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Ruggeri RM, Barbalace MC, Croce L, Malaguti M, Campennì A, Rotondi M, Cannavò S, Hrelia S. Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders: The Mediterranean Diet as a Protective Choice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3953. [PMID: 37764737 PMCID: PMC10535745 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases are on the rise worldwide, and such a rapid increase is mainly driven by environmental factors related to changed lifestyles in "modern" societies. In this context, diet seems to play a crucial role. An unhealthy high-energy diet, rich in animal fat and proteins, salt and refined sugars (the so-called "Western diet") negatively influences the risk of autoimmunity by altering the immune balance and the gut microbiota composition, enhancing oxidative stress and promoting inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet represents a unique model of healthy eating, characterized by a high intake of food from vegetable sources, a low consumption of saturated fats in favor of unsaturated fats (mainly, olive oil), a moderate consumption of fish (typically, the small oily fishes) and dairy products, as well as a moderate consumption of wine at meals, and a low intake of meat. Thanks to its nutritional components, the Mediterranean Diet positively influences immune system function, gut microbiota composition, and redox homeostasis, exerting anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The present review was aimed at exploring the existing knowledge on the correlations between dietary habits and thyroid autoimmunity, to evaluate the role of the Mediterranean diet as a protective model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV “G. Barresi”, Endocrinology Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Laura Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV “G. Barresi”, Endocrinology Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
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Zhang X, Lin L, Chen Z, Zhang J, Wang X, Tao N. Characterization of refined fish oil from small fish in Mauritania. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kumar A, Sreedharan S, Kashyap AK, Singh P, Ramchiary N. A review on bioactive phytochemicals and ethnopharmacological potential of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.). Heliyon 2022; 8:e08669. [PMID: 35028454 PMCID: PMC8741462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Portulaca oleracea L. commonly known as purslane is distributed all over the world and easily grows in diverse soil and climatic conditions. It has been traditionally used as a nutritious and ethnomedicinal food across the globe. Various studies have shown that the plant is a rich source of various important phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins such as A, C, E, and B, carotenoids and minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zinc. It is particularly very important because of the presence of a very high concentration of omega-3- fatty acids especially α-linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, which are not generally synthesized in terrestrial plants. Various parts of purslane are known for ethnomedicinal and pharmacological uses because of its anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, skeletal muscle relaxant, antitumor, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-insomnia, analgesic, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, wound healing and antiseptic activities. Due to multiple benefits of purslane, it has become an important wonder crop and various scientists across the globe have shown much interest in it as a healthy food for the future. In this review, we provide an update on the phytochemical and nutritional composition of purslane, its usage as nutritional and an ethnomedicinal plant across the world. We further provide a detailed account on ethnopharmacological studies that have proved the ethnomedicinal properties of purslane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Sajana Sreedharan
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Government E. Raghavendra Rao Postgraduate Science College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110065, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Pires MA, Noronha RLF, Trindade MA. Understanding consumer's perception and acceptance of bologna sausages with reduced sodium content and/or omega‐3 addition through conjoint analysis and focus group. J SENS STUD 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Alves Pires
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food EngineeringUniversity of São Paulo (FZEA/USP) Pirassununga São Paulo Brazil
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Salvatore Benito A, Valero Zanuy MÁ, Alarza Cano M, Ruiz Alonso A, Alda Bravo I, Rogero Blanco E, Maíz Jiménez M, León Sanz M. Adherence to Mediterranean diet: A comparison of patients with head and neck cancer and healthy population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 66:417-424. [PMID: 30683496 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated to a lower risk of suffering multiple tumors. However, few studies have analyzed the relationship between MD and the risk of developing head and neck cancer (HNC). A case-control study comparing adherence to MD was conducted in patients diagnosed with HNC and healthy population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The level of adherence to MD was assessed using the 14-item MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) questionnaire, used in the PREDIMED study, in patients diagnosed with HNC at 12de Octubre Hospital in Madrid (cases) and in healthy subjects enrolled in a nearby primary health care center (controls). Adherence was stratified based on the score as low (≤7points), medium (8-9points), and high (≥10points). The odds ratio (OR) for developing HNC was estimated based on different factors. RESULTS A sample of 168 subjects (100 controls and 68 cases) was analyzed. Smoking (OR, 2.98 [95%CI: 1.44-6.12]; P=.003) and alcohol consumption (OR, 2.72 [95%CI: 1.39-5.33], P=.003) were strongly associated to HNC. However, medium-high adherence to MD was associated to a lower risk of developing HNC (OR, 0.48 [95%CI: 0.20-1.07], P=.052). CONCLUSIONS Consistent medium-high adherence to MD contributes to decrease the risk of developing HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Salvatore Benito
- Unidad de Nutrición, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - M Ángeles Valero Zanuy
- Unidad de Nutrición, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
| | - Marina Alarza Cano
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Ana Ruiz Alonso
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Irene Alda Bravo
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | | | - María Maíz Jiménez
- Unidad de Nutrición, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Miguel León Sanz
- Unidad de Nutrición, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
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López-Guarnido O, Urquiza-Salvat N, Saiz M, Lozano-Paniagua D, Rodrigo L, Pascual-Geler M, Lorente JA, Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Rivas A. Bioactive compounds of the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer. Aging Male 2018; 21:251-260. [PMID: 29375002 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1430129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence on the effects of bioactive constituents of the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) on prostate cancer (PCa) risk. METHODS The search for articles came from extensive research in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We used the search terms "Mediterranean diet," "lycopene," "vitamin E," "vitamin C," "Selenium," "resveratrol," "prostate cancer," and combinations, such as "lycopene and prostate cancer" or "resveratrol and prostate cancer." RESULTS Numerous studies investigating the effect of various dietary nutrients on PCa have suggested that selenium is probably the most promising. Several studies reported reduced PCa risk associated with vitamin C and E intake, while other studies reported no association. Lycopene inhibits cell proliferation and inducts apoptosis, thus protecting against cancer. Also, it has been found in various in vivo and in vitro studies that resveratrol, inhibits PCa development. CONCLUSIONS The high content of bioactive phytochemicals in the MeDi is of particular interest in the prevention of PCa. Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of MeDi bioactive compounds on prostate health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga López-Guarnido
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Noelia Urquiza-Salvat
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Saiz
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- d Nutrition and Food Science Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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Uramova S, Kubatka P, Dankova Z, Kapinova A, Zolakova B, Samec M, Zubor P, Zulli A, Valentova V, Kwon TK, Solar P, Kello M, Kajo K, Busselberg D, Pec M, Danko J. Plant natural modulators in breast cancer prevention: status quo and future perspectives reinforced by predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA J 2018; 9:403-419. [PMID: 30538792 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-018-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the genetic component in mammary carcinogenesis, epigenetic alterations are particularly important for the development of sporadic breast cancer (BC) comprising over 90% of all BC cases worldwide. Most of the DNA methylation processes are physiological and essential for human cellular and tissue homeostasis, playing an important role in a number of key mechanisms. However, if dysregulated, DNA methylation contributes to pathological processes such as cancer development and progression. A global hypomethylation of oncogenes and hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes are characteristic of most cancer types. Moreover, histone chemical modifications and non-coding RNA-associated multi-gene controls are considered as the key epigenetic mechanisms governing the cellular homeostasis and differentiation states. A number of studies demonstrate dietary plant products as actively affecting the development and progression of cancer. "Nutri-epigenetics" focuses on the influence of dietary agents on epigenetic mechanisms. This approach has gained considerable attention; since in contrast to genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications are reversible affect early carcinogenesis. Currently, there is an evident lack of papers dedicated to the phytochemicals/plant extracts as complex epigenetic modulators, specifically in BC. Our paper highlights the role of plant natural compounds in targeting epigenetic alterations associated with BC development, progression, as well as its potential chemoprevention in the context of preventive medicine. Comprehensive measures are stated with a great potential to advance the overall BC management in favor of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical services and can be considered as "proof-of principle" model, for their potential application to other multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Uramova
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- 2Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.,3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Zolakova
- 3Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- 4Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- 6Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Peter Solar
- 7Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- 8Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Busselberg
- 10Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha Qatar
| | - Martin Pec
- 2Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Danko
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Lung cancer and annual mean exposure to outdoor air pollution in Crete, Greece. Eur J Cancer Prev 2017; 26 Joining forces for better cancer registration in Europe:S208-S214. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Iranshahi M, Jahanbakhsh SP, Mahyari S, Hassani FV, Karimi G. A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Portulaca oleracea L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:158-172. [PMID: 28495602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Portulaca oleracea L. is a widespread medicinal plant that is used not only as an edible plant, but also as a traditional medicine for alleviating a wide spectrum of diseases. It is a well-known plant in the European Traditional Medicine. PA is mentioned by Dioscorides (40-90 CE), with the name of "andrachne". AIM OF THE REVIEW In this study, we provide detailed information on botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological uses, pharmacokinetics and safety of P. oleracea. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive search on electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, conference papers, local herbal encyclopedias, articles, books (in English, French, Arabic, Persian, etc.) and also a number of unpublished handwritten manuscripts was done to find articles have been published between 1956 and 2015 on pharmacology and phytochemistry of P. oleracea. RESULTS P. oleracea has been addressed in De Materia Medica as an astringent, and a remedy for headaches, inflammation of the eyes and other organs, burning of the stomach, erysipela, disorders of the bladder, numbness of the teeth, excessive sexual desire, burning fevers, worms, dysentery, hemorrhoids, eruptions of blood, and bites. Phytochemical investigations revealed that this plant a wide range of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and organic acids. The most important pharmacological activities are renoprotective activities and effects on metabolism. P. oleracea could successfully decrease blood glucose and lipid profile of patients with metabolic syndrome. The safety of P. oleracea has been reported in many clinical trials. CONCLUSION Modern pharmacological studies have now proven many traditional uses of P. oleracea, including anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic, renoprotective and hepatoprotective effects. In addition, in many clinical trials P. oleracea showed no adverse effects and constipation was reported as the most frequent adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Iranshahy
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Pardis Jahanbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Mahyari
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kwan HY, Chao X, Su T, Fu X, Tse AKW, Fong WF, Yu ZL. The anticancer and antiobesity effects of Mediterranean diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:82-94. [PMID: 25831235 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.852510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancers have been the leading cause of death worldwide and the prevalence of obesity is also increasing in these few decades. Interestingly, there is a direct association between cancer and obesity. Each year, more than 90,000 cancer deaths are caused by obesity or overweight. The dietary pattern in Crete, referred as the traditional Mediterranean diet, is believed to confer Crete people the low mortality rates from cancers. Nevertheless, the antiobesity effect of the Mediterranean diet is less studied. Given the causal relationship between obesity and cancer, the antiobesity effect of traditional Mediterranean diet might contribute to its anticancer effects. In this regard, we will critically review the anticancer and antiobesity effects of this diet and its dietary factors. The possible mechanisms underlying these effects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yee Kwan
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Tao Su
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Anfernee Kai Wing Tse
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wang Fun Fong
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
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Kakkoura MG, Sokratous K, Demetriou CA, Loizidou MA, Loucaides G, Kakouri E, Hadjisavvas A, Kyriacou K. Mediterranean diet-gene interactions: A targeted metabolomics study in Greek-Cypriot women. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27860207 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE A high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was previously associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (BC) among Greek-Cypriot women. Additionally, particular polymorphisms were shown to modulate this MD-BC association. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of polymorphisms-MD interactions on the levels of specific metabolites that could be related to dietary adherence or enzymatic activity, which is itself modulated by polymorphisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Greek-Cypriot women who were BC controls and had the lowest or the highest MD adherence (vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish) as assessed by principal component analysis (n = 564) were included. Participants were previously genotyped for nine polymorphisms of the one-carbon metabolism, oxidative stress, and xenobiotic metabolism. The serum levels of 14 metabolites that are key players in the aforementioned pathways were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. ANCOVA was used to assess polymorphism-MD interactions on metabolites' levels within a multivariate linear regression model. Statistically significant interactions between GSTM1 (where GST is glutathione S-transferase) deletion polymorphism and MD on flavin mononucleotide and on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) concentrations were observed. The MTHFR rs1801133 interacted significantly with MD on 5-MTHF concentration. CONCLUSION Serum levels of flavin mononucleotide and 5-MTHF were shown to be influenced by interactions between GSTM1 deletion or MTHFR (rs1801133) polymorphisms and a dietary pattern, characteristic of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Kakkoura
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleitos Sokratous
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christiana A Demetriou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria A Loizidou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Ulaszewska MM, Luzzani G, Pignatelli S, Capri E. Assessment of diet-related GHG emissions using the environmental hourglass approach for the Mediterranean and new Nordic diets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:829-836. [PMID: 27665443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Food production and preparation affect the environment in many ways, with effects on greenhouse gases, use of land, biodiversity, etc. The impact is influenced by consumer demand and eating habits. Two different recommended dietary models were considered, the Mediterranean Diet and the New Nordic Diet, with quantitative analysis of GHG emissions through LCA. An environmental hourglass (EH) approach based on LCA was introduced to help translate health-promoting dietary recommendations that consider regional circumstances and cultural diversity into practical eating habits, to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly consumption. Using the environmental hourglass approach, we examined whether dietary choices based on nutritional recommendations can minimise certain negative effects on the food production environment. Using two examples of health-enhancing, regionally-oriented and culturally appropriate dietary patterns - the Mediterranean Diet and the New Nordic Diet - we showed that consumption of high protein foods has a similar and comparable environmental impact to fruit and vegetable consumption. The results of this work may provide a starting point for integrated policy addressing issues related to the healthy diet of the population, aware food choices and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Gloria Luzzani
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; OPERA Research Center, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Sonia Pignatelli
- Life Cycle Engineering, Via Livorno 60 c/o Environment Park, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Ettore Capri
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; OPERA Research Center, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), Piacenza, Italy
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Jaradat NA, Shawahna R, Eid AM, Al-Ramahi R, Asma MK, Zaid AN. Herbal remedies use by breast cancer patients in the West Bank of Palestine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 178:1-8. [PMID: 26656536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Recent ethnopharmacological surveys showed that herbal remedies are the most preferred modality of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In Palestine as in many other countries, herbal remedies are widely used in the treatment of many diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the use of herbal remedies by women living with breast cancer in the West Bank of Palestine. METHODS This study was a questionnaire based cross-sectional descriptive study on the use of herbal remedies by breast cancer patients in the West Bank. A questionnaire was distributed to 115 patients at outpatient cancer clinics in face to face interviews. RESULTS The study had a response rate of 89.6%. Of all respondents, 68% were herbal remedies users. Women with breast cancer used 46 plant species belonging to 32 families. Of these, Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae were the most prevalent. Ephedra alata was the most commonly used plant species in the treatment of breast cancer. Leaves and seeds were the most commonly used parts and decoction was the most commonly used method of preparation. Herbal remedies users were more likely to use herbal remedies instead of chemotherapy. The most commonly stated reason for using herbal remedies was the belief in boosting the patient's immune system to fight cancer. CONCLUSION The use of herbal remedies is prevalent in breast cancer patients in Palestine. The use of herbal remedies was associated with educational level, time since diagnosis, type of surgery use, and use of endocrine therapy. It was apparent that the majority of users were satisfied with herbal remedies use. Clinical trials and pharmacological tests are required to be established for the presence of side effects, toxicity and efficacy for these herbal remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Amin Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ramzi Shawahna
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Mustafa Eid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rowa Al-Ramahi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Maes Kasem Asma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Abdel Naser Zaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
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The synergistic effect between the Mediterranean diet and GSTP1 or NAT2 SNPs decreases breast cancer risk in Greek-Cypriot women. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:545-555. [PMID: 26572891 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Xenobiotic metabolism is related to the interplay between diet and breast cancer (BC) risk. This involves detoxification enzymes, which are polymorphic and metabolise various dietary metabolites. An important characteristic of this pathway is that chemoprotective micronutrients can act not only as substrates but also as inducers for these enzymes. We investigated whether functional GSTP1 (p.Ile105Val-rs1695), NAT2 (590G>A-rs1799930) SNPs and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms could modulate the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on BC risk, in Greek-Cypriot women. METHODS Genotyping was performed on women from the MASTOS case-control study of BC in Cyprus. A 32-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary intake information. A dietary pattern, which closely resembles the MD (high loadings of vegetables, fruit, legumes and fish), was previously derived with principal component analysis and was used as our dietary variable. RESULTS GSTT1 null genotype increased BC risk compared with the homozygous non-null GSTT1 genotype (OR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.01-1.45). Increasing adherence to the MD reduced BC risk in women with at least one GSTP1 Ile allele (OR for Ile/Ile = 0.84, 95 % CI 0.74-0.95, for Ile/Val = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.62-0.85) or one NAT2 590G allele (OR for 590 GG = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.63-0.83, for 590 GA = 0.81, 95 % CI 0.70-0.94). p interaction values were not, however, statistically significant. CONCLUSION The homozygous null GSTT1 genotype could be a risk allele for BC among Greek-Cypriot women. The anticarcinogenic effects of the high adherence to MD against BC risk could also be further enhanced when combined with the wild-type alleles of the detoxification GSTP1 or NAT2 SNPs.
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MnSOD and CAT polymorphisms modulate the effect of the Mediterranean diet on breast cancer risk among Greek-Cypriot women. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1535-44. [PMID: 26130326 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress arises due to a cellular imbalance in oxidants and antioxidants and/or due to an altered activity of antioxidant enzymes, caused by SNPs. Oxidative stress increases susceptibility to breast cancer (BC) risk, and we previously showed that the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is rich in antioxidants, reduces BC risk in Greek-Cypriot women. Here, we investigated the effect of MnSOD (p.Val16Ala, rs4880) and CAT (-262C>T, rs1001179) SNPs on the association between the MD and BC risk in the case-control study of BC MASTOS in Cyprus. METHODS Dietary intake data were obtained using a 32-item food frequency questionnaire, from which a dietary pattern was previously derived, using principal component analysis. This pattern included high loadings of vegetables, fruit, legumes and fish, a combination that closely resembles the MD and was used as our dietary variable. RESULTS High vegetable intake lowered BC risk in women with at least one MnSOD Val allele (ORHigh vs. Low for Val/Val = 0.56, 95 % CI 0.35-0.88, for Val/Ala = 0.57, 95 % CI 0.39-0.82), or one CAT -262C allele (ORHigh vs. Low for -262CC = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.47-0.92, for -262CT = 0.53, 95 % CI 0.35-0.81). High fish intake conferred a decreased BC risk of CAT -262CC women (ORQ4 vs. Q1 0.66, 95 % CI 0.47-0.92) compared with the CAT -262TT women and low fish intake (ORQ2 vs. Q1 2.79, 95 % CI 1.08-7.17). Additionally, high fish intake reduced BC risk in MnSOD Val/Val women (ORQ4 vs. Q1 0.63, 95 % CI 0.40-0.98). p interaction values were, however, not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the antioxidative effects of the MD against BC risk may be enhanced by the wild-type alleles of the MnSOD or CAT SNPs among Greek-Cypriot women.
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Djuric Z, Turgeon DK, Ren J, Neilson A, Plegue M, Waters IG, Chan A, Askew LM, Ruffin MT, Sen A, Brenner DE. Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Anti- and Pro-Inflammatory Eicosanoids, Epithelial Proliferation, and Nuclear Morphology in Biopsies of Normal Colon Tissue. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:721-9. [PMID: 25869112 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1029637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This randomized trial evaluated the effects of intervention with either a Healthy Eating or a Mediterranean diet on colon biomarkers in 120 healthy individuals at increased colon cancer risk. The hypothesis was that eicosanoids and markers of proliferation would be favorably affected by the Mediterranean diet. Colon epithelial biopsy tissues and blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 6 mo of intervention. Colonic eicosanoid concentrations were evaluated by HPLC-MS-MS, and measures of epithelial proliferation and nuclear morphology were evaluated by image analysis of biopsy sections. There was little change in proinflammatory eicosanoids and in plasma cytokine concentrations with either dietary intervention. There was, however, a 50% increase in colonic prostaglandin E3 (PGE3), which is formed from eicosapentanoic acid, in the Mediterranean arm. Unlike PGE2, PGE3, was not significantly affected by regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at baseline, and normal weight subjects had significantly higher colon PGE3 than overweight or obese subjects. Increased proliferation in the colon at baseline, by Ki67 labeling, was associated with morphological features that defined smaller nuclei in the epithelial cells, lower colon leukotriene concentrations and higher plasma cytokine concentrations. Dietary intervention had little effect on measures of epithelial proliferation or of nuclear morphology. The increase in PGE3 with a Mediterranean diet indicates that in normal colon, diet might affect protective pathways to a greater extent than proinflammatory and proliferative pathways. Hence, biomarkers from cancer models might not be relevant in a true prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- a Department of Family Medicine and Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
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Samoylenko A, Hossain JA, Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Hiltunen JK, Kietzmann T. Nutritional countermeasures targeting reactive oxygen species in cancer: from mechanisms to biomarkers and clinical evidence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2157-96. [PMID: 23458328 PMCID: PMC3869543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert various biological effects and contribute to signaling events during physiological and pathological processes. Enhanced levels of ROS are highly associated with different tumors, a Western lifestyle, and a nutritional regime. The supplementation of food with traditional antioxidants was shown to be protective against cancer in a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent large-scale human trials in well-nourished populations did not confirm the beneficial role of antioxidants in cancer, whereas there is a well-established connection between longevity of several human populations and increased amount of antioxidants in their diets. Although our knowledge about ROS generators, ROS scavengers, and ROS signaling has improved, the knowledge about the direct link between nutrition, ROS levels, and cancer is limited. These limitations are partly due to lack of standardized reliable ROS measurement methods, easily usable biomarkers, knowledge of ROS action in cellular compartments, and individual genetic predispositions. The current review summarizes ROS formation due to nutrition with respect to macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients in the context of cancer and discusses signaling mechanisms, used biomarkers, and its limitations along with large-scale human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Samoylenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jubayer Al Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Wu JH, Chang YK, Hou YC, Chiu WJ, Chen JR, Chen ST, Wu CC, Chang YJ, Chang YJ. Meat-fat dietary pattern may increase the risk of breast cancer—A case–control study in Taiwan. Tzu Chi Med J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ismail AM, In LL, Tasyriq M, Syamsir DR, Awang K, Omer Mustafa AH, Idris OF, Fadl-Elmula I, Hasima N. Extra virgin olive oil potentiates the effects of aromatase inhibitors via glutathione depletion in estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:817-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sidahmed E, Cornellier ML, Ren J, Askew LM, Li Y, Talaat N, Rapai MS, Ruffin MT, Turgeon DK, Brenner D, Sen A, Djuric Z. Development of exchange lists for Mediterranean and Healthy Eating diets: implementation in an intervention trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:413-25. [PMID: 24112099 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been little research published on the adaptation of diabetic exchange list diet approaches for the design of intervention diets in health research despite their clinical utility. The exchange list approach can provide clear and precise guidance on multiple dietary changes simultaneously. The present study aimed to develop exchange list diets for Mediterranean and Healthy Eating, and to evaluate adherence, dietary intakes and markers of health risks with each counselling approach in 120 subjects at increased risk for developing colon cancer. METHODS A randomised clinical trial was implemented in the USA involving telephone counselling. The Mediterranean diet had 10 dietary goals targeting increases in mono-unsaturated fats, n-3 fats, whole grains and the amount and variety of fruits and vegetables. The Healthy Eating diet had five dietary goals that were based on the US Healthy People 2010 recommendations. RESULTS Dietary compliance was similar in both diet arms, with 82-88% of goals being met at 6 months, although subjects took more time to achieve the Mediterranean goals than the Healthy Eating goals. The relatively modest fruit and vegetable goals in the Healthy Eating arm were exceeded, resulting in fruit and vegetable intakes of approximately eight servings per day in each arm after 6 months. A significant (P < 0.05) weight loss and a decrease in serum C-reactive protein concentrations were observed in the overweight/obese subgroup of subjects in the Mediterranean arm in the absence of weight loss goals. CONCLUSIONS Counselling for the Mediterranean diet may be useful for both improving diet quality and for achieving a modest weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sidahmed
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Manchester LC, Korkmaz A, Fuentes-Broto L, Hardman WE, Rosales-Corral SA, Qi W. A walnut-enriched diet reduces the growth of LNCaP human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:365-73. [PMID: 23758186 PMCID: PMC3709881 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It was investigated whether a standard mouse diet (AIN-76A) supplemented with walnuts reduced the establishment and growth of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in nude (nu/nu) mice. The walnut-enriched diet reduced the number of tumors and the growth of the LNCaP xenografts; 3 of 16 (18.7%) of the walnut-fed mice developed tumors; conversely, 14 of 32 mice (44.0%) of the control diet-fed animals developed tumors. Similarly, the xenografts in the walnut-fed animals grew more slowly than those in the control diet mice. The final average tumor size in the walnut-diet animals was roughly one-fourth the average size of the prostate tumors in the mice that ate the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Djuric Z, Ruffin MT, Rapai ME, Cornellier ML, Ren J, Ferreri TG, Askew LM, Sen A, Brenner DE, Turgeon DK. A Mediterranean dietary intervention in persons at high risk of colon cancer: recruitment and retention to an intensive study requiring biopsies. Contemp Clin Trials 2012; 33:881-8. [PMID: 22640923 PMCID: PMC3408796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study recruited persons at increased risk of colon cancer to an intensive dietary intervention study that required biopsies of the colon by flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and after six months of intervention. A total of 1314 individuals contacted the study, and only 16 individuals indicated that the sigmoidoscopy procedure was an obstacle to study participation. A total of 270 individuals completed a screening visit and signed a screening consent form. Inquiries about the study tended to be fewer in the winter and late summer. Failure to return food records was the most common reason for exclusion. Dietary recall at enrollment indicated that subjects were consuming significantly more vegetables, lower sodium and a lower glycemic load on the day before starting the study vs. during the eligibility phase which might have an impact on biomarker measures. This makes it important to capture dietary changes in the period between determination of eligibility and enrollment. Subjects (n=120) were randomized to follow a Healthy Eating or a Mediterranean Diet, each of which required substantial dietary record-keeping. The study completion rate was 78%, and subjects reported high satisfaction with study participation. Of the 93 individuals who completed the study, only one refused the flexible sigmoidoscopy at the final visit. These findings suggest that flexible sigmoidoscopy does not appear to be a barrier for recruitment of high-risk individuals to an intensive dietary intervention trial, but that completing food records can be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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De Groote D, Van Belleghem K, Devière J, Van Brussel W, Mukaneza A, Amininejad L. Effect of the intake of resveratrol, resveratrol phosphate, and catechin-rich grape seed extract on markers of oxidative stress and gene expression in adult obese subjects. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 61:15-24. [PMID: 22776850 DOI: 10.1159/000338634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preventive effect of resveratrol (RES) on the development of human diseases has been verified by numerous epidemiological studies. Resveratrol triphosphate (RTP) is a stable derivative of RES in which phosphate groups protect the phenolic groups. AIMS This study compared the effect of RTP on biochemical and molecular markers of oxidative stress to equimolar doses (0.66 mmol) of RES and catechin-rich grape seed extract (CGSE) in a model of oxidative and metabolic stress associated with obesity in humans. METHODS Thirty-two obese subjects (BMI between 30 and 40) were enrolled. They all received 1 capsule of placebo/day for 28 days before being randomly devised into three arms receiving 1 capsule/day of RES, CGSE, or RTP during the following consecutive 28 days. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after the end of placebo intake, and after the end of the investigational product intake. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and blood expression of 200 redox-related genes were determined at each time point. RESULTS RTP and CGSE showed better antioxidant activities compared to RES and induced important modulations of gene expression. CONCLUSION The results suggest that RTP and CGSE could contribute to a significant reduction of oxidative stress in obese subjects.
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Lorenzo JM, Montes R, Purriños L, Cobas N, Franco D. Fatty acid composition of Celta pig breed as influenced by sex and location of fat in the carcass. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1311-1317. [PMID: 22083496 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of sex and location of fat in the carcass on the fatty acid profile of Celta pigs was studied. Twenty pigs (10 castrated males and 10 females) from the Carballina line were used. RESULTS The fatty acids composition was predominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; approximately 48% of total methyl esters), followed by saturated fatty acids (SFA; approximately 40% of total methyl esters) and, finally, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; approximately 12% of total methyl esters). The sex and location of fat in the carcass showed significant differences in PUFA and SFA content while both factors were not significantly different with respect to MUFA content. Linoleic, linolenic, eicosatrienoic and arachidonic fatty acids showed the largest difference among the three locations (intramuscular, subcutaneous ventral and subcutaneous dorsal) of the fat in the carcass. CONCLUSION The fatty acid profile that we observed in the fat of the Celta pigs does not differ greatly from those described by other authors in other autochthonous pig breeds. Principal component analysis offered a good separation of the mean samples according to the sex and location of fat of the pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrán das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
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Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Kantas D, Bika E, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB. Adherence to the mediterranean diet in relation to ischemic stroke nonfatal events in nonhypercholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic participants: results of a case/case-control study. Angiology 2011; 63:509-15. [PMID: 22144669 DOI: 10.1177/0003319711427392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the development of ischemic stroke according to cholesterol levels. During 2009-2010, 500 participants were enrolled; 250 were consecutive patients (77 ± 9 years, 55.6% men) with a first ischemic stroke and 250 population-based, control participants, matched to the patients by age and sex. Sociodemographic, clinical, dietary, and other lifestyle characteristics were measured. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by the validated MedDietScore (theoretical range: 0-55). After various adjustments, each 1/55 unit increase in the MedDietScore was associated with 17% lower likelihood of having an ischemic stroke in nonhypercholesterolemic participants (95%CI: 0.72-0.96) and 10% lower likelihood in participants with hypercholesterolemia (95%CI: 0.81-0.99). The present work highlights the cardioprotective benefits from the adoption of the Mediterranean diet, by showing its beneficial effect regarding ischemic stroke development, regardless of the presence of hypercholesterolemia.
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Abstract
A Mediterranean diet appears to have health benefits in many domains of human health, mediated perhaps by its anti-inflammatory effects. Metabolism of fatty acids and subsequent eicosanoid production is a key mechanism by which a Mediterranean diet can exert anti-inflammatory effects. Both dietary fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism determine fatty acid availability for cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-dependent production of eicosanoids, namely prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In dietary intervention studies and in observational studies of the Mediterranean diet, blood levels of fatty acids do reflect dietary intakes but are attenuated. Small differences in fatty acid levels, however, appear to be important, especially when exposures occur over long periods of time. This review summarizes how fat intakes from a Greek-style Mediterranean diet can be expected to affect fatty acid metabolizing proteins, with an emphasis on the metabolic pathways that lead to the formation of proinflammatory eicosanoids. The proteins involved in these pathways are ripe for investigation using proteomic approaches and may be targets for colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5930, USA.
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Siddiqui RA, Harvey KA, Xu Z, Bammerlin EM, Walker C, Altenburg JD. Docosahexaenoic acid: a natural powerful adjuvant that improves efficacy for anticancer treatment with no adverse effects. Biofactors 2011; 37:399-412. [PMID: 22038684 DOI: 10.1002/biof.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked fish oil consumption to a decreased incidence of cancer. The anticancer effects of fish oil are mostly attributed to its content of omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, DHA, because of its unique effect of altering membrane composition, is often regarded as the major omega-3 fatty acid involved in anticancer activity. Although use of DHA as an anticancer drug to prevent or treat human cancer in clinical settings has not yet been well established, recent studies suggest that DHA can be very effective as an adjuvant with other anticancer agents. In this article, we present studies that show the role of DHA in improving anticancer drug efficacy. Several in vitro and animal studies suggest that combining DHA with other anticancer agents often improves efficacy of anticancer drugs and also reduces therapy-associated side effects. Incorporation of DHA in cellular membranes improves drug uptake, whereas increased lipid peroxidation is another mechanism for DHA-mediated enhanced efficacy of anticancer drugs. In addition, several intracellular targets including cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, mitogen-activated protein kinase, AKT, and BCL-2/BAX are found to play an important role in DHA-mediated additive or synergistic interaction with anticancer drugs. The data suggest that DHA is a safe, natural compound that can greatly improve the anticancer properties of anticancer drugs. Use of DHA with anticancer treatments provides an avenue to therapeutic improvement that involves less risk or side effects for patients and reduced regulatory burden for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat A Siddiqui
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Cho YA, Kim J, Shin A, Park KS, Ro J. Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk in Korean Women. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:1161-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.514660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Shaikh IAA, Brown I, Wahle KWJ, Heys SD. Enhancing Cytotoxic Therapies for Breast and Prostate Cancers With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:284-96. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580903407189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Influence of omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid and bone marrow adipocytes on metastatic spread from prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 102:403-13. [PMID: 19997104 PMCID: PMC2816655 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (CaP) preferentially metastasises to the bone, and we have previously shown that the poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA) is a potent stimulator of CaP invasion. Here we present that AA promotes CaP invasion by inducing bone marrow adipocyte formation. METHODS Boyden invasion-chamber assays assessed the ability of dietary oils, their PUFA components, and specific PUFA-loaded adipocytes to induce PC-3 invasion. Lipid transfer and metabolism was followed using deuterated AA and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS Poly-unsaturated fatty acid constituents, but not their corresponding dietary oils, induced PC-3 invasion. PUFAs induce bone marrow adipocyte (BM-Ad) differentiation with AA inducing higher levels of BM-Ad differentiation, as compared with other PUFAs (3998+/-514.4 vs 932+/-265.8; P=0.00002), which stimulated greater PC-3 invasion than free AA (22 408.5+/-607.4 vs 16 236+/-313.9; P=0.01111) or adipocytes generated in the presence of other PUFAs. In bone marrow co-culture PC-3 and BM-Ad interactions result in direct uptake and metabolism of AA by PC-3 cells, destruction of the adipocyte and subsequent formation of a bone metastasis. CONCLUSION The data supports the hypothesis that AA not only promotes CaP invasion, it also prepares the 'soil', making it more supportive for implantation and propagation of the migrating metastatic cell.
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Atawodi S, Atawodi J, Idakwo P, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H, Owen R. Evaluation of the Polyphenol Composition and Antioxidant Activity of African Variety ofDacryodes edulis(G.Don) H.J Lam Fruit. J Med Food 2009; 12:1321-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Atawodi
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - J.C. Atawodi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - P. Idakwo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - B. Pfundstein
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Haubner
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Wurtele
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Spiegelhalder
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Bartsch
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R.W. Owen
- Institute for Toxicology & Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
There are two families of essential fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet: the omega-6 fatty acids consisting of linoleic and arachidonic acids and the omega-3 fatty acids consisting of linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (Prog Chem Fats Other Lipids 1968:9;275-348; Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov 2007; 2:13-21; Mini Rev Med Chem 2008; 8:107-115). Vegetables and vegetable oils are sources of linoleic and linolenic acids, and the higher omega-3s are obtained from fish. The estimated ratio of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids in the typical Western diet is about 20:1, whereas, several lines of evidence indicate that a ration of 1:1 would be optimal. Both series of fatty acids can be oxidatively metabolized to a range of products. The oxidative metabolites of arachidonic acid are all proinflammatory and/or prothrombotic, while the corresponding omega-3 metabolites are anti-inflammatory and/or antithrombotic. The imbalanced consumption of the two families of essential fatty acids contributes to a range of diseases. Greater awareness of this problem is leading to increased use of dietary supplements and new products intended to decrease omega-6 consumption while increasing omega-3 intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Wertz
- University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, USA.
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The red wine polyphenol resveratrol reduces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced DNA damage in MCF-10A cells. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:1462-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509990481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are procarcinogens that can be commonly found in our food and environment. Upon biotransformation in our body system, they can cause DNA damage through the generation of genotoxic species and oxidative stress. Phase I and II enzymes are pivotal in the process of proximate carcinogen formation and elimination. Some dietary phytochemicals are strong inhibitors to the phase I enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the red wine compound resveratrol on DNA damage induced by PAH in a non-tumorigenic breast cell line MCF-10A. Resveratrol ranging from 1 to 5 μm could significantly suppress the expressions of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP1B1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The comet assay indicated that DMBA introduced DNA damage to these cells, and co-treatment of resveratrol at 5 or 10 μm could alleviate the damage. Further investigation illustrated that resveratrol reduced the binding of DMBA metabolites to DNA with no effect on DMBA-induced oxidative DNA damage. Since the phase II enzyme UGT1A1 was suppressed, the elimination of DMBA metabolites would not have contributed to the reduction in the DMBA metabolite–DNA binding. In summary, resveratrol might protect breast cells against PAH-induced DNA damage. The underlying mechanism was mediated by phase I enzyme suppression rather than phase II enzyme induction or oxidative DNA repair.
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Thomson CA, Thompson PA. Dietary patterns, risk and prognosis of breast cancer. Future Oncol 2009; 5:1257-69. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival in women diagnosed with early-stage, invasive breast cancer has improved dramatically in the past 10–15 years. This is largely due to the use of pharmacological therapies targeting a reduction in estrogen action and exposure. Women diagnosed with breast cancer often alter their eating behavior towards healthier food choices in an attempt to improve their survival and their overall health and well being. Mounting interest in the role of diet to modify breast cancer survival and/or comorbidity and mortality has led researchers to evaluate the effects of differential dietary patterns on this disease. Current findings suggest a possible, but inconsistent, benefit of a prudent, vegetable-rich, low-fat/high-vegetable eating pattern on disease-free survival, but the results to date are limited by strong treatment effectiveness and low overall recurrence rates. It is more likely this prudent eating pattern will improve non-breast cancer mortality (e.g., cardiovascular disease) compared with a Western dietary pattern. Efforts to educate women diagnosed with breast cancer to consume a diet lower in total and saturated fat, higher in vegetables and fiber, and which results in mild to modest weight loss among overweight/obese women is sensible in light of the high survivability of breast cancer and need to direct attention to comorbidities that likely increase as a consequence of treatment and treatment-related weight gain and sedentary behavior. Additional research is needed to address the importance of diet in the breast cancer patient, particularly in relation to the effect of select dietary patterns on factors that influence individual recurrence risk (e.g., hormone levels, drug metabolism and oxidative stress), as well as factors that influence non-breast cancer morbidity risk and causes of death in the survivor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Thomson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Arizona, AZ, USA
| | - Patricia A Thompson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, AZ, USA
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A Mediterranean dietary intervention in healthy American women changes plasma carotenoids and fatty acids in distinct clusters. Nutr Res 2009; 29:156-63. [PMID: 19358929 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined patterns of changes in plasma fatty acids and carotenoids when women were asked to follow a novel, Greek-Mediterranean exchange list diet. A total of 69 healthy, nonobese women ages 25 to 59 years were randomized either to continue their own usual diet or to follow a modified Mediterranean diet for 6 months. There were no significant changes in blood lipids, triacylglycerol, insulin, glucose, or C-reactive protein. Mean plasma carotenoids increased by 55%, which is consistent with a large increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. Likewise, changes in fat intakes were reflected in blood fatty acids, with a 25% increase in mean plasma monounsaturated fatty acids. Principal component analysis was conducted to examine the sources of interindividual variation for changes in carotenoid and fatty acid levels. Changes in the Mediterranean diet were clustered together in 4 components that accounted for 78% of the variance in plasma levels. Increases in plasma lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene clustered together in a "vegetable" pattern, and increases in carotenoids found in fruit, beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin also clustered together but accounted for less of the variance. Increases in plasma monounsaturated fatty acids were clustered with a decrease in plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids, consistent with substitution in the type of oils consumed. The only association of fatty acid levels with carotenoids was that of lycopene, which clustered together with an increase in saturated fatty acids. The changes in blood levels indicate the exchange list diet was effective for targeting Mediterranean nutrient intakes using foods available in the United States.
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Itsiopoulos C, Hodge A, Kaimakamis M. Can the Mediterranean diet prevent prostate cancer? Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:227-39. [PMID: 19051189 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite the global importance of this cancer, until recently little was known about risk factors apart from the well-established factors: age, family history and country of birth. The large worldwide variation in prostate cancer risk and increased risk in migrants moving from low to high risk countries provides strong support for modifiable environmental factors. We have based our review on the findings of a systematic review undertaken by an expert panel on behalf of the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, and new data since then, linking identified foods and nutrients with prostate cancer. Evidence indicates that foods containing lycopene, as well as selenium and foods containing it, probably protect against prostate cancer, and excess consumption of foods or supplements containing calcium are a probable cause of this cancer. The expert panel also concluded that it is unlikely that beta-carotene (whether from foods or supplements) has a substantial effect on the risk of this cancer. A recent review on environmental factors in human prostate cancer also found that there were protective effects of vitamin E, pulses, soy foods and high plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. The Mediterranean diet is abundant in foods that may protect against prostate cancer and is associated with longevity and reduced cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Compared with many Western countries Greece has lower prostate cancer mortality and Greek migrant men in Australia have retained their low risk for prostate cancer. Consumption of a traditional Mediterranean diet, rich in bioactive nutrients, may confer protection to Greek migrant men, and this dietary pattern offers a palatable alternative for prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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Tseng M, Sellers TA, Vierkant RA, Kushi LH, Vachon CM. Mediterranean diet and breast density in the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Study. Nutr Cancer 2009; 60:703-9. [PMID: 19005969 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802233991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean populations' lower breast cancer incidence has been attributed to a traditional Mediterranean diet, but few studies have quantified Mediterranean dietary pattern intake in relation to breast cancer. We examined the association of a Mediterranean diet scale (MDS) with mammographic breast density as a surrogate marker for breast cancer risk. Participants completed a dietary questionnaire and provided screening mammograms for breast density assessment using a computer-assisted method. Among 1,286 women, MDS was not clearly associated with percent density in multivariate linear regression analyses. Because of previous work suggesting dietary effects limited to smokers, we conducted stratified analyses and found MDS and percent density to be significantly, inversely associated among current smokers (beta = -1.68, P = 0.002) but not among nonsmokers (beta = -0.08, P = 0.72; P for interaction = 0.008). Our results confirm a previous suggestion that selected dietary patterns may be protective primarily in the presence of procarcinogenic compounds such as those found in tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Tseng
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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Roy S, Gu M, Ramasamy K, Singh RP, Agarwal C, Siriwardana S, Sclafani RA, Agarwal R. p21/Cip1 and p27/Kip1 Are essential molecular targets of inositol hexaphosphate for its antitumor efficacy against prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1166-73. [PMID: 19176374 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) causes G(1) arrest and increases cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21/Cip1 and p27/Kip1 protein levels in human prostate cancer (PCa) DU145 cells lacking functional p53. However, whether cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor I induction by IP6 plays any role in its antitumor efficacy is unknown. Herein, we observed that either p21 or p27 knockdown by small interfering RNA has no considerable effect on IP6-induced G(1) arrest, growth inhibition, and death in DU145 cells; however, the simultaneous knockdown of both p21 and p27 reversed the effects of IP6. To further confirm these findings both in vitro and in vivo, we generated DU145 cell variants with knockdown levels of p21 (DU-p21), p27 (DU-p27), or both (DU-p21+p27) via retroviral transduction of respective short hairpin RNAs. Knocking down p21 or p27 individually did not alter IP6-caused cell growth inhibition and G(1) arrest; however, their simultaneous ablation completely reversed the effects of IP6. In tumor xenograft studies, IP6 (2% w/v, in drinking water) caused a comparable reduction in tumor volume (40-46%) and tumor cell proliferation (26-28%) in DU-EV (control), DU-p21, and DU-p27 tumors but lost most of its effect in DU-p21+p27 tumors. IP6-caused apoptosis also occurred in a Cip/Kip-dependent manner because DU-p21+p27 cells were completely resistant to IP6-induced apoptosis both in cell culture and xenograft. Together, these results provide evidence, for the first time, of the critical role of p21 and p27 in mediating the anticancer efficacy of IP6, and suggest their redundant role in the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of IP6 in p53-lacking human PCa cells, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirupa Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA
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Menendez JA, Vazquez-Martin A, Garcia-Villalba R, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Fernandez-Gutierrez A, Segura-Carretero A. tabAnti-HER2 (erbB-2) oncogene effects of phenolic compounds directly isolated from commercial Extra-Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). BMC Cancer 2008; 8:377. [PMID: 19094209 PMCID: PMC2626601 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet on breast cancer risk might be underestimated when HER2 (ERBB2) oncogene-positive and HER2-negative breast carcinomas are considered together. We here investigated the anti-HER2 effects of phenolic fractions directly extracted from Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in cultured human breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Solid phase extraction followed by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to isolate phenolic fractions from commercial EVOO. Analytical capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry was performed to check for the composition and to confirm the identity of the isolated fractions. EVOO polyphenolic fractions were tested on their tumoricidal ability against HER2-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer in vitro models using MTT, crystal violet staining, and Cell Death ELISA assays. The effects of EVOO polyphenolic fractions on the expression and activation status of HER2 oncoprotein were evaluated using HER2-specific ELISAs and immunoblotting procedures, respectively. RESULTS Among the fractions mainly containing the single phenols hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, the polyphenol acid elenolic acid, the lignans (+)-pinoresinol and 1-(+)-acetoxypinoresinol, and the secoiridoids deacetoxy oleuropein aglycone, ligstroside aglycone, and oleuropein aglycone, all the major EVOO polyphenols (i.e. secoiridoids and lignans) were found to induce strong tumoricidal effects within a micromolar range by selectively triggering high levels of apoptotic cell death in HER2-overexpressors. Small interfering RNA-induced depletion of HER2 protein and lapatinib-induced blockade of HER2 tyrosine kinase activity both significantly prevented EVOO polyphenols-induced cytotoxicity. EVOO polyphenols drastically depleted HER2 protein and reduced HER2 tyrosine autophosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. EVOO polyphenols-induced HER2 downregulation occurred regardless the molecular mechanism contributing to HER2 overexpression (i.e. naturally by gene amplification and ectopically driven by a viral promoter). Pre-treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented EVOO polyphenols-induced HER2 depletion. CONCLUSION The ability of EVOO-derived polyphenols to inhibit HER2 activity by promoting the proteasomal degradation of the HER2 protein itself, together with the fact that humans have safely been ingesting secoiridoids and lignans as long as they have been consuming olives and OO, support the notion that the stereochemistry of these phytochemicals might provide an excellent and safe platform for the design of new HER2-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-Health Services Division of Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain.
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Dedoussis GV, Kanoni S, Mariani E, Cattini L, Herbein G, Fulop T, Varin A, Rink L, Jajte J, Monti D, Marcellini F, Malavolta M, Mocchegiani E. Mediterranean diet and plasma concentration of inflammatory markers in old and very old subjects in the ZINCAGE population study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:990-6. [PMID: 18605965 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with low-grade elevation of circulating inflammatory markers, leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The Mediterranean diet has been suggested as a determinant of longevity. In the current study, we investigated the impact of the Mediterranean diet on inflammatory status in old subjects. METHODS Within the ZINCAGE study, 957 healthy old subjects (>or=60 years old) from five European countries were recruited. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. Dietary data were collected applying a food frequency questionnaire and were used to estimate adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS The Italians presented the greatest adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while the Polish the poorest. In females, higher diet score was significantly associated with lower body mass index and ESR and higher HDL-C levels (beta=-0.127, p=0.003; beta=-0.144, p=0.001; beta=0.144, p=0.029, respectively). In males, diet score was negatively associated with IL-8 levels (beta=-0.101, p=0.044). The Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced IL-8 concentrations in Greeks (beta=-0.213, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS There were significant effects of the components of the Mediterranean diet on inflammation markers. The Mediterranean diet score is useful in assessing nutritional influence on immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition Science and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Wang Y, Ye L, Leung LK. A positive feedback pathway of estrogen biosynthesis in breast cancer cells is contained by resveratrol. Toxicology 2008; 248:130-5. [PMID: 18462857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19 enzyme or aromatase catalyses the rate-determining step of estrogen synthesis. The transcriptional control of CYP19 gene is highly specific in different cell types, for instance, Promoter I.3/II is commonly used for regulation in breast cancer cells. Recently, a positive feedback pathway for estrogen synthesis has been identified in ER alpha expressing SK-BR-3 cells. CYP19 mRNA abundance and activity are increased in this pathway and the promoter usage is switched from Promoter I.3/II to I.1 through a non-genomic process. In the present study, effect of the phytocompound resveratrol on this Promoter I.1-controlled expression of aromatase was investigated. Results indicated that resveratrol reduced the estradiol-induced mRNA abundance in SK-BR-3 cells expressing ER alpha. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that resveratrol could also repress the transcriptional control dictated by Promoter I.1. Since the ERE-driven luciferase activity was not repressed by resveratrol, the nuclear events of estrogen were unlikely to be suppressed by resveratrol. Instead the phytochemical reduced the amount of ERK activated by estradiol, which could be the pathway responsible for Promoter I.1 transactivation and the induced CYP19 expression. The present study illustrated that resveratrol impeded the non-genomic induction of estrogen on CYP19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a major cause of lethality from gynecological malignancies, and there is a lack of reliable and specific serum markers for this disease. Eicosanoid-related enzymes have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer, but little is known about the relevance of lipoxygenase isoforms in ovarian cancer and the results on cyclooxygenases are conflicting. For this study, we quantified the expression of eicosanoid-related enzymes (cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, 15-lipoxygenase-1 and lipoxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase) in normal and malignant human ovarian tissue by real-time polymerase chain reaction and found a 22-fold elevated expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 in malignant specimens when compared with normal ovarian tissue (P=0.001). In ovarian carcinoma metastases, expression of the enzyme was also augmented (20-fold upregulation, P=0.004). For 15-lipoxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, we did not observe differential expression, but there was a trend for increased steady-state concentrations of cyclooxygenase-1 (P=0.1 for ovarian carcinoma, P=0.011 for metastases) and 5-lipoxygenase (P=0.1 for ovarian carcinoma, P=0.018 for metastases, respectively). These data indicate that expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 mRNA is strongly augmented during ovarian carcinogenesis and that the enzyme may constitute a suitable candidate as a tumor marker.
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Masood MA, Salem N. High-throughput analysis of plasma fatty acid methyl esters employing robotic transesterification and fast gas chromatography. Lipids 2007; 43:171-80. [PMID: 18084789 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid analysis is an important research tool, and indices derived from essential fatty acid contents serve as useful biomarkers related to cardiovascular and other chronic disease risk. Both clinical and basic studies of essential fatty acid composition are becoming ever larger in magnitude leading to delays while the rather laborious lipid analyses are performed. A robotic transesterification procedure has been developed for high-throughput analysis of plasma fatty acid methyl esters. In this approach, robots perform most steps including plasma and reagent transfer, transesterification reaction via heating at 80 degrees C in open tubes with multiple reagent additions, followed by two-phase extraction and transfer of lipid extracts to GC vials. The vials are then placed directly onto a GC autosampler carousel for robotic sample injection. An improved fast GC method is presented in which the peaks of interest are eluted within 6 min. This method is readily scalable to prepare and analyze 200 samples per day (1,000 samples per week) so that large clinical trials can be accommodated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Athar Masood
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Israeli ‘cancer shift’ over heart disease mortality may be led by greater risk in women with high intake of n-6 fatty acids. Eur J Cancer Prev 2007; 16:486-94. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e3280145b6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Salvini S, Sera F, Caruso D, Giovannelli L, Visioli F, Saieva C, Masala G, Ceroti M, Giovacchini V, Pitozzi V, Galli C, Romani A, Mulinacci N, Bortolomeazzi R, Dolara P, Palli D. Daily consumption of a high-phenol extra-virgin olive oil reduces oxidative DNA damage in postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:742-51. [PMID: 16571154 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oils (EVOO), high in phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties, could be partly responsible for the lower mortality and incidence of cancer and CVD in the Mediterranean region. The present study aims to measure oxidative DNA damage in healthy human subjects consuming olive oils with different concentrations of natural phenols. A randomised cross-over trial of high-phenol EVOO (high-EVOO; 592mg total phenols/kg)Vlow-phenol EVOO (low-EVOO; 147mg/kg) was conducted in ten postmenopausal women in Florence. Subjects were asked to substitute all types of fat and oils habitually consumed with the study oil (50g/d) for 8 weeks in each period. Oxidative DNA damage was measured by the comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes, collected at each visit during the study period. Urine samples over 24h were collected to measure the excretion of the olive oil phenols. The average of the four measurements of oxidative DNA damage during treatment with high-EVOO was 30% lower than the average during the low-EVOO treatment (p=0·02). Urinary excretion of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillyl alcohol were significantly increased in subjects consuming high-EVOO. Despite the small sample size, the present study showed a reduction of DNA damage by consumption of an EVOO rich in phenols, particularly hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Salvini
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (CSPO), Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy.
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Hu Y, Rahlfs S, Mersch-Sundermann V, Becker K. Resveratrol modulates mRNA transcripts of genes related to redox metabolism and cell proliferation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. Biol Chem 2007; 388:207-19. [PMID: 17261084 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2007.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic chemopreventive agent that has been shown to influence cellular redox reactions. As a systematic approach to elucidating the complex effects of resveratrol on eukaryotic cells, we studied its dose-dependent effects on the transcript levels of genes and activities of enzymes related to redox metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and apoptotic cascades in the cancer cell line A549. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx)1 mRNA levels, as well as GPx and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities, were significantly increased after resveratrol treatment, whereas total glutathione concentrations decreased. Increased transcript levels were also detected for selenophosphate synthetase 2 and superoxide dismutase 2. However, mRNA levels of thioredoxin, TrxR, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase 1, and catalase were not altered. Among the 12 genes studied that are related to the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis, mRNA levels of six genes, including P53, FAS, and BCL2, were upregulated, while the mRNA level of survivin was reduced. The results suggest that GPx and other selenoproteins are important targets of resveratrol. Furthermore, genes supporting cell survival and differentiation, as well as genes involved in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, are induced by resveratrol, resulting in a delicate balance that is likely to contribute to the chemopreventive effects of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Nutritional Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, and Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Indoor and Environmental Toxicology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Germany
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Charalabopoulos K, Kotsalos A, Batistatou A, Charalabopoulos A, Vezyraki P, Peschos D, Kalfakakou V, Evangelou A. Selenium in serum and neoplastic tissue in breast cancer: correlation with CEA. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:674-6. [PMID: 16880784 PMCID: PMC2360505 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace element selenium (Se) is regarded to be a breast cancer preventive factor involved in multiple protective pathways. In all, 80 women with breast cancer who underwent a radical mastectomy were enrolled in the study. Serum Se and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were measured using a fluorometric and IRMA assay, respectively. Se tissue concentration was determined by a tissue extracting fluorometric assay. For statistical analysis purposes t-test was used and P-values <0.001 were regarded as statistically significant. Serum Se was 42.5±7.5 μg l−1 in breast cancer patients and 67.6±5.36 μg l−1 in the age-matched control group of healthy individuals. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in patients was 10±1.7 U ml−1 (normal <2.5 U ml−1 in nonsmokers/<3.5 U ml−1 in smokers). A statistically significant difference was found for both serum Se and CEA between two groups studied (P<0.001). Neoplastic tissue Se concentration was 2660±210 mg g−1 tissue; its concentration in the adjacent non-neoplastic tissue was 680±110 mg g−1 tissue (P<0.001). An inverse relationship between Se and CEA serum levels was found in the two groups studied (r=−0.794). There was no correlation between serum/tissue Se concentration and stage of the disease. The decrease in serum Se concentration as well as its increased concentration in the neoplastic breast tissue is of great significance. These alterations may reflect part of the defence mechanisms against the carcinogenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Charalabopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Clinical Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Ioannina, 13, Solomou str., 452 21 Ioannina, Greece.
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Khan NA, Nishimura K, Aires V, Yamashita T, Oaxaca-Castillo D, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits cancer cell growth via p27Kip1, CDK2, ERK1/ERK2, and retinoblastoma phosphorylation. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2306-13. [PMID: 16847309 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600269-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a PUFA of the n-3 family, inhibited the growth of FM3A mouse mammary cancer cells by arresting their progression from the late-G(1) to the S phase of the cell cycle. DHA upregulated p27(Kip1) levels by inhibiting phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, i.e., ERK1/ERK2. Indeed, inhibition of ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation by DHA, U0126 [chemical MAPK extracellularly signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor], and MEK(SA) (cells expressing dominant negative constructs of MEK) resulted in the accumulation of p27(Kip1). MAP kinase (MAPK) inhibition by DHA did not increase p27(Kip1) mRNA levels. Rather, this fatty acid stabilized p27(Kip1) contents and inhibited MAPK-dependent proteasomal degradation of this protein. DHA also diminished cyclin E phosphorylation, cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) activity, and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein in these cells. Our study shows that DHA arrests cell growth by modulating the phosphorylation of cell cycle-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim A Khan
- Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieure-Lipides & Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
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Wang Y, Lee KW, Chan FL, Chen S, Leung LK. The red wine polyphenol resveratrol displays bilevel inhibition on aromatase in breast cancer cells. Toxicol Sci 2006; 92:71-7. [PMID: 16611627 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a crucial role in the development of breast cancer, and the inhibition of estrogen synthesis has been an important target for the prevention and treatment of this disease. The rate-limiting reaction of the hormone biosynthesis is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19 enzyme or aromatase. It has been of genuine interest to uncover an aromatase-inhibitory compound from a dietary source. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that can be isolated from grape peel. Because of its structural resemblance to estrogen, resveratrol's agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor have been examined and demonstrated. In the present study, the effect of resveratrol on the expression and enzyme activity of aromatase was investigated. By assaying on MCF-7 cells stably transfected with CYP19 (MCF-7aro cells), resveratrol inhibited the aromatase activity with an IC(50) value of 25 microM. Kinetic analysis indicated that both competitive and noncompetitive inhibition might be involved. The administration of 10 nmol/l testosterone-a substrate of aromatase-produced a 50% increase in the MCF-7aro cell number. This cell proliferation specifically induced by testosterone was significantly reduced by 10 microM resveratrol. In addition, 50 microM resveratrol significantly reduced the CYP19-encoding mRNA abundance in SK-BR-3 cells. The transcriptional control of CYP19 gene is tissue specific, and promoter regions I.3 and II have previously been shown to be responsible for CYP19 expression in breast cancer cells. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that resveratrol could repress the transcriptional control dictated by the promoter regulation. The present study illustrated that pharmacological dosage of resveratrol inhibited aromatase at both the enzyme and mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Anatomy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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