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El Zaher AA, El Kady EF, El Messiry HM, El Ghwas HE, El Houssini OM. Synchronous LC-MS/MS determination of pantoprazole and amitriptyline in rabbit plasma: application to comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic study of novel formulated effervescent granules with its marketed tablet dosage form. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07752. [PMID: 34435144 PMCID: PMC8375633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics properties of pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor)/amitriptyline (tricyclic antidepressant) in novel formulated effervescent granules was estimated in rabbit plasma using a validated, selective and rapid LC-MS/MS method. Separation and detection of pantoprazole, amitriptyline and internal standards namely omeprazole and dothiepin, respectively, were achieved at ambient column temperature on C18. Acetonitrile: 4mM ammonium acetate solution (comprising 0.05 % formic acid) (40:60, v/v) was used as mobile phase and the flow rate of 0.6 mLmin-1 was applied. Liquid-liquid extraction technique with diethyl ether: dichloromethane (70:30, v/v) was used to extract the cited drugs from rabbit plasma. Multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) in the positive ionization mode was carried out for quantification. The method was validated over linear concentration range of 0.01-4μgmL-1 and 0.001-0.1 μgmL-1 for Pan and Ami respectively, with regression coefficient (r2) ≥ 0.9961. The intra- and inter-run precisions (%CV) were ≤4.03. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 95.92%-100.24 %. Pan and Ami were stable during three freeze-thaw cycle and post-preparative stability. The work also aimed to formulate immediate release novel effervescent granules by melt granulation technique. Nine formulae were assessed by validated dissolution test for their micrometric properties and dissolution profile. Experimental design was applied to select formula that fulfilled the desired criteria of optimum release of pantoprazole and amitriptyline with optimum micrometric properties for the study. A single period randomized open-label parallel design was applied on Chancellor's rabbit. The selected formula showed superior pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole and amitriptyline than that of marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A El Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ehab F El Kady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El Messiry
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organizations for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, P.O. Box 12553 Giza, 35521, Egypt
| | - Hind E El Ghwas
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organizations for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, P.O. Box 12553 Giza, 35521, Egypt
| | - Ola M El Houssini
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organizations for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezerat El- Zeraa Street, Agouza, P.O. Box 12553 Giza, 35521, Egypt
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2
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Salamat Q, Yamini Y, Moradi M, Farahani A, Feizi N. Extraction of antidepressant drugs in biological samples using alkanol‐based nano structured supramolecular solvent microextraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1620-1628. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Salamat
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of SciencesTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of SciencesTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Morteza Moradi
- Materials and Energy Research CenterDepartment of Semiconductors Karaj Iran
| | - Abolfazl Farahani
- Department of EnvironmentIranian Mineral Processing Research CenterMinistry of Industry and Mineral Karaj Iran
| | - Neda Feizi
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of SciencesTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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3
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Rezk MR, Basalious EB, Badr KA. Novel determination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS method: Application to a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4347. [PMID: 30047564 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed, optimized and validated for quantification of sofosbuvir (SOF) and velpatasvir (VEL) in human plasma using ledipasvir as an internal standard (IS). Sample preparation was done using acetonitrile for precipitation of plasma proteins. Chromatographic analysis was done on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column using 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The Xevo TQD LC-MS/MS system was run with electrospray ionization mode. The developed method was optimized and then validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linearity was found to be in the range of 0.25-3500 ng/mL for SOF and 1-1000 ng/mL for VEL. A short run time of 1.5 min allows swift analysis of many plasma samples per day. The developed method was successfully utilized for estimating both SOF and VEL in the plasma of healthy human volunteers participated in a bioequivalence study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamal A Badr
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Egypt.,Advanced Research Center, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Caspar AT, Meyer MR, Maurer HH. Blood plasma level determination using an automated LC-MS n screening system and electronically stored calibrations exemplified for 22 drugs and two active metabolites often requested in emergency toxicology. Drug Test Anal 2018; 11:102-111. [PMID: 30011134 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fast and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative methods preferably by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and/or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are needed to support the (differential) diagnosis of acute poisonings in emergency toxicology. One option is a commercially available qualitative screening solution based on LC-MSn (Bruker Daltonik Toxtyper™, TT). Identified and toxicologically relevant compounds should be quantified to assess severity of poisonings. The aim of the present study was to test the TT system for quantification simultaneous with the screening process in blood plasma exemplified for 22 relevant drugs and two active metabolites. A standard liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample work-up followed by 1:5 dilution of the final extracts. They were analyzed using the TT system consisting of a Bruker amaZon speed ion trap and a Thermo Fisher Dionex Ultimate 3000 LC system. Plasma levels were assessed using full-scan data and an electronically stored five-point calibration. The calibration model was linear for the studied ranges and could be used for at least two months. The method was validated according to international guidelines. The acceptance criteria recommended for emergency toxicology for accuracy and precision were fulfilled for all tested compounds, but bromazepam, lorazepam, oxycodone, and prothipendyl could reliably be determined only above the therapeutic range. In conclusion, the presented procedure allowed the combination of a comprehensive LC-MSn screening with fast automated assessment of plasma levels for emergency toxicology of tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim T Caspar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans H Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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5
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Michely JA, Maurer HH. A multi-analyte approach to help in assessing the severity of acute poisonings - Development and validation of a fast LC-MS/MS quantification approach for 45 drugs and their relevant metabolites with one-point calibration. Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:164-176. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Michely
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Saarland University; Homburg Germany
| | - Hans H. Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Saarland University; Homburg Germany
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6
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Grant RP. Design and utility of open-access liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in quantitative clinical toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Antidepressants detection and quantification in whole blood samples by GC–MS/MS, for forensic purposes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Shipkova M, Svinarov D. LC–MS/MS as a tool for TDM services: Where are we? Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1009-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Rezk MR, Bendas ER, Basalious EB, Karim IA. Quantification of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS method: Application to fasting and fed bioequivalence studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:63-70. [PMID: 27322631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed, optimized and validated for quantification of sofosbuvir (SF) and ledipasvir (LD) in human plasma using eplerenone as an internal standard (IS). Analytes and IS were extracted from plasma by simple liquid-liquid extraction technique using methyl tertiary butyl ether. The prepared samples were chromatographed on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column. Separation was done using a mobile phase formed of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.4ml/min. The Xevo TQD LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. A full validation of the method was performed according to the FDA guidelines. Linearity was found to be in the range of 0.25-3500ng/ml for SF and 5-2000ng/ml for LD. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. A short run time of 2min allows analysis of more than 400 plasma samples per day. The developed method was successfully applied to both fasting and fed bioequivalence studies in healthy human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab R Bendas
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Egypt
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A Karim
- Advanced Research Center (ARC), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Rezk MR, Bendas ER, Basalious EB, Karim IA. Development and validation of sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of daclatasvir in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:61-66. [PMID: 27232152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for determination of daclatasvir (DAC) in human plasma using sofosbuvir (SOF) as an internal standard (IS). The Xevo TQD LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. Precipitation with acetonitrile was used in sample preparation. The prepared samples were chromatographed on Acquity UPLC HSS C18 (50×2.1mm, 1.8μm) column by pumping 10mM ammonium formate (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.30ml/min. Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 5-4000ng/ml for DAC. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. A very short run time of 1.2min made it possible to analyze more than 500 human plasma samples per day. The wider range of quantification of DAC allowed the applicability of the developed method for its determination in a bioequivalence study in human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab R Bendas
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Egypt
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A Karim
- Advanced Research Center (ARC), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Waybright VB, Ma SH, Schug KA. Validated multi-drug determination using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the evaluation of a commercial drug disposal product. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1666-74. [PMID: 26969504 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are limited effective means of drug disposal for consumers, and this creates a gateway to illicit use and environmental contamination. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a new drug disposal product, composed from a slurry of activated carbon, which claims to sequester up to 100% of a drug's active ingredient when the loading capacity is not exceeded, making it safe to dispose in landfill. High-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to quantify as many as 24 drugs (opiates, barbiturates, statins, amphetamine, and benzodiazepine drugs) in the residual solvent solution from the product. Calibration curves were established in the concentration ranges of 0.25-7.0 μg/mL and showed good linearity. The limits of detection varied from 0.001 to 0.02 μg/mL, depending on the drug. Accuracy ranged from 80 to 111% for quality control samples, with a few minor exceptions. Precision overall varied between 0.2 to 12.7%. In sample bottles tested, where active ingredient of the loaded drug was below the maximum sorption capacity stated on the label, 98 to >99.9% of the active ingredient was sequestered. Percent active ingredient adsorbed was slightly lower in bottles loaded in excess of label specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica B Waybright
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie H Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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12
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Rezk MR, Basalious EB, Amin ME. Novel and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of sofosbuvir in human plasma: application to a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1354-62. [PMID: 26821881 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for determination of sofosbuvir (SF) using eplerenone as an internal standard. The Xevo TQD LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. Extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether was used in sample preparation. The prepared samples were chromatographed on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column by pumping 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Method validation was performed as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 0.25-3500 ng/mL for SF. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. A very short run time of 1 min made it possible to analyze more than 500 human plasma samples per day. A very low quantification limit of SF allowed the applicability of the developed method for determination of SF in a bioequivalence study in human volunteers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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SONG A. Determination of 13 Organic Toxicants in Human Blood by Liquid–Liquid Extraction Coupling High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:645-52. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiying SONG
- School of Public Security & Technology, Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law
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14
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Simple and Accurate Quantitative Analysis of 16 Antipsychotics and Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Ultrafast High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2015; 37:649-60. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Development of a sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of sofosbuvir and its metabolite, GS-331007, in human plasma: Application to a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:97-104. [PMID: 26037157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir (SF) and its metabolite GS-331007 (GS) using famotidine as an internal standard (IS). The Xevo TQD LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. Extraction with ethyl acetate was used in sample preparation. The prepared samples were chromatographed on Acquity UPLC HSS C₁₈ (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column by pumping 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) in an isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 10-2500 ng/ml for both SF and its metabolite. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. A very short run time of 1.2 min made it possible to analyze more than 300 human plasma samples per day. The developed assay method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study in human volunteers.
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Arora B, Velpandian T, Saxena R, Lalwani S, Dogra TD, Ghose S. Development and validation of an ESI-LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous identification and quantification of 24 analytes of forensic relevance in vitreous humour, whole blood and plasma. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:86-97. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beauty Arora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
- Department of Forensic Science; Institute of Forensic Science; Mumbai Maharashtra 400032 India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Sanjeev Lalwani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - T. D Dogra
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Supriyo Ghose
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi 110029 India
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Agrawal N, Esteve-Romero J, Bose D, Dubey NP, Peris-Vicente J, Carda-Broch S. Determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in plasma and urine by micellar liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 965:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Petrides AK, Moskowitz J, Johnson-Davis KL, Jannetto PJ, Langman LJ, Clarke W, Marzinke MA. The development and validation of a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and hydroxybupropion in serum. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:73-9. [PMID: 25087976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression is a rapidly growing issue in the United States. There are many drug classes that may be used to treat depression, including the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram (Celexa®) and sertraline (Zoloft®), as well as the aminoketone bupropion (Wellbutrin®). However, therapeutic efficacy and treatment success is often variable, requiring changes in dosing regimens or drug selection. Methods for drug quantification can become important tools in the assessment of drug efficacy to optimize treatment regimens. Here, we present a turbulent flow-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (TFC-MS/MS) method for the robust, simultaneous quantification of citalopram, sertraline, bupropion and its active metabolite, hydroxybupropion (OH-bupropion). DESIGN AND METHODS Serum spiked with the aforementioned antidepressants, along with their corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards was subjected to protein precipitation. Samples were injected onto a TFC column for on-line solid phase extraction and a Hypersil Gold C18 column for chromatographic separation. Detection was achieved using a TSQ Vantage mass spectrometer. Assay validation followed FDA bioanalytical guidelines. RESULTS The analytical measuring range for all analytes spanned from 5 to 1000ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay precision across four quality control levels were ≤9.2% and ≤14.8%, respectively. A comparison to other LC-MS/MS methods resulted in a strong correlation with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9929 to 0.9971. Carryover, stability, recovery, matrix effects, extraction and processing efficiency were also deemed acceptable in accordance with FDA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The development and validation of this TFC-MS/MS method allow for the robust and high-throughput quantification of commonly prescribed antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena K Petrides
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Moskowitz
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul J Jannetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Loralie J Langman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Marzinke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Quantification of 33 antidepressants by LC-MS/MS--comparative validation in whole blood, plasma, and serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5939-53. [PMID: 25023973 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) multi-analyte approach based on a simple liquid-liquid extraction was developed for fast target screening and quantification of 33 antidepressants in whole blood, plasma, and serum. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, matrix effects, recovery, process efficiency, accuracy and precision, stabilities, and limits. In addition, cross-calibration between the three biosamples was done to assess the impact of the different matrices on the calibration. Whole blood, plasma, and serum (500 μL each) were extracted twice at pH 7.4 and at pH 10 with ether-ethyl acetate (1:1). Separation, detection, and quantification were performed using LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive mode. For accuracy and precision, full calibration was performed with ranges from subtherapeutic to toxic concentrations. The approach was sensitive and selective for 33 analytes in whole blood and 31 analytes in plasma and serum and accurate and precise for 30 of the 33 tested drugs in whole blood, 31 in plasma, and 28 in serum. Cross-calibration was successful only for 13 analytes in whole blood and 16 analytes in serum calculated over a calibration curve made in plasma, 12 analytes in whole blood and 15 analytes in plasma calculated over a calibration curve made in serum, and 10 analytes in plasma and 15 analytes in serum calculated over a calibration curve made in whole blood.
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Exposure to Mycophenolic Acid Better Predicts Immunosuppressive Efficacy Than Exposure to Calcineurin Inhibitors in Renal Transplant Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:508-15. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Systematic development of an UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:660-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Lee YW. Simultaneous Screening of 177 Drugs of Abuse in Urine Using Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Drug-intoxicated Patients. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 11:158-64. [PMID: 24465253 PMCID: PMC3897765 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2013.11.3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The demand for rapid and broad clinical toxicology screening methods to identify drugs of abuse and medicinal drugs is increasing steadily. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-TMS) is increasingly used to screen for drugs of abuse and to identify a wide range of drugs and metabolites in clinical samples. We revised a high-throughput and rapid ultra-performance (UP) LC-TMS method for simultaneous screening of 177 of the most prevalent medicinal drugs and drugs of abuse in urine and validated the quality of performance using system suitability mixture (SSM) and quality control (QC) materials. Methods We assessed the limits of detection (LOD) using high concentrations of the test substances. The method was applied to 473 urine samples obtained from patients intoxicated with drugs who visited the emergency center. Results The retention time, peak area, and total ion chromatogram of the SSM and QC materials were within the acceptance criteria of the pre-defined acceptance interval. The LODs were <62 ng/ml for 12 commonly encountered drugs. In total, 418 patients (88.4%) tested positive for one or more medicinal drugs or drugs of abuse. Twenty-eight drugs were detected over ten times; the most commonly detected were zolpidem, ephedrine, paracetamol, and chlorpheniramine. Conclusion The UPLC-TMS method provided excellent performance for simultaneous screening of a large number of the drugs of abuse in urine samples. We conclude that this robust technique is useful for screening for a large number of drugs and for rapid screening of the most commonly encountered substances in emergency cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wha Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
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23
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Kostić N, Dotsikas Y, Malenović A, Medenica M. Effects of derivatization reagents consisting of n-alkyl chloroformate/n-alcohol combinations in LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis of zwitterionic antiepileptic drugs. Talanta 2013; 116:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Meyer GMJ, Weber AA, Maurer HH. Development and validation of a fast and simple multi-analyte procedure for quantification of 40 drugs relevant to emergency toxicology using GC-MS and one-point calibration. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:472-81. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golo M. J. Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University; D-66421; Homburg (Saar); Germany
| | - Armin A. Weber
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University; D-66421; Homburg (Saar); Germany
| | - Hans H. Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University; D-66421; Homburg (Saar); Germany
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25
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Kostić N, Dotsikas Y, Malenović A, Jančić Stojanović B, Rakić T, Ivanović D, Medenica M. Stepwise optimization approach for improving LC-MS/MS analysis of zwitterionic antiepileptic drugs with implementation of experimental design. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:875-884. [PMID: 23832944 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a step-by-step optimization procedure for improving analyte response with implementation of experimental design is described. Zwitterionic antiepileptics, namely vigabatrin, pregabalin and gabapentin, were chosen as model compounds to undergo chloroformate-mediated derivatization followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Application of a planned stepwise optimization procedure allowed responses of analytes, expressed as areas and signal-to-noise ratios, to be improved, enabling achievement of lower limit of detection values. Results from the current study demonstrate that optimization of parameters such as scan time, geometry of ion source, sheath and auxiliary gas pressure, capillary temperature, collision pressure and mobile phase composition can have a positive impact on sensitivity of LC-MS/MS methods. Optimization of LC and MS parameters led to a total increment of 53.9%, 83.3% and 95.7% in areas of derivatized vigabatrin, pregabalin and gabapentin, respectively, while for signal-to-noise values, an improvement of 140.0%, 93.6% and 124.0% was achieved, compared to autotune settings. After defining the final optimal conditions, a time-segmented method was validated for the determination of mentioned drugs in plasma. The method proved to be accurate and precise with excellent linearity for the tested concentration range (40.0 ng ml(-1)-10.0 × 10(3) ng ml(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nađa Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Analysis, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
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26
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Amundsen I, Øiestad Å, Ekeberg D, Kristoffersen L. Quantitative determination of fifteen basic pharmaceuticals in ante- and post-mortem whole blood by high pH mobile phase reversed phase ultra high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:112-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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What is the future of (ultra) high performance liquid chromatography coupled to low and high resolution mass spectrometry for toxicological drug screening? J Chromatogr A 2013; 1292:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Ciclosporin Population Pharmacokinetics and Bayesian Estimation in Thoracic Transplant Recipients. Clin Pharmacokinet 2013; 52:277-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-013-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Schaefer N, Peters B, Schmidt P, Ewald AH. Development and validation of two LC-MS/MS methods for the detection and quantification of amphetamines, designer amphetamines, benzoylecgonine, benzodiazepines, opiates, and opioids in urine using turbulent flow chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:247-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Maurer HH. How Can Analytical Diagnostics in Clinical Toxicology Be Successfully Performed Today? Ther Drug Monit 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31826a622d.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Sample preparation has historically been, and continues to be, the most challenging part of the bioanalytical workflow. Several techniques have been developed over the years to deal with the problems of recovery and matrix effects in an effort to increase the reliability and robustness of the bioanalytical method. In recent years certain techniques have come into prominence and gained acceptance in routine sample preparation, and some have shown promise in their use in a discovery environment where speed is critical and method development time is often limited. The aim of this review is to examine several of these techniques and provide examples of their use from the literature, as well as comment on their utility in current workflows.
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Abstract
This article discusses current strategies for efficient analytical diagnostics in clinical toxicology. The tasks for such diagnostics, different analytical strategies and various methods were reviewed. They cover mainly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry procedures for target or comprehensive screening for drugs (of abuse) and poisons, and for quantification in blood. Quality control aspects and strategies for competent interpretation of the analytical result in correlation with the clinical signs presented by the patient are discussed.
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Hammett-Stabler C, Cotten SW. An introduction to drug testing: the expanding role of mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 902:1-13. [PMID: 22767103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-934-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids is the foundation of both therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and toxicology. Though different in their application, each discipline depends upon accurate identification and quantification if the measurements are to be useful. Thousands of methods are described for drug analysis but until recently most have relied upon analytical tools, such as spectrophotometry and immunoassay, that suffer from lack of specificity and sensitivity. The introduction of methods based on mass spectrometry (MS), coupled to gas or liquid chromatography, has revolutionized these areas. The methods are proving to be robust, versatile, and economical. This chapter introduces the reader to the application of MS to TDM and toxicology, the steps that should be considered during implementation, and the processes that should be implemented to assure continued quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hammett-Stabler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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34
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Poklis JL, Wolf CE, Goldstein A, Wolfe ML, Poklis A. Detection and quantification of tricyclic antidepressants and other psychoactive drugs in urine by HPLC/MS/MS for pain management compliance testing. J Clin Lab Anal 2012; 26:286-94. [PMID: 22811363 PMCID: PMC3969737 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive, specific, and rapid high-pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantitation of 11 tricyclic antidepressants and/or their metabolites; fluoxetine and norfluoxetine; cyclobenzaprine; and trazodone in urine. Samples were alkalinized with 0.2 N NaOH and extracted into 2 ml of hexane: ethyl acetate (1:1), evaporated to dryness, and reconstituted with 100 μl of 20 mM ammonium formate: methanol (20:80). The chromatographic separation was performed using an Allure Biphenyl 100 × 3.2 mm, 5-μ column with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM ammonium formate: methanol (20:80 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring via electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear over the investigated concentration range, 25-2,000 ng/ml, for each analyte using 1.0 ml of urine. The lower limit of quantitation for each analyte was 25 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precisions had coefficient of variation less than 15% and the accuracy was within the range from 88% to 109%. The method proved adequate for the tricyclic antidepressants analysis of urine for emergency clinical toxicology and pain management compliance testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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35
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Couchman L. Turbulent flow chromatography in bioanalysis: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:892-905. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Couchman
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry; King's College Hospital; Denmark Hill; London; SE5 9RS
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36
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Peters FT, Remane D. Aspects of matrix effects in applications of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to forensic and clinical toxicology—a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2155-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Van ZEELAND YRA, SCHOEMAKER NJ, HARITOVA A, SMIT JW, Van MAARSEVEEN EM, LUMEIJ JT, FINK-GREMMELS J. Pharmacokinetics of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus): influence of pharmaceutical formulation and length of dosing. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:51-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Quantitative Method Validation for the Analysis of 27 Antidepressants and Metabolites in Plasma With Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2012; 34:11-24. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31823bf0fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Ansermot N, Brawand-Amey M, Eap CB. Simultaneous quantification of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 885-886:117-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Wissenbach DK, Meyer MR, Weber AA, Remane D, Ewald AH, Peters FT, Maurer HH. Towards a universal LC-MS screening procedure - can an LIT LC-MS(n) screening approach and reference library be used on a quadrupole-LIT hybrid instrument? JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:66-71. [PMID: 22282091 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to libraries with highly reproducible gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectra, current liquid chromatography (LC-MS) libraries are limited to specific instrument types. Therefore, the aim of the study was to prove whether a recently developed linear ion trap (LIT) LC-MS(n) screening approach and reference library can be transferred to an LC-MS/MS system with a quadrupole-LIT hybrid mass analyzer using SmileMS, a sophisticated search algorithm. The LIT reference library was built with MS² and MS³ wideband spectra recorded on a ThermoFisher LXQ LIT with electrospray ionization in positive mode and full-scan data-dependent acquisition (DDA). Collision parameter optimizations, including different scan types and energies, were performed on an Applied Biosystems QTRAP 4000 system using electrospray ionization in positive mode and full-scan DDA. Modified library sets were generated to improve the detection of a compound by the used search algorithm. Additionally, 100 authentic human urine samples were screened by both systems for proof of applicability. In the applicability study, 533 compounds were detected by the LXQ and 477 by the QTRAP system using enhanced product ion scan and a modified database. The presented data showed that the LIT screening approach and reference library could be used successfully on a QTRAP instrument with some limitations. These should be overcome by further optimizations regarding DDA settings for better sensitivity and further library modifications to reduce spectra mismatches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk K Wissenbach
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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41
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Garg U, Ferguson A. Challenges in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Classical Tricyclic and Newer Antidepressants. Ther Drug Monit 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385467-4.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Mohamed R, Guy PA. The pivotal role of mass spectrometry in determining the presence of chemical contaminants in food raw materials. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1073-1095. [PMID: 21425183 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, a rising interest from consumers and various governmental organizations towards the quality of food has continuously been observed. Human intervention across the different stages of the food supply chain can lead to the presence of several types of chemical contaminants in food-based products. On a normal daily consumption basis, some of these chemicals are not harmful; however, for those that present a risk to consumers, legislation rules were established to specify tolerance levels or in some cases the total forbiddance of these specific contaminants. Hence, the use of appropriate analytical tools is recommended to properly identify chemical contaminants. In that context, mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques coupled or not to chromatography offer a vast panel of features such as sensitivity, selectivity, quantification at trace levels, and/or structural elucidation. Because of the complexity of food-based matrices, sample preparation is a crucial step before final detection. In the present manuscript, we review the contribution and the potentialities of MS-based techniques to ensure the absence of chemical contaminants in food-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Mohamed
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, P.O. Box 44, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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43
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Niessen WMA. Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive-ion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:626-663. [PMID: 21294151 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, such benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phenothiazines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, local anesthetics, vasodilators, as well as various subclasses of anti-diabetic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antihistaminic drugs. In addition, the scientific literature was searched for available MS-MS data of these compound classes and the interpretation thereof. The results of this elaborate study are presented in this article. For each individual compound class, the emphasis is on class-specific fragmentation, as discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. The recognition of class-specific fragmentation may be quite informative in determining the compound class of a specific unknown, which may further help in the identification. In addition, knowledge on (class-specific) fragmentation may further help in the optimization of the selectivity in targeted analytical approaches of compounds of one particular class.
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44
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Evaluation and single laboratory validation of an on-line turbulent flow extraction tandem mass spectrometry method for melamine in infant formula. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Picard N, Levoir L, Lamoureux F, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Marquet P. Interaction of sirolimus and everolimus with hepatic and intestinal organic anion-transporting polypeptide transporters. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:752-7. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.573882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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Full validation and application of an ultra high performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric procedure for target screening and quantification of 34 antidepressants in human blood plasma as part of a comprehensive multi-analyte approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2093-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Quantification of antidepressants and antipsychotics in human serum by precipitation and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Bio-sample preparation and analytical methods for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:97-118. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended and comprehensive review is presented herein, focusing on sample preparation (pretreatment and extraction) and different analytical methods applied for the quantification of tricyclic antidepressants. These procedures are relevant tools in clinical and forensic toxicology. It is revealed that SPE, for sample preparation, and HPLC, using reversed-phase alkyl (C18) or cyanopropyl-bonded silica columns for the analytes separation, are effective and versatile methods for assay of tricyclic antidepressants. These methods enable achievable detection limits using UV/diode array detection, readily available in most laboratories, down to 1–8 ng ml-1, and using electron capture detection better than 1 ng ml-1, which is lower than that for nitrogen–phosphorus detector. MS interfaced with electrospray ionization offered similar sensitivity, whilst sonic spray ionization provided detection down to 0.03 ng ml-1. A brief discussion on chemical structures, metabolism and mechanism of action of this group of drugs is also presented.
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49
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Vogeser M, Kirchhoff F. Progress in automation of LC-MS in laboratory medicine. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Kole PL, Venkatesh G, Kotecha J, Sheshala R. Recent advances in sample preparation techniques for effective bioanalytical methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:199-217. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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