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Fragopoulou E, Gkotsi K, Petsini F, Gioti K, Kalampaliki AD, Lambrinidis G, Kostakis IK, Tenta R. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Resveratrol Methoxy Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5547. [PMID: 37513418 PMCID: PMC10386404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring stilbene, exhibits numerous beneficial health effects. Various studies have demonstrated its diverse biological actions, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet properties, thereby supporting its potential for cardio protection, neuroprotection, and anti-cancer activity. However, a significant limitation of resveratrol is its weak bioavailability. To overcome this challenge, multiple research groups have investigated the synthesis of new resveratrol derivatives to enhance bioavailability and pharmacological activities. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the effects of resveratrol derivatives on platelet function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to synthesize resveratrol methoxy derivatives and evaluate their anti-platelet and anti-proliferative activity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from healthy volunteers was utilized to assess the derivatives' ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP). Additionally, the derivatives' anti-tumor activity was evaluated against the proliferation of PC-3 and HCT116 cells. The results revealed that some methoxy derivatives of resveratrol exhibited comparable or even superior anti-platelet activity compared to the original compound. The most potent derivative was the 4'-methoxy derivative, which demonstrated approximately 2.5 orders of magnitude higher anti-platelet activity against TRAP-induced platelet aggregation, indicating its potential as an anti-platelet agent. Concerning in silico studies, the 4'-methyl group of 4'-methoxy derivative is oriented similarly to the fluorophenyl-pyridyl group of Vorapaxar, buried in a hydrophobic cavity. In terms of their anti-tumor activity, 3-MRESV exhibited the highest potency in PC-3 cells, while 3,4'-DMRESV and TMRESV showed the greatest efficacy in HCT116 cells. In conclusion, methoxy derivatives of resveratrol possess similar or improved anti-platelet and anti-cancer effects, thereby holding potential as bioactive compounds in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Gkotsi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Filio Petsini
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Gioti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia D Kalampaliki
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Kostakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17676 Athens, Greece
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Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Protective Effect of Olive Oil Microconstituents in Atherosclerosis: Emphasis on PAF Implicated Atherosclerosis Theory. Biomolecules 2023; 13:700. [PMID: 37189447 PMCID: PMC10135796 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular multifactorial process. The mechanisms underlining the initiating event of atheromatous plaque formation are inflammation and oxidation. Among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diet and especially the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been widely recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Olive oil (OO), the main source of the fatty components of the MedDiet is superior to the other "Mono-unsaturated fatty acids containing oils" due to the existence of specific microconstituents. In this review, the effects of OO microconstituents in atherosclerosis, based on data from in vitro and in vivo studies with special attention on their inhibitory activity against PAF (Platelet-Activating Factor) actions, are presented and critically discussed. In conclusion, we propose that the anti-atherogenic effect of OO is attributed to the synergistic action of its microconstituents, mainly polar lipids that act as PAF inhibitors, specific polyphenols and α-tocopherol that also exert anti-PAF activity. This beneficial effect, also mediated through anti-PAF action, can occur from microconstituents extracted from olive pomace, a toxic by-product of the OO production process that constitutes a significant ecological problem. Daily intake of moderate amounts of OO consumed in the context of a balanced diet is significant for healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A. Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
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Pantazi D, Tellis C, Tselepis AD. Oxidized phospholipids and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An update. Biofactors 2022; 48:1257-1270. [PMID: 36192834 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress conditions lead to a variety of oxidative modifications of lipoprotein phospholipids implicated in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ) is established as an independent risk biomarker of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and mediates vascular inflammation through the regulation of lipid metabolism in the blood and in atherosclerotic lesions. Lp-PLA2 is associated with low- and high-density lipoproteins and Lipoprotein (a) in human plasma and specifically hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids involved in oxidative stress modification. Several oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) subspecies can be detoxified through enzymatic degradation by Lp-PLA2 activation, forming lysophospholipids and oxidized non-esterified fatty acids (OxNEFAs). Lysophospholipids promote the expression of adhesion molecules, stimulate cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-6), and attract macrophages to the arterial intima. The present review article discusses new data on the functional roles of OxPLs and Lp-PLA2 associated with lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Pantazi
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Tellis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Effect of Moderate Wine Consumption on Oxidative Stress Markers in Coronary Heart Disease Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071377. [PMID: 35405991 PMCID: PMC9002743 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from research studies reports that wine consumption is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk, partly through the amelioration of oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of regular light to moderate wine consumption from coronary heart disease (CHD) patients compared to the effect induced by alcohol intake without the presence of wine microconstituents, on oxidation-induced macromolecular damage as well as on endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity. A randomized, single-blind, controlled, three-arm parallel intervention was carried out, in which 64 CHD patients were allocated to three intervention groups. Group A consumed no alcohol, and Group B (wine) and Group C (ethanol) consumed 27 g of alcohol/day for 8 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks. Urine oxidized guanine species levels, protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were measured. Oxidized guanine species and protein carbonyl levels were significantly increased in the ethanol group during the intervention and were significantly decreased in the wine group. These results support the idea that wine’s bioactive compounds may exert antioxidant actions that counteract the macromolecular oxidative damage induced by alcohol in CHD patients.
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Fragopoulou E, Argyrou C, Detopoulou M, Tsitsou S, Seremeti S, Yannakoulia M, Antonopoulou S, Kolovou G, Kalogeropoulos P. The effect of moderate wine consumption on cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A randomized clinical study in coronary heart disease patients. Cytokine 2021; 146:155629. [PMID: 34247040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many studies conclude that wine consumption is related to lower risk for cardiovascular diseases partially through the amelioration of inflammatory biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of wine consumption on the inflammatory response and to compare these effects with the consumption of similar amount of alcohol without the wine micro-constituents in cardiovascular disease patients. Therefore, a randomized, single-blind, controlled, three-arm parallel intervention study was designed. Cardiovascular disease patients were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. In Group A participants consumed no alcohol, in Group B (ethanol group) and Group C (wine group) participants consumed 27 g of alcohol per day. Biological samples were collected at the beginning, on the 4th and 8th week and several biomarkers were measured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were isolated from patients were incubated under basal and inflammatory conditions for 4 and 24 h and the secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was measured. No significant difference was observed among the three groups before the initiation or during the intervention in the most soluble biomarkers. Higher TNFα secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed at basal conditions in the ethanol group both at 4 and 24 h of incubation versus baseline secretion. Furthermore, lower secretion of the ΤNFα was observed after 8 weeks of intake in the wine group versus the ethanol group, both at 4 and 24 h of incubation. In conclusion, the light to moderate wine consumption for 8 weeks revealed an attenuation of the ethanol consumption effect on cytokine secretion at basal conditions from the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Chrysa Argyrou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Tsitsou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Seremeti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Avenue Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens. Greece
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Komalla V, Mehta M, Achi F, Dua K, Haghi M. The Potential for Phospholipids in the Treatment of Airway Inflammation: An Unexplored Solution. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:333-349. [PMID: 33557743 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210208114439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) are major inflammatory respiratory diseases. Current mainstay therapy for asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are corticosteroids, which have well-established side effect profiles. Phospholipids (PLs) are ubiquitous, diverse compounds with varying functions such as their structural role incell membrane, energy storage, and cell signaling.Recent advances in understanding PLs role as inflammatory mediators in the body as well as their widespread long-standing use as carrier molecules in drug delivery demonstrate the potential application of phospholipids in modulating inflammatory conditions. This review briefly explains the main mechanisms of inflammation in chronic respiratory diseases, currentanti-inflammatory treatments and areas of unmet need. The structural features, roles of endogenous and exogenous phospholipids, including their use as pharmaceutical excipients are reviewed. Current research on the immunomodulatory properties of PLs and their potentialapplication in inflammatory diseasesis the major section of this review. Considering the roles of PLs as inflammatory mediators and their safety profile established in pharmaceutical formulations, these small molecules demonstrate great potential as candidates in respiratory inflammation. Future studies need to focus on the immunomodulatory properties and the underlying mechanisms of phospholipids in respiratory inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Komalla
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Chippendale NSW 2008. Australia
| | - Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Chippendale NSW 2008. Australia
| | - Fatima Achi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Chippendale NSW 2008. Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Chippendale NSW 2008. Australia
| | - Mehra Haghi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Chippendale NSW 2008. Australia
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Fragopoulou E, Petsini F, Choleva M, Detopoulou M, S. Arvaniti O, Kallinikou E, Sakantani E, Tsolou A, Nomikos T, Samaras Y. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Platelet and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Wine Extracts Prepared from Ten Different Grape Varieties. Molecules 2020; 25:E5054. [PMID: 33143291 PMCID: PMC7662244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, thrombosis and oxidative stress are rarely studied together when wine's biological activity is concerned; hence the existing literature lacks a holistic point of view in the biological outcome. The scope of the present study is to parallel evaluate the effect of wine extracts on those mechanisms. Ten wine varieties and two different extraction methods were used leading to five extracts for each wine: total lipids (TL) and fractions with different phenolic compound classes (FI, FII, FIII and FIV). Their effect on oxidative stress, platelet aggregation and the secretion of cytokines from mononuclear cells was measured and a biological score was calculated. FII of white wines is the most potent extract and the extracts FIII and TL are following. Specifically, FII had higher anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory score while all three fractions had a similar anti-platelet score. Furthermore, FII and FIII extracts were the most potent red wine extracts and revealed the highest anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory scores. White wine FII extracts were more potent than the red wine ones while FI and FIV extracts of red wine were more potent than the white wine ones. In conclusion, the protective effect of a wine is independent of its color but is strongly associated with its microconstituents profile. FII extract revealed the highest biological score and further examination is needed in order to identify the compounds that are responsible for the aforementioned actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth. Fragopoulou
- Department of Nutritions & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (T.N.)
| | - Filio Petsini
- Department of Nutritions & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (T.N.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Maria Choleva
- Department of Nutritions & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (T.N.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Maria Detopoulou
- Department of Nutritions & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (T.N.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Olga S. Arvaniti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Eftyhia Kallinikou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Eleni Sakantani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ageliki Tsolou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutritions & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (F.P.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (T.N.)
| | - Yiannis Samaras
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (O.S.A.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (A.T.); (Y.S.)
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Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. The French paradox three decades later: Role of inflammation and thrombosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:160-169. [PMID: 32653485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although, three decades have pasted from the introduction of "French Paradox", is still an issue for debate. Epidemiology supports the J-shaped relationship between wine consumption and vascular events as well as cardiovascular mortality with a maximum protection at 21 g of alcohol consumption in the form of wine per day. Nevertheless, the aforementioned studies have used an observational design that raises concerns about potential confounding. Randomized clinical studies may provide data to end the controversy and in parallel with in vitro experiments to elucidate the mechanisms by which wine affects cardiovascular disease. In this concept, this review aims to address the presence of bioactive wine micro constituents, their potential mechanisms of action and also to summarize the cardio-protective effects of wine intake based on clinical trials. The role of wine micro-constituents in inflammation and haemostasis is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fragopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece.
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece
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9
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Choleva M, Boulougouri V, Panara A, Panagopoulou E, Chiou A, Thomaidis NS, Antonopoulou S, Fragopoulou E. Evaluation of anti-platelet activity of grape pomace extracts. Food Funct 2020; 10:8069-8080. [PMID: 31761914 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platelets aggregation plays a crucial role in atherothrombosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the anti-platelet activity of winery by-products extracts, to find the most potent one and to be further analyzed in order to be used for food fortification. For this purpose, grape pomace from four red varieties was extracted with four solvents of different polarity. The extracts' phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and their ability to inhibit human platelet aggregation against PAF, ADP, TRAP were determined by Light Transmission Aggregometry. The ethanolic extract was further analyzed concerning its anti-platelet effect and its chemical composition by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. The ethanolic and Bligh-Dyer water phase extracts showed the highest phenolic compounds/anthocyanin content and the best antioxidant activity. However, the most potent inhibition of platelet aggregation was revealed by ethanol extracts, followed by the Bligh-Dyer lipoid phase extracts. Ethanolic extract, found to contain micro-constituents such as phospho-compounds, phenolic compounds and fatty acids. The most abundant phenolic compounds were catechin, epicatechin and quercetin and the most abundant fatty acids were linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and palmitic acid (C16:0). Ethanolic extract was capable of inhibiting platelets aggregation in a wide range of agonist concentrations and it also seems that its action is sustained when platelets from coronary heart disease patient were used. Ethanol extract of winery by-products exerts a potent anti-platelet effect and its valorization could lead to the production of functional foods with cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Choleva
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Greece.
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Liu Y, Chen F, Ji L, Zhang L, Xu YJ, Dhalla NS. Role of lysophosphatidic acid in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:103-110. [PMID: 31369714 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important lipid molecule for signal transduction in cell proliferation. Although the effects of LPA on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell growth have been reported previously, the underlying mechanisms of its action are not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of some inhibitors of different protein kinases and other molecular targets on LPA-induced DNA synthesis as well as gene expression in the aortic VSM cells. The DNA synthesis was studied by the [3H]thymidine incorporation method and the gene expression was investigated by the real-time PCR technique. It was observed that the LPA-induced DNA synthesis was attenuated by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) (staurosporine, calphostin C, and bisindolylmaleimide), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (wortmannin and LY294002), and ribosomal p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) (rapamycin). The inhibitors of guanine protein coupled receptors (GPCR) (pertussis toxin), phospholipase C (PLC) (U73122 and D609), and sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) (amiloride and dimethyl amiloride) were also shown to depress the LPA-induced DNA synthesis. Furthermore, gene expressions for PLC β1 isoform, PKC δ and ε isoforms, casein kinase II β isoform, and endothelin-1A receptors were elevated by LPA. These results suggest that the LPA-induced proliferation of VSM cells is mediated through the activation of GPCR and multiple protein kinases as well as gene expressions of some of their specific isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130033
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130033
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130033
| | - Lingrui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130033
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Urbahn MA, Kaup SC, Reusswig F, Krüger I, Spelleken M, Jurk K, Klier M, Lang PA, Elvers M. Phospholipase D1 regulation of TNF-alpha protects against responses to LPS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10006. [PMID: 29968773 PMCID: PMC6030188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder with organ dysfunction and represents the leading cause of mortality in non-coronary intensive care units. A key player in septic shock is Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α). Phospholipase (PL)D1 is involved in the regulation of TNF-α upon ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. In this study we analyzed the impact of PLD1 in the regulation of TNF-α, inflammation and organ damage in experimental sepsis. PLD1 deficiency increased survival of mice and decreased vital organ damage after LPS injections. Decreased TNF-α plasma levels and reduced migration of leukocytes and platelets into lungs was associated with reduced apoptosis in lung and liver tissue of PLD1 deficient mice. PLD1 deficient platelets contribute to preserved outcome after LPS-induced sepsis because platelets exhibit an integrin activation defect suggesting reduced platelet activation in PLD1 deficient mice. Furthermore, reduced thrombin generation of PLD1 deficient platelets might be responsible for reduced fibrin formation in lungs suggesting reduced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The analysis of Pld1fl/fl-PF4-Cre mice revealed that migration of neutrophils and cell apoptosis in septic animals is not due to platelet-mediated processes. The present study has identified PLD1 as a regulator of innate immunity that may be a new target to modulate sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Andre Urbahn
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Charlotte Kaup
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friedrich Reusswig
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krüger
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Spelleken
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meike Klier
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University University Medical Center, Moorenstraße.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Postprandial effects of wine consumption on Platelet Activating Factor metabolic enzymes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 130:23-29. [PMID: 28323197 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory mediator that is involved in the initiation and the prolongation of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of wine consumption on the activity of PAF metabolic enzymes and on IL-6 levels as a cytokine inflammatory marker. Healthy men participated in 4 daily trials and consumed a standardized meal along with Robola wine (trial R), or Cabernet Sauvignon (trial CS), or ethanol solution (trial E), or water (trial W). A significant trial effect was found in the activity of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF AT) (ptrial=0.01). In specific, R trial decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial (p=0.03) while a trend for differentiation was observed between CS trial and E one (p=0.06) as well as between R trial and W one (p=0.07). Concerning PAF-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) activity, a significant trial effect was found (ptrial<0.00). Specifically, both R (p=0.002) and CS (p=0.001) trials decreased enzyme activity compared to E trial. Concerning lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) no time either trial effect was observed. Concerning IL-6 levels a significant time effect was found (ptime<0.00) while no trial effect was revealed. In conclusion, the protective effect of wine consumption could partly be explained through the modulation of PAF metabolism by wine micro-constituents that lead to lower PAF levels.
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Wine consumption reduced postprandial platelet sensitivity against platelet activating factor in healthy men. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1485-1492. [PMID: 26936842 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory and thrombotic mediator that participates in the initiation and prolongation of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of wine consumption on platelet aggregation against PAF. METHODS The study had cross-over design. Ten healthy men participated in four daily trials on separate days: They consumed a standardized meal along with white wine, Robola variety (trial R), or red wine, Cabernet Sauvignon variety (trial CS), or an ethanol solution (trial E), or water (trial W). Blood samples were collected before and after meal consumption and at several time points during the next 6 h. Platelet aggregation against PAF (EC50 values) and several blood biomarkers were measured, and incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) were calculated. RESULTS A significant trial effect was found in platelet sensitivity against PAF (p trial = 0.01). Moreover, the iAUC-PAF EC50 of CS trial was higher compared to both iAUC-PAF EC50 of E and W trials (P = 0.04, P = 0.02). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 iAUC was higher in all alcoholic beverages compare with the one of W trial (P E = 0.05, P R = 0.01, P CS = 0.01). Triacylglycerol iAUC increased significantly only in E compared to W trial (P = 0.04) and were significantly lower at 60-120 min in wine trials compared to the one of E (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Wine consumption improved platelet sensitivity independently of alcohol, kept triacylglycerols at lower levels during their postprandial elevation, and did not affect plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels more adversely than ethanol per se.
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Li YF, Li RS, Samuel SB, Cueto R, Li XY, Wang H, Yang XF. Lysophospholipids and their G protein-coupled receptors in atherosclerosis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:70-88. [PMID: 26594106 DOI: 10.2741/4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are bioactive lipid-derived signaling molecules generated by the enzymatic and chemical processes of regiospecific phospholipases on substrates such as membrane phospholipids (PLs) and sphingolipids (SLs). They play a major role as extracellular mediators by activating G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and stimulating diverse cellular responses from their signaling pathways. LPLs are involved in various pathologies of the vasculature system including coronary heart disease and hypertension. Many studies suggest the importance of LPLs in their association with the development of atherosclerosis, a chronic and severe vascular disease. This paper focuses on the pathophysiological effects of different lysophospholipids on atherosclerosis, which may promote the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and strokes. Their atherogenic biological activities take place in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, platelets, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Li
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA ; Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Center, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Center, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China
| | - Sonia B Samuel
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xin-Yuan Li
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Mechanism by which nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kB) regulates ovine fetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 4:11-8. [PMID: 26966681 PMCID: PMC4777924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) modulates ovine fetal pulmonary hemodynamic. PAF acts through its receptors (PAFR) in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) to phosphorylate and induce nuclear translocation of NF-kB p65 leading to PVSMC proliferation. However, the interaction of NF-kB p65 and PAF in the nuclear domain to effect PVSMC cell growth is not clearly defined. We used siRNA-dependent translation initiation arrest to study a mechanism by which NF-kB p65 regulates PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation. Our hypotheses are: (a) PAF induces NF-kB p65 DNA binding and (b) NF-kB p65 siRNA attenuates PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation. For DNA binding, cells were fed 10 nM PAF with and without PAFR antagonists WEB 2170, CV 3988 or BN 52021 and incubated for 12 h. DNA binding was measured by specific ELISA. For NF-kB p65 siRNA effect, starved cells transfected with the siRNA were incubated for 24 h with and without 10 nM PAF. Cell proliferation was measured by DNA synthesis while expression of NF-kB p65 and PAFR protein was measured by Western blotting. In both studies, the effect of 10% FBS alone was used as the positive control. In general, PAF stimulated DNA binding which was inhibited by PAFR antagonists. siRNAs to NF-kB p65 and PAFR significantly attenuated cell proliferation compared to 10% FBS and PAF effect. Inclusion of PAF in siRNA-treated cells did not reverse inhibitory effect of NF-kB p65 siRNA on DNA synthesis. PAFR expression was inhibited in siRNA-treated cells. These data show that PAF-stimulation of PVSMC proliferation occurs via a PAFR-NF-kB p65 linked pathway.
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Alkerwi A, Shivappa N, Crichton G, Hébert JR. No significant independent relationships with cardiometabolic biomarkers were detected in the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg study population. Nutr Res 2014; 34:1058-65. [PMID: 25190219 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an influx of research interest regarding the anti-inflammatory role that diet has in chronic and metabolic diseases. A literature-based dietary inflammatory index (DII) that can be used to characterize the inflammation-modulating capacity of individuals' diets has even been developed and validated in an American population. We hypothesized that the DII could predict levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), which is an important inflammatory marker, as well as metabolic measures that include the metabolic syndrome and its components in European adults. This hypothesis was tested according to data from 1352 participants from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg study, a nationwide, cross-sectional survey based in Luxembourg. Statistical methods consisted of descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The DII ranged from a minimum of -4.02 (most anti-inflammatory) to a maximum of 4.00 points, with a mean value of -0.41. Participants with higher DII score were significantly younger and had lower body mass index, waist circumferences, and systolic blood pressure levels. Other cardiovascular biomarkers including diastolic blood pressure, CRP, lipids, and glycemic biomarkers did not vary significantly across DII tertiles. Participants with proinflammatory (>1) DII scores had increased adjusted odds (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.13) of having a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with those with anti-inflammatory scores (DII ≤1). There were no significant relationships between high-sensitivity CRP and the DII. This study, which tested the inflammatory capacity of the DII outside the United States, did not detect a significant independent relationship with cardiometabolic biomarkers, by using Food Frequency Questionnaire-collected data. These results are informative and representative of a relevant step in directing future research for nutrition and diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Alkerwi
- Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Georgina Crichton
- Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, Centre d'Etudes en Santé, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg; Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, School of Health Sciences BJ2-36, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Pivotal role of phospholipase D1 in tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation and scar formation after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2450-64. [PMID: 25046692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial inflammation is critical for ventricular remodeling after ischemia. Phospholipid mediators play an important role in inflammatory processes. In the plasma membrane they are degraded by phospholipase D1 (PLD1). PLD1 was shown to be critically involved in ischemic cardiovascular events. Moreover, PLD1 is coupled to tumor necrosis factor-α signaling and inflammatory processes. However, the impact of PLD1 in inflammatory cardiovascular disease remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the impact of PLD1 in tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated activation of monocytes after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion using a mouse model of myocardial infarction. PLD1 expression was highly up-regulated in the myocardium after ischemia/reperfusion. Genetic ablation of PLD1 led to defective cell adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells into the infarct border zone 24 hours after ischemia/reperfusion injury, likely owing to reduced tumor necrosis factor-α expression and release, followed by impaired nuclear factor-κB activation and interleukin-1 release. Moreover, PLD1 was found to be important for transforming growth factor-β secretion and smooth muscle α-actin expression of cardiac fibroblasts because myofibroblast differentiation and interstitial collagen deposition were altered in Pld1(-/-) mice. Consequently, infarct size was increased and left ventricular function was impaired 28 days after myocardial infarction in Pld1(-/-) mice. Our results indicate that PLD1 is crucial for tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation and transforming growth factor-β-mediated collagen scar formation, thereby augmenting cardiac left ventricular function after ischemia/reperfusion.
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Ayaz G, Batar B, Kanigur G, Guven M, Onaran I, Karadag B, Ilerigelen B, Dirican A, Ulutin T. The association of MDR1 C3435T and G2677T/A polymorphisms with plasma platelet-activating factor levels and coronary artery disease risk in Turkish population. Gene 2013; 527:301-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fontbonne H, Puigserver A, Bouza B, Lombardo D, Ajandouz EH. Activation of bile salt dependent lipase by (lyso)phosphatidic acid and platelet activating factor. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3002-7. [PMID: 23891620 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The activity of breast milk BSDL was assayed with or without phospholipids as extra-intestinal effector candidates. Phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid and platelet activating factor but not phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine stimulated BSDL activity at least as efficiently as taurocholate. The apparent dissociation constants of PA and LPA at saturating concentrations of three different substrates were between 0.1 and 13.4 μM and that of PAF was below or equal to 200 pM. Kinetic data suggested the existence of at least one binding site for each of these effectors. PA, LPA and PAF are likely extra-intestinal modulators of BSDL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Fontbonne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2 UMR 7313, Case 342, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France
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Nankar SA, Bajaj P, Sravanthi R, Pande AH. Differential interaction of peptides derived from C-terminal domain of human apolipoprotein E with platelet activating factor analogs. Biochimie 2013; 95:1196-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Donovan EL, Pettine SM, Hickey MS, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Lipidomic analysis of human plasma reveals ether-linked lipids that are elevated in morbidly obese humans compared to lean. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:24. [PMID: 23672807 PMCID: PMC3663699 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipidomic analysis was performed to explore differences in lipid profiles between plasma from lean and obese subjects, followed by in vitro methods to examine a role for the identified lipids in endothelial cell pathophysiology. METHODS Plasma was collected from 15 morbidly obese and 13 control subjects. Lipids were extracted from plasma and analyzed using LC/MS, and MS/MS to characterize lipid profiles and identify lipids that are elevated in obese subjects compared to lean. RESULTS Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) modelling showed that lipid profiles were significantly different in obese subjects compared to lean. Analysis of lipids that were driving group separation in the OPLS-DA model and that were significantly elevated in the obese group led to identification of a group of ether-linked phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids of interest. Treatment of human coronary artery endothelial cells with the ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine induced expression of cell adhesion molecules, a hallmark of endothelial cell activation. However, oxidized phosphatidylcholine products that can induce endothelial cell activation in vitro, were not significantly different between groups in vivo. CONCLUSION These data suggest a role for ether-linked lipids in obesity associated dyslipidemia and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Donovan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 8052, USA
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd Grafton, Auckland, NZ 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Matthew S Hickey
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 8052, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 8052, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 8052, USA
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Liu YN, Shu TY, Xie HG, Lai WT, Liao YH, Su MY, Lin YS, Chen YY, Lin YJ, Chong CP, Liu MY. Characterization of in vitro modified human very low-density lipoprotein particles and phospholipids by capillary electrophoresis. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23208377 PMCID: PMC3546697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was used to characterize human very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles for four healthy donors. One major peak was observed for native, in vitro oxidized and glycated VLDL particles. The effective mobilities and peak areas of the capillary electrophoresis (CE) profiles showed good reproducibility and precision. The mobility of the oxidized VLDL peak was higher than that of the native VLDL. The mobility of the glycated VLDL peak was similar to that of the native VLDL. Phospholipids isolated from VLDL particles were analyzed by our recently developed micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with a high-salt stacking method. At absorbance 200 nm, the native VLDL phospholipids showed a major peak and a minor peak for each donor. For oxidized VLDL phospholipids, the area of the major peak reduced for three donors, possibly due to phospholipid decomposition. For glycated VLDL phospholipids, the peak mobilities were more positive than native VLDL phospholipids for two donors, possibly due to phospholipid-linked advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Very interestingly, at absorbance 234 nm, the major peak of oxidized VLDL phospholipids was resolved as two peaks for each donor, possibly due to conjugated dienes formed upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
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Paik JK, Kim JY, Kim OY, Lee Y, Jeong TS, Sweeney G, Jang Y, Lee JH. Circulating and PBMC Lp-PLA2 associate differently with oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation in nonobese women (menopausal status). PLoS One 2012; 7:e29675. [PMID: 22359537 PMCID: PMC3281008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) activity in circulation and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in nonobese women and according to menopausal status. Lp-PLA(2) activity, a marker for cardiovascular risk is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Eighty postmenopausal women (53.0±4.05 yr) and 96 premenopausal women (39.7±9.25 yr) participated in this study. Lp-PLA(2) activities, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β in plasma as well as in PBMCs were measured. Plasma ox-LDL was also measured. Postmenopausal women demonstrated higher circulating levels of ox-LDL and IL-6, as well as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in PBMCs, than premenopausal women. In both groups, plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity positively correlated with Lp-PLA(2) activity in PBMCs and plasma ox-LDL. In premenopausal women, Lp-PLA(2) activities in plasma and PBMCs positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in PBMCs. In postmenopausal women, plasma ox-LDL positively correlated with PBMC cytokine production. In subgroup analysis of postmenopausal women according to plasma ox-LDL level (median level: 48.715 U/L), a significant increase in Lp-PLA(2) activity in the plasma but not the PBMCs was found in the high ox-LDL subgroup. Plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity positively correlated with unstimulated PBMC Lp-PLA(2) activity in the low ox-LDL subgroup (r = 0.627, P<0.001), whereas in the high ox-LDL circulating Lp-PLA(2) activity positively correlated with plasma ox-LDL (r = 0.390, P = 0.014) but not with Lp-PLA(2) activity in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The lack of relation between circulating Lp-PLA(2) activity and Lp-PLA(2) activity in PBMCs was found in postmenopausal women with high ox-LDL. This may indicate other sources of circulating Lp-PLA(2) activity except PBMC in postmenopausal women with high ox-LDL. We also demonstrated that circulating Lp-PLA(2) and PBMC secreted Lp-PLA(2) associate differently with markers of oxidative stress and sub clinical inflammation in nonobese women, particularly according to the menopausal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Kyung Paik
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Seoul, Korea & Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiology Division, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Genome Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Medical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chen C, Ochoa LN, Kagan A, Chai H, Liang Z, Lin PH, Yao Q. Lysophosphatidic acid causes endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries and human coronary artery endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:74-83. [PMID: 22424734 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on endothelial functions and molecular alternations in both porcine coronary arteries and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS The vessel rings and HCAECs were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of LPA for different times. Vasomotor reactivity was studied with a myograph tension system. LPA (10 and 50 μM) treatment for the vessel rings significantly reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to bradykinin (×10(-5)M) by 32% and 49%, respectively, compared with the control (P<0.05). LPA decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and immunoreactivity levels in the vessel rings. In HCAECs, LPA reduced eNOS mRNA, phospho-eNOS and total eNOS protein levels. In addition, superoxide anion levels in LPA-treated vessel rings and HCAECs were significantly increased by lucegenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content in LPA-treated HCAECs were substantially decreased. The mRNA levels of reactive oxygen species generating enzymes NOX4 and p40(phox) were increased, while endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 was decreased in response to LPA treatment in HCAECs. Furthermore, exogenous antioxidant molecule selenomethionine (SeMet) effectively reversed these LPA-induced effects in both porcine coronary arteries and HCAECs. CONCLUSIONS LPA causes endothelial dysfunction by a mechanism associated with decreased eNOS expression and increased oxidative stress in porcine coronary arteries and HCAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanygi Chen
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Verouti SN, Fragopoulou E, Karantonis HC, Dimitriou AA, Tselepis AD, Antonopoulou S, Nomikos T, Demopoulos CA. PAF effects on MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion in U-937 monocytes in comparison with OxLDL and IL-1β effects. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:519-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nasopoulou C, Tsoupras AB, Karantonis HC, Demopoulos CA, Zabetakis I. Fish polar lipids retard atherosclerosis in rabbits by down-regulating PAF biosynthesis and up-regulating PAF catabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:213. [PMID: 22087726 PMCID: PMC3229473 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet activating factor (PAF) has been proposed as a key factor and initial trigger in atherosclerosis. Recently, a modulation of PAF metabolism by bioactive food constituents has been suggested. In this study we investigated the effect of fish polar lipid consumption on PAF metabolism. Results The specific activities of four PAF metabolic enzymes; in leukocytes, platelets and plasma, and PAF concentration; either in blood cells or plasma were determined. Samples were acquired at the beginning and at the end of a previously conducted study in male New Zealand white rabbits that were fed for 45 days with atherogenic diet supplemented (group-B, n = 6) or not (group-A, n = 6) with gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipids. The specific activity of PAF-Acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH); a catabolic enzyme of PAF, was decreased in rabbits' platelets of both A and B groups and in rabbits' leukocytes of group A (p < 0.05). On the other hand the specific activity of Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2); the catabolic enzyme of PAF in plasma was increased in both A and B groups in both leukocytes and platelets (p < 0.05). PAF-cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT); a biosynthetic enzyme of PAF showed increased specific activity only in rabbits' leukocytes of group A (p < 0.05). Neither of the two groups showed any change in Lyso-PAF-acetyltransferase (Lyso-PAF-AT) specific activity (p > 0.05). Free and bound PAF levels increased in group A while decreased in group B (p < 0.05). Conclusions Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipids modulate PAF metabolism upon atherosclerotic conditions in rabbits leading to lower PAF levels and activity in blood of rabbits with reduced early atherosclerotic lesions compared to control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Nasopoulou
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of the Aegean, 2 Metropoliti Ioakim,814 00 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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Yang YL, Chong CP, Tsai MH, Liu MY. Analysis of in vitro oxidized human LDL phospholipids by solid-phase extraction and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:441-8. [PMID: 22392513 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids of in vitro oxidized human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were separated by two different solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods. One of the two methods was designed to test the effects of gradient elution. This SPE method isolated more phospholipids from in vitro oxidized LDL than the other one according to the results of liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC ESI-MS) analysis. A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method was also used to analyze phospholipids separated by SPE. The results of MEKC and LC ESI-MS were consistent for the major phospholipid classes, including PC, lysoPC, PE, PI and PS. The MEKC profiles showed significant differences for native and oxidized LDL phospholipids. Therefore, the unique combination of SPE and MEKC methods showed dramatic distinctions between native and in vitro oxidized human LDL phospholipids. The combination also shows great potential for rapid analysis of in vivo oxidized human LDL phospholipids in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ling Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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Pande AH, Tillu VA. Membrane lipid composition differentially modulates the function of human plasma platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mallat Z, Lambeau G, Tedgui A. Lipoprotein-associated and secreted phospholipases A₂ in cardiovascular disease: roles as biological effectors and biomarkers. Circulation 2010; 122:2183-200. [PMID: 21098459 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.936393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- INSERM, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, UMR, Paris, France
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Chen H, Zheng P, Zhu H, Zhu J, Zhao L, El Mokhtari NE, Eberhard J, Lins M, Jepsen S. Platelet-activating factor levels of serum and gingival crevicular fluid in nonsmoking patients with periodontitis and/or coronary heart disease. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 14:629-36. [PMID: 19826843 PMCID: PMC3128738 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate systemic and local levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent proinflammatory mediator implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology in adult nonsmoking patients with periodontitis with or without coronary heart disease (CHD). Eighty-seven volunteers, 25 periodontitis patients, 19 periodontitis with CHD patients, 19 CHD patients, and 24 healthy controls were included, and periodontal conditions were assessed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and venous blood were collected, and PAF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PAF levels in serum (303.3 ± 204 pg/ml) and in GCF (26.3 ± 6 pg/μl) of the periodontitis group with CHD, the periodontitis group (serum, 302.4 ± 241 pg/ml and GCF, 26.3 ± 8 pg/μl) and the CHD group (serum, 284.7 ± 192 pg/ml and GCF, 20.8 ± 6 pg/μl) were significantly higher than the healthy control group (serum, 65.4 ± 35 pg/ml and GCF, 7.7 ± 3 pg/μl; p < 0.05). In summary, the present study could demonstrate that in patients with periodontitis, the inflammatory mediator PAF is released into serum at least in the same range as for patients with coronary heart disease. However, no additive effects were seen when both conditions were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Zheng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nour Eddine El Mokhtari
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Eberhard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Lins
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr, 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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In vivo anti-atherogenic properties of cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) polar lipid extracts in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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De Keyzer D, Karabina SA, Wei W, Geeraert B, Stengel D, Marsillach J, Camps J, Holvoet P, Ninio E. Increased PAFAH and Oxidized Lipids Are Associated With Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Pigs. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:2041-6. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.196592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
To study the association of PAF-acetyl hydrolase (PAFAH) activity with inflammation, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic swine.
Methods and Results—
Cholesterol-rich diet feeding of miniature pigs was associated with an increase in PAFAH activity and an increase of the PAFAH to PON1 ratio.
PLA2G7
RNA (coding for PAFAH) expression was increased in blood monocytes and plaque macrophages. Increased PAFAH activity was associated with higher plasma lysophosphatidylcholine and correlated with oxidized LDL. In THP1 monocytes and macrophages and in human blood-derived macrophages, oxidized LDL induced
PLA2G7
RNA expression. Atherogenic diet feeding induced the accumulation of macrophages and oxidized LDL in the arterial wall leading to atherosclerosis. PAFAH activity correlated positively with plaque size and
TNFalpha
expression in plaque macrophages.
Conclusions—
We demonstrated that an increase in PAFAH activity was associated with increased levels of lysophosphatidylcholine, oxidized LDL, and inflammation, resulting in accelerated atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic minipigs. The significant correlation between
PLA2G7
RNA expression in plaque macrophages and plasma PAFAH activity suggests that the latter is a consequence, rather than a cause of macrophage accumulation. Our cell experiments suggest that oxidized LDL can induce PAFAH, resulting in accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine that increases the inflammatory action of oxidized LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwke De Keyzer
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Sonia-Athina Karabina
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Wenhzong Wei
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Benjamine Geeraert
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Dominique Stengel
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Judit Marsillach
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Jordi Camps
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Paul Holvoet
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Ewa Ninio
- From the Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.DK., B.G., P.H.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; INSERM UMRS937 (S.A.K., W.W., D.S., E.N.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6 and Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; and Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (J.M., J.C.), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Catalunya, Spain. Current affiliation for W.W.: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
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The role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis may depend on its lipoprotein carrier in plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:327-38. [PMID: 19272461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase exhibits a Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 activity and degrades PAFas well as oxidized phospholipids (oxPL). Such phospholipids are accumulated in the artery wall and may play key roles in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. PAF-acetylhydrolase in plasma is complexed to lipoproteins; thus it is also referred to as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 is primarily associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), whereas a small proportion of circulating enzyme activity is also associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The majority of the LDL-associated Lp-PLA2 (LDL-Lp-PLA2) activity is bound to atherogenic small-dense LDL particles and it is a potential marker of these particles in plasma. The distribution of Lp-PLA2 between LDL and HDL is altered in various types of dyslipidemias. It can be also influenced by the presence of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] when plasma levels of this lipoprotein exceed 30 mg/dl. Several lines of evidence suggest that the role of plasma Lp-PLA2 in atherosclerosis may depend on the type of lipoprotein particle with which this enzyme is associated. In this regard, data from large Caucasian population studies have shown an independent association between the plasma Lp-PLA2 levels (which are mainly influenced by the levels of LDL-Lp-PLA2) and the risk of future cardiovascular events. On the contrary, several lines of evidence suggest that HDL-associated Lp-PLA2 may substantially contribute to the HDL antiatherogenic activities. Recent studies have provided evidence that oxPL are preferentially sequestered on Lp(a) thus subjected to degradation by the Lp(a)-associated Lp-PLA2. These data suggest that Lp(a) may be a potential scavenger of oxPL and provide new insights into the functional role of Lp(a) and the Lp(a)-associated Lp-PLA2 in normal physiology as well as in inflammation and atherosclerosis. The present review is focused on recent advances concerning the Lp-PLA2 structural characteristics, the molecular basis of the enzyme association with distinct lipoprotein subspecies, as well as the potential role of Lp-PLA2 associated with different lipoprotein classes in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Sekiya M, Osuga JI, Nagashima S, Ohshiro T, Igarashi M, Okazaki H, Takahashi M, Tazoe F, Wada T, Ohta K, Takanashi M, Kumagai M, Nishi M, Takase S, Yahagi N, Yagyu H, Ohashi K, Nagai R, Kadowaki T, Furukawa Y, Ishibashi S. Ablation of neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 accelerates atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2009; 10:219-28. [PMID: 19723498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol ester (CE)-laden macrophage foam cells are the hallmark of atherosclerosis, and the hydrolysis of intracellular CE is one of the key steps in foam cell formation. Although hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) and cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH), which is identical to carboxylsterase 1 (CES1, hCE1), were proposed to mediate the neutral CE hydrolase (nCEH) activity in macrophages, recent evidences have suggested the involvement of other enzymes. We have recently reported the identification of a candidate, neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1(Nceh1). Here we demonstrate that genetic ablation of Nceh1 promotes foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis in mice. We further demonstrate that Nceh1 and Lipe mediate a comparable degree of nCEH activity in macrophages and together account for most of the activity. Mice lacking both Nceh1 and Lipe aggravated atherosclerosis in an additive manner. Thus, Nceh1 is a promising target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Singleton PA, Chatchavalvanich S, Fu P, Xing J, Birukova AA, Fortune JA, Klibanov AM, Garcia JGN, Birukov KG. Akt-mediated transactivation of the S1P1 receptor in caveolin-enriched microdomains regulates endothelial barrier enhancement by oxidized phospholipids. Circ Res 2009; 104:978-86. [PMID: 19286607 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.193367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction results in increased vascular permeability, leading to increased mass transport across the vessel wall and leukocyte extravasation, the key mechanisms in pathogenesis of tissue inflammation and edema. We have previously demonstrated that OxPAPC (oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) significantly enhances vascular endothelial barrier properties in vitro and in vivo and attenuates endothelial hyperpermeability induced by inflammatory and edemagenic agents via Rac and Cdc42 GTPase dependent mechanisms. These findings suggested potential important therapeutic value of barrier-protective oxidized phospholipids. In this study, we examined involvement of signaling complexes associated with caveolin-enriched microdomains (CEMs) in barrier-protective responses of human pulmonary ECs to OxPAPC. Immunoblotting from OxPAPC-treated ECs revealed OxPAPC-mediated rapid recruitment (5 minutes) to CEMs of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P(1)), the serine/threonine kinase Akt, and the Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 and phosphorylation of caveolin-1, indicative of signaling activation in CEMs. Abolishing CEM formation (methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) blocked OxPAPC-mediated Rac1 activation, cytoskeletal reorganization, and EC barrier enhancement. Silencing (small interfering RNA) Akt expression blocked OxPAPC-mediated S1P(1) activation (threonine phosphorylation), whereas silencing S1P(1) receptor expression blocked OxPAPC-mediated Tiam1 recruitment to CEMs, Rac1 activation, and EC barrier enhancement. To confirm our in vitro results in an in vivo murine model of acute lung injury with pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability, we observed that selective lung silencing of caveolin-1 or S1P(1) receptor expression blocked OxPAPC-mediated protection from ventilator-induced lung injury. Taken together, these results suggest Akt-dependent transactivation of S1P(1) within CEMs is important for OxPAPC-mediated cortical actin rearrangement and EC barrier protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Singleton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, University of Chicago, Ill 60637, USA.
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Chen R, Chen X, Salomon RG, McIntyre TM. Platelet activation by low concentrations of intact oxidized LDL particles involves the PAF receptor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 29:363-71. [PMID: 19112165 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.178731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial depolarization aids platelet activation. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) contains the medium length oxidatively truncated phospholipid hexadecyl azelaoyl-lysoPAF (HAz-LPAF) that disrupts mitochondrial function in nucleated cells, so oxLDL may augment platelet activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry showed intact oxLDL particles synergized with subthreshold amounts of soluble agonists to increase intracellular Ca2+, and initiate platelet aggregation and surface expression of activated gpIIb/IIIa and P-selectin. oxLDL also induced aggregation and increased intracellular Ca2+ in FURA2-labeled cells by itself at low, although not higher, concentrations. HAz-LPAF, alone and in combination with substimulatory amounts of thrombin, rapidly increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ and initiated aggregation. HAz-LPAF depolarized mitochondria in intact platelets, but this required concentrations beyond those that directly activated platelets. An unexpectedly large series of chemically pure truncated phospholipids generated by oxidative fragmentation of arachidonoyl-, docosahexaneoyl-, or linoleoyl alkyl phospholipids were platelet agonists. The PAF receptor, thought to effectively recognize only phospholipids with very short sn-2 residues, was essential for platelet activation because PAF receptor agonists blocked signaling by all these medium length phospholipids and oxLDL. CONCLUSIONS Intact oxLDL particles activate platelets through the PAF receptor, and the PAF receptor responds to a far wider range of oxidized phospholipids in oxLDL than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Cunningham TJ, Yao L, Lucena A. Product inhibition of secreted phospholipase A2 may explain lysophosphatidylcholines' unexpected therapeutic properties. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2008; 5:17. [PMID: 18945345 PMCID: PMC2580763 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-5-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) are products of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme activity, and like the enzyme, have a direct role in toxic inflammatory responses in variety of organ systems. Paradoxically, reduced plasma lysoPC levels have been noted in sepsis patients and systemic treatment with lysoPCs is therapeutic in rodent models of sepsis and ischemia. These observations suggest that elevation of plasma levels of these lipids can actually help to relieve serious inflammatory conditions. We demonstrate that specific lysoPCs act as uncompetitive product inhibitors of plasma secreted PLA2 enzymes (sPLA2s), especially under conditions of elevated enzyme activity, thus providing a feedback mechanism for the observed anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds. Methods Thin layer chromatography and mass spectroscopy were used to estimate total lysoPC concentration and the relative contributions of different lysoPC species in rat plasma samples. Kinetic studies of sPLA2 enzyme activity were conducted on these samples ex vivo and on purified group IA sPLA2 in vitro after addition of specific lysoPC species to the reaction mixture. Enzyme activity was also measured in plasma samples of rats injected with these same lysoPCs. Results Palmitoyl (16:0), stearoyl (18:0) are the most abundant lysoPCs in rat plasma consistent with other reports. Kinetic studies demonstrated that both were uncompetitive inhibitors of plasma sPLA2 enzyme activity. In vitro experiments with group IA sPLA2 confirmed the inhibition and the kinetic properties of these lysoPC species. Decanoyl lysoPC (10:0), which was not detected in plasma, did not inhibit enzyme activity in vitro. LysoPC injections into normal rats resulted in "buffering" of plasma sPLA2 activity in a narrow low range, consistent with the activity-dependent inhibition suggested by the ex vivo and in vitro experiments. Conclusion The results may explain the efficacy of lysoPC therapy during periods of elevated inflammatory activity and further highlight the utility uncompetitive enzyme inhibitors. In this case, the inhibitor is a product of the enzyme reaction, and therefore represents an example of activity-driven feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Cunningham
- Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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Ibe BO, Abdallah MF, Portugal AM, Raj JU. Platelet-activating factor stimulates ovine foetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of nuclear factor-kappa B and cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:208-29. [PMID: 18336468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is implicated in pathogenesis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN); PAF is a mitogen for lung fibroblasts. PAF's role in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (PVSMC) proliferation and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vein (PV) remodelling has not been established and mechanisms for PAF's cell-proliferative effects are not well understood. We investigated involvement of PAF and PAF receptors in PVSMC proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells from pulmonary arteries (SMC-PA) and veins (SMC-PV) were serum starved for 72 h in 5% CO2 in air (normoxia). They were cultured for 24 h more in normoxia or 2% O(2) (hypoxia) in 0.1% or 10% foetal bovine serum with 5 microCi/well of [(3)H]-thymidine, with and without 10 nm PAF. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), CDK2 and CDK4 protein expression, and their roles in cell proliferation control were studied. RESULTS PAF and hypoxia increased SMC-PA and SMC-PV proliferation. WEB2170 inhibited PAF-induced cell proliferation while lyso-PAF had no effect. SMC-PV proliferated more than SMC-PA and PAF plus hypoxia augmented NF-kappaB protein expression. NF-kappaB inhibitory peptide attenuated PAF-induced cell proliferation by 50% and PAF increased CDK2 and CDK4 protein expression. The data show that hypoxia and PAF up-regulate PVSMC proliferation via PAF receptor-specific pathway involving NF-kappaB, CDK2 and CDK4 activations. CONCLUSION They suggest that in vivo, in foetal lung low-oxygen environment, where PAF level is high, proliferation of PVSMC will occur readily to modulate PV development and that failure of down-regulation of PAF effects postnatally may result in PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ibe
- Division of Neonatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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39
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KARANTONIS HARALABOSC, TSANTILA NEKTARIA, STAMATAKIS GEORGE, SAMIOTAKI MARTINA, PANAYOTOU GEORGE, ANTONOPOULOU SMARAGDI, DEMOPOULOS CONSTANTINOSA. BIOACTIVE POLAR LIPIDS IN OLIVE OIL, POMACE AND WASTE BYPRODUCTS. J Food Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Kalogeropoulos N, Nomikos T, Chiou A, Fragopoulou E, Antonopoulou S. Chemical composition of Greek avgotaracho prepared from mullet (Mugil cephalus): nutritional and health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5916-5925. [PMID: 18576655 DOI: 10.1021/jf8003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Crude composition, lipid composition, and tocopherols, ascorbic acid, cholesterol, phytosterols, and squalene content together with fatty acids and antiplatelet activities of total, neutral, and polar lipids of avgotaracho (wax-covered, dried, and salted Mugil cephalus roe) were studied and compared with those of similar products. Wax and steryl esters accounted for 63.7% of roe lipids followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), which comprised 20.3%. Wax esters were rich in saturated fatty alcohols, monounsaturated fatty acids, and long chain omega3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The fatty acid distribution in roe total and neutral lipids was similar to that of wax esters, while in polar lipids, the omega3 HUFA predominated. Avgotaracho provides significant amounts of protein, fat, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and PC, certain amounts of squalene and phytosterols, and cholesterol at levels comparable to hens' eggs. Total, polar, and neutral lipids of avgotaracho exhibited a strong inhibition of platelet activating factors and thrombin, with polar lipids being more active. The results obtained indicate that avgotaracho is a food of high nutritive value, rich in protein and lipids with a healthy lipid profile in terms of omega3/omega6 ratio and major fatty acid classes, while the antiplatelet activity of its oil indicates a putative antithrombotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Street, 176 71 Athens, Greece.
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41
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Vejux A, Malvitte L, Lizard G. Side effects of oxysterols: cytotoxicity, oxidation, inflammation, and phospholipidosis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 41:545-56. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2008000700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Vejux
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - L. Malvitte
- Hôpital Général, France; Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, France
| | - G. Lizard
- Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, France
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42
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Tsoukatos DC, Brochériou I, Moussis V, Panopoulou CP, Christofidou ED, Koussissis S, Sismanidis S, Ninio E, Siminelakis S. Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase and transacetylase activities in human aorta and mammary artery. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:2240-9. [PMID: 18587071 PMCID: PMC2533414 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800188-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), the potent phospholipid mediator of inflammation, is involved in atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), the enzyme that inactivates PAF bioactivity, possesses both acetylhydrolase and transacetylase activities. In the present study, we measured acetylhydrolase and transacetylase activities in human atherogenic aorta and nonatherogenic mammary arteries. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed PAF-AH expression in the intima and the media of the aorta and in the media of mammary arteries. Acetylhydrolase and transacetylase activities were (mean +/- SE, n = 38): acetylhydrolase of aorta, 2.8 +/- 0.5 pmol/min/mg of tissue; transacetylase of aorta, 3.3 +/- 0.7 pmol/min/mg of tissue; acetylhydrolase of mammary artery, 1.4 +/- 0.3 pmol/min/mg of tissue (P < 0.004 as compared with acetylhydrolase of aorta); transacetylase of mammary artery, 0.8 +/- 0.2 pmol/min/mg of tissue (P < 0.03 as compared with acetylhydrolase of mammary artery). Lyso-PAF accumulation and an increase in PAF bioactivity were observed in the aorta of some patients. Reverse-phase HPLC and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 1-O-hexadecyl-2 acetyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine accounted for 60% of the PAF bioactivity and 1-O-hexadecyl-2-butanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine for 40% of the PAF bioactivity. The nonatherogenic properties of mammary arteries may in part be due to low PAF formation regulated by PAF-AH activity. In atherogenic aortas, an imbalance between PAF-AH and transacetylase activity, as well as lyso-PAF accumulation, may lead to unregulated PAF formation and to progression of atherosclerosis.
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43
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Antithrombotic and antiatherosclerotic properties of olive oil and olive pomace polar extracts in rabbits. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2007:36204. [PMID: 18253466 PMCID: PMC1940054 DOI: 10.1155/2007/36204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil polar lipid (OOPL) extract has been reported to inhibit atherosclerosis development on rabbits. Olive pomace polar lipid (PPL) extract inhibits PAF activity in vitro and the most potent antagonist has been identified as a glycerylether-sn-2-acetyl glycolipid with common structural characteristics with the respective potent antagonist of OOPL. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PPL on early atherosclerosis development on rabbits and to compare it with the antiatherosclerotic effect of OOPL. OOPL and PPL inhibition potency, towards both PAF action and PAF binding, was tested in vitro on washed rabbit platelets. Consequently, rabbits were divided into three groups (A, B, and C). All groups were fed atherogenic diet for 22 days. Atherogenic diets in groups B and C were enriched with OOPL and PPL, respectively. At the end of the experimental time, rabbits were euthanized and aortic samples were examined histopathologically. OOPL and PPL inhibited PAF-induced aggregation, as well as specific PAF binding, with PPL being more potent. Free and bound PAF levels and PAF-AH activity were significantly elevated at the end of the experimental time. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were also found increased. Groups B and C exhibited significantly increased
values of EC50 compared to group A. Histopathological examination revealed that the development of early atherosclerosis lesions in groups B and C were significantly inhibited compared to group A. Significant differences were noted in the early atherosclerosis lesions between groups B and C, thus indicating that PPL exhibit its anti-atherosclerotic activity by blocking PAF receptor. Specific PAF antagonists with similar in vitro and in vivo bioactivity to those that have been previously reported in OOPL exist in PPL.
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44
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Olofsson KE, Andersson L, Nilsson J, Björkbacka H. Nanomolar concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine recruit monocytes and induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:348-52. [PMID: 18371300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been attributed a pro-inflammatory role in atherosclerosis. Cell culture studies have identified stimulation of cytokine expression and chemotaxis by micromolar (muM) concentrations of LPC. In the present study we have investigated if LPC, in similarity with many other lipid mediators, has pro-inflammatory effects also at nanomolar (nM) concentrations. Cultured mouse bone marrow derived and RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to LPC demonstrated two peaks of increased MIP-2 release and mRNA expression; one at 0.1-10nM and another at muM concentrations. Both concentration ranges of LPC were also found to stimulate THP-1 monocyte chemotaxis. However, stimulation of the cells with muM concentrations of LPC may cause cell injury as increased release of lactate dehydrogenase was observed. Our findings demonstrate two peaks of LPC-induced pro-inflammatory activity, one in the nM and one in the muM range, and indicate that the latter may involve a stress response to lipid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina E Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Experimental Cardiovascular Research, CRC Lund University, Building 91:12, Malmö University Hospital, Entrance 72, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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45
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Guo Z, Ran Q, Roberts LJ, Zhou L, Richardson A, Sharan C, Wu D, Yang H. Suppression of atherogenesis by overexpression of glutathione peroxidase-4 in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:343-52. [PMID: 18215741 PMCID: PMC2245803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidized lipids in the arterial wall contributes to atherosclerosis. Glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4) is a hydroperoxide scavenger that removes oxidative modifications from lipids such as free fatty acids, cholesterols, and phospholipids. Here, we set out to assess the effects of GPx4 overexpression on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. The results revealed that atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic tree and aortic sinus of ApoE(-/-) mice overexpressing GPx4 (hGPx4Tg/ApoE(-/-)) were significantly smaller than those of ApoE(-/-) control mice. GPx4 overexpression also diminished signs of advanced lesions in the aortic sinus, as seen by a decreased occurrence of fibrous caps and acellular areas among hGPx4Tg/ApoE(-/-) animals. This delay of atherosclerosis in hGPx4Tg/ApoE(-/-) mice correlated with reduced aortic F(2)-isoprostane levels (R(2)=0.75, p<0.01). In addition, overexpression of GPx4 lessened atherogenic events induced by the oxidized lipids lysophosphatidylcholine and 7-ketocholesterol, including upregulated expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells, as well as endothelial necrosis and apoptosis. These results suggest that overexpression of GPx4 inhibits the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing lipid peroxidation and inhibiting the sensitivity of vascular cells to oxidized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongMao Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | | | - Lichun Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Chakradhari Sharan
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - DongFan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
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Van Eck M, Hoekstra M, Hildebrand RB, Yaong Y, Stengel D, Kruijt JK, Sattler W, Tietge UJF, Ninio E, Van Berkel TJC, Praticò D. Increased Oxidative Stress in Scavenger Receptor BI Knockout Mice With Dysfunctional HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2413-9. [PMID: 17717299 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.145474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
In the current study the effect of disruption of SR-BI, a prominent regulator of HDL metabolism, on the activity of the HDL-associated antioxidant enzymes PON1 and PAF-AH as well as in vivo oxidative stress were investigated.
Methods and Results—
SR-BI deficiency resulted in 1.4-fold (
P
<0.001) and 1.6-fold (
P
<0.01) lower serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activity of PON1, respectively. Furthermore, a trend to slightly lower PAF-AH activity was observed. In vivo oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring isoprostane F2α-VI (iPF2α-VI) and protein carbonyls. Compared with wild-type animals, SR-BI knockouts had 1.4-fold (
P
<0.05) higher levels of plasma iPF2α-VI, whereas urinary excretion was increased 2-fold (
P
<0.0001). Plasma carbonyls were 1.5-fold (
P
<0.05) higher in SR-BI knockout animals. Furthermore, iPF2α-VI and carbonyl levels were 2.1-fold (
P
<0.01) and 1.4-fold (
P
<0.01), respectively, increased in livers of SR-BI knockout mice, and in reaction to the increased oxidative stress the expression of several endogenous antioxidant systems was upregulated. On challenging the SR-BI knockout mice with an atherogenic Western-type diet, a further increase in oxidative stress in these animals was observed.
Conclusion—
SR-BI deficiency results in a reduced activity of the antioxidant enzyme PON1 and a significant increase in oxidative stress, potentially contributing to the proatherogenic effect of SR-BI deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Van Eck
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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47
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Ho YL, Chiu JH, Wu CY, Liu MY. Separation and determination of in vitro oxidized phospholipids by capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2007; 367:210-8. [PMID: 17553450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was used to determine in vitro oxidized phosphatidyl choline (ox-PC). To optimize the capillary electrophoresis (CE) conditions, organic buffer additives, buffer ionic strength, buffer pH, and applied voltage were examined. The optimal CE separation buffer chosen was an aqueous-organic solvent system containing 10% sodium phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH 7.40), 80% methanol, and 10% acetonitrile. One major peak with a small shoulder was found for phosphatidyl choline (PC), whereas one major peak and a complex region containing several lower-mobility peaks were found for ox-PC. The lower-mobility species of ox-PC has high levels of conjugated dienes characterized by strong absorbance at 234 nm. The electropherograms of PC and ox-PC were significantly different and highly reproducible. The intensities of lower-mobility species decreased significantly when the antioxidant vitamin C concentration was increased from 6 to 600 microM. This study provides a simple CZE method to differentiate in vitro oxidized from nonoxidized PC molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
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48
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Ciervo A, Mancini F, Cassone A. Transcription, expression, localization and immunoreactivity of Chlamydophila pneumoniae Phospholipase D protein. Microb Pathog 2007; 43:96-105. [PMID: 17570631 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae, a recognized aethiological agent of respiratory infection, is also suspected to play a immuno-pathogenetic role in atherosclerosis by contributing to inflammation and plaque instability. Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, in protein transport and signal transduction, all events which can direct or indirect impact on virulence and inflammatory response. To better understand the role of PLD in cell biology and infection by C. pneumoniae, we cloned and expressed the pld gene in Escherichia coli and generated the recombinant PLD (rCpPLD). This product was highly immunogenic in mice, and capable to efficiently detect anti-PLD antibodies in humans. As shown by real-time PCR, PLD gene was expressed in a bi-phasic pattern, with transcriptional peaks corresponding to early and late chlamydial development. Fluorescence microscopy showed that CpPLD localized mostly in the center of inclusion bodies between 8 and 48h from infection and at the periphery of inclusions at 72h. Overall, PLD appears consistently expressed during the developmental cycle of C. pneumoniae and is sensed by the host as an antigen target during infection/exposure to this microorganism. rCpPLD may be a useful tool for future studies concerning the role that this enzyme plays in the pathology of, and immune response to, C. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ciervo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immuno-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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49
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Wootton PTE, Flavell DM, Montgomery HE, World M, Humphries SE, Talmud PJ. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 A379V variant is associated with body composition changes in response to exercise training. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 17:24-31. [PMID: 17174223 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein-associated PLA2 (Lp-PLA2) hydrolyses the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids, in particular platelet activating factor (PAF), generating significant amounts of Lyso-PAF which in turn, via a remodelling pathway, can generate arachidonic acid (AA) from alkyl-acyl-glycerophosphorylcholine. AA is a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis, which regulates adipogenesis through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subfamily. AA may also modulate skeletal muscle growth. We investigated the association of the PLA2G7 A379V variant with changes in body composition in a longitudinal study of 123 male Caucasian army recruits over 10 weeks of intensive physical training. There was no effect of genotype on baseline measures. However, after exercise training, homozygosity for the 379V allele was associated with a decrease in percentage adipose tissue mass (-3.61+/-1.14%), compared to AV (-1.67+/-0.38%) and AA (-1.09+/-0.24%) genotypes (p=0.01), and a significant mean increase (3.51+/-1.17%) in percentage lean mass, compared to AV (1.64+/-0.38%) and AA (1.10+/-0.24%) recruits (p=0.02). The association of this genotype with changes in body composition after training suggests a novel role for Lp-PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T E Wootton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Rayne Building, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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50
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Gora S, Lambeau G, Bollinger JG, Gelb M, Ninio E, Karabina SA. The proinflammatory mediator Platelet Activating Factor is an effective substrate for human group X secreted phospholipase A2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1761:1093-9. [PMID: 16962371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) is a potent mediator of inflammation whose biological activity depends on the acetyl group esterified at the sn-2 position of the molecule. PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), a secreted calcium-independent phospholipase A(2), is known to inactivate PAF by formation of lyso-PAF and acetate. However, PAF-AH deficient patients are not susceptible to the biological effects of inhaled PAF in airway inflammation, suggesting that other enzymes may regulate extracellular levels of PAF. We therefore examined the hydrolytic activity of the recently described human group X secreted phospholipase A(2) (hGX sPLA(2)) towards PAF. Among different sPLA(2)s, hGX sPLA(2) has the highest affinity towards phosphatidylcholine (PC), the major phospholipid of cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins. Our results show that unlike group IIA, group V, and the pancreatic group IB sPLA(2), recombinant hGX sPLA(2) can efficiently hydrolyze PAF. The hydrolysis of PAF by hGX sPLA(2) rises abruptly when the concentration of PAF passes through its critical micelle concentration suggesting that the enzyme undergoes interfacial binding and activation to PAF. In conclusion, our study shows that hGX sPLA(2) may be a novel player in PAF regulation during inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gora
- INSERM U525, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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