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Perrone S, Troisi L, Salomone A. Heterocycle Synthesis through Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Perrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali; Università del Salento; Campus Ecotekne, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Luigino Troisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali; Università del Salento; Campus Ecotekne, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali; Università del Salento; Campus Ecotekne, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of α-chloroketones with hydrazines: a simple route to pyrazolone derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Watanabe Y, Cohen RA, Matsui R. Redox Regulation of Ischemic Angiogenesis - Another Aspect of Reactive Oxygen Species. Circ J 2016; 80:1278-84. [PMID: 27151566 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants are expected to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) by eliminating oxidative stress, but clinical trials have not shown promising results in chronic CVD. Animal studies have revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbate acute CVDs in which high levels of ROS are observed. However, ROS are also necessary for angiogenesis after ischemia, because ROS not only damage cells but also stimulate the cell signaling required for angiogenesis. ROS affect signaling by protein modifications, especially of cysteine amino acid thiols. Although there are several cysteine modifications, S-glutathionylation (GSH adducts; -SSG), a reversible cysteine modification by glutathione (GSH), plays an important role in angiogenic signal transduction by ROS. Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is an enzyme that specifically removes GSH adducts in vivo. Overexpression of Glrx inhibits, whereas deletion of Glrx improves revascularization after mouse hindlimb ischemia. These studies indicate that increased levels of GSH adducts in ischemic muscle are beneficial in promoting angiogenesis. The underlying mechanism can be explained by multiple targets of S-gluathionylation, which mediate the angiogenic effects in ischemia. Increments in the master angiogenic transcriptional factor, HIF-1α, reduction of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt1, activation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)pump, SERCA, and inhibition of phosphatases may occur as a consequence of enhanced S-glutathionylation in ischemic tissue. In summary, inducing S-glutathionylation by inhibiting Glrx may be a therapeutic strategy to improve ischemic angiogenesis in CVD. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1278-1284).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Watanabe
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine
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Is Mycophenolate Mofetil an Alternative Agent to Corticosteroids in Traumatic Nerve Paralysis? J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25:e510-3. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Antiarrhythmic properties of some 1,4-disubstituted piperazine derivatives with α1-adrenoceptor affinities. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:237-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kikuchi K, Tancharoen S, Takeshige N, Yoshitomi M, Morioka M, Murai Y, Tanaka E. The efficacy of edaravone (radicut), a free radical scavenger, for cardiovascular disease. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13909-30. [PMID: 23880849 PMCID: PMC3742225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone was originally developed as a potent free radical scavenger, and has been widely used to treat acute ischemic stroke in Japan since 2001. Free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Therefore, free radicals may be targets for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Edaravone shows protective effects on ischemic insults and inflammation in the heart, vessel, and brain in experimental studies. As well as scavenging free radicals, edaravone has anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-cytokine effects in cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Edaravone has preventive effects on myocardial injury following ischemia and reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Edaravone may represent a new therapeutic intervention for endothelial dysfunction in the setting of atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetes, or hypertension, because these diseases result from oxidative stress and/or cytokine-induced apoptosis. This review evaluates the potential of edaravone for treatment of cardiovascular disease, and covers clinical and experimental studies conducted between 1984 and 2013. We propose that edaravone, which scavenges free radicals, may offer a novel option for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, additional clinical studies are necessary to verify the efficacy of edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothe Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothe Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Nobuyuki Takeshige
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Munetake Yoshitomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mails: (N.T.); (M.Y.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoshinaka Murai
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Eiichiro Tanaka
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-942-31-7542; Fax: +81-942-31-7695
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Protective effect of edaravone against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults in neuroblastoma N2a cells. Neurosci Lett 2012; 531:160-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li GY, Feng Y, Cheng TS, Yin JM, Zhang CQ. Edaravone, a novel free radical scavenger, prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 52:438-47. [PMID: 23173187 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of edaravone, a novel free radical scavenger, on preventing steroid-induced osteonecrosis (ON) in a rabbit model. METHODS Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were divided into control (C; n = 6), steroid-administered (S; n = 15) and edaravone-administered groups (E; n = 15) after receiving an established protocol of steroid-induced ON. Before and after steroid administration, plasma levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured for oxidative stress. Two weeks later bilateral proximal femurs were dissected for micro-CT-based micro-angiography, and the presence or absence of ON and intravascular thrombi were examined histopathologically. Immunohistochemical examination of oxidative injury in bone tissue was conducted using the anti-8-hydoxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and anti-malondialdehyde mAbs. RESULTS The incidence of ON in the E group (20%) was significantly lower than in the S group (73%). Three to five days after steroid administration, the plasma GSH level was significantly higher and LPO level was significantly lower in the E group than the S group. Compared with the S group, there were significantly more small-sized perfusion vessels and fewer large-sized dilated vessels in the E group. Thrombosis incidence was significantly lower in the E group than the S group. Intraosseous vessels and haematopoietic cells that sustained oxidative injury were significantly fewer in the E group than the S group. CONCLUSION Edaravone exerted beneficial effects on reducing incidence of steroid-induced ON by suppressing the accumulation of lipid peroxidative products and oxidative DNA damage in endothelial cells and haematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Carreira RS, Lee P, Gottlieb RA. Mitochondrial therapeutics for cardioprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 17:2017-35. [PMID: 21718247 DOI: 10.2174/138161211796904777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent approximately one-third of the mass of the heart and play a critical role in maintaining cellular function-however, they are also a potent source of free radicals and pro-apoptotic factors. As such, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is essential to cell survival. As the dominant source of ATP, continuous quality control is mandatory to ensure their ongoing optimal function. Mitochondrial quality control is accomplished by the dynamic interplay of fusion, fission, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This review examines these processes in the heart and considers their role in the context of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Interventions that modulate mitochondrial turnover, including pharmacologic agents, exercise, and caloric restriction are discussed as a means to improve mitochondrial quality control, ameliorate cardiovascular dysfunction, and enhance longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Carreira
- BioScience Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA
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Kikuchi K, Takeshige N, Miura N, Morimoto Y, Ito T, Tancharoen S, Miyata K, Kikuchi C, Iida N, Uchikado H, Miyagi N, Shiomi N, Kuramoto T, Maruyama I, Morioka M, Kawahara KI. Beyond free radical scavenging: Beneficial effects of edaravone (Radicut) in various diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2011; 3:3-8. [PMID: 22969835 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases; thus, they are an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in these diseases. Compounds capable of scavenging free radicals have been developed for this purpose and some, developed for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke, have progressed to clinical trials. One such scavenger, edaravone, is used to treat patients within 24 h of stroke. Edaravone, which can diffuse into many disease-affected organs, also shows protective effects in the heart, lung, intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder and testis. As well as scavenging free radicals, edaravone has anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic and anti-cytokine effects in various diseases. Here, we critically review the literature on its clinical efficacy and examine whether edaravone should be considered a candidate for worldwide development, focusing on its effects on diseases other than cerebral infarction. Edaravone has been safely used as a free radical scavenger for more than 10 years; we propose that edaravone may offer a novel treatment option for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yame Public General Hospital, Yame 834-0034
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Walker JR, Fairfull-Smith KE, Anzai K, Lau S, White PJ, Scammells PJ, Bottle SE. Edaravone containing isoindoline nitroxides for the potential treatment of cardiovascular ischaemia. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) exerts ubiquitous signaling via posttranslational modification of cysteine residues, a reaction termed S-nitrosylation. Important substrates of S-nitrosylation that influence cardiac function include receptors, enzymes, ion channels, transcription factors, and structural proteins. Cardiac ion channels subserving excitation-contraction coupling are potentially regulated by S-nitrosylation. Specificity is achieved in part by spatial colocalization of ion channels with nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), enzymatic sources of NO in biologic systems, and by coupling of NOS activity to localized calcium/second messenger concentrations. Ion channels regulate cardiac excitability and contractility in millisecond timescales, raising the possibility that NO-related species modulate heart function on a beat-to-beat basis. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding of NO regulation of the cardiac action potential and of the calcium release channel ryanodine receptor, which is crucial for the generation of force. S-Nitrosylation signaling is disrupted in pathological states in which the redox state of the cell is dysregulated, including ischemia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Gonzalez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Adriana Treuer
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Qi-An Sun
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Yamazaki K, Miwa S, Toyokuni S, Nemoto S, Oriyanhan W, Takaba K, Saji Y, Marui A, Nishina T, Ikeda T, Komeda M. Effect of edaravone, a novel free radical scavenger, supplemented to cardioplegia on myocardial function after cardioplegic arrest: in vitro study of isolated rat heart. Heart Vessels 2009; 24:228-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-008-1106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kim HJ, Park MK, Rhee KH, Youn HS, Ko SH, Kim HS, Chung MH. Long-Term Intake of High Doses of Vitamin C Down-regulates Anti-oxidant Enzymes in Human Erythrocytes. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2008.13.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Over the last decade, important advances have been made to support the fact that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and play a harmful role during the acute and late stages of cerebral ischemia. Several drugs, such as radical scavengers and antioxidants, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one; Radicut, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation) is a novel antioxidant that is currently used in Japan for the treatment of patients in the acute stage of cerebral infarction. Edaravone scavenges ROS and inhibits proinflammatory responses after brain ischemia in animals and humans. In particular, postischemic inflammation, leading to brain edema and infarction due to neuronal damage and endothelial cell death, can be ameliorated by edaravone. In addition to these antistroke effects, edaravone has also been shown to prevent oxidative damage to various extracerebral organs. Therefore, in addition to its usefulness in the treatment of stroke, edaravone is expected to play an integral role in the treatment of many oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of REDOX Medicinal Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Takeda T, Takeda S, Takumida M, Okada T, Kakigi A, Nakatani H, Hamada M, Yamakawa K. Protective effects of edaravone against ischemia-induced facial palsy. Auris Nasus Larynx 2008; 35:321-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song Y, Gong YY, Xie ZG, Li CH, Gu Q, Wu XW. Edaravone (MCI-186), a free radical scavenger, attenuates retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:823-8. [PMID: 18565280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of edaravone (MCI-186), a free radical scavenger, against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina. METHODS Retinal ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by elevating intraocular pressure to 110 mmHg for 60 min. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone at a dose of 3 mg/kg at 30 min before ischemia, and then treated with edaravone (3 mg/kg, ip) twice daily for 1 or 5 d after I/R. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the retinal tissues were determined on d 1 after I/R injury. The apoptosis of retinal neurons was detected on d 1 after I/R injury by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling staining. The electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded on d 5 after reperfusion. RESULTS Edaravone lowered MDA levels, raised SOD activity, and attenuated I/R-induced apoptosis of retinal neurons within the inner nuclear, ganglion cell, and outer nuclear layers of the rat retina. Moreover, edaravone suppressed I/R-induced reduction in a- and b-wave amplitudes of ERG. CONCLUSION Edaravone can protect the retina from I/R injury in rats through reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis of retinal neurons, which suggests that edaravone might be a potential choice for the treatment of I/R-induced eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Ophthalmic Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Lin M, Katsumura Y, Hata K, Muroya Y, Nakagawa K. Pulse radiolysis study on free radical scavenger edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2007; 89:36-43. [PMID: 17822914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The reactions between edaravone and various one-electron oxidants such as (*)OH, N(3)(*), Br(2)(-), and SO(4)(-), have been studied by pulse radiolysis techniques. The transient species produced by the reaction of edaravone with (*)OH radical shows an absorption band with lambda(max)=320 nm, while the oxidation by N(3)(*), Br(2)(-), SO(4)(-) and CCl(3)OO(*) results in an absorption band with lambda(max)=345 nm. Different from the previous reports, the main transient species by the reaction of edaravone with (*)OH radical in the absence of O(2) is attributed to OH-adducts. At neutral condition (pH 7), the rate constants of edaravone reacting with (*)OH, N(3)(*), SO(4)(-), CCl(3)OO(*), and e(aq)(-) are estimated to be 8.5x10(9), 5.8x10(9), 6x10(8), 5.0x10(8) and 2.4x10(9)dm(3)mol(-1)s(-1), respectively. From the pH dependence on the formation of electron adducts and on the rate constant of edaravone with hydrated electron, the pK(a) of edaravone is estimated to be 6.9+/-0.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Lin
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokaimura, Nakagun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
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Sasano N, Enomoto A, Hosoi Y, Katsumura Y, Matsumoto Y, Shiraishi K, Miyagawa K, Igaki H, Nakagawa K. Free radical scavenger edaravone suppresses x-ray-induced apoptosis through p53 inhibition in MOLT-4 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2007; 48:495-503. [PMID: 17965547 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.07061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Edaravone, a clinical drug used widely for the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, is reported to scavenge free radicals. In the present study, we investigated the radioprotective effect of edaravone on X-ray-induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells. Apoptosis was determined by the dye exclusion test, Annexin V binding assay, cleavage of caspase, and DNA fragmentation. We found that edaravone significantly suppressed the X-ray-induced apoptosis. The amount of intracellular ROS production was determined by the chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate system. We found that the intracellular ROS production by X-irradiation was completely suppressed by the addition of edaravone. The accumulation and phosphorylation of p53 and the expression of p21(WAF1), a target protein of p53, which were induced by X-irradiation, were also suppressed by adding edaravone. We conclude that the free radical scavenger edaravone suppresses X-ray-induced apoptosis in MOLT-4 cells by inhibiting p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakashi Sasano
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Limiting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is essential for preventing contractile dysfunction and limiting morbidity and mortality associated with ischemic heart disease. Over the last few decades, it has become clear that during IR insults, myocardial oxygen radical formation is accelerated and plays a critical role in mediating cellular damage and dysfunction. This review provides a brief summary of a variety of approaches that have been undertaken to alleviate the oxidant stress associated with myocardial IR, and a summary of the data demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of oxidant scavenging in limiting IR-induced myocardial damage. Included is a review of investigations using novel free radical scavengers, antioxidant extracts from a variety of plants, polyphenolic compounds from foods such as cocoa, soy, grapes, and wine, as well as vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. Also reviewed is the evidence that exercise-induced increases in endogenous antioxidants may be an important change contributing to cardioprotection. One must conclude from this brief review that current evidence suggests that enhancing oxidant-scavenging capacity protects against some of the cardiomyocyte disturbances during IR and helps salvage myocardial tissue. Data in cultured cell and animal models are convincing; trials in humans are significantly more conflicting, but still promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Applied Human Sciences, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA.
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Kotani Y, Ishino K, Osaki S, Honjo O, Suezawa T, Kanki K, Yutani C, Sano S. Efficacy of MCI-186, a free-radical scavenger and antioxidant, for resuscitation of nonbeating donor hearts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 133:1626-32. [PMID: 17532966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxygen-derived free radicals are responsible in part for reperfusion injury in globally ischemic myocardium. In this study, the efficacy for resuscitation of nonbeating donor hearts of MCI-186, a free-radical scavenger and antioxidant, was investigated in a pig transplantation model. METHODS Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxiation. After 30 minutes of global ischemia, the hearts were excised and immediately reperfused from the aortic root with normoxemic blood cardioplegia (PO2 100 mm Hg) for 20 minutes, followed by perfusion with hyperoxemic blood (PO2 300 mm Hg). MCI-186 (3 mg/kg) was administered into the aortic root for the first 30 minutes of reperfusion in the treated group (n = 6), and untreated hearts were used as a control group (n = 6). Transplantation was performed with the heart beating. RESULTS Posttransplantation recovery of cardiac output, end-systolic pressure-volume ratio, and first derivative of pressure of the left ventricle in the treated group were significantly better than those in the control group. The coronary sinus-aortic root difference in malondialdehyde levels remained low throughout reperfusion in the treated group but abruptly increased after initiation of oxygenated blood perfusion in the control group. The MCI-186-treated hearts showed low degree of edema and well-preserved ultrastructure with normal-appearing organelles, whereas the untreated hearts had marked swelling of mitochondria and scant glycogen granules. CONCLUSION MCI-186 exerts a cardioprotective action at least partly by inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant therapy at the initial reperfusion is essential to successful resuscitation of nonbeating hearts by continuous myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Fukuda A, Okubo S, Tanabe Y, Hoshiba Y, Shiobara H, Harafuji K, Kobori Y, Fujinawa M, Okubo T, Yamashina A. Cardioprotective effect of edaravone against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rabbit heart before, during and after reperfusion treatment. J Int Med Res 2007; 34:475-84. [PMID: 17133776 DOI: 10.1177/147323000603400504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The free radical scavenger edaravone is able to stimulate prostacyclin release and inhibit the lipoxygenase pathway in the arachidonic acid cascade. The effect of edaravone administration on myocardial damage in rabbit hearts subjected to ischaemia-reperfusion was examined at different times relative to reperfusion. All rabbits underwent sustained coronary artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Rabbits were divided into the following groups: control; early (3 mg/kg edaravone IV 10 min before reperfusion); immediate (3 mg/kg edaravone IV immediately after the start of reperfusion); and late (3, 6 or 10 mg/kg edaravone IV 5 min after the start of reperfusion). Single bolus administration of edaravone 10 min before reperfusion or immediately upon initiation of reperfusion appears to be associated with reductions in infarction size and the percentage of apoptotic cells, but treatment with edaravone 5 min after initiation of reperfusion does not appear to have this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Kasumigaura Hospital, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ikegami E, Fukazawa R, Kanbe M, Watanabe M, Abe M, Watanabe M, Kamisago M, Hajikano M, Katsube Y, Ogawa S. Edaravone, a Potent Free Radical Scavenger, Prevents Anthracycline-Induced Myocardial Cell Death. Circ J 2007; 71:1815-20. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ei Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School
| | | | - Masaru Kanbe
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School
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Nimata M, Okabe TA, Hattori M, Yuan Z, Shioji K, Kishimoto C. MCI-186 (edaravone), a novel free radical scavenger, protects against acute autoimmune myocarditis in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H2514-8. [PMID: 16100244 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00661.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MCI-186 (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one; edaravone), a novel free radical scavenger, protects against acute experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats by the radical scavenging action associated with the suppression of cytotoxic myocardial injury. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in myocarditis. We administered MCI-186 intraperitoneally at 1, 3, and 10 mg·kg−1·day−1 to rats with EAM for 3 wk. The results were compared with untreated rats with EAM. MCI-186 treatment did not affect hemodynamics. MCI-186 treatment (3 and 10 mg·kg−1·day−1) reduced the severity of myocarditis as assessed by comparing the heart-to-body weight ratio and pathological scores. Myocardial interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-positive cells and myocardial oxidative stress overload with DNA damage in rats with EAM given MCI-186 treatment were significantly less compared with those of the untreated rats with EAM. In addition, MCI-186 treatment decreased not only the myocardial protein carbonyl contents but also the myocardial thiobarbituric acid reactive substance products in rats with EAM. The formation of hydroxyl radicals in MCI-186-treated heart homogenates was decreased compared with untreated heart homogenates. Furthermore, cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes of rats with EAM treated with MCI-186 were significantly lower compared with those of the untreated rats with EAM. Hydroxyl radicals may be involved in the development of myocarditis. MCI-186 protects against acute EAM in rats associated with scavenging hydroxyl free radicals, resulting in the suppression of autoimmune-mediated myocardial damage associated with reduced oxidative stress state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaomi Nimata
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., 54 Kawaracho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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