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YAMAGUCHI T, YONEYAMA M, ONAKA Y, OGITA K. A novel model of sensorineural hearing loss induced by repeated exposure to moderate noise in mice: the preventive effect of resveratrol. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:381-388. [PMID: 38369331 PMCID: PMC11061573 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) induced by noise has increased in recent years due to personal headphone use and noisy urban environments. The study shows a novel model of gradually progressive SNHL induced by repeated exposure to moderate noise (8-kHz octave band noise, 90-dB sound pressure level) for 1 hr exposure per day in BALB/cCr mice. The results showed that the repeated exposure led to gradually progressive SNHL, which was dependent on the number of exposures, and resulted in permanent hearing loss after 5 exposures. Repeated exposure to noise causes a loss of synapses between the inner hair cells and the peripheral terminals of the auditory nerve fibers. Additionally, there is a reduction in the expression levels of c-fos and Arc, both of which are indicators of cochlear nerve responses to noise exposure. Oral administration of resveratrol (RSV, 50 mg/kg/day) during the noise exposure period significantly prevented the noise exposure-induced synapse loss and SNHL. Furthermore, the study found that RSV treatment prevented the noise-induced increase in the gene expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β in the cochlea. These results demonstrated the potential usefulness of RSV in preventing noise-induced SNHL in the animal model established as gradually progressive SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro YAMAGUCHI
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori YONEYAMA
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke ONAKA
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu OGITA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University,
Osaka, Japan
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Venkat R, Verma E, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Dutta U, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. The Journey of Resveratrol from Vineyards to Clinics. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:183-220. [PMID: 35993769 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising technological advancements, several factors influence the lifestyle of people and stimulate chronic inflammation that severely affects the human body. Chronic inflammation leads to a broad range of physical and pathophysiological distress. For many years, non-steroidal drugs and corticosteroids were most frequently used in treating inflammation and related ailments. However, long-term usage of these drugs aggravates the conditions of chronic diseases and is presented with morbid side effects, especially in old age. Hence, the quest for safe and less toxic anti-inflammatory compounds of high therapeutic potential with least adverse side effects has shifted researchers' attention to ancient medicinal system. Resveratrol (RSV) - 3,4,5' trihydroxystilbene is one such naturally available polyphenolic stilbene derivative obtained from various plant sources. For over 2000 years, these plants have been used in Asian medicinal system for curing inflammation-associated disorders. There is a wealth of in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence that shows RSV could induce anti-aging health benefits including, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytoesterogenic, and cardio protective properties. However, the issue of rapid elimination of RSV through the metabolic system and its low bio-availability is of paramount importance which is being studied extensively. Therefore, in this article, we scientifically reviewed the molecular targets, biological activities, beneficial and contradicting effects of RSV as evinced by clinical studies for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-mediated chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Venkat
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Oxidative Stress and Total Phenolics Concentration in COPD Patients-The Effect of Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091947. [PMID: 35565914 PMCID: PMC9105366 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from exercise intolerance, the sensation of dyspnea, and fatigue, which are the main reasons for limiting their physical activity. In addition to changes in the respiratory and circulatory systems in patients with COPD, peripheral muscle dysfunction, with numerous metabolic dysfunctions, is observed. One of the symptoms of the described anomalies, among others, is an antioxidative and prooxidative imbalance. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the impact of endurance training, carried out in the extended pulmonary rehabilitation program in COPD patients, on the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants in their bodies. Methods: The tests were carried out on a group of patients (n = 32) with COPD; 20 randomly selected people underwent a modified rehabilitation program during their rehabilitation stay, and the obtained results were compared with the results of 12 patients (control group) who were treated without endurance training. At the beginning and at the end of the study, spirometry and cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) were performed. Oxidative stress (allantoin (All) and substances which react with thiobarbituric acid) and antioxidant (ferric reducing ability of plasma and total phenolics) parameters’ concentrations were determined in the venous blood. Results: In the study group, greater post-training increases of VO2max (p = 0.0702) and FEV1/FVC (p < 0.05; ES: 0.436) were reported. The applied CPET at each time caused an increase in the All concentration (p < 0.05) in the study and control groups. Conclusions: Endurance training applied as a part of the rehabilitation process did not cause the additional aggravation of oxidative stress and blood total phenolics concentration.
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Voglhuber J, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Abdellatif M, Sedej S. Targeting Cardiovascular Risk Factors Through Dietary Adaptations and Caloric Restriction Mimetics. Front Nutr 2021; 8:758058. [PMID: 34660673 PMCID: PMC8514725 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.758058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The average human life expectancy continues to rise globally and so does the prevalence and absolute burden of cardiovascular disease. Dietary restriction promotes longevity and improves various cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. However, low adherence to caloric restriction renders this stringent dietary intervention challenging to adopt as a standard practice for cardiovascular disease prevention. Hence, alternative eating patterns and strategies that recapitulate the salutary benefits of caloric restriction are under intense investigation. Here, we first provide an overview of alternative interventions, including intermittent fasting, alternate-day fasting and the Mediterranean diet, along with their cardiometabolic effects in animal models and humans. We then present emerging pharmacological alternatives, including spermidine, NAD+ precursors, resveratrol, and metformin, as promising caloric restriction mimetics, and briefly touch on the mechanisms underpinning their cardiometabolic and health-promoting effects. We conclude that implementation of feasible dietary approaches holds the promise to attenuate the burden of cardiovascular disease and facilitate healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Voglhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institute Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Martelli A, Flori L, Gorica E, Piragine E, Saviano A, Annunziata G, Di Minno MND, Ciampaglia R, Calcaterra I, Maione F, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Calderone V. Vascular Effects of the Polyphenolic Nutraceutical Supplement Taurisolo ®: Focus on the Protection of the Endothelial Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051540. [PMID: 34063322 PMCID: PMC8147644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and functionality represents an unmet medical need. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction leads to decreased nitric oxide biosynthesis, which is prodromic of hypertension and hypercoagulability. In this panorama, the nutraceutical supplement Taurisolo®, a polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape, rich in catechin and procyanidins, was evaluated as a vasoprotective, vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anti-coagulant agent in: cell lines, isolated vessels, in vivo models of chronic hypertension and hypercoagulability, and in clinical tests of endothelial reactivity. Taurisolo® demonstrated to fully protect vascular cell viability from oxidative stimulus at 100 µg/mL and evoke vasorelaxing effects (Emax = 80.6% ± 1.9 and pEC50 = 1.19 ± 0.03) by activation of the Sirtuins-AMPK-pathway. Moreover, Taurisolo®, chronically administered at 20 mg/Kg/die in in vivo experiments, inhibited the onset of cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/rat weight = 3.96 ± 0.09 vs. 4.30 ± 0.03), hypercoagulability (decrease of fibrinogen vs. control: p < 0.01) and hypertension (mean of Psys: 200 ± 2 vs. control 234 ± 2 mmHg) and improved endothelial function (Emax = 88.9% ± 1.5 vs. control 59.6% ± 3.6; flow-mediated dilation in healthy volunteers after 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks vs. baseline: p = 0.019). In conclusion, Taurisolo® preserves the vascular function against ox-inflamm-ageing process and the consequent cardiovascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinic Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Weaver SR, Rendeiro C, McGettrick HM, Philp A, Lucas SJE. Fine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular health. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1-28. [PMID: 32303823 PMCID: PMC7867547 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Red wine polyphenols (RWP) are plant-based molecules that have been extensively studied in relation to their protective effects on vascular health in both animals and humans. The aim of this review was to quantify and compare the efficacy of RWP and pure resveratrol on outcomes measures of vascular health and function in both animals and humans. METHODS Comprehensive database searches were carried out through PubMed, Web of Science and OVID for randomised, placebo-controlled studies in both animals and humans. Meta-analyses were carried out on acute and chronic studies of RWP in humans, alongside sub-group analysis where possible. Risk-of-bias assessment was carried out for all included studies based on randomisation, allocation, blinding, outcome data reporting, and other biases. RESULTS 48 animal and 37 human studies were included in data extraction following screening. Significant improvements in measures of blood pressure and vascular function following RWP were seen in 84% and 100% of animal studies, respectively. Human studies indicated significant improvements in systolic blood pressure overall (- 2.6 mmHg, 95% CI: [- 4.8, - 0.4]), with a greater improvement in pure-resveratrol studies alone (- 3.7 mmHg, 95% CI: [- 7.3, - 0.0]). No significant effects of RWP were seen in diastolic blood pressure or flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. CONCLUSION RWP have the potential to improve vascular health in at risk human populations, particularly in regard to lowering systolic blood pressure; however, such benefits are not as prevalent as those observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Weaver
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Wang Z, Guo W, Yi F, Zhou T, Li X, Feng Y, Guo Q, Xu H, Song X, Cao L. The Regulatory Effect of SIRT1 on Extracellular Microenvironment Remodeling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:89-96. [PMID: 33390835 PMCID: PMC7757024 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins family is well known by its unique nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase function. The most-investigated member of the family, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), accounts for deacetylating a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, such as p53, the Forkhead box O (FOXO), and so on. It serves as a pivotal regulator in various intracellular biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA damage response, genome stability maintenance and tumorigenesis. Although the most attention has been focused on its intracellular functions, the regulatory effect on extracellular microenvironment remodeling of SIRT1 has been recognized by researchers recently. SIRT1 can regulate cell secretion process and participate in glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine function, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the advances in the understanding of SIRT1 on remodeling the extracellular microenvironment, which may provide new ideas for pathogenesis investigation and guidance for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Wendong Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Xiaoman Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Yanling Feng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Hongde Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
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Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Soria-Florido MT, Llorach R, Mattivi F, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for berries and grapes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:17. [PMID: 32967625 PMCID: PMC7509942 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grapes and berries are two types of widely consumed fruits characterized by a high content in different phytochemicals. However, their accurate dietary assessment is particularly arduous, because of the already wide recognized bias associated with self-reporting methods, combined with the large range of species and cultivars and the fact that these fruits are popularly consumed not only in fresh and frozen forms but also as processed and derived products, including dried and canned fruits, beverages, jams, and jellies. Reporting precise type and/or quantity of grape and berries in FFQ or diaries can obviously be affected by errors. Recently, biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) rose as a promising tool to provide accurate information indicating consumption of certain food items. Protocols for performing systematic reviews in this field, as well as for assessing the validity of candidate BFIs have been developed within the Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBAll) Project. This paper aims to evaluate the putative BIFs for blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, blackcurrant, and grapes. Candidate BFIs for grapes were resveratrol metabolites and tartaric acid. The metabolites considered as putative BFI for berries consumption were mostly anthocyanins derivatives together with several metabolites of ellagitannins and some aroma compounds. However, identification of BFIs for single berry types encountered more difficulties. In the absence of highly specific metabolites reported to date, we suggested some multi-metabolite panels that may be further investigated as putative biomarkers for some berry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulaszewska
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility - ProMeFa, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Slavador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Soria-Florido
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Llorach
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trent, Trento, Italy
| | - C Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Protective Effects of Polyphenols Present in Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2097096. [PMID: 32831990 PMCID: PMC7428938 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2097096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction tends to be the initial indicator in proinflammatory state and macro- and microvascular complications, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that certain compounds in diet can generate beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease due to its interactions with endothelial cells. Thus, this review is aimed at investigating whether certain polyphenols present in the Mediterranean diet, specifically catechin, quercetin, resveratrol, and urolithin, could exert positive effects on endothelial dysfunction. After analysis of numerous papers, we found that polyphenols aiding endothelial function is beneficial not only for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or endothelial dysfunction but for all people as it can improve the effects of aging on the endothelia. The additional benefit of these polyphenols on weight loss further improves health and lowers the risk of several diseases, including those caused by endothelial dysfunction. However, it is important to note that the dosages in the majorities of the studies mentioned in this review were of supplemental rather than nutritionally relevant quantities, and therefore, the recommended dosages are difficult to determine.
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10
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Niknami E, Sajjadi SE, Talebi A, Minaiyan M. Protective Effect of Vitis vinifera (Black Grape) Seed Extract and Oil on Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:102. [PMID: 33042499 PMCID: PMC7518353 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_362_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitis vinifera (black grape) is cultivated worldwide and has numerous oral and therapeutic applications. It has proven anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of black grape seed (hydroalcoholic) extract (BGSE) and black grape seed oil (BGSO) on experimental colitis. Methods BGSE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and BGSO (2, 4, and 8 mL/kg) were administered orally (p.o.) in groups of six male Wistar rats, 2 h before induction of colitis and continued further for 4 days. Prednisolone (4 mg/kg) and mesalamine (100 mg/kg) were used as reference drugs. Weight/length of colons, macroscopic and histopathologic indices, and biochemical parameters including myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. Results All doses of BGSE and BGSO significantly decreased the colon weight, ulcer index, and total colitis index in comparison with the control group, although greater doses of both fractions had more significant protection. Data of MPO activity revealed that all treated groups with the exception of BGSE (50 mg/kg) and BGSO (2 mL/kg) showed a meaningful decline in comparison with the control group. Concerning the MDA values in colonic tissue, it was demonstrated that BGSE (100, 200 mg/kg) and BGSO (8 mL/kg) caused a significant dip in this oxidative stress parameter. Conclusions Oral administration of BGSE and BGSO had an appropriate anti-inflammatory effect and so could be considered as a suitable candidate for treating or preventing ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, detailed studies are warranted to explore the exact mechanism of action and clinical preference of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Niknami
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ebrahim Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Impact of Grape Products on Lipid Profile: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020313. [PMID: 31979098 PMCID: PMC7073656 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence shows that grape polyphenols can improve cardiovascular risk factors. Although there are clear data supporting a beneficial effect of grape supplementation on blood pressure and glucose metabolism, the effects of grape polyphenols on lipid metabolism are still controversial. Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of grape products on lipid profile. Design: A systematic search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases without any language or publication year restriction. The reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually reviewed. RCTs evaluating the impact of grape products/juice/extracts on lipid profile were included. Difference in total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A, apo B before and after administration of grape products or placebo were expressed as mean differences (MD) with pertinent 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The impact of clinical and demographic features on effect size was assessed by meta-regression. Results: The administration of grape products is associated with a significant improvement of lipid profile, as evidenced by changes in TC (MD: −7.6 mg/dL (−0.2 mmol/L); 95% CI: −10.8, −4.4; p < 0.001), HDL-C (MD: 1.4 mg/dL (0.04 mmol/L); 95% CI: 0.8, 1.9; p < 0.001, I2 = 74.7%, p < 0.001), LDL-C (−6.3 mg/dL (−0.16 mmol/L); 95% CI: −9.5, −3.0; p < 0.001), oxLDL-C (MD: −4.5 U/L; 95% CI: −7.5, −1.5; p = 0.003, I2 = 90.6%, p < 0.001), apo B (MD: −2.4 mg/dL (−0.05 µmol/L); 95% CI: −4.5, −0.3; p = 0.026), and TG (MD: −14.5 mg/dL (−0.16 mmol/L); 95% CI: −17.7, −11.2; p < 0.001) levels in subjects receiving grape products compared to placebo. With regard to the extent of the lipid-lowering effect, compared to baseline values, the highest reduction was reported for LDL-C (MD: −5.6 mg/dL (−0.14 mmol/L); 95% CI: −9.5, −1.7; p = 0.005) and for oxLDL-C (MD: −5.0 U/L; 95% CI: −8.8, −1.2; p = 0.010, I2 = 0%, p = 0.470). Conclusions: Grape polyphenols exert a favorable effect on lipid profile in humans by significantly reducing plasma levels of LDL-C and oxLDL-C.
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Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Bletsa E, Panoilia ME, Oikonomou IN, Sinanidis I, Spinou M, Papastavrou A, Kokosias G, Zaromitidou M, Stampouloglou P, Spartalis M, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Papavassiliou AG, Tousoulis D. Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1052-1080. [PMID: 31470773 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190830103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most common pathophysiologic substrate is atherosclerosis which is an inflammatory procedure that starts at childhood and develops throughout life. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and is characterized by the impaired production of nitric oxide. In general, endothelial dysfunction is linked to poor cardiovascular prognosis and different methods, both invasive and non-invasive, have been developed for its evaluation. Ultrasound evaluation of flow mediated dilatation of the branchial artery is the most commonly used method to assessed endothelial function while intracoronary administration of vasoactive agents may be also be used to test directly endothelial properties of the coronary vasculature. Endothelial dysfunction has also been the subject of therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes the knowledge about evaluation of endothelial function in acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease and demonstrates the current therapeutic approaches against endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Evi Panoilia
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Iris Niovi Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Sinanidis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Spinou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Papastavrou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kokosias
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Zaromitidou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Panagiota Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Spartalis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Liberale L, Bonaventura A, Montecucco F, Dallegri F, Carbone F. Impact of Red Wine Consumption on Cardiovascular Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3542-3566. [PMID: 28521683 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170518100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The devastating effects of heavy alcohol drinking have been long time recognized. In the last decades, potential benefits of modest red wine drinking were suggested. In European countries in which red wide intake is not negligible (such as France), the association between cholesterol and cardiovascular (CV) risk was less evident, suggesting the action of some protective molecules in red wine or other foods and drinks. METHODS This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to May 2016. The search terms we used were: "red wine, cardiovascular, alcohol" in combination with "polyphenols, heart failure, infarction". RESULTS Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of a J-shaped relationship between red wine intake and CV risk further supported the "French paradox". Specific components of red wine both in vitro and in animal models were discovered. Polyphenols and especially resveratrol largely contribute to CV prevention mainly through antioxidant properties. They exert beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic diseases, thus reducing the risk of adverse CV events such as myocardial infarction ischemic stroke and heart failure. Of interest, recent studies pointed out the role of ethanol itself as a potential cardioprotective agent, but a clear epidemiological evidence is still missing. The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on the intracellular mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols and ethanol. Furthermore, we summarized the results of epidemiological studies, emphasizing their methodological criticisms and the need for randomized clinical trials able to clarify the potential role of red wine consumption in reducing CV risk. CONCLUSION Caution in avowing underestimation of the global burden of alcohol-related diseases was particularly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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14
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Tuscany Sangiovese grape juice imparts cardioprotection by regulating gene expression of cardioprotective C-type natriuretic peptide. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2953-2968. [PMID: 31707544 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A regular intake of red grape juice has cardioprotective properties, but its role on the modulation of natriuretic peptides (NPs), in particular of C-type NP (CNP), has not yet been proven. The aims were to evaluate: (1) in vivo the effects of long-term intake of Tuscany Sangiovese grape juice (SGJ) on the NPs system in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI); (2) in vitro the response to SGJ small RNAs of murine MCEC-1 under physiological and ischemic condition; (3) the activation of CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C in healthy human subjects after 7 days' SGJ regular intake. METHODS (1) C57BL/6J male and female mice (n = 33) were randomly subdivided into: SHAM (n = 7), MI (n = 15) and MI fed for 4 weeks with a normal chow supplemented with Tuscany SGJ (25% vol/vol, 200 µl/per day) (MI + SGJ, n = 11). Echocardiography and histological analyses were performed. Myocardial NPs transcriptional profile was investigated by Real-Time PCR. (2) MCEC-1 were treated for 24 h with a pool of SGJ small RNAs and cell viability under 24 h exposure to H2O2 was evaluated by MTT assay. (3) Human blood samples were collected from seven subjects before and after the 7 days' intake of Tuscany SGJ. NPs and miRNA transcriptional profile were investigated by Real-Time PCR in MCEC-1 and human blood. RESULTS Our experimental data, obtained in a multimodal pipeline, suggest that the long-term intake of SGJ promotes an adaptive response of the myocardium to the ischemic microenvironment through the modulation of the cardiac CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C system. CONCLUSIONS Our results open new avenue in the development of functional foods aimed at enhancing cardioprotection of infarcted hearts through action on the myocardial epigenome.
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García-Conesa MT, Chambers K, Combet E, Pinto P, Garcia-Aloy M, Andrés-Lacueva C, de Pascual-Teresa S, Mena P, Konic Ristic A, Hollands WJ, Kroon PA, Rodríguez-Mateos A, Istas G, Kontogiorgis CA, Rai DK, Gibney ER, Morand C, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foods and Derived Products Containing Ellagitannins and Anthocyanins on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Analysis of Factors Influencing Variability of the Individual Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030694. [PMID: 29495642 PMCID: PMC5877555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding interindividual variability in response to dietary polyphenols remains essential to elucidate their effects on cardiometabolic disease development. A meta-analysis of 128 randomized clinical trials was conducted to investigate the effects of berries and red grapes/wine as sources of anthocyanins and of nuts and pomegranate as sources of ellagitannins on a range of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. The potential influence of various demographic and lifestyle factors on the variability in the response to these products were explored. Both anthocyanin- and ellagitannin-containing products reduced total-cholesterol with nuts and berries yielding more significant effects than pomegranate and grapes. Blood pressure was significantly reduced by the two main sources of anthocyanins, berries and red grapes/wine, whereas waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were most significantly lowered by the ellagitannin-products, particularly nuts. Additionally, we found an indication of a small increase in HDL-cholesterol most significant with nuts and, in flow-mediated dilation by nuts and berries. Most of these effects were detected in obese/overweight people but we found limited or non-evidence in normoweight individuals or of the influence of sex or smoking status. The effects of other factors, i.e., habitual diet, health status or country where the study was conducted, were inconsistent and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Karen Chambers
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
| | - Paula Pinto
- Biotechnology and Nutrition, Department of Food Technology, ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal.
- Molecular Nutrition Health Laboratory, iBET/ITQB, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciencies, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciencies, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alekxandra Konic Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Wendy J Hollands
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Istas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Christos A Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Dilip K Rai
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Christine Morand
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, UCA, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis-Related Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8526438. [PMID: 29317985 PMCID: PMC5727797 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8526438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Good nutrition could maintain health and life. Polyphenols are common nutrient mainly derived from fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, mushrooms, beverages, and traditional medicinal herbs. They are potential substances against oxidative-related diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease, specifically, atherosclerosis-related ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are health and economic problems recognized worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cigarette smoking as well as the antioxidative activity of polyphenols, which could prevent the pathology of atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammatory process by monocytes, macrophages or T lymphocytes, and platelet aggregation. The strong radical-scavenging properties of polyphenols would exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammation effects. Polyphenols reduce ROS production by inhibiting oxidases, reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting OxLDL formation, suppressing VSMC proliferation and migration, reducing platelet aggregation, and improving mitochondrial oxidative stress. Polyphenol consumption also inhibits the development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Despite the numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, more advanced clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of polyphenols in the treatment of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases.
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Nogueira LDP, Nogueira Neto JF, Klein MRST, Sanjuliani AF. Short-term Effects of Green Tea on Blood Pressure, Endothelial Function, and Metabolic Profile in Obese Prehypertensive Women: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 36:108-115. [PMID: 27797683 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1194236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea consumption has been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in epidemiological studies. Although some interventional trials suggest that green tea has beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, such as hypertension and obesity, others have failed to show such benefits. AIMS To evaluate the short-term effects of green tea on blood pressure, endothelial function, metabolic profile, and inflammatory activity in obese prehypertensive women. METHODS This study was a crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive daily 3 capsules containing either 500 mg of green tea extract (GTE) or a matching placebo for 4 weeks, with a washout period of 2 weeks between treatments. Each GTE capsule contained 260 mg of polyphenols. At the beginning and at the end of each treatment, participants were submitted to evaluation of blood pressure (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, ABPM), endothelial function (Endo-PAT 2000 and cellular adhesion molecules), nutritional parameters, metabolic profile, and biomarkers of inflammation. RESULTS Twenty women age 41.1 ± 8.4 years completed the study. After 4 weeks of GTE supplementation in comparison with placebo, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in systolic blood pressure at 24 hours (-3.61 ± 1.23 vs 1.05 ± 1.34 mmHg), daytime (-3.61 ± 1.26 vs 0.80 ± 1.57 mmHg), and nighttime (-3.94 ± 1.70 vs 1.90 ± 1.66 mmHg). Changes in diastolic blood pressure and in all other parameters did not present a significant difference between GTE and placebo. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that in obese prehypertensive women, short-term daily intake of GTE may decrease blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia de P Nogueira
- a Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology , Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , BRAZIL
| | | | - Márcia R S T Klein
- c Department of Applied Nutrition , Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , BRAZIL
| | - Antonio F Sanjuliani
- a Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology , Rio de Janeiro State University , Rio de Janeiro , BRAZIL
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Dal S, Sigrist S. The Protective Effect of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications. Diseases 2016; 4:E24. [PMID: 28933404 PMCID: PMC5456287 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes is generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress, disequilibrium in the redox balance, implicated in the development and progression of complications such as micro- and macro-angiopathies. Disorders in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium, play an early and critical role in the development of these complications. Blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contractions are quietly associated to oxidative stress. Thus, preserving endothelial function and oxidative stress seems to be an optimization strategy in the prevention of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Diet is a major lifestyle factor that can greatly influence the incidence and the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The notion that foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. Some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to antioxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in diabesity and complications. A significant benefit of phytochemicals (polyphenols in wine, grape, teas), vitamins (ascorbate, tocopherol), minerals (selenium, magnesium), and fruits and vegetables in foods is thought to be capable of scavenging free radicals, lowering the incidence of chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in diabetes and complications, highlight the endothelial dysfunction, and examine the impact of antioxidant foods, plants, fruits, and vegetables, currently used medication with antioxidant properties, in relation to the development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
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Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Resveratrol and Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050250. [PMID: 27144581 PMCID: PMC4882663 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has stimulated research for substances that could improve cardiovascular health. Among them, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic compound notably present in grapes and red wine, has been involved in the “French paradox”. RES is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and for its ability to upregulate endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). RES was able to scavenge •OH/O2•− and peroxyl radicals, which can limit the lipid peroxidation processes. Moreover, in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) under glucose-induced oxidative stress, RES restored the activity of dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme that degrades an endogenous inhibitor of eNOS named asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Thus, RES could improve •NO availability and decrease the endothelial dysfunction observed in diabetes. Preclinical studies have made it possible to identify molecular targets (SIRT-1, AMPK, Nrf2, NFκB…); however, there are limited human clinical trials, and difficulties in the interpretation of results arise from the use of high-dose RES supplements in research studies, whereas low RES concentrations are present in red wine. The discussions on potential beneficial effects of RES in CVDs (atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure) should compare the results of preclinical studies with those of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix Hospital (AP-HP), Paris 75013, France.
- Inserm UMR_S 1166 ICAN, UPMC, La Pitié Hospital, Paris 75013, France.
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Gui J, Potthast A, Rohrbach A, Borns K, Das AM, von Versen-Höynck F. Gestational diabetes induces alterations of sirtuins in fetal endothelial cells. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:788-98. [PMID: 26717002 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes (GDM) has long-term consequences for the offspring. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are associated with vascular and metabolic functions. We studied the impact of GDM on SIRT activity and expression in fetal endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from pregnancies complicated by GDM. METHODS ECFCs and HUVECs were isolated from cord and cord blood of 10 uncomplicated pregnancies (NPs) and 10 GDM pregnancies. Nicotinamidadenindinukleotid (NAD(+)) concentration, SIRT1 and SIRT3 activity, transcription levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4, and protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 were determined in vitro with or without SIRT activators resveratrol (RSV) and paeonol. RESULTS Fetal ECFCs from GDM pregnancies showed a decreased NAD(+) concentration, reduced SIRT1 and SIRT3 activity, and lower transcription levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4. HUVECs from GDM pregnancies had decreased NAD(+) concentrations and transcription levels of SIRT1 and SIRT4. RSV markedly enhanced the expression and activity of SIRTs in ECFCs and HUVECs, while paeonol was active only in ECFCs. CONCLUSION A reduction of SIRT activity and expression in fetal endothelial cells provides potential mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of long-term cardiovascular complications observed in the offspring of GDM pregnancies. SIRT activators can increase SIRT activity in ECFCs, which opens perspectives for new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Arne Potthast
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Rohrbach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Borns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anibh M Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Anand David AV, Arulmoli R, Parasuraman S. Overviews of Biological Importance of Quercetin: A Bioactive Flavonoid. Pharmacogn Rev 2016; 10:84-89. [PMID: 28082789 PMCID: PMC5214562 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.194044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules such as free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. The previous studies showed that the ingestion of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins oxidation and platelet aggregation, and acting as vasodilators in blood vessels. Free radicals are constantly generated resulting in extensive damage to tissues leading to various disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's, renal diseases, cardiac abnormalities, etc., Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties play a vital functions in exhibiting beneficial effects and employed as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate the disease associated with oxidative stress. Flavonoids have existed over one billion years and possess wide spectrum of biological activities that might be able to influence processes which are dysregulated in a disease. Quercetin, a plant pigment is a potent antioxidant flavonoid and more specifically a flavonol, found mostly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits. It is a versatile antioxidant known to possess protective abilities against tissue injury induced by various drug toxicities.
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Li SH, Zhao P, Tian HB, Chen LH, Cui LQ. Effect of Grape Polyphenols on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137665. [PMID: 26375022 PMCID: PMC4572713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of grape polyphenols on blood pressure remains unclear, which we aimed to address via a meta-analysis study. Methods We conducted study trial searches in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. Summary estimates of weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were obtained by using fixed-effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. The protocol details of our meta-analysis have been submitted to the international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews (registration number CRD42015019196). Results Ten studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Our results showed daily grape polyphenol intake could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure by 1.48 mmHg when compared to control subjects (12 comparisons; -1.48 [-2.79 to -0.16] mmHg; P = 0.03). Subgroup analyses indicated larger reduction was identified in the intake of low-dose of grape polyphenols (< 733 mg/day, median level of the included studies) or patients with metabolic syndrome. Contrarily, diastolic blood pressure was not significantly decreased in the grape polyphenols group as compared to controls. No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was detected in the meta-analysis of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions Daily grape polyphenol intake can significantly reduce the systolic blood pressure in humans, although the reduction is modest when compared with anti-hypertensive medications. Larger, better designed trials, that specifically include hypertensive subjects, are required to verify our results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Bo Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang-Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lian-Qun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Aguilera CM, Gil A. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Bioactive Compounds in Cardiovascular Disease: Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2015; 7:5177-216. [PMID: 26132993 PMCID: PMC4516993 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is rising and is the prime cause of death in all developed countries. Bioactive compounds (BAC) can have a role in CVD prevention and treatment. The aim of this work was to examine the scientific evidence supporting phenolic BAC efficacy in CVD prevention and treatment by a systematic review. Databases utilized were Medline, LILACS and EMBASE, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with prospective, parallel or crossover designs in humans in which the effects of BAC were compared with that of placebo/control were included. Vascular homeostasis, blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were considered as primary outcomes. Cohort, ecological or case-control studies were not included. We selected 72 articles and verified their quality based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, establishing diverse quality levels of scientific evidence according to two features: the design and bias risk of a study. Moreover, a grade of recommendation was included, depending on evidence strength of antecedents. Evidence shows that certain polyphenols, such as flavonols can be helpful in decreasing CVD risk factors. However, further rigorous evidence is necessary to support the BAC effect on CVD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belen Pastor-Villaescusa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
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Sodagari HR, Farzaei MH, Bahramsoltani R, Abdolghaffari AH, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N. Dietary anthocyanins as a complementary medicinal approach for management of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:807-20. [PMID: 25586636 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from a chronic or relapsing activation of the immune system in the GI tract. A growing body of evidence confirms the health benefits of dietary anthocyanins as plant-derived natural agents. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of several natural products rich in anthocyanins used worldwide for the treatment of IBD. Anthocyanins possess both protective and therapeutic functions in the management of IBD by alleviating oxidative stress processes, cytoprotective functions, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and suppressing cellular signaling pathways of inflammatory processes. In conclusion, the consumption of anthocyanin-rich natural formulations must be promoted on the basis of their possible function in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sodagari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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25
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Yin Y, Qi F, Song Z, Zhang B, Teng J. Ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. Biosci Trends 2015; 8:217-26. [PMID: 25224628 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2014.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the endothelium is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus (DM). Unfortunately, prevention of the progression of vascular complications of DM remains pessimistic. Ferulic acid and astragaloside IV, isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Angelica sinensis and Radix astragali respectively, exhibit potential cardio-protective and anti-hyperglycemic properties. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanism of ferulic acid and astragaloside IV against vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. After the diabetic rat model was established using streptozotocin, sixty rats were divided into 6 groups (control, model, ferulic acid, astragaloside IV, ferulic acid + astragaloside IV, and metformin) and treated for 10 weeks. Blood samples were collected to measure levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), low density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine (Cr), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and abdominal aorta tissue samples were collected for observing histological morphology changes of endothelium and detecting gene and protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). We found that ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV was capable of improving the structure of the aortic endothelium wall, attenuating the increase of HbAlc, TG, TC, LDL-C and Ox-LDL, promoting the release of NO and eNOS, and inhibiting over-activation of MCP-1, TNF-α, and NF-κB P65, without damage to liver and kidney function. In conclusion, ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV exhibited significant protective effects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats through the NF-κB pathway involving decrease of Ox-LDL, increase of NO and eNOS, and activation of NF-κB P65, MCP-1 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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26
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Antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and antiaging property of proanthocyanidins extracted from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:983484. [PMID: 25628774 PMCID: PMC4299306 DOI: 10.1155/2015/983484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, antitumor effect, and antiaging property of proanthocyanidins from Kunlun Chrysanthemum flowers (PKCF) grown in Xinjiang. In vitro antioxidant experiments results showed that the total antioxidant activity and the scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radicals increased in a concentration-dependent manner and were stronger than those of vitamin C. To investigate the antioxidant activity of PKCF in vivo, we used serum, liver, and kidney from mouse for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Results indicated that PKCF had antioxidative effect in vivo which significantly improved the activity of SOD and T-AOC and decreased MDA content. To investigate the antitumor activity of PKCF, we used H22 cells, HeLa cells, and Eca-109 cells with Vero cells as control. Inhibition ratio and IC50 values were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; PKCF showed great inhibitory activity on H22 cells and HeLa cells. We also used fruit flies as a model for analyzing the anti-aging property of PKCF. Results showed that PKCF has antiaging effect on Drosophila. Results of the present study demonstrated that PKCF could be a promising agent that may find applications in health care, medicine, and cosmetics.
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Dolinsky VW, Dyck JRB. Experimental studies of the molecular pathways regulated by exercise and resveratrol in heart, skeletal muscle and the vasculature. Molecules 2014; 19:14919-47. [PMID: 25237749 PMCID: PMC6271699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise contributes to healthy aging and the prevention of chronic disease. Recent research has focused on the development of molecules, such as resveratrol, that activate similar metabolic and stress response pathways as exercise training. In this review, we describe the effects of exercise training and resveratrol on some of the organs and tissues that act in concert to transport oxygen throughout the body. In particular, we focus on animal studies that investigate the molecular signaling pathways induced by these interventions. We also compare and contrast the effects of exercise and resveratrol in diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and the Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, 601 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 458 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.
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28
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Nakayama H, Tsuge N, Sawada H, Higashi Y. Chronic intake of onion extract containing quercetin improved postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy men. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 32:160-4. [PMID: 23885989 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.797858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have shown that dietary flavonoids reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Onion is rich in quercetin, a strong antioxidant flavonoid. In some in vitro studies, quercetin improved endothelial function associated with atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic onion extract intake would improve postprandial endothelial dysfunction induced by an oral maltose load in healthy men. METHODS Healthy men (44±10 years, n=23) received 4.3 g of onion extract (containing 51 mg of quercetin) once a day for 30 days. Before and after the chronic onion extract intake, fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) responses were measured. RESULTS Maltose loading significantly decreased FMD both before and after chronic onion extract intake (p=0.000037 and p=0.0035, respectively). The chronic onion extract intake did not significantly affect fasting FMD (p=0.069) but improved the postprandial FMD significantly from 5.1%±2.2% to 6.7%±2.6% (p=0.00015). The chronic onion extract intake did not alter systemic and forearm hemodynamics. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that chronic onion extract intake ameliorates postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy men and may be beneficial for improving cardiovascular health.
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29
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Effects of resveratrol and nebivolol on isolated vascular and cardiac tissues from young rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:720386. [PMID: 24696678 PMCID: PMC3950595 DOI: 10.1155/2014/720386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which resveratrol and nebivolol induce vasodilation are not clearly understood. It has been postulated that both agents stimulate the production of nitric oxide; however, this remains to be conclusively established. The major aim of this study was to examine the vasodilatory and antiarrhythmic effects of both resveratrol and nebivolol and to provide further insight into possible mechanisms of action. Cardiac and vascular tissues were isolated from healthy male rodents. Results indicate that resveratrol and nebivolol decrease the action potential duration and induce mild vasorelaxation in aortic and mesenteric segments. Relaxation induced by resveratrol was prevented by the addition of verapamil, N ω -nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, and 4-aminopyridine. This suggests that nebivolol and resveratrol act as putative antiarrhythmic and vasodilatory agents in vitro through possible indirect nitric oxide mechanisms.
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Anderson JW, Waters AR. Raisin consumption by humans: effects on glycemia and insulinemia and cardiovascular risk factors. J Food Sci 2014; 78 Suppl 1:A11-7. [PMID: 23789931 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Raisins are widely recommended as good foods and preferred snacks because of their nutrient content. They are rich in dietary fiber, potassium, and many health-promoting phytonutrients and antioxidants. Raisins have a high dietary fiber score. Laboratory studies document that raisins rank in the upper quartile of foods for antioxidant content. Clinical research related to the potential health benefits of raisins has intensified over the past 10 y. Much of this research has focused on blood glucose and insulin responses to raisins compared to other foods or snacks. Meal studies indicate that raisins have a low to moderate glycemic index and a low insulinemic index. Longer term studies suggest that customary intake of raisins is associated with lower postprandial blood glucose values than with equicaloric control foods. Cross-sectional studies suggest that higher levels of dried fruit consumption are associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than seen with minimal dried fruit use. One clinical study documents that raisin intake over 12 wk is accompanied by a significant reduction in blood pressure. Preliminary results indicate that raisins are associated with increased satiety and decreased food consumption over an 8-h period, but the potential benefits of raisins for weight loss have not been assessed. Raisin intake is accompanied by reductions in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and oxidized low-density cholesterol values. Thus, raisins have the potential to significantly reduce the risk for developing diabetes or cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Anderson
- University of Kentucky, 506 Knapp Farm Drive, Hermitage, TN 37076, U.S.A.
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31
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Assessment of polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity, protection against ROS-induced DNA damage and anticancer activity of Vitis vinifera stem extracts. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds found in foods such as tea, coffee, cocoa, olive oil, and red wine and have been studied to determine if their intake may modify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Historically, biologic actions of polyphenols have been attributed to antioxidant activities, but recent evidence suggests that immunomodulatory and vasodilatory properties of polyphenols may also contribute to CVD risk reduction. These properties will be discussed, and recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials will be reviewed. Further identification of polyphenols in foods and accurate assessment of exposures through measurement of biomarkers (i.e., polyphenol metabolites) could provide the needed impetus to examine the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on CVD intermediate outcomes (especially those signifying chronic inflammation) and hard endpoints among high risk patients. Although we have mechanistic insight into how polyphenols may function in CVD risk reduction, further research is needed before definitive recommendations for consumption can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Tangney
- Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren, Ste 425, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Li SH, Tian HB, Zhao HJ, Chen LH, Cui LQ. The acute effects of grape polyphenols supplementation on endothelial function in adults: meta-analyses of controlled trials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69818. [PMID: 23894543 PMCID: PMC3722169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acute effects of grape polyphenols on endothelial function in adults are inconsistent. Here, we performed meta-analyses to determine these acute effects as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Methods Trials were searched in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library database. Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs were obtained by using random-effects models. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. The protocol details of our meta-analysis have been submitted to the PROSPERO register and our registration number is CRD42013004157. Results Nine studies were included in the present meta-analyses. The results showed that the FMD level was significantly increased in the initial 120 min after intake of grape polyphenols as compared with controls. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed and showed that a health status was the main effect modifier of the significant heterogeneity. Subgroups indicated that intake of grape polyphenols could significantly increase FMD in healthy subjects, and the increased FMD appeared to be more obviously in subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, the peak effect of grape polyphenols on FMD in healthy subjects was found 30 min after ingestion, which was different from the effect in subjects with high cardiovascular risk factors, in whom the peak effect was found 60 min after ingestion. Conclusions Endothelial function can be significantly improved in healthy adults in the initial 2 h after intake of grape polyphenols. The acute effect of grape polyphenols on endothelial function may be more significant but the peak effect is delayed in subjects with a smoking history or coronary heart disease as compared with the healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Bo Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Jin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang-Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lian-Qun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Wong RH, Coates AM, Buckley JD, Howe PR. Evidence for circulatory benefits of resveratrol in humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1290:52-8. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H.X. Wong
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Buckley
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Peter R.C. Howe
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre; University of Newcastle; Callaghan New South Wales Australia
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Paneni F, Volpe M, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F. SIRT1, p66(Shc), and Set7/9 in vascular hyperglycemic memory: bringing all the strands together. Diabetes 2013; 62:1800-7. [PMID: 23704521 PMCID: PMC3661615 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paneni
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Felix Lüscher
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Francesco Cosentino,
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Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A. Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1818-92. [PMID: 22794138 PMCID: PMC3619154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1545] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human intervention trials have provided evidence for protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While there are considerable data suggesting benefits of (poly)phenol intake, conclusions regarding their preventive potential remain unresolved due to several limitations in existing studies. Bioactivity investigations using cell lines have made an extensive use of both (poly)phenolic aglycones and sugar conjugates, these being the typical forms that exist in planta, at concentrations in the low-μM-to-mM range. However, after ingestion, dietary (poly)phenolics appear in the circulatory system not as the parent compounds, but as phase II metabolites, and their presence in plasma after dietary intake rarely exceeds nM concentrations. Substantial quantities of both the parent compounds and their metabolites pass to the colon where they are degraded by the action of the local microbiota, giving rise principally to small phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites that are absorbed into the circulatory system. This comprehensive review describes the different groups of compounds that have been reported to be involved in human nutrition, their fate in the body as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system, the evidence of their impact on human chronic diseases, and the possible mechanisms of action through which (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites may exert these protective actions. It is concluded that better performed in vivo intervention and in vitro mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand how these molecules interact with human physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Thandapilly SJ, LeMaistre JL, Louis XL, Anderson CM, Netticadan T, Anderson HD. Vascular and cardiac effects of grape powder in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:1070-6. [PMID: 22785408 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red grapes, attenuated changes in small artery geometry and stiffness, as well as cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac function in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). However, in addition to resveratrol, grapes contain a variety of bioactive polyphenols such as catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. Therefore, we investigated the effects of grape consumption in SHR. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR were treated with freeze-dried grape powder for 10 weeks. Dilatory, geometry, and stiffness properties of mesenteric small arteries were assessed by pressurized myography. Left ventricular mass index and cardiac function were assessed by two-dimensional guided M-mode and pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS Elevated blood pressure in SHR was associated with remodeling and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of small arteries. Augmented left ventricular mass index (reflecting hypertrophy) and diminished cardiac function were also evident in SHR. Although grape treatment failed to affect cardiac dysfunction, it elicited a significant reduction in blood pressure, improved arterial relaxation, increased vascular compliance, and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with whole grape powder conferred mild vascular and cardiac benefits in SHR. Therefore, dietary grape consumption may be a feasible and salutary adjunct to pharmacological treatment of human hypertension.
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Voloshyna I, Hussaini SM, Reiss AB. Resveratrol in Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis. J Med Food 2012; 15:763-73. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Voloshyna
- Winthrop Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Syed M. Hussaini
- Winthrop Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Allison B. Reiss
- Winthrop Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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Cau SBA, Carneiro FS, Tostes RC. Differential modulation of nitric oxide synthases in aging: therapeutic opportunities. Front Physiol 2012; 3:218. [PMID: 22737132 PMCID: PMC3382417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is the term that describes the structural and functional disturbances of the vasculature with advancing aging. The molecular mechanisms of aging-associated endothelial dysfunction are complex, but reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and altered vascular expression and activity of NO synthase (NOS) enzymes have been implicated as major players. Impaired vascular relaxation in aging has been attributed to reduced endothelial NOS (eNOS)-derived NO, while increased inducible NOS (iNOS) expression seems to account for nitrosative stress and disrupted vascular homeostasis. Although eNOS is considered the main source of NO in the vascular endothelium, neuronal NOS (nNOS) also contributes to endothelial cells-derived NO, a mechanism that is reduced in aging. Pharmacological modulation of NO generation and expression/activity of NOS isoforms may represent a therapeutic alternative to prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, this review will focus on drugs that modulate NO bioavailability, such as nitrite anions and NO-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones (dehydroepiandrosterone and estrogen), statins, resveratrol, and folic acid, since they may be useful to treat/to prevent aging-associated vascular dysfunction. The impact of these therapies on life quality in elderly and longevity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany B A Cau
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Resveratrol and diabetic cardiac function: focus on recent in vitro and in vivo studies. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:281-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wightman EL, Haskell CF, Forster JS, Veasey RC, Kennedy DO. Epigallocatechin gallate, cerebral blood flow parameters, cognitive performance and mood in healthy humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation. Hum Psychopharmacol 2012; 27:177-86. [PMID: 22389082 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the effects of oral ingestion of the 'green tea' polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on cognitive performance, mood and localised cerebral blood flow (CBF) parameters in healthy human adults. METHOD In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 27 healthy adults received placebo and two doses (135 and 270 mg) of EGCG in counterbalanced order on separate days. Following a 45-min resting absorption period, participants performed a selection of computerised cognitive tasks that activate the frontal cortex for a further 42 min. CBF and haemodynamics, as indexed by concentration changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin, were assessed in the frontal cortex throughout the post-treatment period using Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). RESULTS During the post-dose task performance period, the administration of 135 mg EGCG resulted in reduced CBF in the frontal cortex, as indexed by significantly lower concentrations of both oxygenated and total haemoglobin, in comparison with placebo. Heart rate was significantly reduced from pre dose to post dose across all treatments. No significant differences were observed for the level of deoxygenated haemoglobin or on any of the cognitive performance/mood measures. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a single dose of orally administered EGCG can modulate CBF parameters in healthy humans but that this is not associated with changes in cognitive performance or mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Wightman
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Chachay VS, Kirkpatrick CMJ, Hickman IJ, Ferguson M, Prins JB, Martin JH. Resveratrol--pills to replace a healthy diet? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 72:27-38. [PMID: 21410504 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrapharmacology, or the use of bioactive food compounds at pharmacological doses is emerging as a therapeutic approach to target the complex metabolic dysregulations in ageing and obesity-related chronic disease. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in the skin of grapes, and other edible plants and related food products, has received extensive attention through the link with the French paradox, and later with its chemopreventive activity demonstrated in vitro and in animal cancer models. A plethora of laboratory investigations has provided evidence for the multi-faceted properties of resveratrol and suggests that resveratrol may target ageing and obesity-related chronic disease by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. A number of obstacles stand in the path to clinical usage however, not least the lack of clinical evidence to date, and the myriad of doses and formulations available. Further, data on the effects of resveratrol consumption in a capsule vs. food form is conflicting, and there are uncertain effects of long term dosing. The review will summarize the human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic published data, and the topics for research if resveratrol is to become a multi-target therapeutic agent addressing chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique S Chachay
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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Schaffer S, Halliwell B. Do polyphenols enter the brain and does it matter? Some theoretical and practical considerations. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:99-109. [PMID: 22012276 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although several epidemiological and intervention studies suggest that polyphenols (PPs) and PP-rich foods may improve memory and cognition in animals and humans, PPs' mode of action is only poorly understood. To help distinguish between the different modes of action that have been proposed for PPs, it is obviously important to know how much PPs can accumulate in the brain, if any at all. However, reliable data on PP uptake into the brain of animals are limited as many studies failed to report important control procedures during data acquisition. In this paper, we summarize published data on the penetration of PPs into animal brain and review some hypotheses to explain the biological basis of potentially health-beneficial effects of PPs to the brain. Finally, we highlight promising new approaches, especially those of a hormetic dose-response and gut microbiota-brain interaction, which may allow a better understanding of PPs' mode of action in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schaffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 22 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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Felice F, Zambito Y, Di Colo G, D'Onofrio C, Fausto C, Balbarini A, Di Stefano R. Red grape skin and seeds polyphenols: Evidence of their protective effects on endothelial progenitor cells and improvement of their intestinal absorption. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:176-84. [PMID: 21971368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To evaluate the ability of grape skin and seeds to protect endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia (HG) compared to red wine (RW) and prepare innovative pharmaceutical systems for the oral administration of red grape extract allowing the overcoming of its poor intestinal absorption. METHODS AND RESULTS Human EPC were characterized by expression of cell surface markers. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of total polyphenols from grape components or RW in the presence or absence of HG. Cell viability, migration, adhesion, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assayed. Intestinal permeation of polyphenols was studied in the absence or presence of a quaternary ammonium-chitosan conjugate (N⁺(60)-Ch). Grape components and RW increased EPC viability, adhesion and migration, and prevented the HG effect (P < 0.01). ROS production induced by HG was significantly reduced only by grape seed extract and RW (P < 0.01). N⁺(60)-Ch acted as an effective enhancer of polyphenol permeability across the excised rat intestine. CONCLUSIONS Red grape components are a source of antioxidant compounds that ameliorate EPC viability and function, while preventing endothelial dysfunction. The use of polycationic chitosan derivatives can promote the absorption of polyphenols across intestinal epithelium, thus increasing their bioavailability and potential therapeutic value in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felice
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lu XY, Hu S, Jin Y, Qiu LY. Application of liposome encapsulation technique to improve anti-carcinoma effect of resveratrol. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:314-22. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.602410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Marler LE, Ahn S, Yuan Y, Choi Y, Yu R, van Breemen RB, Sun B, Hoshino J, Cushman M, Jermihov KC, Mesecar AD, Grubbs CJ, Pezzuto JM. Resveratrol derivatives as promising chemopreventive agents with improved potency and selectivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1249-65. [PMID: 21714126 PMCID: PMC4135049 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Despite scores of investigations, the actual impact of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) on human health, as a dietary component or supplement, remains moot. This is due to many factors, such as relatively low potency, pleiotropic mechanisms, and rapid metabolism. Nonetheless, as a promiscuous molecule that interacts with numerous targets, resveratrol can be viewed as a scaffold for designing structural relatives potentially capable of mediating more intense responses with greater mechanistic stringency. METHODS AND RESULTS We currently report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 92 stilbene analogs. The compounds were tested with in vitro assays for activation of quinone reductase 1, inhibition of quinone reductase 2, nitric oxide production, aromatase, NFκB, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase, or cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, quenching of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical, interaction with estrogen receptors, and as antiproliferative agents. Several compounds were found to mediate responses with much greater potency than resveratrol; some mediated pleiotropic responses, as is the case with the parent molecule, but others were highly specific or totally inactive. When administered to rats, higher serum concentrations and greater stability was demonstrated with prototype lead molecules. CONCLUSION Owing to structural simplicity, facile syntheses are available for large-scale production. These data support the promise of more advanced development of novel resveratrol derivatives as drug entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura E. Marler
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Soyoun Ahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Juma Hoshino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Katherine C. Jermihov
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Andrew D. Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Clinton J. Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, Chemoprevention Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
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Pires KMP, Valença SS, Resende ÂC, Porto LCS, Queiroz EF, Moreira DDC, de Moura RS. Grape skin extract reduced pulmonary oxidative response in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:BR187-195. [PMID: 21804454 PMCID: PMC3539621 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cigarette smoke (CS) is known to be one of the major sources of oxidants in the lungs. We postulated that acute administration of GSE (grape skin extract) would either reduce or protect the ALI (acute lung inflammation) produced by CS via NO release. MATERIAL/METHODS We adopted a nutritional approach by investigating the inflammatory cells, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity, and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde - MDA - levels) that play a role in the development of acute lung inflammation (ALI). Therefore, we tested an orally active antioxidant produced from grape skin manipulation (grape skin extract - GSE), in mice exposed to CS from 6 cigarettes a day for 5 days. In addition, we used a separate group treated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an NO inhibitor) to confirm nitric oxide (NO) involvement in GSE effects. RESULTS We showed for the first time that administration of GSE inhibited ALI and oxidative damage induced by CS. This is associated with decreased MMP-9 activity, decreased number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced levels of lipid peroxidation. Our results indicate that beneficial effects of GSE are NO-dependent. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that alteration of the oxidant-antioxidant balance is important in the pathogenesis of CS-induced ALI and suggests lung protective effects of GSE treatment in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Maria Pereira Pires
- Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cancer Laboratory - ICB/CCS/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Smoliga JM, Baur JA, Hausenblas HA. Resveratrol and health--a comprehensive review of human clinical trials. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1129-41. [PMID: 21688389 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the small polyphenol resveratrol has received widespread attention as either a potential therapy or as a preventive agent for numerous diseases. Studies using purified enzymes, cultured cells, and laboratory animals have suggested that resveratrol has anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties that might be relevant to chronic diseases and/or longevity in humans. Although the supporting research in laboratory models is quite substantial, only recently data has emerged to describe the effects of resveratrol supplementation on physiological responses in humans. The limited number of human clinical trials that are available has largely described various aspects of resveratrol's safety and bioavailability, reaching a consensus that it is generally well-tolerated, but have poor bioavailability. Very few published human studies have explored the ability of resveratrol to achieve the physiological benefits that have been observed in laboratory models, although many clinical trials have recently been initiated. This review aims to examine the current state of knowledge on the effects of resveratrol on humans and to utilize this information to develop further guidelines for the implementation of human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Smoliga
- Human Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Physical Education, Marywood University, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
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Mellen PB, Daniel KR, Brosnihan KB, Hansen KJ, Herrington DM. Effect of Muscadine Grape Seed Supplementation on Vascular Function in Subjects with or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2010; 29:469-75. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Marzetti E, Wohlgemuth SE, Aulisa AG, Bernabei R, Pahor M, Leeuwenburgh C. Calorie restriction for optimal cardiovascular aging: the weight of evidence. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2010; 4:340-346. [PMID: 26388964 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-010-0114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity and overweight is spreading worldwide. Excessive adiposity is associated with a myriad of adverse health outcomes, leading to increased healthcare expenditures and shortened life expectancy. In contrast to overeating, calorie restriction (CR), defined as a reduction in food intake without malnutrition, increases both mean and maximum lifespan in a variety of species by reducing the incidence of several chronic degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease. The constellation of health benefits brought about by CR results from biological and physiological changes affecting fundamental processes underlying aging and age-related pathologies. Despite the beneficial properties of CR, it is likely that most people will not engage in such a dietary regimen for the long-term. Supplementation with specific compounds mimicking CR may represent a more feasible means to improve health and prolong life. However, evidence on long-term effectiveness and safety of these compounds is not yet available in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143, USA ; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Stephanie E Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143, USA
| | - Angelo G Aulisa
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Institute of Scientific Research, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Physiatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143, USA
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