-H Lin
- 1] Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang Z, Li M. Evolution of the Urinary Proteome During Human Renal Development and Maturation. URINE PROTEOMICS IN KIDNEY DISEASE BIOMARKER DISCOVERY 2015; 845:95-101. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9523-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Bobulescu IA, Moe OW. Renal transport of uric acid: evolving concepts and uncertainties. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2012; 19:358-71. [PMID: 23089270 PMCID: PMC3619397 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role as a metabolic waste product, uric acid has been proposed to be an important molecule with multiple functions in human physiologic and pathophysiologic processes and may be linked to human diseases beyond nephrolithiasis and gout. Uric acid homeostasis is determined by the balance between production, intestinal secretion, and renal excretion. The kidney is an important regulator of circulating uric acid levels by reabsorbing about 90% of filtered urate and being responsible for 60% to 70% of total body uric acid excretion. Defective renal handling of urate is a frequent pathophysiologic factor underpinning hyperuricemia and gout. Despite tremendous advances over the past decade, the molecular mechanisms of renal urate transport are still incompletely understood. Many transport proteins are candidate participants in urate handling, with URAT1 and GLUT9 being the best characterized to date. Understanding these transporters is increasingly important for the practicing clinician as new research unveils their physiologic characteristics, importance in drug action, and genetic association with uric acid levels in human populations. The future may see the introduction of new drugs that act specifically on individual renal urate transporters for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Alexandru Bobulescu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology and the Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA.
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Scholl UI, Dave HB, Lu M, Farhi A, Nelson-Williams C, Listman JA, Lifton RP. SeSAME/EAST syndrome--phenotypic variability and delayed activity of the distal convoluted tubule. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:2081-2090. [PMID: 22907601 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the K(+) channel KCNJ10 (Kir4.1) cause an autosomal recessive syndrome featuring seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance (SeSAME). Kir4.1 localizes to the basolateral membrane of the renal distal convoluted tubule, and its loss of function mimics renal features of Gitelman syndrome, with hypokalemic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalciuria. Presentation early in life due to seizures provides an opportunity to investigate the development of the electrolyte defect with age. METHODS We used DNA sequencing, electrophysiology, confocal imaging, and biochemistry to identify a new KCNJ10 mutation in a previously unreported family and determine its impact on channel function. We examined medical records to follow the development of electrolyte disorders with age. RESULTS The four affected members were all homozygous for a novel T57I mutation that confers biochemical loss-of-function. Electrolytes in affected children were normal in the first years of life but showed significant worsening with age, resulting in clinically significant defects at age 5-8 years. Similar findings were seen in other SeSAME patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for a delayed activity of salt reabsorption by the distal convoluted tubule and suggest an explanation for the delayed clinical presentation of subjects with Gitelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute I Scholl
- Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Haatal B Dave
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ming Lu
- Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Anita Farhi
- Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Carol Nelson-Williams
- Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - James A Listman
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. .,Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., SHM I308, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Moritz KM, Singh RR, Probyn ME, Denton KM. Developmental programming of a reduced nephron endowment: more than just a baby's birth weight. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 296:F1-9. [PMID: 18653482 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00049.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing many adult-onset diseases, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and renal disease, is increased in low-birth-weight individuals. A potential underlying mechanism contributing to the onset of these diseases is the formation of a low nephron endowment during development. Evidence from the human, as well as many experimental animal models, has shown a strong association between low birth weight and a reduced nephron endowment. However, other animal models, particularly those in which the mother is exposed to elevated glucocorticoids for a short period, have shown a 20-40% reduction in nephron endowment without discernible changes in the birth weight of offspring. Such findings emphasize that a low birth weight is one, but certainly not the only, predictor of nephron endowment and suggests reduced nephron endowment and risk of developing adult-onset disease, even among normal-birth-weight individuals. Recognition of the dissociation between birth weight and nephron endowment is important for future studies aimed at elucidating the role of a reduced nephron endowment in the developmental programming of adult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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Jouret F, Pirson Y. Ingénierie tissulaire du parenchyme rénal. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:561-3. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20082467561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jacquillet G, Barbier O, Rubera I, Tauc M, Borderie A, Namorado MC, Martin D, Sierra G, Reyes JL, Poujeol P, Cougnon M. Cadmium causes delayed effects on renal function in the offspring of cadmium-contaminated pregnant female rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293:F1450-60. [PMID: 17686954 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00223.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult rat, chronic cadmium intoxication induces nephropathy with Fanconi-like features. This result raises the question of whether intoxication of pregnant rats has any deleterious effects on renal function in their offspring. To test this hypothesis, we measured the renal function of 2- to 60-day-old postnatal offspring from female rats administered cadmium chloride by the oral route (0.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) throughout their entire gestation. Investigations of rat offspring from contaminated pregnant rats showed the presence of cadmium in the kidney at gestational day 20. After birth, the cadmium kidney concentration increased from postnatal day 2 to day 60 (PND2 to PND60), presumably because of 1) milk contamination and 2) neonatal liver cadmium content release. Although the renal parameters (glomerular filtration, U/P inulin, and urinary excretion rate) were not significantly affected until PND45, renal failure appeared at PND60, as demonstrated by a dramatic decrease of the glomerular filtration rate associated with increased excretion of the main ions. In parallel, an immunofluorescence study of tight-junction protein expression of PND60 offspring from contaminated rats showed a disorganization of the tight-junction proteins claudin-2 and claudin-5, specifically expressed in the proximal tubule and glomerulus, respectively. In contrast, expression of a distal claudin protein, claudin-3, was not affected. In conclusion, in utero exposure of cadmium leads to toxic renal effects in adult offspring. These results suggest that contamination of pregnant rats is a serious and critical hazard for renal function of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jacquillet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6548, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Song HK, Kim WY, Lee HW, Park EY, Han KH, Nielsen S, Madsen KM, Kim J. Origin and fate of pendrin-positive intercalated cells in developing mouse kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:2672-82. [PMID: 17855646 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendrin is an apical anion exchanger found in type B and nonA-nonB intercalated cells that is involved in bicarbonate secretion. The purpose of this study was to establish the origin and fate of pendrin-positive intercalated cells in the mouse kidney. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that pendrin-positive cells first appeared in the connecting tubule at embryonic day 14 (E14) and subsequently in the medullary collecting duct at E18. Most of the pendrin-positive cells in the connecting tubule were nonA-nonB intercalated cells, wheras those in the medullary collecting duct were type B intercalated cells. In the cortical collecting duct, pendrin-positive cells appeared in the inner part at day 4 after birth and in the outer part at day 7. Pendrin-positive cells gradually disappeared by apoptosis from the inner part of the medullary collecting duct two weeks after birth. Using 5-bromo-2'deoxy-uridine (BrdU) to follow cell proliferation, we determined that selective proliferation of pendrin-positive intercalated cells does not occur; instead, these cells may arise from undifferentiated precursor cells from separate foci, one in the connecting tubule and one in the collecting duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kuk Song
- Department of Anatomy and Death Disease Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kurth I, Hentschke M, Hentschke S, Borgmeyer U, Gal A, Hübner C. The forkhead transcription factor Foxi1 directly activates the AE4 promoter. Biochem J 2006; 393:277-83. [PMID: 16159312 PMCID: PMC1383686 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intercalated cells are highly specialized cells within the renal collecting duct epithelium and play an important role in systemic acid-base homoeostasis. Whereas type A intercalated cells secrete protons via an apically localized H+-ATPase, type B intercalated cells secrete HCO3-. Type B intercalated cells specifically express the HCO3-/Cl- exchanger AE4 (anion exchanger 4), encoded by Slc4a9. Mice with a targeted disruption of the gene for the forkhead transcription factor Foxi1 display renal tubular acidosis due to an intercalated cell-differentiation defect. Collecting duct cells in these mice are characterized by the absence of inter-calated cell markers including AE4. To test whether Slc4a9 is a direct target gene of Foxi1, an AE4 promoter construct was generated for a cell-based reporter gene assay. Co-transfection with the Foxi1 cDNA resulted in an approx. 100-fold activation of the AE4 promoter construct. By truncating the AE4 promoter at the 5'-end, we demonstrate that a fragment of approx. 462 bp upstream of the transcription start point is sufficient to mediate activation by Foxi1. Sequence analysis of this region revealed at least eight potential binding sites for Foxi1 in both sense and antisense orientation. Only one element was bound by recombinant Foxi1 protein in bandshift assays. Mutation of this site abolished both binding in bandshift assays and transcriptional activation by co-transfection of Foxi1 in the reporter gene assay. We thus identify the AE4 promoter as a direct target of Foxi1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Kurth
- *Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 42, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Hentschke
- *Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 42, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Suna Hentschke
- *Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 42, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Borgmeyer
- †Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg (ZMNH), Universität Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gal
- *Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 42, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian A. Hübner
- *Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 42, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Abstract
Water homeostasis during fetal development is of crucial physiologic importance. It depends upon maternal fetal fluid exchange at the placenta and fetal membranes, and some exchange between fetus and amniotic fluid can occur across the skin before full keratinization. Lungs only grow and develop normally with fluid secretion, and there is evidence that cerebral spinal fluid formation is important in normal brain development. The aquaporins are a growing family of molecular water channels, the ontogeny of which is starting to be explored. One question that is of particular importance is how well does the rodent (mouse, rat) fetus serve as a model for long-gestation mammals such as sheep and human? This is particularly important for organs such as the lung and the kidney, whose development before birth is very much less in rodents than in the long-gestation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishu Liu
- Guangzhou Obstetric and Gynecology Institute, Second Municipal Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - E Marelyn Wintour
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Bonnici B, Wagner CA. Postnatal expression of transport proteins involved in acid-base transport in mouse kidney. Pflugers Arch 2004; 448:16-28. [PMID: 14758480 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-003-1227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The kidney plays a major role in maintaining and controlling systemic acid-base homeostasis by reabsorbing bicarbonate and secreting protons and acid-equivalents, respectively. During postnatal kidney development and adaptation to changing diets, plasma bicarbonate levels are increasing, the capacity for urinary acidification maturates, and the final morphology and distribution of intercalated cells is achieved. In adult kidney, at least two types of intercalated cells (IC) are found along the collecting duct characterised either by the expression of AE1 (type A IC) or pendrin (non-type A IC) where non-type A IC are found only in the convoluted distal tubule, connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct. Here we investigated in mouse kidney the relative mRNA abundance, protein expression levels and distribution of several proteins involved in renal acid-base transport, namely, the Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter NBC1 (SLC4A4), the Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger NHE3 (SLC9A3), two subunits of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase [ATP6V0A4 (a4), ATP6V1B1 (B1)], the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers AE1 (SLC4A1) and pendrin (SLC26A4). Relative mRNA abundance of all transport proteins was lowest at day 3 after birth and increased thereafter in parallel with protein levels. The numbers of type A and non-type A IC in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) increased from day 3 to days 18 and 24, whereas the number of IC in the CCD with apical staining for the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase subunits a4 and B1 decreased from day 3 to days 18 and 24, respectively. In addition, cells with characteristics of non-type A IC (pendrin expression, basolateral expression of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase subunits) were found in the inner and outer medulla 3 days after birth but were absent from the medulla of 24-day-old mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate massive changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of several acid-base transporters during postnatal kidney maturation and also show changes in intercalated cell phenotype in the medulla during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Bonnici
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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