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Lin F, Itoh S, Fukuzawa K, Zhang H, Azuma N. Correlation between viscoelastic response and frictional properties of hydrated zwitterionic polymer brush film in narrowing shear gap. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:253-261. [PMID: 37944373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A hydrated 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer brush exhibits exceptional lubricity. This lubrication mechanism has traditionally been attributed to either the inherent fluidity of the brush or the water film that forms owing to its hydrophilic nature. Given previous findings that the frictional properties of the MPC polymer brush film show load dependence, we hypothesize that the lubrication mechanism can be elucidated by examining the shear gap (varies owing to the load) dependence of the brush's viscoelastic response. EXPERIMENTS MPC polymer brush films with different thicknesses were prepared. Their viscoelastic responses were evaluated across different shear gap widths, and the frictional properties were subsequently compared across states with distinct viscoelastic behaviors. FINDINGS The observed shear viscoelasticity demonstrated a clear gap dependence that correlated with frictional attributes. Our data suggests that the lubrication mechanism shifts based on the shear gap. Specifically, two states exhibited low coefficients of friction: one where the osmotic pressure supports the load while allowing flexible deformation of the brush film, and the other where the brush film undergoes compression and transitions to a fully elastic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchang Lin
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shintaro Itoh
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fukuzawa
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Complex Systems Science, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Azuma
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Japan; ACT-X, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 102-0076, Japan
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Hasegawa M, Tone S, Naito Y, Sudo A. Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene in Hip and Knee Arthroplasties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2140. [PMID: 36984020 PMCID: PMC10054334 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear and particle-induced osteolysis contribute to the failure of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) was developed in the late 1990s to reduce wear and has shown lower wear rates and loosening than conventional UHMWPE in THA. The irradiation dose for crosslinking is up to 100 kGy. However, during crosslinking, free radical formation induces oxidation. Using HXLPE in THA, the cumulative revision rate was determined to be significantly lower (6.2%) than that with conventional UHMWPE (11.7%) at a mean follow-up of 16 years, according to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. However, HXLPE does not confer to TKA the same advantages it confers to THA. Several alternatives have been developed to prevent the release of free radicals and improve polymer mechanical properties, such as thermal treatment, phospholipid polymer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine grafting, remelting, and vitamin E addition. Among these options, vitamin E addition has reported good clinical results and wear resistance similar to that of HXLPE without vitamin E, as shown by short-term clinical studies of THA and TKA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the development and performance of UHMWPE in THA and TKA.
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Ihara D, Higaki Y, Yamada NL, Nemoto F, Matsuda Y, Kojio K, Takahara A. Cononsolvency of Poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] in Ethanol-Water Mixtures: A Neutron Reflectivity Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5081-5088. [PMID: 34498869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying the cononsolvency, a re-entrant coil-to-globule-to-coil conformational transition of polymer chains in mixtures of two good solvents, of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (PMPC) in ethanol-water binary mixtures were complementarily investigated. This was accomplished by following a statistical mechanical model for competitive hydrogen bonding combined with the cooperative solvation concept as well as neutron reflectivity (NR) experiments employing contrast variation in the cononsolvents. The experimental re-entrant aggregation of the PMPC chains in ethanol-water mixed solvents, obtained on the basis of turbidity was accurately reproduced by theoretical calculations. The calculation proved the relatively strong cooperativity of ethanol and the preferential interaction of water, while the total coverage of solvents was the lowest at an ethanol volume fraction (fethanol) of 0.90. At this level, the cononsolvency was the most significant, and the collapsed PMPC chains were solvated with more water than the bulk mixed solvent. The ethanol-water cononsolvency for the PMPC brushes on a planar silicon wafer was investigated by NR experiments, and the solvent composition involved in the collapsed PMPC brush was addressed according to the contrast variation study with mixed solvents of water, deuterium oxide, ethanol-d5, and ethanol-d6. The collapsed PMPC brushes at fethanol = 0.90 contained more water than the bulk solvent. The preferential distribution of water in the collapsed PMPC brush was consistent with the simulation results. Therefore, the molecular mechanism for the cononsolvency of PMPC in ethanol-water mixed solvents based on competitive hydrogen bonding coupled with cooperative solvation was experimentally rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Higaki
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Ken Kojio
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Orita K, Goto K, Kuroda Y, Kawai T, Okuzu Y, Matsuda S. Wear resistance of first-generation highly cross-linked annealed polyethylene in cementless total hip arthroplasty is maintained 20 years after surgery. Bone Joint J 2022; 104-B:200-205. [PMID: 35094568 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.104b2.bjj-2021-1079.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of first-generation annealed highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 29 patients (35 hips) who underwent THA between December 2000 and February 2002. The survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hip joint function was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Two-dimensional polyethylene wear was estimated using Martell's Hip Analysis Suite. We calculated the wear rates between years 1 and 5, 5 and 10, 10 and 15, and 15 and final follow-up. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 19.1 years (SD 0.6; 17.3 to 20.1). The 19-year overall survival rate with the end point of all-cause revision was 97.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91 to 100). The mean JOA score improved from 43.2 (SD 10.6; 30 to 76) before surgery to 90.2 (SD 6.4; 76 to 98) at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no osteolysis or loosening of the acetabular or femoral components. The overall steady-state wear rate was 0.013 mm/year (SD 0.012). There was no hip with a steady-state wear rate of > 0.1 mm/year. There was no significant difference in wear rates for each period. We found no significant correlation between the wear rate and age, body weight, BMI, or cup inclination. CONCLUSION First-generation annealed HXLPE shows excellent wear resistance and no acceleration of wear for approximately 20 years, with low all-cause revision rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):200-205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Okuzu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Reduction of Physical Strength and Enhancement of Anti-Protein and Anti-Lipid Adsorption Abilities of Contact Lenses by Adding 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sobajima A, Okihara T, Moriyama S, Nishimura N, Osawa T, Miyamae K, Haniu H, Aoki K, Tanaka M, Usui Y, Sako KI, Kato H, Saito N. Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites as Artificial Joint Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:7032-7040. [PMID: 33320600 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Because ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is susceptible to frictional wear when used in sliding members of artificial joints, it is common practice to use cross-linked UHMWPE instead. However, cross-linked UHMWPE has low impact resistance; implant breakage has been reported in some cases. Hence, sliding members of artificial joints pose a major trade-off between wear resistance and impact resistance, which has not been resolved by any UHMWPE. On the other hand, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used in industrial products for reinforcement of polymeric materials but not used as biomaterials because of their unclear safety. In the present study, we attempted to solve this trade-off issue by complexing UHMWPE with MWCNTs. In addition, we assessed the safety of these composites for use in sliding members of artificial joints. The results showed the equivalence of MWCNT/UHMWPE composites to cross-linked UHMWPE in terms of wear resistance and to non-cross-linked UHMWPE in terms of impact resistance. In addition, all MWCNT/UHMWPE composites examined complied with the requirements of biosafety testing in accordance with the ISO10993-series specifications for implantable medical devices. Furthermore, because MWCNTs can occur alone in wear dust, MWCNTs in an amount of about 1.5 times that contained in the dust produced from 50 years of wear (in the worst case) were injected into rat knees, which were monitored for 26 weeks. Although mild inflammatory reactions occurred in the joints, the reactions soon became quiescent. In addition, the MWCNTs did not migrate to other organs. Furthermore, MWCNTs did not exhibit carcinogenicity when injected into the knees of mice genetically modified to spontaneously develop cancer. The MWCNT/UHMWPE composite is a new biomaterial expected to be safe for clinical applications in both total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty as the first sliding member of artificial joints to have both high wear resistance and high impact resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takumi Okihara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Moriyama
- Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 814-0133, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishimura
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takako Osawa
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6433, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Miyamae
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-862, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Sako
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina, Kita-Adachi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-862, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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Moro T, Ishihara K, Takatori Y, Tanaka S, Kyomoto M, Hashimoto M, Ishikura H, Hidaka R, Tanaka T, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K. Effects of a roughened femoral head and the locus of grafting on the wear resistance of the phospholipid polymer-grafted acetabular liner. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:338-349. [PMID: 30590185 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although laboratory tests and mid-term clinical outcomes show the clinical safety and remarkable wear resistance of the highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) acetabular liner with a nanometer-scaled graft layer of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), the wear resistance of the layer under severe abrasive conditions is concerning. We evaluated the effects of a roughened femoral head and the grafting locus on the wear resistance of the PMPC-grafted HXLPE liner and the effect of PMPC grafting on wear resistance of the HXLPE substrate by removing the PMPC-grafted layer using a severely roughened femoral head. Against a moderately roughened femoral head, the PMPC-grafted HXLPE liner showed negative wear, although an untreated HXLPE liner increased the wear by 154.1% compared with wear against a polished femoral head, confirming that PMPC grafts were unaffected. Against a severely roughened femoral head, the PMPC-grafted layer of the head contact area might be removed under severe conditions. However, the wear rate was reduced by 52.5% compared to that of untreated HXLPE liners. Moreover, the head non-contact area-modified PMPC-grafted HXLPE liner against a polished femoral head reduced the wear by 76.8% compared with untreated HXLPE liner; thus, this area may be also important in the development of fluid-film lubrication. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Here we describe effects of a roughened femoral head and the locus of grafting on the wear-resistance of the phospholipid polymer grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene (PMPC-HXLPE) liner. Against a moderately roughened femoral head, the PMPC-HXLPE liner showed negative wear, confirming that PMPC grafts were unaffected. After removing the PMPC layer of the head contact area using a severely roughened femoral head, the wear rate not only exceeded that of untreated HXLPE liners, but was reduced by 52.5%, confirming that PMPC grafting does not affect the wear-resistance of the HXLPE substrate. In addition, the head non-contact area-modified PMPC-HXLPE liner reduced the wear by 76.8%. Thus, this area may also may be important in the development of fluid-film lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Takatori
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kyomoto
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Corporate R&D Group, KYOCERA Corporation, 800 Ichimiyake, Yasu 520-2362, Japan
| | - Masami Hashimoto
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Ishikura
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryo Hidaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Japan Community Health Care Organization, Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Spine Center, 5-1 Tsukudo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8543, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Türkcan İ, Nalbant AD, Bat E, Akca G. Examination of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer coated acrylic resin denture base material: surface characteristics and Candida albicans adhesion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:107. [PMID: 29971499 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer coating with various concentrations onto acrylic resin denture base material on surface characteristics such as contact angle and surface roughness and on Candida albicans adhesion which is the major factor of denture stomatitis. Specimens, prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic denture base material, were divided into control and three test groups, randomly. Surfaces of the specimens in test groups were coated with poly(MPC) (PMPC) by graft polymerization of MPC in different concentrations (0.25 mol/L; 0.50 mol/L and 0.75 mol/L), while no surface treatment was applied to the control group. Contact angles and surface roughness were examined, and chemical composition of the surfaces was analyzed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to verify the presence of PMPC coatings. Then, specimens were incubated with C. albicans for 18 h and the number of adhered cells was determined. Upon PMPC coating, the contact angle values statistically decreased, but no difference was found in surface roughness values. A statistically significant decrease was observed in C. albicans adhesion in parallel with the increase in the MPC polymer concentration. There was no significant difference between 0.50 mol/L and 0.75 mol/L groups in terms of adhesion. These findings indicated that graft polymerization of MPC on acrylic denture base material reduces the adhesion of C. albicans, and may be evaluated as a coating for prevention of denture stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Türkcan
- Özel Çankaya Hikmet Bozyel Oral and Dental Health Policlinic, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - A Dilek Nalbant
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Bat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Akca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Microbiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Moro T, Takatori Y, Tanaka S, Ishihara K, Oda H, Kim YT, Umeyama T, Fukatani E, Ito H, Kyomoto M, Oshima H, Tanaka T, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K. Clinical safety and wear resistance of the phospholipid polymer-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liner. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2007-2016. [PMID: 27813260 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the production of wear particles and subsequent aseptic loosening, we created a human articular cartilage-mimicked surface for a highly cross-linked polyethylene liner, whose surface grafted layer consisted of a biocompatible phospholipid polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine). Although our previous in vitro findings showed that poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted particles were biologically inert and caused no subsequent bone resorptive responses, and poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) grafting markedly decreased wear in hip joint simulator tests, the clinical safety, and in vivo wear resistance of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liners remained open to question. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated clinical and radiographic outcomes of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liners 5 years subsequent to total hip replacement in 68 consecutive patients. No reoperation was required for any reason, and no adverse events were associated with the implanted liners. The average Harris Hip Score increased from 38.6 preoperatively to 96.5 5 years postoperatively, and health-related quality of life, as indicated by the Short Form 36 Health Survey, improved. Radiographic analyses showed no periprosthetic osteolysis or implant migration. Between 1 and 5 years postoperatively, the mean steady-state wear rate was 0.002 mm/year, which represented a marked reduction relative to other highly cross-linked polyethylene liners, and appeared to be unaffected by patient-related or surgical factors. Although longer follow up is required, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liners improved mid-term clinical outcomes. The clinical safety and wear-resistance results are encouraging with respect to the improvement of long-term clinical outcomes with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liners. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2007-2016, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takatori
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromi Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University School of Medicine, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yoon Taek Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University School of Medicine, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takashige Umeyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0022, Japan
| | - Eisei Fukatani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Hideya Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Red Cross Medical Center, 4-1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kyomoto
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Research, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31 Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-0003, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Oshima
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Spine Center, 5-1 Tsukudo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8543, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Rehabilitation Services Bureau, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8555, Japan
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Yamane S, Kyomoto M, Moro T, Hashimoto M, Takatori Y, Tanaka S, Ishihara K. Wear resistance of poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)‐grafted carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) liners against metal and ceramic femoral heads. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1028-1037. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihori Yamane
- Department of Materials EngineeringSchool of Engineering, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8656 Japan
- Division of Science for Joint ReconstructionGraduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8655 Japan
- Medical R&D CenterCorporate R&D Group, KYOCERA CorporationYodogawa‐ku Osaka532‐0003 Japan
| | - Masayuki Kyomoto
- Department of Materials EngineeringSchool of Engineering, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8656 Japan
- Division of Science for Joint ReconstructionGraduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8655 Japan
- Medical R&D CenterCorporate R&D Group, KYOCERA CorporationYodogawa‐ku Osaka532‐0003 Japan
| | - Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint ReconstructionGraduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8655 Japan
| | - Masami Hashimoto
- Materials Research and Development LaboratoryJapan Fine Ceramics CenterAtsuta‐ku Nagoya456‐8587 Japan
| | - Yoshio Takatori
- Division of Science for Joint ReconstructionGraduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8655 Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8655 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials EngineeringSchool of Engineering, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku Tokyo113‐8656 Japan
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11
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Kyomoto M, Shobuike T, Moro T, Yamane S, Takatori Y, Tanaka S, Miyamoto H, Ishihara K. Prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on a vitamin E-blended, cross-linked polyethylene surface with a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) layer. Acta Biomater 2015; 24:24-34. [PMID: 26050636 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the construction of artificial hip joint replacements, the surface and substrate of a cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE) liner are designed to achieve high wear resistance and prevent infection by bacteria. In this study, we fabricated a highly hydrophilic and antibiofouling poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [MPC]) (PMPC)-graft layer on the vitamin E-blended CLPE (HD-CLPE(VE)) surface. The 100-nm-thick, smooth, and electrically neutral PMPC layer was successfully fabricated on the HD-CLPE(VE) surface using photoinduced graft polymerization. The PMPC-grafted HD-CLPE(VE) was found to prevent bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on the surface because of the formation of a highly hydrophilic polyzwitterionic layer on the surface of HD-CLPE(VE), which can serve as an extremely efficient antibiofouling layer. The number of bacterial adhered on the PMPC-grafted HD-CLPE(VE) surface was reduced by 100-fold or more by PMPC grafting, regardless of the biofilm-production characteristics of the strains. In contrast, vitamin E blending did not affect bacterial adhesion. Moreover, the number of planktonic bacteria did not differ significantly, regardless of PMPC grafting and vitamin E blending. In conclusion, the PMPC-grafted HD-CLPE(VE) provided bacteriostatic effects associated with smooth, highly hydrophilic surfaces with a neutral electrostatic charge owing to the zwitterionic structure of the MPC unit. Thus, this modification may prove useful for the production of artificial hip joint replacement materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Our preliminary in vitro findings suggest that improved bacteriostatic performance of the HD-CLPE(VE) surface in orthopedic implants is possible via PMPC grafting. The results also indicate that surface modifications affect the anti-infection properties of the orthopedic implants and demonstrate that the application of a PMPC-grafted HD-CLPE(VE) surface may be a promising approach to extend the longevity and clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty. Further research is needed to evaluate the resistance to infection of PMPC-grafted HD-CLPE(VE) in terms of the varieties of biofilm formation tests including fluid flow conditions and animal experiments, which may offer useful clues to the possible performance of these materials in vivo.
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12
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Yamane S, Kyomoto M, Moro T, Watanabe K, Hashimoto M, Takatori Y, Tanaka S, Ishihara K. Effects of extra irradiation on surface and bulk properties of PMPC-grafted cross-linked polyethylene. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:37-47. [PMID: 26148654 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sterilization using high-energy irradiation is an important aspect of implementing an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular liner in total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this study, we evaluate the effects of extra irradiations such as gamma-ray or plasma irradiation during sterilization of the poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [MPC]) (PMPC) surface and cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE) substrate of a PMPC-grafted CLPE acetabular liner. The PMPC-grafted surface yielded high wettability and low friction properties regardless of the extra irradiations as compared with untreated CLPE. During a hip simulator test, wear resistance of the PMPC-grafted CLPE liner was maintained after extra irradiation, which is due to the high wettability characteristics of the PMPC surface. In particular, the PMPC-grafted CLPE liner treated with plasma irradiation showed greater wettability and wear resistance than that with gamma-ray irradiation. However, we could not clearly observe the changes in chemical properties and morphology of the PMPC surface after both extra irradiations. The physical and mechanical properties attributed to CLPE substrate performance were also unchanged. In contrast, PMPC-grafted CLPE treated with plasma irradiation showed improved oxidation resistance as compared to that treated with gamma-ray irradiation after accelerated aging. Thus, we conclude that PMPC-grafted CLPE with plasma irradiation has promise as a lifelong solution for bearing in THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihori Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31, Miyahara, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka, 532-0003, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kyomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31, Miyahara, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka, 532-0003, Japan
| | - Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31, Miyahara, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka, 532-0003, Japan
| | - Masami Hashimoto
- Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-Ku, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takatori
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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13
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Moro T, Takatori Y, Kyomoto M, Ishihara K, Kawaguchi H, Hashimoto M, Tanaka T, Oshima H, Tanaka S. Wear resistance of the biocompatible phospholipid polymer-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liner against larger femoral head. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1103-10. [PMID: 25764495 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of larger femoral heads to prevent the dislocation of artificial hip joints has recently become more common. However, concerns about the subsequent use of thinner polyethylene liners and their effects on wear rate have arisen. Previously, we prepared and evaluated the biological and mechanical effects of a novel highly cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE) liner with a nanometer-scaled graft layer of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC). Our findings showed that the PMPC-grafted particles were biologically inert and caused no subsequent bone resorptive responses and that the PMPC-grafting markedly decreased wear in a hip joint simulator. However, the metal or ceramic femoral heads used in this previous study had a diameter of 26 mm. Here, we investigated the wear-resistance of the PMPC-grafted CLPE liner with a 40-mm femoral head during 10 × 10(6) cycles of loading in the hip joint simulator. The results provide preliminary evidence that the grafting markedly decreased gravimetric wear rate and the volume of wear particles, even when coupled with larger femoral heads. Thus, we believe the PMPC-grafting will prolong artificial hip joint longevity both by preventing aseptic loosening and by improving the stability of articular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takatori
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kyomoto
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31 Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-0003, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Japan Community Health care Organization, Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Spine Center, 5-1 Tsukudo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8543, Japan
| | - Masami Hashimoto
- Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Oshima
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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14
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Ishihara K. Highly lubricated polymer interfaces for advanced artificial hip joints through biomimetic design. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Goda T, Ishihara K, Miyahara Y. Critical update on 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer science. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai Chiyoda Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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16
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Takatori Y, Moro T, Ishihara K, Kamogawa M, Oda H, Umeyama T, Kim YT, Ito H, Kyomoto M, Tanaka T, Kawaguchi H, Tanaka S. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of total hip replacement with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liners: Three-year results of a prospective consecutive series. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:286-91. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.941438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Yamane S, Watanabe K, Hashimoto M, Takatori Y, Tanaka S, Ishihara K. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) grafting and vitamin E blending for high wear resistance and oxidative stability of orthopedic bearings. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Moro T, Takatori Y, Kyomoto M, Ishihara K, Hashimoto M, Ito H, Tanaka T, Oshima H, Tanaka S, Kawaguchi H. Long-term hip simulator testing of the artificial hip joint bearing surface grafted with biocompatible phospholipid polymer. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:369-76. [PMID: 24249706 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To prevent periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening of artificial hip joints, we recently developed a novel acetabular highly cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE) liner with graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) on its surface. We investigated the wear resistance of the poly(MPC) (PMPC)-grafted CLPE liner during 20 million cycles in a hip joint simulator. We extended the simulator test of one liner to 70 million cycles to investigate the long-term durability of the grafting. Gravimetric, surface, and wear particle analyses revealed that PMPC grafting onto the CLPE liner surface markedly decreased the production of wear particles and showed that the effect of PMPC grafting was maintained through 70 million cycles. We believe that PMPC grafting can significantly improve the wear resistance of artificial hip joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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19
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Takahashi N, Iwasa F, Inoue Y, Morisaki H, Ishihara K, Baba K. Evaluation of the durability and antiadhesive action of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine grafting on an acrylic resin denture base material. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:194-203. [PMID: 24461942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The polymer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine is currently used on medical devices to prevent infection. Denture plaque-associated infection is regarded as a source of serious dental and medical complications in the elderly population, and denture hygiene, therefore, is an issue of considerable importance for denture wearers. Furthermore, because denture bases are exposed to mechanical stresses, for example, denture brushing, the durability of the coating is important for retaining the antiadhesive function of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the durability and antiadhesive activity of two 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer coating techniques: poly-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine grafting and poly-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate coating. It was revealed that 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer coating of the denture base resin polymethyl methacrylate decreases bacterial biofilm formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Durability was examined by rhodamine staining and elemental surface analysis and by determining the wetting properties of the 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer-modified polymethyl methacrylate after a friction test that comprised 500 brushing cycles. Antiadhesive activity was examined by using a Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation assay. RESULTS Poly-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-grafted polymethyl methacrylate retained 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine units and antiadhesive activity even after repetitive mechanical stress, whereas co-n-butyl methacrylate-coated polymethyl methacrylate did not. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine on denture surfaces may contribute to the durability of the coating and prevent microbial retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Takahashi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Iwasa
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Inoue
- Assistant Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Morisaki
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Professor and Chair, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Poly(ether-ether-ketone) orthopedic bearing surface modified by self-initiated surface grafting of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine). Biomaterials 2013; 34:7829-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Moro T, Kyomoto M, Ishihara K, Saiga K, Hashimoto M, Tanaka S, Ito H, Tanaka T, Oshima H, Kawaguchi H, Takatori Y. Grafting of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) on polyethylene liner in artificial hip joints reduces production of wear particles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 31:100-6. [PMID: 23651567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in the techniques, materials, and fixation of total hip arthroplasty, periprosthetic osteolysis, a complication that arises from this clinical procedure and causes aseptic loosening, is considered to be a major clinical problem associated with total hip arthroplasty. With the objective of reducing the production of wear particles and eliminating periprosthetic osteolysis, we prepared a novel hip polyethylene (PE) liner whose surface graft was made of a biocompatible phospholipid polymer-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)). This study investigated the wear resistance of the poly(MPC)-grafted cross-linked PE (CLPE; MPC-CLPE) liner during 15×10(6) cycles of loading in a hip joint simulator. The gravimetric analysis showed that the wear of the acetabular liner was dramatically suppressed in the MPC-CLPE liner, as compared to that in the non-treated CLPE liner. Analyses of the MPC-CLPE liner surface revealed that it suffered from no or very little wear even after the simulator test, whereas the CLPE liners suffered from substantial wears. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the wear particles isolated from the lubricants showed that poly(MPC) grafting dramatically decreased the total number, area, and volume of the wear particles. However, there was no significant difference in the particle size distributions, and, in particular, from the SEM image, it was observed that particles with diameters less than 0.50μm were present in the range of the highest frequency. In addition, there were no significant differences in the particle size descriptors and particle shape descriptors. The results obtained in this study show that poly(MPC) grafting markedly reduces the production of wear particles from CLPE liners, without affecting the size of the particles. These results suggest that poly(MPC) grafting is a promising technique for increasing the longevity of artificial hip joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kyomoto
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31 Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenichi Saiga
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Research Department, KYOCERA Medical Corporation, 3-3-31 Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Masami Hashimoto
- Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideya Ito
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Oshima
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takatori
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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22
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Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene liner in primary total hip replacement: one-year results of a prospective cohort study. J Artif Organs 2012; 16:170-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-012-0681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Saiga K, Hashimoto M, Ito H, Kawaguchi H, Takatori Y, Ishihara K. Biomimetic hydration lubrication with various polyelectrolyte layers on cross-linked polyethylene orthopedic bearing materials. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4451-9. [PMID: 22465336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Natural joints rely on fluid thin-film lubrication by the hydrated polyelectrolyte layer of cartilage. However, current artificial joints with polyethylene (PE) surfaces have considerably less efficient lubrication and thus much greater wear, leading to osteolysis and aseptic loosening. This is considered a common factor limiting prosthetic longevity in total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, such wear could be mitigated by surface modification to mimic the role of cartilage. Here we report the development of nanometer-scale hydrophilic layers with varying charge (nonionic, cationic, anionic, or zwitterionic) on cross-linked PE (CLPE) surfaces, which could fully mimic the hydrophilicity and lubricity of the natural joint surface. We present evidence to support two lubrication mechanisms: the primary mechanism is due to the high level of hydration in the grafted layer, where water molecules act as very efficient lubricants; and the secondary mechanism is repulsion of protein molecules and positively charged inorganic ions by the grafted polyelectrolyte layer. Thus, such nanometer-scaled hydrophilic polymers or polyelectrolyte layers on the CLPE surface of acetabular cup bearings could confer high durability to THA prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kyomoto
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Ma Y, Liu L, Yang W. Photo-induced living/controlled surface radical grafting polymerization and its application in fabricating 3-D micro-architectures on the surface of flat/particulate organic substrates. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Takatori Y, Kawaguchi H, Ishihara K. Cartilage-mimicking, high-density brush structure improves wear resistance of crosslinked polyethylene: a pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469:2327-36. [PMID: 21132412 PMCID: PMC3126960 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In natural synovial joints under physiologic conditions, fluid thin-film lubrication by a hydrated layer of the cartilage is essential for the smooth motion of the joints. The considerably less efficient lubrication of artificial joints of polyethylene is prone to wear, leading to osteolysis and aseptic loosening and limiting the longevity of THA. A nanometer-scale layer of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) with cartilage-mimicking brushlike structures on a crosslinked polyethylene (CLPE) surface may provide hydrophilicity and lubricity resembling the physiologic joint surface. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked whether the photoirradiation time during graft polymerization would affect the density and stability of the PMPC layer and the PMPC-grafted surface would enhance the durability of artificial joints. We investigated the effect of photoirradiation time and the resultant characteristics of the PMPC layer on the durability of the CLPE. METHODS For each of the PMPC-grafted CLPE surfaces with various photoirradiation times (six groups: 0 [untreated CLPE], 11, 23, 45, 90, and 180 minutes), 18 sample pieces (total of 108 samples) were evaluated in surface analyses, and four cups (total of 24 samples) were evaluated in a hip simulator test. RESULTS The density of the PMPC layer increased with an increase in the photoirradiation time. The hip simulator test confirmed the PMPC-grafted CLPE with a high density of the PMPC layer exhibited minimal wear as compared with the untreated CLPE. High-density PMPC grafting appears essential for maintaining the high wear resistance of the PMPC-grafted CLPE. To obtain a high-density PMPC layer, the photoirradiation time must be greater than 45 minutes. CONCLUSIONS The cartilage-mimicking, density brushlike structure of the PMPC-grafted CLPE could extend high durability to acetabular cups in THA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our in vitro findings suggest the wear performance of CLPE acetabular cups in THA can be improved by this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kyomoto
- Research Department, Japan Medical Materials Corp, 3-3-31, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 532-0003, Japan.
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Ishiyama N, Moro T, Ohe T, Miura T, Ishihara K, Konno T, Ohyama T, Kimura M, Kyomoto M, Saito T, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H. Reduction of Peritendinous adhesions by hydrogel containing biocompatible phospholipid polymer MPC for tendon repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93:142-9. [PMID: 21248211 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.i.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritendinous adhesions are serious complications after surgical repair of tendons. As an anti-adhesion material, we focused on 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer, our original biocompatible polymer, and prepared an aqueous solution of MPC-containing polymer called poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate-co-p-vinylphenylboronic acid) (PMBV), which can be formed into hydrogel properties by mixture with another aqueous polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The objective of the present study was to examine the possible application of the MPC hydrogel for the reduction of peritendinous adhesions. METHODS the effects of the hydrogel on peritendinous adhesions and tendon healing were examined by means of histological and mechanical analyses in a rat Achilles tendon model and a rabbit flexor digitorum profundus tendon model. Cell migration and viability were examined with use of fibroblastic NIH3T3 cells cultured in a double chamber dish. RESULTS among the concentrations examined, 2.5% and 5.0% PMBV formed hydrogel properties immediately after mixing with 2.5% PVA and maintained a honeycomb microstructure with nanometer-scaled pores for three weeks after implantation. In animal models, the hydrogel formed from 5.0% PMBV remained at the sutured site during the critical period up to three weeks and disappeared by six weeks. The MPC hydrogel reduced the peritendinous adhesions histologically and mechanically by >25% at three weeks, without impairing tendon healing as determined with mechanical analyses. In the cell culture, cell migration was reduced by the MPC hydrogel, although cell viability was unaffected, indicating physical prevention, rather than cytotoxicity, to be the anti-adhesion mechanism. CONCLUSIONS the MPC hydrogel that was formed by a local injection and mixture of two aqueous solutions, 5.0% PMBV and 2.5% PVA, reduced peritendinous adhesions without impairing tendon healing. This effect may be due to its excellent biocompatibility without a foreign-body reaction and the formation of a microstructure that physically prevents passage of cells but allows cytokines and growth factors to pass for healing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE this nanotechnology could potentially improve the quality of surgical repair of tendon, especially the zone-II area of the digital flexor tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Ishiyama
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Moro T, Takatori Y, Kyomoto M, Ishihara K, Saiga K, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H. Surface grafting of biocompatible phospholipid polymer MPC provides wear resistance of tibial polyethylene insert in artificial knee joints. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1174-82. [PMID: 20633685 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aseptic loosening of artificial knee joints induced by wear particles from a tibial polyethylene (PE) insert is a serious problem limiting their longevity. This study investigated the effects of grafting with our original biocompatible phospholipid polymer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) on the insert surface. METHODS The hydrophilicity of the PE surface was determined by the contact angle of a water droplet, and the friction torque was measured against a cobalt-chromium alloy component. The wear amount was compared among PE inserts with or without cross-linking and MPC grafting during 5x10(6) cycles of loading in a knee joint simulator. The surfaces of the insert and the wear particles in the lubricant were subjected to electron and laser microscopic analyses. The mechanical properties of the inserts were evaluated by the small punch test. RESULTS The MPC grafting increased hydrophilicity and decreased friction torque. In the simulator experiment, the wear of the tibial insert was significantly suppressed in the cross-linked PE (CLPE) insert, and even more dramatically decreased in the MPC-grafted CLPE insert, as compared to that in the non-cross-linked PE insert. Surface analyses confirmed the wear resistance by the cross-linking, and further by the MPC grafting. The particle size distribution was not affected by cross-linking or MPC grafting. The mechanical properties of the insert material remained unchanged during the loading regardless of the cross-linking or grafting. CONCLUSION Surface grafting with MPC polymer furnished the PE insert with wear resistance in an artificial knee joint through increased hydrophilicity and decreased friction torque.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moro
- Department of Science for Joint Reconstruction, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ishiyama N, Moro T, Ishihara K, Ohe T, Miura T, Konno T, Ohyama T, Kimura M, Kyomoto M, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H. The prevention of peritendinous adhesions by a phospholipid polymer hydrogel formed in situ by spontaneous intermolecular interactions. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4009-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Shimizu T, Goda T, Minoura N, Takai M, Ishihara K. Super-hydrophilic silicone hydrogels with interpenetrating poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) networks. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3274-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Takatori Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Ishihara K. Self-initiated surface grafting with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) on poly(ether-ether-ketone). Biomaterials 2010; 31:1017-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Iwasaki Y, Miyaji F, Kawaguchi H, Takatori Y, Nakamura K, Ishihara K. Superlubricious surface mimicking articular cartilage by grafting poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) on orthopaedic metal bearings. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:730-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lubricity and stability of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) polymer layer on Co-Cr-Mo surface for hemi-arthroplasty to prevent degeneration of articular cartilage. Biomaterials 2009; 31:658-68. [PMID: 19819011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Migration of the artificial femoral head to the inside of the pelvis due to the degeneration of acetabular cartilage has emerged as a serious issue in resurfacing or bipolar hemi-arthroplasty. Surface modification of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy (Co-Cr-Mo) is one of the promising means of improving lubrication for preventing the migration of the artificial femoral head. In this study, we systematically investigated the surface properties, such as lubricity, biocompatibility, and stability of the various modification layers formed on the Co-Cr-Mo with the biocompatible 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer by dip coating or grafting. The cartilage/poly(MPC) (PMPC)-grafted Co-Cr-Mo interface, which mimicked a natural joint, showed an extremely low friction coefficient of <0.01, as low as that of a natural cartilage interface. Moreover, the long-term stability in water was confirmed for the PMPC-grafted layer; no hydrolysis of the siloxane bond was observed throughout soaking in phosphate-buffered saline for 12 weeks. The PMPC-grafted Co-Cr-Mo femoral head for hemi-arthroplasty is a promising option for preserving acetabular cartilage and extending the duration before total hip arthroplasty.
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Miyaji F, Hashimoto M, Kawaguchi H, Takatori Y, Nakamura K, Ishihara K. Effects of mobility/immobility of surface modification by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer on the durability of polyethylene for artificial joints. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:362-71. [PMID: 18521890 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification is important for the improvement in medical device materials. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers have attracted considerable attention as surface modifiable polymers for several medical devices. In this study, we hypothesize that the structure of the surface modification layers might affect the long-term stability, hydration kinetics, wear resistance, and so forth, of medical devices such as artificial joints, and the poly(MPC) (PMPC) grafted surface might assure the long-term performance of such devices. Therefore, we investigate the surface properties of various surface modifications by using dip coatings of MPC-co-n-butyl methacrylate (PMB30) and MPC-co-3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (PMSi90) polymers, or photoinduced radical grafting of PMPC and also the effects of the surface properties on the durability of cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE) for artificial joints. The PMPC-grafted CLPE has an extremely low and stable coefficient of dynamic friction and volumetric wear as compared to the untreated CLPE, PMB30-coated CLPE, and PMSi90-coated CLPE. It is concluded that the photoinduced radical graft polymerization of MPC is the best method to retain the benefits of the MPC polymer used in artificial joints under variable and multidirectional loads for long periods with strong bonding between the MPC polymer and the CLPE surface, and also to retain the high mobility of the MPC polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kyomoto
- Research Department, Japan Medical Materials Corporation, Osaka, Japan.
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Moro T, Kawaguchi H, Ishihara K, Kyomoto M, Karita T, Ito H, Nakamura K, Takatori Y. Wear resistance of artificial hip joints with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) grafted polyethylene: comparisons with the effect of polyethylene cross-linking and ceramic femoral heads. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2995-3001. [PMID: 19269686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening of artificial hip joints induced by wear particles from the polyethylene (PE) liner remains the ruinous problem limiting their longevity. We reported here that grafting with a polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)) (PMPC), on the PE liner surface dramatically decreased the wear production under a hip joint simulator condition. We examined that the effect of properties of both PE by cross-linking and femoral head by changing the materials on wearing properties of PE. The PMPC grafting on the liners increased hydrophilicity and decreased friction torque, regardless of the cross-linking of the PE liner or the difference in the femoral head materials. During the hip joint simulator experiments (5 x 10(6) cycles of loading), cross-linking caused a decrease of wear amount and a reduction of the particle size, while the femoral head materials did not affect it. The PMPC grafting abrogated the wear production, confirmed by almost no wear of the liner surface, independently of the liner cross-linking or the femoral head material. We concluded that the PMPC grafting on the PE liner surpasses the liner cross-linking or the change of femoral head materials for extending longevity of artificial hip joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Moro
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Kyomoto M, Ishihara K. Self-initiated surface graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine on poly(ether ether ketone) by photoirradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:537-42. [PMID: 20355972 DOI: 10.1021/am800260t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we reported the fabrication of a highly hydrophilic nanometer-scale modified surface on a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) substrate by photoinduced graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in the absence of photoinitiators. Photoirradiation results in the generation of semibenzopinacol-containing radicals of benzophenone units in the PEEK molecular structure, which acts as a photoinitiator during graft polymerization. The poly(MPC)-grafted PEEK surface fabricated by a novel and simple polymerization system exhibited unique characteristics such as high wettability and high antiprotein adsorption, which makes it highly suitable for medical applications.
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Gomez-Barrena E, Puertolas JA, Munuera L, Konttinen YT. Update on UHMWPE research: from the bench to the bedside. Acta Orthop 2008; 79:832-40. [PMID: 19085503 DOI: 10.1080/17453670810016939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the key material for achieving excellent long-term results in total joint arthroplasties. Despite the fact that there has been a substantial amount of research and development over the years, new aspects of this material are still controversial and the most recent innovations have had a variable reception regarding clinical use. Advancements in conventional UHMWPE in the 1990s (nitrogen atmosphere irradiation, barrier package) were further improved by introduction of first-generation crosslinked polyethylene, as seen both from laboratory findings and clinical results. However, while clinical data on first-generation highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) showed reduced wear in the medium-term, academic and industrial research have helped to refine the material further, to overcome criticisms regarding residual oxidation and potential material fracture. Present concerns, although less nowadays, relate to the post-irradiation techniques used to stabilize the crosslinked polyethylene, namely annealing and remelting. Current topics of research interest include in vivo oxidation, second-generation highly crosslinked polyethylene, vitamin E doped or blended polyethylene, fracture mechanics, and consequences of wear. Some of these improvements derived from recent research are already available to the orthopedic community, and others will appear in the next few years. This review gives an overview of these topics, and the latest advancements are described in detail with a view to help the orthopedic surgeon make scientifically sound decisions when selecting material for total-joint implants. We conclude the review by affirming that today's state-of-the-art material is no longer conventional UHMWPE, but HXLPE.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gomez-Barrena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Miyaji F, Hashimoto M, Kawaguchi H, Takatori Y, Nakamura K, Ishihara K. Effect of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine concentration on photo‐induced graft polymerization of polyethylene in reducing the wear of orthopaedic bearing surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:439-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Miyaji F, Konno T, Hashimoto M, Kawaguchi H, Takatori Y, Nakamura K, Ishihara K. Enhanced wear resistance of orthopaedic bearing due to the cross-linking of poly(MPC) graft chains induced by gamma-ray irradiation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 84:320-7. [PMID: 17588248 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We assumed that the extra energy supplied by gamma-ray irradiation produced cross-links in 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer grafted cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE-g-MPC) and investigated its effects on the tribological properties of CLPE-g-MPC. In this study, we found that the gamma-ray irradiation produced cross-links in three kinds of regions of CLPE-g-MPC: poly(MPC) layer, CLPE-MPC interface, and CLPE substrate. The dynamic coefficient of friction of CLPE-g-MPC slightly increased with increasing irradiation doses. After the simulator test, both the nonsterilized and gamma-ray sterilized CLPE-g-MPC cups exhibited lower wear than the untreated CLPE ones. In particular, the gamma-ray sterilized CLPE-g-MPC cups showed extremely low and stable wear. As for the nonsterilized CLPE-g-MPC cups, the weight change varied with each cup. When the CLPE surface is modified by poly(MPC) grafting, the MPC graft polymer leads to a significant reduction in the sliding friction between the surfaces that are grafted because water thin films formed can behave as extremely efficient lubricants. Such a cross-link of poly(MPC) slightly increases the friction of CLPE by gamma-ray irradiation but provides a stable wear resistant layer on the friction surface. The cross-links formed by gamma-ray irradiation would give further longevity to the CLPE-g-MPC cups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kyomoto
- Research Division, Japan Medical Materials Corporation, Osaka, Japan.
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Ohuchi K, Hoshi H, Iwasaki Y, Ishihara K, Yoshikawa M, Ugaki S, Ishino K, Osaki S, Kotani Y, Sano S, Takatani S. Feasibility of a Tiny Centrifugal Blood Pump (TinyPump) for Pediatric Extracorporeal Circulatory Support. Artif Organs 2007; 31:408-12. [PMID: 17470213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the performances of the TinyPump (priming volume 5 mL) system including the pediatric cannulae (Stöckert Pediatric Arterial Cannulae 2.6, 3.0, and 4.0 mm, Stöckert Instruments GmbH, Munich, Germany; Polystan 20-Fr Venous Catheter, MAQUET GmbH, Rastatt, Germany) and an oxygenator (Terumo Capiox RX05 Baby-RX, Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Co., Tokyo, Japan) were studied in vitro followed with preliminary ex vivo studies in 20-kg piglets. In vitro results revealed that the TinyPump system met the requirements for pump speed, pump flow, and pressure drop as extracorporeal circulatory support during open heart surgery and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patients. In 2-h ex vivo studies using 20-kg piglets where the blood contacting surface of the TinyPump was coated with a biocompatible phospholipid polymer, the plasma-free hemoglobin levels remained less than 5.0 mg/dL and no thrombus formation was observed inside the pump. The TinyPump system including the oxygenator and connecting circuits resulted in an overall priming volume of 68 mL, the smallest ever reported. The TinyPump can be a safe option for pediatric circulatory support during open heart surgery and ECMO without requiring blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Ohuchi
- Department of Artificial Organs, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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