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Sachamitr P, Hackett S, Fairchild PJ. Induced pluripotent stem cells: challenges and opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:176. [PMID: 24860566 PMCID: PMC4029000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in cancer treatment over the past 30 years, therapeutic options remain limited and do not always offer a cure for malignancy. Given that tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are, by definition, self-proteins, the need to productively engage autoreactive T cells remains at the heart of strategies for cancer immunotherapy. These have traditionally focused on the administration of autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) pulsed with TAA, or the ex vivo expansion and adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as a source of TAA-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Although such approaches have shown some efficacy, success has been limited by the poor capacity of moDC to cross present exogenous TAA to the CD8+ T-cell repertoire and the potential for exhaustion of CTL expanded ex vivo. Recent advances in induced pluripotency offer opportunities to generate patient-specific stem cell lines with the potential to differentiate in vitro into cell types whose properties may help address these issues. Here, we review recent success in the differentiation of NK cells from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells as well as minor subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) with therapeutic potential, including CD141+XCR1+ DC, capable of cross presenting TAA to naïve CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we review recent progress in the use of TIL as the starting material for the derivation of iPSC lines, thereby capturing their antigen specificity in a self-renewing stem cell line, from which potentially unlimited numbers of naïve TAA-specific T cells may be differentiated, free of the risks of exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty Sachamitr
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford, Oxford , UK
| | - Simon Hackett
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford, Oxford , UK
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Chen XH, Gao L, Gao L, Liu Y, Kong PY, Zeng DF, Peng XG, Sun AH. Features and clinical outcomes in 40 patients with mixed-lineage acute leukemia in a single center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:309-14. [PMID: 23510508 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-lineage acute leukemia (MAL) is characterized as acute leukemia involving acute myeloid cells and lymphoid cells at the same time. It is easily misdiagnosed because of the dual characteristics involving both lymphoid and myeloid cells and has a poor prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed the features and treatment effectiveness in a single center in 40 patients with MAL. The morphology was consistent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (47.5%) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (20%) or was inconclusive (32.5%). Twenty-two patients were characterized as B/myeloid, and 18 patients as T/myeloid. Cytogenetics showed t(9;22)/(Ph(+)) (12.5%) and 11q23/MLL rearrangements (6.25%). The rate of first complete remission for patients undergoing chemotherapy based on the features of both ALL and AML and of either ALL or AML was 71.4 and 42.9%, respectively. The 1-year overall survival rates were 37.5 and 60.0% for chemotherapy and chemotherapy followed by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), respectively. The 1-year disease-free survival rates were 25.0 and 50.0% for chemotherapy and chemotherapy followed by HSCT, respectively. These results showed that MAL is confirmed to be a poor-risk disease. The chemotherapy for remission induction should be based on both myeloid cells and lymphoid cells. Transplantation should be performed after the first remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Chen XH. Cellular mechanism for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease in combined bone marrow and peripheral blood transplantation for hematological malignancies: the composition in collection. Transfus Apher Sci 2012; 48:3-9. [PMID: 23279971 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in transplant immunology and clinical and supportive care, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a clinical challenge and a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Many ways have been used to prevent and treat aGVHD, however, long-term survival remains poor. The key to improve aGVHD outcomes may, in fact, rest upon successful initial therapy. The HLA-matched HSCT was limited by the shortage of suitable donors. Unmanipulated haploidentical/mismatched related transplantation with combined granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells and G-CSF-mobilized bone marrow as a stronger aGVHD inhibition and graft-versus-leukemia effect, has been developed as an alternative transplantation strategy for patients with hematologic malignancies for the advantage of immediate donor availability, ability to select the best of many relatives, controlled graft composition and immediate access to donor-derived cellular therapies if required after transplantation. G-CSF is a potent hematopoietic cytokine, which is produced by fibroblasts, monocytes, and endothelial cells. G-CSF regulates production of neutrophils within the bone marrow and affects neutrophil progenitor proliferation, maturation and is also involved in mobilization of granulocytes, stem and progenitor cells, which has an important role in this transplantation. In this article, we review the possible mechanism for this combined G-CSF-mobilized HSCT in the prevention of aGVHD. Monocytes, T cells, Tregs cells, DC, adhesive molecule, NK cell/KIR ligand mismatching and mesenchymal stem cells may be involved in this transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
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van der Voort R, Volman TJH, Verweij V, Linssen PCM, Maas F, Hebeda KM, Dolstra H. Homing characteristics of donor T cells after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and posttransplantation therapy for multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 19:378-86. [PMID: 23266741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Relapse and graft-versus-host disease remain major problems associated with allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation (allo-BMT) and posttransplantation therapy in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and other hematologic malignancies. A possible strategy for selectively enhancing the graft-versus-myeloma response and possibly reducing graft-versus-host disease is to increase the migration of alloreactive T cells toward the MM-containing BM. In the present study, we characterized the BM-homing behavior of donor-derived effector T cells in a novel allo-BMT model for the treatment of MM. We observed that posttransplantation immunotherapy consisting of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and vaccination with minor histocompatibility antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) was associated with prolonged survival compared with allo-BMT with no further treatment. Moreover, CD8(+) effector T cells expressing inflammatory homing receptors, including high levels of CD44, LFA-1, and inflammatory chemokine receptors, were recruited to MM-bearing BM. This was paralleled by strongly increased expression of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL16, especially in mice treated with DLI plus minor histocompatibility antigen-loaded DC vaccination. Remarkably, expression of the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 was reduced. Furthermore, IFN-γ and TNF-α induced BM endothelial cells to express high levels of the inflammatory chemokines and reduced or unaltered levels of CXCL12. Finally, presentation of CXCL9 by multiple BM endothelial cell-expressed heparan sulfate proteoglycans triggered transendothelial migration of effector T cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that both post-transplantation DLI plus miHA-loaded DC vaccination and MM growth result in an increased expression of inflammatory homing receptors on donor T cells, decreased levels of the homeostatic BM-homing chemokine CXCL12, and strong induction of inflammatory chemokines in the BM. Thus, along with increasing the population of alloreactive T cells, post-transplantation immunotherapy also might contribute to a more effective graft-versus-tumor response by switching homeostatic T cell migration to inflammation-driven migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert van der Voort
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang H, Chen J, Que W. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Leuk Res 2012; 36:431-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zorn J, Schwamberger S, Panzer W, Adler H, Kolb HJ. Transplantation of CD6-depleted peripheral blood stem cells after DLA-haploidentical bone marrow transplantation contributes to engraftment and tolerance in a preclinical model of stem cell transplantation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:27-35. [PMID: 21784536 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical stem cell transplantation is an opportunity for nearly all patients lacking an HLA matched stem cell donor. However, graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) as well as infectious complications still result in high treatment-related mortality. Here, we used the dog as a preclinical model for the study of tolerance induction with the aim to optimize and to improve a clinical protocol of haploidentical stem cell transplantation. For this purpose CD6-depleted peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were transfused 6d after transplantation of unmodified bone marrow from dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-haploidentical littermate donors in order to induce immune tolerance. Besides hematopoietic stem cells CD6-depleted PBSC contain, NK cells and a minority of suppressive CD8-positive cells that may suppress activated T lymphocytes. Recipients were conditioned with, cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) preceded by a transfusion of donor buffy coat and either 1, 2 or 3 × 3.3 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). Postgrafting immunosuppression was limited to 30 d of cyclosporine and methotrexate. The additional administration of CD6-depleted PBSCs after unmodified marrow could not prevent GvHD, but it may improve engraftment and chimerism after conditioning with 2 × 3.3 Gy TBI. Reasons for incomplete suppression and possible improvements for clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - National Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Clinical Cooperation Group Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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Factors influencing engraftment in HLA-haploidentical/mismatch related transplantation with combined granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood and bone marrow for patients with leukemia. Transfus Apher Sci 2011; 44:249-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhang C, Chen XH, Zhang X, Gao L, Kong PY, Peng XG, Liang X, Gao L, Wang QY. Human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells: a new resource in hematopoietic reconstitution in mouse haploidentical transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:3739-44. [PMID: 21094849 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study showed that human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells (hUcBdSCs) expanded CD34(+) cells in vitro. This study further explored the role of hUcBdSCs in vivo. METHODS The cultured hUcBdSCs were infused into transplanted haploidentical mice to observe hematopoietic recovery and complications. RESULTS The engraftment was faster in transplantation with hUcBdSCs than without hUcBdSCs. The numbers of fibroblast (CFU-F), granulocyte/monocyte (CFU-GM), erythrocytic (CFU-E), and megakaryocyte (CFU-Mg) colony-forming units were greater among mice transplanted with hUcBdSCs than without hUcBdSCs. The scoring of graft-versus-host disease was significantly lower in mice that had been subjected to transplantation with hUcBdSCs than without hUcBdSCs. The infused hUcBdSCs migrated to the bone marrow of the recipients. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that hUcBdSCs improved hematopoietic reconstitution in haploidentical transplantation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chen XH, Zhang C, Zhang X, Gao L, Gao L, Kong PY, Peng XG, Sun AH, Zeng DF, Wang QY. Cost and outcome in stem cell collections in HLA-haplo identical/mismatched related transplantation with combined granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilized blood and bone marrow for patients with hematologic malignancies. Transfus Apher Sci 2010; 43:23-8. [PMID: 20554478 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Unmanipulated HLA-haplo identical/mismatched related transplantation with combined granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (G-PBSCs) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilized bone marrow (G-BM) has been developed as an alternative transplantation strategy for patients without an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor. In this transplantation setting, the cost and outcome of stem cell collections have not been defined completely. The aim of this study was to compare the cost and outcome of stem cell collection in HLA-haplo identical/mismatched related transplantation with combined G-PBSCs and G-BM to the HLA-identical/matched transplantation with G-PBSCs alone for patients with hematologic malignancies. Hundred and fifty-two healthy donors received twice-daily granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) subcutaneously for 5 days. The PBSCs were collected on day 4 and 5 of G-CSF treatment for HLA-identical/matched transplantation from unrelated/related donors. The PBSC collections and BM harvests was performed on day 4 and 5 of G-CSF treatment for HLA-haplo identical/mismatched related transplantation from related donors, respectively. There was no difference in the major characteristics between groups. More stem cells were harvested in HLA-haplo identical/mismatched related donors than that of HLA-identical/matched donors and a lower cost was seen in the former. The HLA-haplo identical/mismatched related transplantation with combined G-PBSCs and G-BM was a feasible approach with high cell harvest and low cost of stem cell collection for patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang C, Chen XH, Zhang X, Gao L, Gao L, Kong PY, Peng XG, Sun AH, Gong Y, Zeng DF, Wang QY. Stem cell collection in unmanipulated HLA-haploidentical/mismatched related transplantation with combined granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilised blood and bone marrow for patients with haematologic malignancies: the impact of donor characteristics and procedural settings. Transfus Med 2010; 20:169-77. [PMID: 20136781 PMCID: PMC2871169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2010.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unmanipulated haploidentical/mismatched related transplantation with combined granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilised peripheral blood stem cells (G-PBSCs) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mobilised bone marrow (G-BM) has been developed as an alternative transplantation strategy for patients with haematologic malignancies. However, little information is available about the factors predicting the outcome of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection and bone marrow (BM) harvest in this transplantation. The effects of donor characteristics and procedure factors on CD34+ cell yield were investigated. A total of 104 related healthy donors received granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) followed by PBSC collection and BM harvest. Male donors had significantly higher yields compared with female donors. In multiple regression analysis for peripheral blood collection, age and flow rate were negatively correlated with cell yield, whereas body mass index, pre-aphaeresis white blood cell (WBC) and circulating immature cell (CIC) counts were positively correlated with cell yields. For BM harvest, age was negatively correlated with cell yields, whereas pre-BM collection CIC counts were positively correlated with cell yield. All donors achieved the final product of ≥6 ×106 kg−1 recipient body weight. This transplantation strategy has been shown to be a feasible approach with acceptable outcomes in stem cell collection for patients who received HLA-haploidentical/mismatched transplantation with combined G-PBSCs and G-BM. In donors with multiple high-risk characteristics for poor aphaeresis CD34+ cell yield, BM was an alternative source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Chen XH, Zhang C, Zhang X, Gao L, Gao L, Kong PY, Peng XG, Qi DG, Sun AH, Zeng DF, Liu H, Gong Y, Wang QY. Role of Antithymocyte Globulin and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor-Mobilized Bone Marrow in Allogeneic Transplantation for Patients with Hematologic Malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:266-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Dendritic cell vaccines in melanoma: From promise to proof? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008; 66:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Introcaso CE, Leber B, Greene K, Ubriani R, Rook AH, Kim EJ. Stem cell transplantation in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:645-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukaemia in adults: experience in Europe and the United States. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 41:473-81. [PMID: 18176612 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Work on one haplotype-mismatched transplants has been proceeding for over 20 years all over the world and novel transplant techniques have been developed. Some centres have focused on the conditioning regimens and post transplant immune suppression; others have concentrated on manipulating the graft. Haploidentical transplant modalities are based mainly on high-intensity conditioning regimen, but reduced intensity regimens have recently been introduced. The graft may be a megadose of extensively T cell-depleted or unmanipulated progenitor cells. Excellent engraftment rates are associated with a very low incidence of GVHD- and regimen-related mortality even in patients who are over 50 years old. Overall, event-free survival and transplant-related mortality compare favourably with reports on transplants from sources of stem cells other than the matched sibling. Improvements will come with successful implementation of strategies to accelerate and strengthen post transplant immune reconstitution as well as transplantation of patients in early stage disease.
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Zöller M, Rajasagi M, Vitacolonna M, Luft T. Thymus repopulation after allogeneic reconstitution in hematological malignancies. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:1891-905. [PMID: 17920753 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Active vaccination in the allogeneically reconstituted tumor-bearing host essentially requires donor T-cell tolerance. To create a basis for vaccination in the allogeneically reconstituted, lymphoma-bearing host, we elaborate a reconstitution protocol that supports thymus repopulation and tolerance induction. METHODS Myeloreductively conditioned, lymphoma-bearing mice were vaccinated after reconstitution with hematopoietic progenitor cells. Readout systems included recovery of donor-derived T cells, graft vs host disease (GVHD), anti-host and anti-lymphoma cytotoxicity, as well as tumor growth rate and tumor rejection. RESULTS In tumor-free mice, myeloreductive conditioning, together with natural killer cell depletion of the host and transfer of T cell-depleted bone marrow cells, allows reconstitution without severe GVHD. However, in hematological malignancies, donor-derived T-progenitor cells hardly immigrated into the thymus. As a consequence, the frequency of severe GVHD was significantly increased, which prohibited active vaccination. Thymus repopulation became improved by strengthening myeloreductive conditioning; by supporting thymocyte expansion via interleukin-7; and, most strongly, by a small dose of donor-derived CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, which preferentially homed into the thymus. Active vaccination, in combination with this reconstitution protocol, did not strengthen GVHD, but significantly improved survival time and survival rate of lymphoma-bearing mice. CONCLUSION The negative impact of hematological malignancies on thymus repopulation and central tolerance induction can, at least in part, be corrected by application of a small number of donor-derived T-progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Progression and Tumor Defense, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Shehata N, Lin Y, Pendergrast J, Branch DR. Cellular therapies: a Canadian blood services research and development symposium. Transfus Med Rev 2007; 21:317-36. [PMID: 17900493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Shehata
- Division of Hematology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Laust AK, Sur BW, Wang K, Hubby B, Smith JF, Nelson EL. VRP immunotherapy targeting neu: treatment efficacy and evidence for immunoediting in a stringent rat mammary tumor model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 106:371-82. [PMID: 17351745 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to overcome intrinsic tolerance to a strict "self" tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and successfully treat pre-existing tumor is the most stringent test for anti-tumor immunotherapeutic strategies. Although this capacity has been demonstrated in various models using complicated strategies that may not be readily translated into the clinical arena, straightforward antigen-specific immunotherapeutic strategies in the most stringent models of common epithelial cancers have largely failed to meet this standard. We employed an immunotherapeutic strategy using an alphavirus-based, virus-like replicon particle (VRP), which has in vivo tropism for dendritic cells, to elicit immune responses to the non-mutated TAA rat neu in an aggressive rat mammary tumor model. Using this VRP-based immunotherapeutic strategy targeting a single TAA, we generated effective anti-tumor immunity in the setting of pre-existing tumor resulting in the cure of 36% of rats over multiple experiments, P = 0.002. We also observed down-regulation of rat neu expression in tumors that showed initial responses followed by tumor escape with resumption of rapid tumor growth. These responses were accompanied by significant anti-tumor proliferative responses and CD8+ cellular tumor infiltrates, all of which were restricted to animals receiving the anti-neu immunotherapy. Together these data, obtained in a stringent "self" TAA model, indicate that the VRP-based antigen-specific immunotherapy elicits sufficiently potent immune responses to exert immunologic pressure, selection, and editing of the growing tumors, thus supporting the activity of this straightforward immunotherapy and suggesting that it is a promising platform upon which to build even more potent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Laust
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Abstract
Allogeneic transplantation remains an integral part of the management of hematologic malignancies. However, transplant-related mortality, graft-versus-host disease, and disease recurrence continue to be major limitations to successful transplant outcomes and challenges to investigators in the field. Newer approaches have focused on reduction of the intensity of the conditioning regimens, harnessing the antitumor effects of the allograft, and development of adoptive immunotherapy strategies to circumvent the limitations. These developments provide physicians with the ability to tailor transplants to specific patients and their diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza B Papadopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Adult Allogeneic Bone MarrowTransplantation Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Liu B, Hao J, Pan Y, Luo B, Westgard B, Heremans Y, Sutherland DER, Hering BJ, Guo Z. Increasing donor chimerism and inducing tolerance to islet allografts by post-transplant donor lymphocyte infusion. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:933-46. [PMID: 16611329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inducing donor chimerism is the most consistently successful approach to achieve transplant tolerance. We found that a low level of donor chimerism, which was induced by a relatively non-toxic approach, induced donor-specific tolerance to islet allografts in chemically induced diabetic mice. However, a similar level of donor chimerism could not protect donor islet allografts in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that spontaneously developed autoimmune diabetes. Rejection of donor islet allografts in diabetic NOD mice with a low level of donor chimerism was mediated by recurrent autoimmunity. We used post-transplant donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) to increase donor chimerism and to induce tolerance to islet allografts. DLI significantly increased donor chimerism and promoted donor-specific tolerance to islet allografts in diabetic NOD mice. Self-tolerance to islet autoantigens was restored and restoring self-tolerance is mediated by immunoregulation. Thus, our data showed that adoptive immunotherapy with post-transplant DLI after establishing a low level of donor chimerism as a platform enhances donor chimerism, induces donor-specific tolerance to islet allografts and restores self-tolerance in the setting of autoimmune diabetes. Our data also showed that central tolerance is not sufficient to induce tolerance and peripheral tolerance through immunoregulation for restoring self-tolerance is required in the setting of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- Department of Surgery, Diabetes Institute for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, China
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