1
|
Makovich Z, Radosavljevic I, Chapyala S, Handley G, Pena L, Mok S, Friedman M. Rationale for Hepatitis C Virus Treatment During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in the Era of Novel Direct-Acting Antivirals. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08541-3. [PMID: 38990268 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Untreated hepatitis C (HCV) infection in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can lead to worse outcomes. Traditionally, HSCT patients infected with HCV would wait until after immune reconstitution to receive HCV therapy, as the oncologic urgency of transplant would not allow time for a full preceding treatment course of HCV therapy. However, in the era of newer direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), we propose that concomitant treatment of HCV while undergoing HSCT is safe and feasible, while keeping in mind potential drug-drug interactions. METHODS A literature review was performed to summarize the available data on the impact of HCV on patients undergoing HSCT. Drug-drug interactions for DAA's and pertinent HSCT drugs were evaluated using Lexicomp online® and http://hep-druginteractions.org . RESULTS During HSCT, HCV appears to be a conditional risk factor for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and a potential risk factor for graft versus host disease, both of which are associated with increased mortality. HCV reactivation and exacerbation may impact the use of chemotherapeutics, but available studies haven't shown impact specifically on HSCT. Limited case reports exist but demonstrate safe and effective use DAAs during HSCT. These, along with a drug-drug interaction review demonstrate agents such as sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir are promising DAAs for use in HSCT. CONCLUSION HCV infection may worsen outcomes for patients undergoing HSCT. Concomitant treatment of HCV during HSCT using newer DAAs appears feasible and may improve patient morbidity and mortality, however large-scale studies are needed to further support this practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Makovich
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
| | - Ivana Radosavljevic
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Shreya Chapyala
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Guy Handley
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Luis Pena
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shaffer Mok
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mark Friedman
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ullah S, Naveed M, Ali A, Bibi S, Idrees W, Rafique S, Idrees M, Waqas M, Uddin J, Jan A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Assessment of ubiquitin specific Peptidase-18 gene in peripheral blood of chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24581. [PMID: 38298711 PMCID: PMC10828700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains one of the leading causes of liver complications globally. Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase-18 (USP18) is a ubiquitin-specific protease that cleaves interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) from ISGylated protein complexes and is involved in regulating interferon responsiveness. To study the effect of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) on the USP18 gene using qPCR, 132 participants were recruited and classified into different groups based on treatment duration. USP18 expression was raised compared to rapid virologic response (RVR) and early virologic response (EVR) groups with P = 0.0026 and P = 0.0016, respectively. USP18 was found to be 7.36 folds higher in naïve patients than those with RVR and sustained viral response (SVR). In RVR and SVR groups where patients had cleared HCV RNA after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) therapy, the expression of USP18 was found to be low, with a fold change of 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively. Expression of USP18 was significantly higher in the non-RVR group than in the RVR group. In the No EVR group, gene expression was significantly higher than in the EVR group. It is concluded that targeting HCV proteins using DAAs can cause USP18 expression to be normalized more effectively. Moreover, USP18 is a vital marker indicating treatment resistance and distinguishing responders from non-responders during DAA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Molecular Virology laboratory Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Naveed
- Molecular Virology laboratory Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Molecular Virology laboratory Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Bibi
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Idrees
- Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Division of Molecular Virology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Molecular Virology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Vice Chancellor, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu G, Chang L, Qian Y, Lin J, Shang Z, Xu M, Wang F, Sun X, Jiang Y, Gao Y, Kong X. Quantitative proteomics reveals Polygonum perfoliatum L. ameliorates hepatic steatosis by promoting PPARs/CPT1A/CPT2-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1016129. [PMID: 37033635 PMCID: PMC10076547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1016129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominant contributor to end-stage liver disease in the forthcoming decades. Polygonum perfoliatum L. (PPL) is an herbal medicine with anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory properties. However, detailed hepatoprotective effects of PPL against NAFLD and its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that PPL protects against high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation, and glucose-lipid metabolism dysfunction in NAFLD mice. We therefore performed a label-free quantitative proteomic profiling analysis to determine the effect of PPL treatment on liver tissue proteomics and identified that activated PPARs/CPT1A/CPT2-mediated hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) process was significantly altered. In vitro treatment of hepatocytes with PPL confirmed this altered process and FAO inhibitor etomoxir (ETO) attenuated the lipid-lowering activity of PPL in hepatocytes. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/Q Exactive-HFX (UPLC/QE-HFX) was used to determine the material basis of anti-NAFLD activity of PPL. Our results have demonstrated the efficacy and potential mechanisms of PPL as an effective pharmacological therapy of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Liu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Shang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Jiang, ; Yueqiu Gao, ; Xiaoni Kong,
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Jiang, ; Yueqiu Gao, ; Xiaoni Kong,
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Jiang, ; Yueqiu Gao, ; Xiaoni Kong,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tamura YO, Sugama J, Iwasaki S, Sasaki M, Yasuno H, Aoyama K, Watanabe M, Erion DM, Yashiro H. Selective acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 inhibitor improves hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis in a pre-clinical NASH model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:280-289. [PMID: 34535562 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 and ACC2 are essential rate-limiting enzymes that synthesize malonyl-CoA (M-CoA) from acetyl-CoA. ACC1 is predominantly expressed in lipogenic tissues and regulates the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) flux. It is upregulated in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ultimately leading to the formation of fatty liver. Therefore, selective ACC1 inhibitors may prevent the pathophysiology of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by reducing hepatic fat, inflammation, and fibrosis. Many studies have suggested ACC1/2 dual inhibitors for treating NAFLD/NASH; however, reports on selective ACC1 inhibitors are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of compound-1, a selective ACC1 inhibitor for treating NAFLD/NASH, using pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo models. Compound-1 reduced M-CoA content and inhibited the incorporation of [14C] acetate into fatty acids in HepG2 cells. Additionally, it reduced hepatic M-CoA content and inhibited DNL in C57BL/6J mice after a single dose. Further, compound-1 treatment for 8 weeks in western diet-fed melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) knockout mice-NAFLD/NASH mouse model-improved liver hypertrophy and reduced hepatic triglyceride content. The reduction of hepatic M-CoA by the selective ACC1 inhibitor was highly correlated with reduction in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. These findings support further investigations of the use of this ACC1 inhibitor as a new treatment for NFLD/NASH. Significance Statement This is the first study to demonstrate that a novel selective inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) has anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and anti-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) effects in pre-clinical models. Treatment with this compound significantly improved hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in a mouse model. These findings support the use of this ACC1 inhibitor as a new treatment for NAFLD/NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Okano Tamura
- Strategy Planning Office, Takeda Development Center Japan, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Derek M Erion
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abo El-Khair SM, El-Alfy HA, Elsamanoudy AZ, Elhammady D, Abd-Elfattah N, Eldeek B, Farid K. Development of a novel glycated protein-based fibrosis prediction score for determination of significant liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients, a preliminary study. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3525-3533. [PMID: 32558950 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of glycated albumin (GA), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and a number of routine biomarkers as noninvasive indicators of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). One hundred patients with CHC were subjected to full medical history and examination, in addition to ultrasound-guided liver biopsy and histopathological examination for assessment of liver fibrosis stage. GA and HbA1c values, GA/HbA1c ratio, liver function tests, complete blood count, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were determined. A novel noninvasive index, dubbed Fibrosis Prediction Score (FPS), was selected for predicting significant liver fibrosis based on total bilirubin, glycated albumin, platelet count, age, and AFP. A validation study for FPS was applied on archival data which include 66 diabetics' patients. The FPS had area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 for classification of patients with significant fibrosis with 81% sensitivity and 95% specificity. The AUCs of FPS in predicting advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.86 and 0.82, respectively. Comparison of AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and FIB-4 with FPS indicated increased sensitivity and specificity of FPS over APRI and FIB4 in both significant and advanced fibrosis. FPS has a good sensitivity and specificity for prediction of significant and advanced liver fibrosis in patients with CHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salwa M Abo El-Khair
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A El-Alfy
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Z Elsamanoudy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Elhammady
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nahed Abd-Elfattah
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bassem Eldeek
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Talkha, Egypt
| | - Khaled Farid
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dessie ZG, Zewotir T, Mwambi H, North D. Modeling Viral Suppression, Viral Rebound and State-Specific Duration of HIV Patients with CD4 Count Adjustment: Parametric Multistate Frailty Model Approach. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:367-388. [PMID: 32318999 PMCID: PMC7237593 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination antiretroviral therapy has become the standard care of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and has further led to a dramatically decreased progression probability to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) for patients under such a therapy. However, responses of the patients to this therapy have recorded heterogeneous complexity and high dynamism. In this paper, we simultaneously model long-term viral suppression, viral rebound, and state-specific duration of HIV-infected patients. METHODS Full-parametric and semi-parametric Markov multistate models were applied to assess the effects of covariates namely TB co-infection, educational status, marital status, age, quality of life (QoL) scores, white and red blood cell parameters, and liver enzyme abnormality on long-term viral suppression, viral rebound and state-specific duration for HIV-infected individuals before and after treatment. Furthermore, two models, one including and another excluding the effect of the frailty, were presented and compared in this study. RESULTS Results from the diagnostic plots, Akaike information criterion (AIC) and likelihood ratio test showed that the Weibull multistate frailty model fitted significantly better than the exponential and semi-parametric multistate models. Viral rebound was found to be significantly associated with many sex partners, higher eosinophils count, younger age, lower educational level, higher monocyte counts, having abnormal neutrophils count, and higher liver enzyme abnormality. Furthermore, viral suppression was also found to be significantly associated with higher QoL scores, and having a stable sex partner. The analysis result also showed that patients with a stable sex partner, higher educational levels, higher QoL scores, lower eosinophils count, lower monocyte counts, and higher RBC indices were more likely to spend more time in undetectable viral load state. CONCLUSIONS To achieve and maintain the UNAIDS 90% suppression targets, additional interventions are required to optimize antiretroviral therapy outcomes, specifically targeting those with poor clinical characteristics, lower education, younger age, and those with many sex partners. From a methodological perspective, the parametric multistate approach with frailty is a flexible approach for modeling time-varying variables, allowing for dealing with heterogeneity between the sequence of transitions, as well as allowing for a reasonable degree of flexibility with a few additional parameters, which then aids in gaining a better insight into how factors change over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem G Dessie
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Henry Mwambi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Delia North
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alhajeri H, Abutiban F, Al-Adsani W, Al-Awadhi A, Aldei A, AlEnizi A, Alhadhood N, Al-Herz A, Alkandari W, Dehrab A, Muhanna Ghanem AA, Hasan E, Hayat S, Saleh K, Tarakmeh H, Ali Y. Kuwait association of rheumatology 2018 treatment recommendations for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1483-1497. [PMID: 31309293 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Kuwait Association of Rheumatology (KAR) aimed to develop a set of recommendations for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), tailored to the unique patient population and healthcare system of Kuwait. Each recommendation was developed based on expert opinion and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines from other international and national rheumatology societies. Online surveys were conducted to collate feedback on each KAR member's level of agreement (LoA) with definitions of disease-/treatment-related terms used and the draft recommendations. Definitions/recommendations achieving a pre-defined cut-off value of ≥ 70% agreement were accepted for inclusion. Remaining statements were discussed and revised at a face-to-face meeting, with further modifications until consensus was reached. A final online survey was used to collect feedback on each KAR member's LoA with the final set of recommendation statements on a scale of 0 (complete disagreement) to 10 (complete agreement). Group consensus was achieved on 66 recommendation statements, including 3 overarching principles addressing the pharmacological treatment and management of RA. Recommendations focused on treatment of early RA, established RA, patients with high-risk comorbidities, women during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and screening and treatment of opportunistic infections. The KAR 2018 Treatment Recommendations for RA reported here are based on a synthesis of other national/international guidelines, supporting literature, and expert consensus considering the Kuwaiti healthcare system and RA patient population. These recommendations aim to inform the clinical decisions of rheumatologists treating patients in Kuwait, and to promote best practices, enhance alignment and improve the treatment experience for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adel Al-Awadhi
- Department of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Aldei
- Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaser Ali
- Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Jabriya, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tiwari A, Rajvanshi C, Dorwal P, Mehra S. Use of liver enzymes as a surrogate marker for monitoring treatment of hepatitis C virus disease. GLOBAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_36_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
|
9
|
Wang SC, Chung RH, Kuo HW, Liu TH, Fang CP, Liu SC, Liu CC, Tsou HH, Chen ACH, Liu YL. GRK5 Is Associated with the Regulation of Methadone Dosage in Heroin Dependence. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:910-917. [PMID: 30060048 PMCID: PMC6165957 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no countable biomarker for opioid dependence treatment responses thus far. In this study, we recruited Taiwanese methadone maintenance treatment patients to search for genes involving the regulatory mechanisms of methadone dose by genome-wide association analyses. Methods A total of 344 Taiwanese methadone maintenance treatment patients were included in a genome-wide association study. The involvement of GRK5 in opioid dependence was then further confirmed by gene expression study on lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 3 independent age- and gender-matched groups: methadone maintenance treatment patients, medication-free former heroin abusers, and normal controls. Results The results indicated that GRK5, the gene encoding an enzyme related to μ-opioid receptor desensitization, is associated with methadone dose by additive model of gene-based association analysis (P=6.76×10-5). We found that 6 of the 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms from the genome-wide genotype platform and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms from the 29 additionally selected single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with methadone maintenance dose in both genotype and allele type (P ≤ .006), especially in patients who tested negative in the urine morphine test. The levels of GRK5 gene expression were similar between methadone maintenance treatment patients and medication-free former heroin abusers. However, the normal controls showed a significantly lower level of GRK5 gene expression than the other groups (P=.019). Conclusions The results suggested an important role for GRK5 in the regulatory mechanisms of methadone dose and course of heroin dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chang Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Fang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu Chih Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Andrew C H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Manhasset, New York
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides associated with whole body vibration exercises alters the feed intake in Wistar rats. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170846. [PMID: 28784934 PMCID: PMC5563538 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of treatment involving the use of a natural product and whole body vibration (WBV) exercise have been investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the joint treatment with an aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides and WBV on physiological parameters in rats. Wistar rats (n=20) were divided equally into four groups: control group (CG), treated with C. ambrosioides (CHE) group, exposed to 50 Hz of mechanial vibration (VBR), and treated with C. ambrosioides and exposed to 50 Hz of mechanical vibration (VBR + CHE) daily for 6 weeks. The body mass of the animals was determined weekly, the feed intake and the stool consistency were measured daily. One day after the 6 weeks of treatment, samples of blood were collected and used for biochemical analysis. Along 6 weeks, there was an increase (P<0.001) in the feed intake in VBR group and a decrease in the CHE group in comparison with other groups. The levels of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in VBR + CHE group decreased (P<0.05) in comparison with other groups. No differences were found in body mass and stool consistency. WBV altered the feed intake without directly affecting the body mass. Moreover, WBV in association with C. ambrosioides caused alteration in the enzymatic activity of AST.
Collapse
|
11
|
Makhlouf MM, Osman MA, Saleh SAB, Yousry WA, Soliman ML, Doss WH, Wahba FS. Serum angiopoietin-2 as a noninvasive diagnostic marker of stages of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-7782.203293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
12
|
Xu Z, Lin JZ, Lin GL, Wei FF, Liu J, Zhao ZX, Zhang Y, Ke WM, Zhang XH. Hepatitis C virus load in parenchyma cells correlates with hepatic injury in infected patients. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:155-159. [PMID: 28123484 PMCID: PMC5245088 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) load and hepatic injury in HCV-infected patients has been extensively investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the association between HCV load in hepatic parenchyma cells and hepatic injury in HCV-infected patients. A total of 56 HCV-infected patients were included in the present retrospective study. The serum HCV mRNA was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while the hepatic parenchyma cell volume and HCV mRNA in hepatic parenchyma cells were also determined. Hepatic injury was evaluated on the basis of the severity of inflammation and fibrosis. The results demonstrated that there were evident differences in the mean serum HCV RNA levels and the HCV load/parenchyma cell volume among the various grades of hepatic inflammation (G1-G4) when groups with the least and most inflammation were compared (G1 vs. G4; P<0.05). Significant differences in the HCV load existed between groups divided according to the fibrosis grade; in addition, differences existed between fibrosis grades S1 and S2, and S2 and S4 when comparing serum HCV RNA levels (P<0.05). Similarly, differences existed between every two fibrosis stages (S0 vs. S4, S2 vs. S3, and S2 vs. S4; P<0.05) when viral loads and parenchyma cell volumes were compared (F=2.860, P<0.05). Furthermore, the fibrosis staging was correlated with the viral load/parenchyma cell volume (F=2.670, P<0.05). In conclusion, hepatic fibrosis grade was found to be associated with HCV load in parenchyma cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that the viral load in parenchyma cells is a more appropriate index compared with the serum viral load for evaluating HCV replication in hepatocytes, and may function as an important factor in HCV-infected hepatic injury evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zong Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Lingnan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Li Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Ke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bai G, Yan G, Wang G, Wan P, Zhang R. Anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of a novel turtle shell decoction by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell proliferation and blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in rats. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2902-2910. [PMID: 27633729 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF), a wound-healing response to a variety of chronic stimuli, is characterized by the excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and eventually the development of hepatic cirrhosis. Turtle shell pill (TSP) is a common traditional Chinese medicine used for preventing and treating HF and early hepatic cirrhosis, but its side-effects and the shortage of ingredients limit its clinical application. In addition, its mechanism of action is not clear. In the present study, we first improved the original formula of TSP to produce a novel turtle shell decoction (NTSD) with less toxicity and easier accessible materials. In a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HF rat model, we observed that NTSD and TSP had similar effects on the improvement of liver functions in rats, including a decrease in serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) serum concentrations and increased albumin content in addition to a marked attenuation of CCl4-induced liver damage and fibrosis. NTSD containing rat serum inhibited rat liver stellate cell line HSC-T6 cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the NTSD treatment significantly decreased the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Smad3 gene expression and increased inhibitory Smad7 gene expression in liver tissues of HF rats, suggesting that NTSD inhibited the ECM expression of HSC by downregulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. The results of our rat model study revealed that NTSD showed good in vitro and in vivo anti-HF effects via proliferation inhibition and the induction of apoptosis of HSCs and blocked the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganping Bai
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Guohe Yan
- Institute of Combined Injuries, The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Guojian Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Knudsen AR, Andersen KJ, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Nyengaard JR, Mortensen FV. Correlation between liver cell necrosis and circulating alanine aminotransferase after ischaemia/reperfusion injuries in the rat liver. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:133-8. [PMID: 27292534 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase are often used as markers of hepatocellular damage. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable consequence of prolonged liver ischaemia. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between liver enzymes and volume of liver cell necrosis after ischaemia/reperfusion injuries, using design-unbiased stereological methods. Forty-seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 1 h of partial liver ischaemia, followed by either 4 or 24 h of reperfusion. Within each group, one-third of animals were subjected to ischaemic preconditioning and one-third to ischaemic postconditioning. At the end of reperfusion, blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. The volume of necrotic liver tissue was subsequently correlated to circulating markers of I/R injury. Correlation between histological findings and circulating markers was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Alanine transferase peaked after 4 h of reperfusion; however, at this time-point, only mild necrosis was observed, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.663 (P = 0.001). After 24 h of reperfusion, alanine aminotransferase was found to be highly correlated to the degree of hepatocellular necrosis R = 0.836 (P = 0.000). Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase (R = 0.806) and α-2-macroglobulin (R = 0.655) levels were also correlated with the degree of necrosis. We show for the first time that there is a close correlation between the volume of hepatocellular necrosis and alanine aminotransferase levels in a model of I/R injury. This is especially apparent after 24 h of reperfusion. Similarly, increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and α-2-macroglobulin are correlated to the volume of liver necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders R Knudsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper J Andersen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Stereology & Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank V Mortensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yosry A, Fouad R, Alem SA, Elsharkawy A, El-Sayed M, Asem N, Hassan E, Ismail A, Esmat G. FibroScan, APRI, FIB4, and GUCI: Role in prediction of fibrosis and response to therapy in Egyptian patients with HCV infection. Arab J Gastroenterol 2016; 17:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Amoras EDSG, Gomes STM, Freitas FB, Santana BB, Ishak G, Ferreira de Araújo MT, Demachki S, Conde SRSDS, Ishak MDOG, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. Intrahepatic mRNA Expression of FAS, FASL, and FOXP3 Genes Is Associated with the Pathophysiology of Chronic HCV Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156604. [PMID: 27243827 PMCID: PMC4887037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relative mRNA expression of Fas receptor (FAS), Fas ligand (FASL), and forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) in liver biopsy specimens obtained from patients with viral and non-viral chronic hepatitis and correlate their expression with the fibrosis stage. A total of 51 liver biopsy specimens obtained from HBV (n = 6), HCV (n = 28), and non-viral hepatic disease (NVHD) (n = 9) patients and from individuals with normal liver histology (n = 8) (control—CT) were analyzed. Quantifications of the target genes were assessed using qPCR, and liver biopsies according to the METAVIR classification. The mRNA expression levels of FAS and FASL were lower in the CT group compared to the groups of patients. The increase in the mRNA expression of FAS and FASL was correlated with higher levels of inflammation and disease progression, followed by a decline in tissues with cirrhosis, and it was also associated with increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Higher mRNA expression of FOXP3 was observed in the HCV and NVHD groups, with the peak observed among patients with cirrhosis. The increased FOXP3 mRNA expression was positively correlated with increased FAS and FASL mRNA expression and the AST and ALT levels in all patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that regardless of the cause, the course of chronic liver disease may be modulated by the analyzed genes and correlated with an increase in regulatory T cells during the liver damage followed by hepatocyte destruction by Fas/FasL system and subsequent non specific lymphocytic infiltrate accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Samara Tatielle Monteiro Gomes
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bonfim Freitas
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Brasil Santana
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Ishak
- João de Barros Barreto Hospital, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Sâmia Demachki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Hepatology Outpatient Service, Holy House of Mercy Foundation of Pará (Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará –UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
El Raziky M, Fathalah WF, Zakaria Z, Eldeen HG, Abul-Fotouh A, Salama A, Awad A, Esmat G, Mabrouk M. Predictors of Virological Response in 3,235 Chronic HCV Egyptian Patients Treated with Peginterferon Alpha-2a Compared with Peginterferon Alpha-2b Using Statistical Methods and Data Mining Techniques. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:338-46. [PMID: 26859168 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the appearance of new oral antiviral drugs, pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)/RBV may remain the standard of care therapy for some time, and several viral and host factors are reported to be correlated with therapeutic effects. This study aimed to reveal the independent variables associated with failure of sustained virological response (SVR) to PEG-IFN alpha-2a versus PEG-IFN alpha-2b in treatment of naive chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) Egyptian patients using both statistical methods and data mining techniques. This retrospective cohort study included 3,235 chronic hepatitis C patients enrolled in a large Egyptian medical center: 1,728 patients had been treated with PEG-IFN alpha-2a plus ribavirin (RBV) and 1,507 patients with PEG-IFN alpha-2b plus RBV between 2007 and 2011. Both multivariate analysis and Reduced Error Pruning Tree (REPTree)-based model were used to reveal the independent variables associated with treatment response. In both treatment types, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) >10 ng/mL and HCV viremia >600 × 10(3) IU/mL were the independent baseline variables associated with failure of SVR, while male gender, decreased hemoglobin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were the independent variables associated with good response (P < 0.05). Using REPTree-based model showed that low AFP was the factor of initial split (best predictor) of response for either PEG-IFN alpha-2a or PEG-IFN alpha-2b (cutoff value 8.53, 4.89 ng/mL, AUROC = 0.68 and 0.61, P = 0.05). Serum AFP >10 ng/mL and viral load >600 × 10(3) IU/mL are variables associated with failure of response in both treatment types. REPTree-based model could be used to assess predictors of response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maissa El Raziky
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waleed Fouad Fathalah
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Zakaria
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadeel Gamal Eldeen
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Abul-Fotouh
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salama
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abubakr Awad
- 2 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahasen Mabrouk
- 1 Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dusingize JC, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Mutimura E, Rudakemwa E, Ndacyayisenga V, Gakindi L, Mulvihill M, Sinayobye JD, Musabeyezu E, Anastos K. Association of Abnormal Liver Function Parameters with HIV Serostatus and CD4 Count in Antiretroviral-Naive Rwandan Women. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:723-30. [PMID: 25924728 PMCID: PMC4505765 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the associations of HIV infection/CD4 count with markers of hepatocellular damage [elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and liver synthetic function (decreased albumin) in HIV-infected (HIV(+)) antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive and uninfected (HIV(-)) Rwandan women. In 2005, 710 HIV(+) ART-naive and 226 HIV(-) women enrolled in the Rwanda Women's Interassociation Study and Assessment. Liver enzymes were measured with abnormality defined as either AST or ALT ≥1.25 times the upper limit of normal. Low serum albumin level was defined as <3.5 g/dl. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of elevated AST/ALT and low serum albumin. HIV(-) women had the lowest prevalence (6.6%) of abnormal AST/ALT, with the highest prevalence (16.4%) in HIV(+) women with CD4 <200 cells/μl (p=0.01). The odds of having serum albumin <3.5 g/dl was 5.7-fold higher in HIV(+) than HIV(-) women (OR=5.68, 95% CI: 3.32-9.71). The risk of low albumin decreased from low to high CD4 count, with OR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.66, 4.14 and OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.43 in HIV(+) women with a CD4 count <200 and 200-350 cells/μl, respectively vs. HIV(+) with CD4 >350 (p<0.001 and p<0.05 for all comparisons). Our findings suggest that HIV-associated liver damage may occur in ART-naive patients. Although liver abnormality prevalences in this cohort of HIV-infected Rwandan women are less than reported in developed countries, caution is needed for risk assessment measures to monitor and screen HIV-infected patients pre- and post-ART initiation in African clinical settings to curtail potential risks associated with HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiuhu Shi
- School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Eugene Mutimura
- Regional Alliance for Sustainable Development (RASD Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mulu W, Gidey B, Chernet A, Alem G, Abera B. Hepatotoxicity and associated risk factors in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015; 23:217-26. [PMID: 24307821 PMCID: PMC3847531 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v23i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART), hepatotoxicity is life threatening. Its outcome may lead to liver failure and death. This study was conducted to determine the rate and determinants of elevated alanine amino transferase (ALT) (referred as >40IU/L for both males and females). Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on HIV infected individuals who are on ART and suspected of drug resistance at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar from July to December 2012. Venous bloods were collected from each patient and processed parallely to determine ALT, number of HIV RNAs, CD4 and CD8 T cells count, anti hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B surface antigen. Results Out of 269 HIV infected patients receiving ART, 32% were confirmed of grades 1–4 levels of elevated ALT. The rate of severe hepatotoxicity (grade 3 and 4) was 1.84%. Patients with increased CD8 T cell counts (P=0.011; AOR=1.82; CI: 1.12 –2.54), alcohol over use (P=0.014; AOR = 1.23; CI: 1.36–3.29) and detectable HIV-1 RNA copies (P=0.015; AOR=2.07; CI: 1.15–3.74) independently predicts the elevation of ALT. Conclusions In HIV infected patients on ART, extreme elevations of ALT were infrequent but minor elevations were common so that patient-linked variables such as use of alcohol intake must be taken in to account for better clinical management of ART patients. The role of active HCV co-infection on the treatment outcome of ART should be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wondemagegn Mulu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bahirdar University, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Correlation of biochemical markers and HCV RNA titers with fibrosis stages and grades in chronic HCV-3a patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:788-94. [PMID: 24781355 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most important causes of chronic liver diseases, which include inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several factors have been proposed to determine the clinical outcome of HCV infection. The accurate mechanism by which HCV damages the liver remains poorly understood. In chronic hepatitis C patients, the relation between serum biochemical markers, HCV RNA titers and histological liver injury remain controversial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between serum biochemical markers, HCV RNA titers and the degree of liver damage in patients with chronic HCV. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver biopsies were performed on 79 of a total of 100 enrolled patients. The histological activity was evaluated by the METAVER scoring system. HCV RNA quantification was performed by quantitative real-time PCR, and HCV genotyping was performed by nested PCR. Biochemical markers were measured with biochemical instruments. RESULTS HCV RNA titers were significantly correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.004), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P=0.001) and total bilirubin (P=0.012) levels. HCV RNA titers were also significantly correlated with a progression of the fibrosis stage (P=0.000), but no correlation was observed with the change in inflammatory grades. It was observed that bilirubin levels were higher in later fibrosis stages as compared with the initial stage (P=0.000). Results revealed that in different fibrosis stages, the levels of AST (P=0.000), ALP (P=0.000) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.008), the age at diagnosis (P=0.000), the present age (P=0.000) and the BMI (P=0.009) were statistically significant. In the case of the inflammatory grade, levels of bilirubin (P=0.000), ALP (P=0.000), AST (P=0.016) and ALT (P=0.000) were statistically different between the inflammatory grades. CONCLUSION Serum HCV RNA titers were correlated with AST, ALP and total bilirubin. Levels of ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin had significant relation with the liver fibrosis stage and the inflammatory grade in genotype 3a. Hence, our study suggests that AST, ALP and ALT may correlate with liver damage.
Collapse
|
21
|
Longitudinal changes in viral RNA concentration in patients with chronic hepatitis C and/or HIV infection in the absence of antiviral therapy. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:391-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Liu Y, Ma H, Chen S, Wang J, Liu G, Xu M, Ke L, He M. Interleukin-28B genetic variations and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C antibody-positive blood donors in China. Transfusion 2013; 53:2498-504. [PMID: 23782163 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the interleukin (IL)28B gene have been shown to be associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in western populations. Anti-HCV-reactive and HCV RNA-negative samples were often found in Chinese blood donors. This study was to determine whether the IL28B gene variant is also associated with the natural outcome of HCV infection in Chinese blood donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 111 anti-HCV-negative blood donors and 100 anti-HCV-reactive subjects were enrolled in this study. HCV-infected blood donors were classified into spontaneous clearance group and chronic infection group through HCV RNA detection. IL28B genetic variations (rs8099917 and rs12979860) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. RESULTS A total of 24 (24.0%) donors spontaneously cleared HCV. The rs12979860 C allele frequency was 90.3% and the rs8099917 T allele frequency was 96.7% in our study. The rs12979860 CC genotype was strongly associated with spontaneous HCV clearance. Female blood donors had a higher rate of spontaneous HCV clearance than male donors (15/42 [35.7%] vs. 9/58 [15.5%], p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The rs12979860 CC variant upstream of IL28B gene is associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in Chinese blood donors and female donors are more likely to clear HCV infection than male donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China; Luoyang Blood Center, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu SL, Wang SC, Tsou HH, Kuo HW, Ho IK, Liu SW, Hsu YT, Chang YS, Liu YL. Hepatitis C virus infection influences the S-methadone metabolite plasma concentration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69310. [PMID: 23935979 PMCID: PMC3720619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Heroin-dependent patients typically contract hepatitis C virus (HCV) at a disproportionately high level due to needle exchange. The liver is the primary target organ of HCV infection and also the main organ responsible for drug metabolism. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is a major treatment regimen for opioid dependence. HCV infection may affect methadone metabolism but this has rarely been studied. In our current study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that HCV may influence the methadone dosage and its plasma metabolite concentrations in a MMT cohort from Taiwan. METHODS A total of 366 MMT patients were recruited. The levels of plasma hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies (Ab), liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) were measured along with the urine morphine concentration and amphetamine screening. RESULTS Of the 352 subjects in our cohort with HCV test records, 95% were found to be positive for plasma anti-HCV antibody. The liver functional parameters of AST (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.02) and ALT (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.04), the plasma methadone concentrations (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.043) and the R-enantiomer of methadone concentrations (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.032) were significantly higher in the HCV antibody-positive subjects than in the HCV antibody-negative patients, but not the S-EDDP/methadone dose ratio. The HCV levels correlated with the methadone dose (β= 14.65 and 14.13; P = 0.029 and 0.03) and the S-EDDP/methadone dose ratio (β= -0.41 and -0.40; P = 0.00084 and 0.002) in both univariate and multivariate regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that HCV may influence the methadone dose and plasma S-EDDP/methadone dose ratio in MMT patients in this preliminary study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Ling Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Research and Diagnostics, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chang Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Kang Ho
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Sheng Chang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abdel Haleem H, Zayed N, Abdel Hafez H, Fouad A, Akl M, Hassan M, Hammam O, Morsy A, Saleh A, Seyam M, Zakaria Z, Zakaria S. Evaluation of the diagnostic value of serum and tissue apoptotic cytokeratin-18 in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Arab J Gastroenterol 2013; 14:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
Akbal E, Köklü S, Koçak E, Cakal B, Güneş F, Başar O, Tuna Y, Senes M. Liver fatty acid-binding protein is a diagnostic marker to detect liver injury due to chronic hepatitis C infection. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:34-8. [PMID: 23291381 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is a small molecule. The aim of this study was to examine L-FABP levels and to detect its diagnostic value in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS We studied 22 patients with CHC and 20 healthy control subjects. Patients with persistently elevated serum aminotransferases and positive HCV RNA were included in the study. Patients with CHC underwent percutaneous liver biopsy. Serum level of L-FABP was determined by ELISA method. RESULTS Patients with CHC had significantly increased levels of L-FABP compared to controls. A strong correlation between serum L-FABP concentrations and aspartate aminotransferases, alanine aminotransferases, HCV RNA levels and hepatic inflammation was found. When a cut-off value was 29,000 pg/mL for L-FABP, sensitivity and specificity were 75 and 100%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for L-FABP were 100 and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum L-FABP is used as a new diagnostic marker to detect liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Akbal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Fibrosis is a hallmark histologic event of chronic liver diseases and is characterized by the excessive accumulation and reorganization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The gold standard for assessment of fibrosis is liver biopsy. As this procedure has various limitations, including risk of patient injury and sampling error, a non-invasive serum marker for liver fibrosis is desirable. The increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis has suggested several markers which could be useful indicators of hepatic fibrogenesis and fibrosis. These markers include serum markers of liver function, ECM synthesis, fibrolytic processes, ECM degradation and fibrogenesis related cytokines. Recently, neo-epitopes, which are post-translational modifications of proteins, have been successfully used in bone and cartilage diseases which are characterized by extensive ECM remodeling. Increasing numbers of studies are being undertaken to identify neo-epitopes generated during liver fibrosis, and which ultimately might be useful for diagnosing and monitoring fibrogenesis. To date, the metalloproteinases generated fragment of collagen I, III, IV and VI have been proven to be elevated in two rat models of fibrosis. This review summarizes the recent efforts that have been made to identify potentially reliable non-invasive serum markers. We used the recently proposed BIPED (Burden of disease, Investigative, Prognostic, Efficacy and Diagnostic) system to characterize potential serum markers and neo-epitope markers that have been identified to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Al Swaff R. Correlation between alanine aminotransferase level, HCV-RNA titer and fibrosis stage in chronic HCV genotype 4 infection. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
28
|
Shi X, Pan Y, Wang M, Wang D, Li W, Jiang T, Zhang P, Chi X, Jiang Y, Gao Y, Zhong J, Sun B, Xu D, Jiang J, Niu J. IL28B genetic variation is associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus, treatment response, serum IL-28B levels in Chinese population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37054. [PMID: 22649509 PMCID: PMC3359351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin-28B gene (IL28B) locus has been associated with host resistance to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and response to PEG-IFN/RBV treatment in western populations. This study was to determine whether this gene variant is also associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection, treatment response and IL-28B protein production in Chinese patients. METHODS We genotyped IL28B genetic variations (rs12980275, rs8103142, rs8099917 and rs12979860) by pyrosequencing DNA samples from cohorts consisting of 529 subjects with persistent HCV infection, 196 subjects who cleared the infection, 171 healthy individuals and 235 chronic HCV patients underwent IFN/RBV treatment. The expression of IL-28B were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. RESULTS We found that the four IL28B variants were in complete linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.97-0.98). The rs12979860 CC genotype was strongly associated with spontaneously HCV clearance and successful IFN/RBV treatment compared to the CT/TT. IL-28B levels in persistent HCV patients were significantly lower than subjects who spontaneously resolved HCV and healthy controls and were also associated with high levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase). IL-28B levels were also significantly lower in individuals carrying T alleles than CC homozygous. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the rs12979860-CC variant upstream of IL28B gene is associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV, susceptible to IFN/RBV treatment and increased IL-28B levels in this Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Moli Wang
- Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Hospital of HepatologyBiliary of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hospital of HepatologyBiliary of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiumei Chi
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Sun
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Damo Xu
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
First cloning and characterization of aspartate aminotransferase from river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Ijaz B, Ahmad W, Javed FT, Gull S, Sarwar MT, Kausar H, Asad S, Jahan S, Khaliq S, Shahid I, Sumrin A, Hassan S. Association of laboratory parameters with viral factors in patients with hepatitis C. Virol J 2011; 8:361. [PMID: 21777434 PMCID: PMC3154183 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims HCV infection may lead to hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we tried to determine whether there is any correlation of HCV genotypes and viral load to the clinical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, Hb level, patient's age and gender; and then correlated this association with disease progression in liver biopsy samples. Methods In cross-sectional and observational study, 6048 serum HCV RNA positive patients were chosen. The study consists of 53 months from March 2006 to September 2010. Patients were divided into three cohorts to validate our data. Statistical analysis and correlation of lab parameters with viral factors was determined by using SPSS version 16. Results The most prevalent genotype was 3 (70.9%) followed by 1 (13.3%) and 4 (7.4%), collectively. During Univariate analysis, in all cohorts; serum bilirubin, ALP, ALT and AAR showed significant correlation with genotypes, however multivariate analysis showed that all genotypes except 4a have no association with host biochemical markers. Disease progression was also independent of all genotypes. Serum ALP, ALT, bilirubin and viremea levels were significantly elevated in patients with genotype 4a. Viral load showed negative association with serum bilirubin (r = -0.112, P = 0.000) and ALP levels (r = -0.098, P = 0.000). We observed positive correlation of ALP and bilirubin levels, while negative associations of viral load with HCV liver disease progression. Conclusion Disease progression seems independent of the genotypes. Relationship between ALP and bilirubin with viral load may be an attractive marker to guess disease progression in patients with hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Ijaz
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ahmad W, Ijaz B, Javed FT, Kausar H, Sarwar MT, Gull S, Asad S, Shahid I, Hassan S. HCV genotype-specific correlation with serum markers: higher predictability for genotype 4a. Virol J 2011; 8:293. [PMID: 21663629 PMCID: PMC3123289 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several factors have been proposed to assess the clinical outcome of HCV infection. The correlation of HCV genotypes to possible serum markers in clinical prediction is still controversial. The main objective of this study was to determine the existence of any correlation between HCV genotypes to viral load and different clinical serum markers. Methods We performed a prospective cross-sectional and observational study. About 3160 serum HCV RNA positive patients were chosen from 4020 randomly selected anti-HCV positive patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 16 software package. ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curves were used to compare diagnostic values of serum markers to predict genotypes. Results The most prevalent genotype was 3a (73.9%) followed by 1a (10.7%), 4a (6.4%) and 3b (6.1%) in Pakistani population. No correlation was found between viral load and serum markers for genotype 3a in a large no. of sample (n = 2336). While significant correlation was observed between viral load and AST in genotype 3b, ALP with viral load and ALT for genotype 1a. Patients with genotype 4a showed a significant inverse correlation with viral load and Hb level and AST with ALP. For genotype 4a, AUC (area under the curve) of ALT, ALP, AST, bilirubin, Hb level and viral load was 0.790, 0.763, 0.454, 0.664, 0.458 and 0.872 respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, there was a significant variable response of HCV genotypes with serum markers. Severity of disease is independent of serum marker level in genotype 3a, while the liver damage in genotype 4a may associate with viral cytopathic effect as well as the immune-mediated process. An index using six serum markers may correctly predict genotype 4a in patients with ≥75% accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shores NJ, Maida I, Perez-Saleme L, Núñez M. Virological rather than host factors are associated with transaminase levels among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:15-9. [PMID: 20071593 DOI: 10.1177/1545109709356356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a routine parameter in the assessment and monitoring of chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Hepatitis C virus-infected African Americans (AAs) have been reported to have lower ALT levels. In this retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study, host and virological factors possibly associated with ALT levels were analyzed by multivariate regression analyses among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Of the 289 patients included, 142 were African Americans and 144 Caucasians. In multivariate analysis, only HCV genotype 3 (B 0.2 [95% CI 13.39-52.33]; P = .001) and HCV RNA >500 000 IU/mL (B 3.1 [95% CI 7.67-34.75]; P = .002) were independent predictors of higher ALT levels. Per the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) definition, 18.2% had ALT levels within normal limits. Male sex and HCV RNA <500 000 IU/mL predicted ALT within normal limits. Hepatitis C viral factors rather than race were associated with ALT levels in this HIV/HCV-coinfected population. ALT were within normal limits in 18% of patients, who more often were male and had lower Hepatitis C viral load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Shores
- Division on Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahmad W, Ijaz B, Gull S, Asad S, Khaliq S, Jahan S, Sarwar MT, Kausar H, Sumrin A, Shahid I, Hassan S. A brief review on molecular, genetic and imaging techniques for HCV fibrosis evaluation. Virol J 2011; 8:53. [PMID: 21299910 PMCID: PMC3041775 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic HCV is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the present day world. The assessment of disease progression not only provides useful information for diagnosis and therapeutic supervision judgment but also for monitoring disease. Different invasive and non invasive methods are applied to diagnose the disease from initial to end stage (mild fibrosis to cirrhosis). Although, liver biopsy is still considered as gold standard to identify liver histological stages, an assessment of the disease development based on non-invasive clinical findings is also emerging and this may replace the need of biopsy in near future. This review gives brief insight on non-invasive methods currently available for predicting liver fibrosis in HCV with their current pros and cons to make easier for a clinician to choose better marker to assess liver fibrosis in HCV infected patients. Methods More than 200 studies regarding invasive and noninvasive markers available for HCV liver disease diagnosis were thoroughly reviewed. We examined year wise results of these markers based on their sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and AUROCs. Results We found that in all non-invasive serum markers for HCV, FibroTest, Forn's Index, Fibrometer and HepaScore have high five-year predictive value but with low AUROCs (0.60~0.85) and are not comparable to liver biopsy (AUROC = 0.97). Even though from its beginning, Fibroscan is proved to be best with high AUROCs (> 0.90) in all studies, no single noninvasive marker is able to differentiate all fibrosis stages from end stage cirrhosis. Meanwhile, specific genetic markers may not only discriminate fibrotic and cirrhotic liver but also differentiate individual fibrosis stages. Conclusions There is a need of marker which accurately determines the stage based on simplest routine laboratory test. Genetic marker in combination of imaging technique may be the better non invasive diagnostic method in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ahmed AM, Hassan MS, Abd-Elsayed A, Hassan H, Hasanain AF, Helmy A. Insulin resistance, steatosis, and fibrosis in Egyptian patients with chronic Hepatitis C virus infection. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:245-51. [PMID: 21727730 PMCID: PMC3133981 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.82578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are common in Egypt, and their coexistence is expected. There is controversy regarding the influence of NAFLD on chronic HCV disease progression. This study evaluates the effect of NAFLD on the severity of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) (necroinflammation and fibrosis) and assesses the relative contribution of insulin resistance syndrome to the occurrence of NAFLD in patients with chronic HCV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Untreated consecutive adults with chronic HCV infection admitted for liver biopsy were included in this study. Before liver biopsy, a questionnaire for risk factors was completed prospectively, and a blood sample was obtained for laboratory analysis. RESULTS Our study included 92 male patients. Their mean ± SD age and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level were 42 ± 7.7 years (range 20-56) and 68 ± 41.7 U/L (range 16-214), respectively. The mean insulin level and insulin resistance index were 15.6 ± 18.3 mIU/mL (range 5.1-137.4) and 5.9 ± 15.2 (range 0.9-136.2), respectively. Fifty four percent of patients had steatosis and 65% had fibrosis. In multivariate analyses, steatosis was associated with insulin resistance and fibrosis was associated with high AST level, age ≥40 years, and steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Steatosis is a histopathologic feature in >50% of patients with chronic HCV infection. Insulin resistance has an important role in the pathogenesis of steatosis, which represents a significant determinant of fibrosis together with high serum AST level and older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M. Ahmed
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Magda S. Hassan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Departments of Public Health and Community Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Huwayda Hassan
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmad F. Hasanain
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Helmy
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ahmed Helmy, Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, 6th Floor, Assiut University Hospital, Post Code 71511, Assiut, Egypt. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Real-time quantitative assay for routine testing of HCV RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 18:232-8. [PMID: 19861893 DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e3181916e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in liver tissues is clinically relevant in cases where histology, liver function tests, and HCV serology are not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of HCV-related hepatitis. We analyzed 215 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver needle biopsies from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1b and 2. HCV RNA extracted from paraffin sections were quantified by means of a TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. The quantification of HCV RNA in liver tissue was correlated with the amount of HCV detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paired frozen biopsies, the HCV RNA load in the serum, and the main serum tests of liver function and cholestasis. HCV RNA was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 169 liver biopsies (78.6%) with a mean value of 13.59+/-37.25 IU/ng. Tissue HCV RNA levels strongly correlated with the IHC results (P<0.001, Spearman test), HCV serum load (P<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.001), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P=0.012), and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio (P=0.029). HCV RNA was amplified in up to 7-year-old archival tissue samples. Real-time HCV RNA quantification on archival liver tissue may be clinically relevant in case of "occult" HCV infection or for the diagnosis of patients with known HCV infection and hepatic dysfunction but seronegative for HCV RNA. The assessment of the levels of HCV RNA in the liver might also be important for monitoring the effectiveness of antiviral therapy and the progression of disease in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Cardoso DF, Souza FVD, Fonseca LAM, Duarte AJDS, Casseb J. Influence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Infection on laboratory parameters of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2009; 51:325-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652009000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) share routes of transmission and some individuals have dual infection. Although some studies point to a worse prognosis of hepatitis C virus in patients co-infected with HTLV-1, the interaction between these two infections is poorly understood. This study evaluated the influence of HTLV-1 infection on laboratory parameters in chronic HCV patients. Twelve HTLV-1/HCV-coinfected patients were compared to 23 patients infected only with HCV, in regard to demographic data, risk factors for viral acquisition, HCV genotype, presence of cirrhosis, T CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts and liver function tests. There was no difference in regard to age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, HCV genotype or presence of cirrhosis between the groups. Intravenous drug use was the most common risk factor among individuals co-infected with HTLV-1. These patients showed higher TCD8+ counts (p = 0.0159) and significantly lower median values of AST and ALT (p = 0.0437 and 0.0159, respectively). In conclusion, we have shown that HCV/HTLV-1 co-infected patients differs in laboratorial parameters involving both liver and immunological patterns. The meaning of these interactions in the natural history of these infections is a matter that deserves further studies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Mata-Marín JA, Gaytán-Martínez J, Grados-Chavarría BH, Fuentes-Allen JL, Arroyo-Anduiza CI, Alfaro-Mejía A. Correlation between HIV viral load and aminotransferases as liver damage markers in HIV infected naive patients: a concordance cross-sectional study. Virol J 2009; 6:181. [PMID: 19878552 PMCID: PMC2777159 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in liver function tests could be produced exclusively by direct inflammation in hepatocytes, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mechanisms by which HIV causes hepatic damage are still unknown. Our aim was to determine the correlation between HIV viral load, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as markers of hepatic damage in HIV naive infected patients. We performed a concordance cross-sectional study. Patients with antiviral treatment experience, hepatotoxic drugs use or co-infection were excluded. We used a Pearson's correlation coefficient to calculate the correlation between aminotransferases serum levels with HIV viral load. We enrolled 59 patients, 50 men and 9 women seen from 2006 to 2008. The mean (+/- SD) age of our subjects was 34.24 +/- 9.5, AST 37.73 +/- 29.94 IU/mL, ALT 43.34 +/- 42.41 IU/mL, HIV viral load 199,243 +/- 292,905 copies/mL, and CD4+ cells count 361 +/- 289 cells/mm(3). There was a moderately strong, positive correlation between AST serum levels and HIV viral load (r = 0.439, P < 0.001); and a weak correlation between ALT serum levels and HIV viral load (r = 0.276, P = 0.034); after adjusting the confounders in lineal regression model the correlation remained significant. Our results suggest that there is an association between HIV viral load and aminotransferases as markers of hepatic damage; we should improved recognition, diagnosis and potential therapy of hepatic damage in HIV infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Mata-Marín
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Infectología, "La Raza" National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, México.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Miyazaki T, Honda A, Ikegami T, Hara T, Saitoh Y, Hirayama T, Doy M, Matsuzaki Y. The associated markers and their limitations for the primary screening of HCV carriers in public health examination. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:664-74. [PMID: 19453543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2009.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody test has been recommended to the whole Japanese population, most countries have not implemented it. The present study aims to re-evaluate the usefulness of markers examined in the general health examination for the initial screening of HCV carriers. METHODS Of the overall population, 25 142 individuals (8876 males, 16 266 females) participated in health examinations with HCV tests in 2005, and the most commonly associated markers for HCV-positive subjects were explored by multivariate analysis, based on blood biochemical, physical, sphygmomanometric and hematological parameters. Thereafter, the efficiencies of the markers were estimated from a total population of 85 013 individuals (29 502 males, 55 511 females) in 2003-2005. RESULTS The most significantly associated markers for HCV positivity were aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Optimal limits of ALT and AST by receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis were 24 and 27 IU (male, 33 and 28 IU; female, 22 and 26 IU), respectively. However, one-quarter of HCV carriers were not found to be positive using the optimal limits of aminotransferases. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed the limitation of serum aminotransferase levels as markers of HCV for primary screening. Therefore, at present, an anti-HCV antibody test is required for the efficient screening of HCV carriers in all health examinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Miyazaki
- Department of Development for Community Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu P, Li Y, Sun CM. Correlations of Serum Hepatitis C Virus RNA and Alanine Transaminase With Liver Histopathological Changes in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. Lab Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1309/lm5xqbwg0qmlnnpc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
40
|
Al Ashgar H, Helmy A, Khan MQ, Al Kahtani K, Al Quaiz M, Rezeig M, Kagevi I, Alshehri A, Al Kalbani A, Al Swat K, Dahab S, Elkum N, Al Fadda M. Predictors of sustained virological response to a 48-week course of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 4. Ann Saudi Med 2009; 29:4-14. [PMID: 19139619 PMCID: PMC2813618 DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.51816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Knowledge of the predictors of sustained viral response (SVR) to pegylated interferon (PEG-INF) alfa-2a and ribavirin (RBV) therapy in patients with hepatitis C genotype-4 (HCV-4) is crucial for selecting patients who would benefit most from therapy. We assessed the predictors of SVR to this combination therapy in Saudi patients with chronic HCV-4 infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 148 patients with HCV-4 infection who underwent clinical, biochemical and virological assessments before treatment and at 12, 24, 48 and 72 weeks post-treatment. RESULTS Of the 148 patients, 90 (60.8%) were males. Mean (SD) for age was 48.5 (12.7) years and BMI was 27.9 (7.5) kg/m(2). Seventy-nine of 148 (60.1%) patients were treatment naïve and 110 (74.3%) underwent pre-treatment liver biopsy. Eighteen (12.2%) patients did not complete therapy because of side effects or they were lost to follow up. Early virological response was achieved in 84 of 91 (92.3%) patients. In the 130 (87.8%) patients who completed therapy, 34 (26.2%) were non-responders and 96 (63.8%) achieved end-of-treatment virological response (ETVR). SVR and virological relapse (24 weeks after ETVR) occurred in 66/130 (50.7%) and 30/130 (31.2%) patients, respectively. Compared to relapsers, sustained responders were significantly younger (P=.005), non-diabetic (P=.005), had higher serum albumin (P=.028), lower alpha-fetoprotein level (P=.026), lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=.04) levels, and were treatment-naïve (P=.008). In a multivariate regression analysis, the independent predictors of SVR were younger age (P=.016), lower serum AST (P=.012), and being treatment naïve (P=.021). CONCLUSION Approximately half of HCV-4 patients who complete the course of combination therapy achieve an SVR, especially if they are young, treatment naA ve and have lower AST levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Al Ashgar
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Batdelger D, Dandii D, Jirathitikal V, Bourinbaiar AS. Open-label trial of therapeutic immunization with oral V-5 Immunitor (V5) vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Vaccine 2008; 26:2733-7. [PMID: 18455842 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether V-5 Immunitor (V5)--tableted therapeutic bivalent vaccine comprising heat-inactivated HCV antigens from pooled blood of HBV- and HCV-infected donors - may produce clinical benefit through induction of oral tolerance and reduction of immune-mediated liver injury. Once daily dose of V5 was administered per os to 10 patients with chronic hepatitis C in an open-label study that lasted 1 month. Every patient who entered the study had elevated liver enzyme levels, which at the end of study have decreased in 100% of analyzed patients. The reduction was highly significant, from 157.7+/-73.4 to 49.9+/-43.8 U/L (P=0.0013) and 147.0+/-79.2 to 58.7+/-56.6 U/L (P=0.0132), for ALT and AST, respectively. The AST/ALT ratio has improved from 0.93 to 1.18 (P=0.00058) indicating the reversion of progression to cirrhosis. None of intent-to-treat patients who were anti-HCV antibody positive at study entry, became negative after 1 month on V5 (P=0.998). All patients, except one, reported complete recuperation from hepatitis C-associated clinical symptoms present at baseline (P=0.0016) with Mantel Haenszel's odds ratio 9.4 (P=0.0021) at 95% confidence interval: 2.7<OR<476.3. No adverse events were observed at any time. The favorable biochemical and clinical responses have been observed in a small number of individuals for a limited time period. Larger scale and longer studies are needed to confirm our preliminary observations suggesting that V5 is safe and effective means for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dendev Batdelger
- National Research Center for Infectious Diseases (NRCID), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Y, Ding Y, Wang XL, Liu P. Correlations of serum hepatitis C virus RNA and alanine transaminase with liver histopathological changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:916-919. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i9.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship among serum hepatitis C virus RNA titer, alanine trans-aminase (ALT) and liver histological changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
METHODS: Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the level of serum HCV RNA in 132 patients with chronic hepatitis C; meanwhile, the levels of serum ALT were measured by biochemical instrument. Liver biopsy was performed in 30 of 132 patients, and histopathological changes were observed by HE staining under light microscope and scored according to the grades of liver necro-inflammatory activity and stages of liver fibrosis.
RESULTS: Of 132 cases, 98 (74.2%) were positive for HCV RNA (over 1.0×106 copies/L), and 99 (75.0%) were with a higher ALT level. No significant correlation was noted between HCV RNA titer and ALT level (r = 0.40, P = 0.695), but a statistical relationship was noted between HCV RNA titer and the abnormal rate of ALT level (r = 1.00, P < 0.01). Liver biopsies indicated that HCV-RNA titer was not significantly correlated with the grades of liver necro-inflammatory activity (r = 0.50, P = 0.667) or the stage of liver fibrosis (r = 0.20, P = 0.80). The level of serum ALT was not markedly correlated with the stages of liver fibrosis (r = 0.40, P = 0.60), either, but statistically correlated with the grades of liver necro-inflammatory activity (r = 1.00, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: HCV RNA titer has no correlation with ALT level, and it can not reflect the degree of liver histological damage in patients with chronic hepatitis C. ALT level has no correlation with the stages of liver fibrosis, but it can reflect the grades of liver necro-inflammatory activity to some extent.
Collapse
|
43
|
The relationship of serum aminotransferase levels to viral load and genotype in chronic hepatitis C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2298/jmb0504247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|