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Chen Q, Guo P, Hong Y, Mo P, Yu C. The multifaceted therapeutic value of targeting steroid receptor coactivator-1 in tumorigenesis. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38553750 PMCID: PMC10979636 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1, also known as NCOA1) frequently functions as a transcriptional coactivator by directly binding to transcription factors and recruiting to the target gene promoters to promote gene transcription by increasing chromatin accessibility and promoting the formation of transcriptional complexes. In recent decades, various biological and pathological functions of SRC-1 have been reported, especially in the context of tumorigenesis. SRC-1 is a facilitator of the progression of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, neurological cancer, and female genital system cancer. The emerging multiorgan oncogenic role of SRC-1 is still being studied and may not be limited to only steroid hormone-producing tissues. Growing evidence suggests that SRC-1 promotes target gene expression by directly binding to transcription factors, which may constitute a novel coactivation pattern independent of AR or ER. In addition, the antitumour effect of pharmacological inhibition of SRC-1 with agents including various small molecules or naturally active compounds has been reported, but their practical application in clinical cancer therapy is very limited. For this review, we gathered typical evidence on the oncogenic role of SRC-1, highlighted its major collaborators and regulatory genes, and mapped the potential mechanisms by which SRC-1 promotes primary tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Yilin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China.
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Aparna RR, Rajarajeswari D, Prasad M, Krishna TS, Ramalingam K, Viswakumar R, Fathima N, Khan AA. Correlation Between Estrogen Receptor α Gene Polymorphism (c454-397T>C) with Serum Estradiol Levels and Known Risk Factors in Patients with Myocardial Infarction. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:495-504. [PMID: 37746539 PMCID: PMC10516843 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the most common cause of cardiac failure and continuous increasing rate of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate the association of estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) gene polymorphism c454-397T>C with serum estradiol levels and dyslipidemia in 220 patients with MI in the age range of 35-70 years of both the genders. Genotyping study was performed through PCR-RFLP method using PvuII restriction enzyme. Serum estradiol level was estimated using the Access Sensitive Estradiol assay kit. Men patients had 43.2% increased risk for TC heterozygote in co-dominant (OR 10.66) and over-dominant models (OR 8.30), while women patients had 50% increased risk in co-dominant (OR 16.57) and over-dominant (OR 14.04) models. Variant C allele showed 25% increased risk of MI for in men (OR 2.24; CI 1.49-3.36; p = 0.0001), and 24% increased risk in women (OR 3.35; CI 1.95-5.76; p = 0.0001). Men patients had significantly increased serum estradiol levels compared to controls (25.28 ± 5.80 vs 17.04 ± 2.01; p < 0.0001). Significant difference was observed in estradiol levels between men and women patients (25.28 ± 5.80 vs 17.56 ± 3.32; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, significantly increased estradiol level was found in men patients compared to women for TT (25.46 ± 5.91 vs 16.71 ± 4.46; p < 0.0001), and TC genotypes (25.47 ± 5.91 vs 17.70 ± 2.86; p < 0.0001). Significantly increased HDL levels were observed in men patients with TC (43.10 ± 8.18 vs 38.91 ± 7.84; p < 0.01) and CC (47.16 ± 8.09 vs 38.91 ± 7.84; p < 0.001) genotypes compared to TT genotype. These findings suggest that TC heterozygote plays an important role as a genetic risk factor during MI pathogenesis in the South Indian population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01104-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Aparna
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh 524003 India
| | - D. Rajarajeswari
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh 524003 India
| | - M. Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh 524003 India
| | - T. Sharmila Krishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh 524003 India
| | - K. Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh 524003 India
| | - R. Viswakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh 524003 India
| | - Nusrath Fathima
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana 500058 India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana 500058 India
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Vaura F, Palmu J, Aittokallio J, Kauko A, Niiranen T. Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits. Circ Res 2022; 130:611-631. [PMID: 35175841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known sex dimorphism in cardiovascular disease traits, the exact genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of these differences are not well understood. A growing body of evidence currently points at the links between cardiovascular disease traits and the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome. However, the sex-specific differences in these links remain largely unstudied due to challenges in bioinformatic methods, inadequate statistical power, analytic costs, and paucity of valid experimental models. This review article provides an overview of the literature on sex differences in genetic architecture, heritability, epigenetic changes, transcriptomic signatures, and metabolomic profiles in relation to cardiovascular disease traits. We also review the literature on the associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease traits and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, focusing on human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaura
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Aittokallio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (J.A.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine (J.A.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anni Kauko
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine (T.N.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T.N.)
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4
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Pretscher J, Ruebner M, Ekici AB, Rödl M, Huebner H, Schwitulla J, Titzmann A, Hartwig C, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Schneider MO, Schwenke E. Genetic variations in estrogen and progesterone pathway genes in preeclampsia patients and controls in Bavaria. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:897-904. [PMID: 33000295 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertensive pregnancy disorders and preeclampsia are major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many different organs are involved in the diseases' clinical phenotype. The underlying mechanism is still unknown, with a possible genetic component. This case-control study investigated effects on the risk of preeclampsia of genetic variations (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) in the estrogen and progesterone pathway genes. METHODS The study included 167 patients with preeclampsia and 115 healthy controls from the "Franconian Maternal Health Evaluation Studies" (FRAMES). All patients completed an epidemiological questionnaire, data from which were correlated with prospective data on pregnancy and labor. DNA was isolated from blood samples and genotyping was done by PCR. Variants in the aromatase gene CYP19A1 (rs10046, rs4646), progesterone receptor gene (rs1042838, rs10895068), and estrogen receptor-α gene (rs488133) were examined, and the genotype distribution in the two groups was analyzed statistically. RESULTS A significant difference in the distribution frequency of genotypes between preeclampsia patients and controls was identified in one of the five SNPs. For rs10895068 in the progesterone receptor gene, genotype G/A was significantly more frequent among cases than controls (P = 0.023). No significant differences between the two cohorts were found in the other SNPs. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant association between only one SNP in the progesterone receptor and preeclampsia. Other studies have also noted genetic aspects of preeclampsia. The underlying mechanism and causal relationship are not yet known, and further research is needed to explain the extent of genetic variations and the causal relationship in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Pretscher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Rödl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Schwitulla
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adriana Titzmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hartwig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael O Schneider
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Schwenke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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Guclu-Geyik F, Coban N, Can G, Erginel-Unaltuna N. The rs2175898 Polymorphism in the ESR1 Gene has a Significant Sex-Specific Effect on Obesity. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:935-952. [PMID: 32651892 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene have been associated with obesity and lipid metabolism. There are also important sex-related differences in the prevalence of obesity and related phenotypes. Therefore, we aimed to interrogate the association of the ESR1 rs2175898 gene polymorphism with obesity, obesity-related variables, and lipid levels in men and women as separate groups. Two thousand twenty-two randomly selected middle-aged and elderly Turks were genotyped for ESR1 rs2175898 polymorphism using real-time polymerase chain reaction with hybridization probes. We found sex-related differences of the ESR1 rs2175898 polymorphism in obesity. Logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and the presence of menopause status in women demonstrated significantly decreased risk for obesity in female AG genotype carriers (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.91; p = 0.010), and in male GG genotype carriers (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.25-0.96; p = 0.039), Furthermore, carriers of the rs2175898 G allele exhibited a lower body mass index in both sexes and decreased waist circumference in women but not in men. Our findings also showed significantly higher serum total-C levels (p = 0.007) in the carriers of the AG+GG/AG genotype compared with the AA genotype in men. The AG genotype of the ESR1 rs2175898 polymorphism in women and GG genotype in men were found to have a decreased likelihood for obesity compared with the other rs2175898 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Guclu-Geyik
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba Cad. 34080 Sehremini, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Neslihan Coban
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba Cad. 34080 Sehremini, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunay Can
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Erginel-Unaltuna
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba Cad. 34080 Sehremini, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sabbatini AR, Kararigas G. Estrogen-related mechanisms in sex differences of hypertension and target organ damage. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:31. [PMID: 32487164 PMCID: PMC7268741 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events, target organ damage (TOD), premature death and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of HTN is complex and influenced by many factors including biological sex. Studies show that the prevalence of HTN is higher among adults aged 60 and over, highlighting the increase of HTN after menopause in women. Estrogen (E2) plays an important role in the development of systemic HTN and TOD, exerting several modulatory effects. The influence of E2 leads to alterations in mechanisms regulating the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, body mass, oxidative stress, endothelial function and salt sensitivity; all associated with a crucial inflammatory state and influenced by genetic factors, ultimately resulting in cardiac, vascular and renal damage in HTN. In the present article, we discuss the role of E2 in mechanisms accounting for the development of HTN and TOD in a sex-specific manner. The identification of targets with therapeutic potential would contribute to the development of more efficient treatments according to individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Monocytes affect bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women through ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis by integrative bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17290. [PMID: 31754224 PMCID: PMC6872746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone disease among pre- and postmenopausal women. As the precursors of osteoclast cells, circulating monocytes play important role in bone destruction and remodeling. The aim of study is to identify potential key genes and pathways correlated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Then we construct novel estimation model closely linked to the bone mineral density (BMD) with key genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted by collecting gene data set with 80 samples from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Besides, hub genes were identified by series of bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms containing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, receiver operating characteristic curve and Pearson correlation. The direction of correlation coefficient were performed to screen for gene signatures with high BMD and low BMD. A novel BMD score system was put forward based on gene set variation analysis and logistic regression, which was validated by independent data sets. We identified six modules correlated with BMD. Finally 100 genes were identified as the high bone mineral density signatures while 130 genes were identified as low BMD signatures. Besides, we identified the significant pathway in monocytes: ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis. What's more, our score validated it successfully.
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Fardoun M, Dehaini H, Shaito A, Mesmar J, El-Yazbi A, Badran A, Beydoun E, Eid AH. The hypertensive potential of estrogen: An untold story. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 124:106600. [PMID: 31629918 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The implication of estrogen in this disease has been extensively studied. While the vast majority of published research argue for a cardioprotective role of estrogen in vascular inflammation such as in atherosclerosis, the role of estrogen in hypertension remains far from being resolved. The vasorelaxant effect of estrogen has already been well-established. However, emerging evidence supports a vasoconstrictive potential of this hormone. It has been proposed that the microenvironment dictates the effect of estrogen-induced type 1 nitric oxide synthase-1 (nNOS) on vasotone. Indeed, depending on nNOS product, nitric oxide or superoxide, estrogen can induce vasodilation or vasoconstriction, respectively. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the vasorelaxant effects of estrogen, and the molecular players involved. Furthermore, we shed light on recent reports revealing a vasoconstrictive role of estrogen, and speculate on the underlying signaling pathways. In addition, we identify certain factors that can account for the discrepant estrogenic effects. This review emphasizes a yin-yang role of estrogen in regulating blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Fardoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Dehaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdallah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, 1105 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Elias Beydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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9
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Gibb FW, Dixon JM, Clarke C, Homer NZ, Faqehi AMM, Andrew R, Walker BR. Higher Insulin Resistance and Adiposity in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer Treated With Aromatase Inhibitors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3670-3678. [PMID: 30920624 PMCID: PMC6642666 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aromatase deficiency causes obesity and insulin resistance in aromatase knockout mice and humans with rare mutations of the aromatase gene (CYP19). Aromatase inhibitors are a commonly prescribed therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that aromatase inhibitors induce obesity and insulin resistance when used in treatment of breast cancer. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients with postmenopausal breast cancer (n = 20) treated with aromatase inhibitors and 20 age-matched control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was insulin sensitivity index - Matsuda, derived from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and biopsy specimens of subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained for assessment of mRNA transcript levels. Data are reported as mean ± SEM (patients receiving inhibitors vs control group, respectively). RESULTS Aromatase inhibitor therapy was associated with significantly lower insulin sensitivity (5.15 ± 0.45 vs 6.80 ± 0.64; P = 0.041), higher peak insulin concentration after oral glucose tolerance test (693.4 ± 78.6 vs 527.6 ± 85.5 pmol/L; P = 0.035), greater percentage of body fat (38.4% ± 1.0% vs 34.6% ± 1.3%; P = 0.026), and higher plasma leptin concentration (23.5 ± 2.8 vs 15.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL; P = 0.035). CONCLUSION Women who received aromatase inhibitors for postmenopausal breast cancer had greater percentage body fat and insulin resistance compared with control subjects with no history of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser W Gibb
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Fraser W. Gibb PhD, FRCP, Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 6AG, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - J Michael Dixon
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona Clarke
- Clinical Biochemistry, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Z Homer
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah M M Faqehi
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Andrew
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Manosroi W, Williams GH. Genetics of Human Primary Hypertension: Focus on Hormonal Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:825-856. [PMID: 30590482 PMCID: PMC6936319 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign-an elevated blood pressure. To determine these causes, genetic tools are increasingly employed. This review identified 62 proposed genes. However, only 21 of them met our inclusion criteria: (i) primary hypertension, (ii) two or more supporting cohorts from different publications or within a single publication or one supporting cohort with a confirmatory genetically modified animal study, and (iii) 600 or more subjects in the primary cohort; when including our exclusion criteria: (i) meta-analyses or reviews, (ii) secondary and monogenic hypertension, (iii) only hypertensive complications, (iv) genes related to blood pressure but not hypertension per se, (v) nonsupporting studies more common than supporting ones, and (vi) studies that did not perform a Bonferroni or similar multiassessment correction. These 21 genes were organized in a four-tiered structure: distant phenotype (hypertension); intermediate phenotype [salt-sensitive (18) or salt-resistant (0)]; subintermediate phenotypes under salt-sensitive hypertension [normal renin (4), low renin (8), and unclassified renin (6)]; and proximate phenotypes (specific genetically driven hypertensive subgroup). Many proximate hypertensive phenotypes had a substantial endocrine component. In conclusion, primary hypertension is a syndrome; many proposed genes are likely to be false positives; and deep phenotyping will be required to determine the utility of genetics in the treatment of hypertension. However, to date, the positive genes are associated with nearly 50% of primary hypertensives, suggesting that in the near term precise, mechanistically driven treatment and prevention strategies for the specific primary hypertension subgroups are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cristina Dos Santos Lopes A, Perucci LO, Gontijo Evangelista FC, Godoi LC, de Paula Sabino A, Gomes KB, Talvani A, Dusse LMS, Alpoim PN. Association among ACE, ESR1 polymorphisms and preeclampsia in Brazilian pregnant women. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 45:43-47. [PMID: 31028794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic, immune and environmental factors are involved in preeclampsia (PE) etiopathogenesis. Considering that hypertension and poor placental perfusion are important features in PE, polymorphisms in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and estrogen nuclear receptor 1 (ESR1) genes could be involved in the predisposition and/or development of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate if polymorphisms in ACE and ESR1 genes were associated with PE occurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case-control study included 209 Brazilian pregnant women (107 with severe PE and 102 normotensive controls). The polymorphisms were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS No significant difference between PE versus normotensive pregnant women, as well as early versus late PE, was observed when compared the allelic and genotypic frequencies of insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs - rs2234693 and rs9340799) of the ESR1 gene. CONCLUSION This pioneer study involving Brazilian women showed no association among the studied polymorphisms and PE, which suggests that ins/del ACE and SNPs ESR1 do not contribute to this disease occurrence in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Dos Santos Lopes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Carvalho Godoi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Department of Biological Sciences - Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Luci Maria S Dusse
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Nessralla Alpoim
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Messerlian C, Basso O. Cohort studies in the context of obstetric and gynecologic research: a methodologic overview. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 97:371-379. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston MA USA
| | - Olga Basso
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Royal Victoria Hospital; Research Institute of McGill University Health Center; Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health; McGill University; Montreal Canada
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13
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Meng Y, Adi D, Wu Y, Wang Y, Abudoukelimu M, Huang D, Ma X, Liu C, Wang T, Liu F, Chen B, Gai M, Chen X, Fu Z, Ma Y. CYP19A1 polymorphisms associated with coronary artery disease and circulating sex hormone levels in a Chinese population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97101-97113. [PMID: 29228596 PMCID: PMC5722548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association of CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms with CAD in Han and Uygur populations and to characterize the association between the levels of sex hormones and aromatase with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP19A1 genes in Chinese women. Results There were significant differences in the genotype distributions of rs2236722 and rs4646 between CAD patients and control subjects in the Uygur population. The rs4646 was found to be associated with CAD in the dominant model (CC vs. CA + AA) and the additive model (CA vs. CC + AA) (both P ≤ 0.001). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR = 0.483, 95% CI: 0.338–0.690, P = 0.000; and OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.300–2.617, P = 0.001, respectively). In normal Uygur postmenopausal women, there were significant differences in the genotype distributions of rs4646 and the circulating hormone and aromatase levels between CAD patients and control subjects. The differences in estradiol and aromatase levels remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (OR = 0.889, 95% CI: 0.817–0.969, P = 0.007; and OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.936–0.957, P = 0.000, respectively). Additionally, there were differences in sex hormone levels between the different ethnicities among the Xinjiang Chinese population. Materials and Methods Among a total of 1,064 Han individuals (614 men and 450 women) and 790 Uygur individuals (484 men and 306 women), 498 postmenopausal women (265 Han and 233 Uygur individuals) were selected. Four SNPs (rs2236722, rs2304463, rs4646, and rs4275794) were genotyped using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. The estradiol and testosterone levels were determined using a radioimmunoassay based on GC-2016γ. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the serum P450 aromatase levels. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the rs2236722 and rs4646 of the CYP19A1 gene are associated with CAD and circulating sex hormone levels in the Xinjiang population of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Meng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Dilare Adi
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Mayila Abudoukelimu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ding Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Bangdang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Mintao Gai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, P.R. China
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Manosroi W, Tan JW, Rariy CM, Sun B, Goodarzi MO, Saxena AR, Williams JS, Pojoga LH, Lasky-Su J, Cui J, Guo X, Taylor KD, Chen YDI, Xiang AH, Hsueh WA, Raffel LJ, Buchanan TA, Rotter JI, Williams GH, Seely EW. The Association of Estrogen Receptor-β Gene Variation With Salt-Sensitive Blood Pressure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4124-4135. [PMID: 28938457 PMCID: PMC5673274 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypertension in young women is uncommon compared with young men and older women. Estrogen appears to protect most women against hypertension, with incidence increasing after menopause. Because some premenopausal women develop hypertension, estrogen may play a different role in these women. Genetic variations in the estrogen receptor (ER) are associated with cardiovascular disease. ER-β, encoded by ESR2, is the ER predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle. OBJECTIVE To determine an association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR2 with salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) and estrogen status in women. METHODS Candidate gene association study with ESR2 and SSBP conducted in normotensive and hypertensive women and men in two cohorts: International Hypertensive Pathotype (HyperPATH) (n = 584) (discovery) and Mexican American Hypertension-Insulin Resistance Study (n = 662) (validation). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR1 (ER-α) were also analyzed. Analysis conducted in younger (<51 years, premenopausal, "estrogen-replete") and older women (≥51 years, postmenopausal, "estrogen-deplete"). Men were analyzed to control for aging. RESULTS Multivariate analyses of HyperPATH data between variants of ESR2 and SSBP documented that ESR2 rs10144225 minor (risk) allele carriers had a significantly positive association with SSBP driven by estrogen-replete women (β = +4.4 mm Hg per risk allele, P = 0.004). Findings were confirmed in Hypertension Insulin-Resistance Study premenopausal women. HyperPATH cohort analyses revealed risk allele carriers vs noncarriers had increased aldosterone/renin ratios. No associations were detected with ESR1. CONCLUSIONS The variation at rs10144225 in ESR2 was associated with SSBP in premenopausal women (estrogen-replete) and not in men or postmenopausal women (estrogen-deplete). Inappropriate aldosterone levels on a liberal salt diet may mediate the SSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jia Wei Tan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chevon M. Rariy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bei Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Aditi R. Saxena
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jonathan S. Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Luminita H. Pojoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Anny H. Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101
| | - Willa A. Hsueh
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Leslie J. Raffel
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California 92868
| | - Thomas A. Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Gordon H. Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ellen W. Seely
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Identification of susceptible genes for complex chronic diseases based on disease risk functional SNPs and interaction networks. J Biomed Inform 2017; 74:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Association of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms on estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene to changes into serum lipid profile of post-menopausal women: Effects of aging, body mass index and breast cancer incidence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169266. [PMID: 28199328 PMCID: PMC5310899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a steroidal hormone involved in several physiological functions in the female body including regulation of serum lipid metabolism and breast cancer (BC). Estrogen actions on serum lipids mostly occur through its binding to intracellular Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERalpha) isoform, expressed in most of tissues. This gene (ESR1) exhibit many polymorphic sites (SNPs) located either on translated and non-translated regions that regulate ERalpha protein expression and function. This paper aimed to investigate the association of two intronic SNPs of ESR1 gene, namely c454-397T>C (PvuII) and c454-351A>G (XbaI) to alterations in serum levels of total cholesterol (T-chol), total lipid (TL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) in a cohort of post-menopausal women. In addition, we aimed to associate presence of these SNPs to development of BC along 5 years period. To do so, a group of healthy 499, highly miscigenated, post-menopausal Brazilian women, were carried using PCR-FRLP technique and further confirmed by automatic sequence analysis as well followed through 5 years for BC incidence. Measurements of serum lipid profile by standard commercial methods were carried individually whereas Dual Energy X-ray Absorciometry (DXA) measured Body Mass Indexes (BMI), Fat Mass (FM), Lean Body Mass (LBM), and Body Water Content (BWC). No effects of PvuII SNP on ESR1 gene were observed on patient´s serum T-chol, TL, LDL, HDL, and TG. However, c454-397T>C PvuII SNP is associated to lower body fat and higher levels of lean mass and body water and lower incidence of BC. On the other hand, statistically significant effect of XbaI c454-351A>G SNP on serum TG and TL levels. Patients homozygous for X allele were followed up from 2010–2015. They showed higher incidence of breast cancer (BC) when compared to either heterozygous and any P allele combination. Moreover, the increasing of TG and TL serum concentrations associated to SNP XbaI c454-351A>G on ESR1 gene is enhanced in both obese (higher BMI) and elder women. Taken together, these results suggested that XbaI c454-351A>G SNP is associated to changes in lipid profile, particularly in serum TG and TL, in this cohort of post-menopausal woman. Also, this paper shows another link between obesity and BC corroborating the current thesis that both diseases are interlinked.
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17
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Hinton AO, Yang Y, Quick AP, Xu P, Reddy CL, Yan X, Reynolds CL, Tong Q, Zhu L, Xu J, Wehrens XHT, Xu Y, Reddy AK. SRC-1 Regulates Blood Pressure and Aortic Stiffness in Female Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168644. [PMID: 28006821 PMCID: PMC5179266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Framingham Heart Study suggests that dysfunction of steroid receptor coactivator-1 may be involved in the development of hypertension. However, there is no functional evidence linking steroid receptor coactivator-1 to the regulation of blood pressure. We used immunohistochemistry to map the expression of steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein in mouse brain, especially in regions implicated in the regulation of blood pressure. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein was found in central amygdala, medial amygdala, supraoptic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, ventromedial, dorsomedial, paraventricular hypothalamus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. To determine the effects of steroid receptor coactivator-1 protein on cardiovascular system we measured blood pressures, blood flow velocities, echocardiographic parameters, and aortic input impedance in female steroid receptor coactivator-1 knockout mice and their wild type littermates. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 knockout mice had higher blood pressures and increased aortic stiffness when compared to female wild type littermates. Additionally, the hearts of steroid receptor coactivator-1 knockout mice seem to consume higher energy as evidenced by increased impedance and higher heart rate pressure product when compared to female wild type littermates. Our results demonstrate that steroid receptor coactivator-1 may be functionally involved in the regulation of blood pressure and aortic stiffness through the regulation of sympathetic activation in various neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor Othrell Hinton
- Pediatrics-Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Pediatrics-Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ann P. Quick
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Pediatrics-Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chitra L. Reddy
- Debakey High School for Health Professions, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Yan
- Pediatrics-Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Corey L. Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Advanced Technology/Core Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liangru Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xander H. T. Wehrens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yong Xu
- Pediatrics-Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AKR); (YX)
| | - Anilkumar K. Reddy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department Medicine and DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Indus Instruments, Webster, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AKR); (YX)
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18
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REBAÏ MAHA, REBAÏ∗ AHMED. In silico characterization of functional SNP within the oestrogen receptor gene. J Genet 2016; 95:865-874. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Coban N, Onat A, Guclu-Geyik F, Can G, Erginel-Unaltuna N. Sex- and Obesity-specific Association of Aromatase (CYP19A1) Gene Variant with Apolipoprotein B and Hypertension. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:564-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Motawi TMK, El-Rehany MA, Rizk SM, Ramzy MM, El-Roby DM. Genetic polymorphism of estrogen receptor alpha gene in Egyptian women with type II diabetes mellitus. Meta Gene 2015; 6:36-41. [PMID: 26401488 PMCID: PMC4561236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen might play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. A number of polymorphisms have been reported in the estrogen receptor alpha gene including the XbaI and PvuII restriction enzyme polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to determine if ESRα gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and correlated with lipid profile. Ninety diabetic Egyptian patients were compared with forty healthy controls. ESRα genotyping of PvuII and XbaI was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Our study showed that there is more significant difference in the frequency of C and G polymorphic allele between patients and control groups in PvuII and XbaI respectively. Also carriers of minor C and G alleles of PvuII and XbaI gene polymorphisms were associated with increased fasting blood glucose and disturbance in lipid profile as there is an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides and Low density lipoprotein. So findings of present study suggest the possibility that PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in ERα are related to T2DM and with increased serum lipids among Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M K Motawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Sherine M Rizk
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Maggie M Ramzy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Doaa M El-Roby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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22
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Ding J, Xu H, Yin X, Zhang FR, Pan XP, Gu YA, Chen JZ, Guo XG. Estrogen receptor α gene PvuII polymorphism and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of 21 studies. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:243-55. [PMID: 24599688 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between the estrogen receptor α gene (ESR1) PvuII polymorphism (c.454-397T>C) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship. Data were collected from 21 studies encompassing 9926 CAD patients and 16710 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the relationship between PvuII polymorphism and CAD. The polymorphism in control populations in all studies followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We found a significant association between ESR1 PvuII polymorphism and CAD risk in all subjects. When the data were stratified by region, a significant association between ESR1 PvuII polymorphism and CAD risk was observed in Asian populations but not in Western populations. The current study suggests that ESR1 PvuII polymorphism has an important role in CAD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Xiuzhou District, Gaozhao Street Community Health Service Center, Jiaxing 314031, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Lahm T, Tuder RM, Petrache I. Progress in solving the sex hormone paradox in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L7-26. [PMID: 24816487 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00337.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Even though being female represents one of the most powerful risk factors for PAH, multiple questions about the underlying mechanisms remain, and two "estrogen paradoxes" in PAH exist. First, it is puzzling why estrogens have been found to be protective in various animal models of PAH, whereas PAH registries uniformly demonstrate a female susceptibility to the disease. Second, despite the pronounced tendency for the disease to develop in women, female PAH patients exhibit better survival than men. Recent mechanistic studies in classical and in novel animal models of PAH, as well as recent studies in PAH patients, have significantly advanced the field. In particular, it is now accepted that estrogen metabolism and receptor signaling, as well as estrogen interactions with key pathways in PAH development, appear to be potent disease modifiers. A better understanding of these interactions may lead to novel PAH therapies. It is the purpose of this review to 1) review sex hormone synthesis, metabolism, and receptor physiology; 2) assess the context in which sex hormones affect PAH pathogenesis; 3) provide a potential explanation for the observed estrogen paradoxes and gender differences in PAH; and 4) identify knowledge gaps and future research opportunities. Because the majority of published studies investigated 17β-estradiol and/or its metabolites, this review will primarily focus on pulmonary vascular and right ventricular effects of estrogens. Data for other sex hormones will be discussed very briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, and Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, and Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
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Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha gene with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis: a case-control study in a Chinese Han population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:151457. [PMID: 24772413 PMCID: PMC3977114 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and its multifactorial nature has been increasingly recognized. Genetic factors play an important role in OA etiology and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene polymorphisms may be involved. This study tried to explore whether the ESR1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with primary knee OA in the Chinese Han population. Two SNPs, rs2234693 and rs9340799, were genotyped in 469 cases and 522 controls. Rs2234693 was associated with knee OA in the dominant genetic model (TT + TC versus CC) (P = 0.025) and a higher T allele frequency existed (P = 0.047) among females. The combined genotype (TT + TC) (P = 0.025) and T allele (P = 0.016) were related with mild knee OA only. For rs9340799, A allele was associated with knee OA in all subjects (P = 0.031) and females (P = 0.046). Statistical differences were detected in the dominant genetic model (AA + AG versus GG) among females (P = 0.030). The combined genotype (AA + AG) (P = 0.036) and A allele (P = 0.039) were merely correlated with mild knee OA. ESR1 gene is considerably associated with knee OA etiology in the Chinese Han population.
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Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the gene polymorphisms underlying the functions of ovarian receptors and their clinical implications in the female fecundity. A selection of genetic studies revealing significant associations between receptor polymorphisms, gene mutations, and some pathological conditions (i.e., female infertility, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Universtita 4, Modena, 41121, Italy
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Hoteit M, Arabi A, Habib R, Mahfouz R, Baddoura R, Halaby G, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Estrogen receptor α is not a candidate gene for metabolic syndrome in Caucasian elderly subjects. Metabolism 2014; 63:50-60. [PMID: 24140101 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variants of estrogen receptor α (ERα) have been associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and blood pressure. The Middle East registers some of the highest rate of metabolic syndrome worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome, a clustered combination of these metabolic factors, and polymorphisms PvuII and XbaI of ERα in Lebanese Caucasian elderly overweight subjects. MATERIAL/METHODS 250 Caucasian Lebanese unrelated elderly men and women, median age 71 years, were studied. ERα intronic polymorphisms variants, PvuII and XbaI diplotypes and genotypes, were examined. Associations with metabolic syndrome, defined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), and its components, namely high density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting glucose levels, blood pressure, and waist circumference were evaluated in regression models. RESULTS ER α diplotypes and genotypes distributions were similar between participants with and without metabolic syndrome, in the overall group of subjects, and by gender. No consistent associations between the diplotypes and genotypes tested and metabolic syndrome, or its components, could be detected. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in ERα were not associated with metabolic syndrome or its components, in a group of 250 Lebanese Caucasian elderly participants, a group with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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de Las Fuentes L, Sung YJ, Schwander KL, Kalathiveetil S, Hunt SC, Arnett DK, Rao DC. The role of SNP-loop diuretic interactions in hypertension across ethnic groups in HyperGEN. Front Genet 2013; 4:304. [PMID: 24400021 PMCID: PMC3872290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is significantly influenced by genetic factors; however, less than 3% of the BP variance has been accounted for by variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of primarily European-descent cohorts. Other genetic influences, including gene-environment (GxE) interactions, may explain more of the unexplained variance in BP. African Americans (AA) have a higher prevalence and earlier age of onset of hypertension (HTN) as compared with European Americans (EA); responses to anti-hypertensive drugs vary across race groups. To examine potential interactions between the use of loop diuretics and HTN traits, we analyzed systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood BP from 1222 AA and 1231 EA participants in the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN). Population-specific score tests were used to test associations of SBP and DBP, using a panel of genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for AA (2.9 million SNPs) and EA (2.3 million SNPs). Several promising loci were identified through gene-loop diuretic interactions, although no SNP reached genome-wide significance after adjustment for genomic inflation. In AA, SNPs in or near the genes NUDT12, CHL1, GRIA1, CACNB2, and PYHIN1 were identified for SBP, and SNPs near ID3 were identified for DBP. For EA, promising SNPs for SBP were identified in ESR1 and for DBP in SPATS2L and EYA2. Among these SNPs, none were common across phenotypes or population groups. Biologic plausibility exists for many of the identified genes, suggesting that these are candidate genes for regulation of BP and/or anti-hypertensive drug response. The lack of genome-wide significance is understandable in this small study employing gene-drug interactions. These findings provide a set of prioritized SNPs/candidate genes for future studies in HTN. Studies in more diversified population samples may help identify previously missed variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA ; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen L Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonia Kalathiveetil
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
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Ghattas MH, Mehanna ET, Mesbah NM, Abo-Elmatty DM. Association of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Egyptian women. Metabolism 2013; 62:1437-42. [PMID: 23809427 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for coronary heart diseases as well as diabetes, fatty liver and several cancers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women appears to be increasing, particularly in women of childbearing age. In the present study, we assessed the association of estrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphisms (XbaI and PvuII) with metabolic syndrome and its related phenotypes. MATERIALS/METHODS One hundred and fifty Egyptian female patients with metabolic syndrome (mean age 35.52±6.86) were compared with one hundred and fifty age matched healthy Egyptian women (controls). The component traits of metabolic syndrome were determined, and the XbaI and PvuII genotypes were assessed with the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Our data indicated a significant difference in the allele frequencies of XbaI, but not PvuII, between the metabolic syndrome and control groups (P=0.0003 and P=0.164). Carriers of the minor alleles of XbaI and PvuII gene polymorphisms, in either the homozygous or heterozygous form, were associated with high diastolic blood pressure, high total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, increased HOMA-IR values and decreased QUICKI values compared to carriers of the major allele. However, only the minor G allele of XbaI was associated with measures of adiposity, specifically, BMI and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS The XbaI polymorphism of the estrogen receptor alpha gene is associated with metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, PvuII gene polymorphism is not associated with the occurrence of the disease in this sample of Egyptian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maivel H Ghattas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
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Hoffman MJ, Flister MJ, Nunez L, Xiao B, Greene AS, Jacob HJ, Moreno C. Female-specific hypertension loci on rat chromosome 13. Hypertension 2013; 62:557-63. [PMID: 23817491 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 3.7-Mb region of rat chromosome 13 (45.2-49.0 Mb) affects blood pressure (BP) in females only, indicating the presence of sex-specific BP loci in close proximity to the Renin locus. In the present study, we used a series of Dahl salt-sensitive/Mcwi-13 Brown Norway congenic rat strains to further resolve BP loci within this region. We identified 3 BP loci affecting female rats only, of which the 2 smaller loci (line9BP3 and line9BP4) were functionally characterized by sequence and expression analysis. Compared with SS (SS/HsdMcwiCrl), the presence of a 591-kb region of BN (BN/NHsdMcwi) chromosome 13 (line9BP3) significantly lowered BP by 21 mm Hg on an 8% NaCl diet (153 ± 7 versus 174 ± 5 mm Hg; P<0.001). Unexpectedly, the addition of 23 kb of Brown Norway chromosome 13 (line9BP4) completely erased the female-specific BP protection on 8% NaCl diet, suggesting that BN hypertensive allele(s) reside in this region. The congenic interval of the protective line 9F strain contains 3 genes (Optc, Prelp, and Fmod), and the hypertensive line 9E contains 1 additional gene (Btg2). Sequence analysis of the 2 BP loci revealed a total of 282 intergenic variants, with no coding variants. Analysis of gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed strain- and sex-specific differences in Prelp, Fmod, and Btg2 expression, implicating these as novel candidate genes for female-specific hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hoffman
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Genetic polymorphims of estrogen receptor alpha -397 PvuII (T>C) and -351 XbaI (A>G) in a portuguese population: prevalence and relation with breast cancer susceptibility. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5093-103. [PMID: 23666105 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), that mediates the biologic effects of estrogen in estrogen-sensitive tissues like breast, is genetically polymorphic. To evaluate the association between -397 PvuII (T>C) and -351 XbaI (A>G) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in intron 1 of ERα gene and susceptibility of breast cancer, we undertook a case-control study in BRCA1 185delAG and 5382insC/BRCA2 6174delT negative Portuguese women. The study population consisted of 107 patients with histological diagnosis of breast cancer and 121 women with no history of breast cancer. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyping analyses were performed by PCR-RFLP. XbaI polymorphism was associated with a significant reduced risk of breast cancer for carriers of the x allele in homozygozity (OR 0.178; 95% CI 0.070-0.456; P<0.001) or heterozigozity (OR 0.223; 95% CI 0.089-0.561; P=0.001). The PvuII polymorphism was associated with a non-significantly reduced risk. The combined analysis of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms revealed none synergistic effect of the two genotypes, except for simultaneous carriers of pp and xx genotypes, that have a reduced risk of breast cancer (OR 0.226; 95% CI 0.049-1.035; P=0.044). The combination of PvuII and XbaI genotypes into haplotypes showed that carriers of two copies of the px (ppxx) haplotype had a reduced risk of breast cancer (OR 0.405; 95% CI 0.194-0.843; P=0.014), compared with PX (PPXX+PPXx+PpXX+PpXx) haplotypes. PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium both in cases (D=0.044, r2=0.049, X2=5.216, P=0.022) and controls (D=0.090, r2=0.139, X2=16.819, P<0.001), but not in the entire sample population analyzed as a whole (D=0.087, r2=0.0076, X2=1.733, P=0.188). In conclusion, in this case-control study we found that ERα gene XbaI polymorphism may modify individual susceptibility for breast cancer in this population.
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Austin ED, Lahm T, West J, Tofovic SP, Johansen AK, MacLean MR, Alzoubi A, Oka M. Gender, sex hormones and pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:294-314. [PMID: 24015330 PMCID: PMC3757824 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most subtypes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are characterized by a greater susceptibility to disease among females, although females with PAH appear to live longer after diagnosis. While this "estrogen paradoxȍ of enhanced female survival despite increased female susceptibility remains a mystery, recent progress has begun to shed light upon the interplay of sex hormones, the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and the right ventricular response to stress. For example, emerging data in humans and experimental models suggest that estrogens or differential sex hormone metabolism may modify disease risk among susceptible subjects, and that estrogens may interact with additional local factors such as serotonin to enhance the potentially damaging chronic effects of estrogens on the pulmonary vasculature. Regardless, it remains unclear why not all estrogenic compounds behave equally, nor why estrogens appear to be protective in certain settings but detrimental in others. The contribution of androgens and other compounds, such as dehydroepiandrosterone, to pathogenesis and possibly treatment must be considered as well. In this review, we will discuss the recent understandings on how estrogens, estrogen metabolism, dehydroepiandrosterone, and additional susceptibility factors may all contribute to the pathogenesis or potentially to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, by evaluating current human, cell-based, and experimental model data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational, and Sleep Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stevan P. Tofovic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Katrine Johansen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, USA
| | - Margaret R. MacLean
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, USA
| | - Abdallah Alzoubi
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Masahiko Oka
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Kelly TN, Rebholz CM, Gu D, Hixson JE, Rice TK, Cao J, Chen J, Li J, Lu F, Ma J, Mu J, Whelton PK, He J. Analysis of sex hormone genes reveals gender differences in the genetic etiology of blood pressure salt sensitivity: the GenSalt study. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:191-200. [PMID: 23382403 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between 799 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 39 sex hormone genes and blood pressure (BP) responses to a dietary-sodium intervention. METHODS A 7-day low-sodium feeding study (51.3 mmol sodium/day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium feeding study (307.8 mmol sodium/day) was conducted among 1,906 Han Chinese participants. Nine BP measurements were obtained at baseline and the end of each intervention period using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. RESULTS Among men, absolute BP responses to sodium interventions decreased with the number of minor alleles of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) markers rs9340844, rs9397453, rs9371562, rs9397459, and rs9383951. For example, mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) responses to low-sodium intervention (95% confidence interval) were -2.67 (-3.13, -2.22) mm Hg among those with the rs9397453 C/C genotype, -1.23 (-1.98, -0.48) mm Hg among those with the C/T genotype, and 0.08 (-2.31, 2.47) mm Hg among those with the T/T genotype (P = 1×10(-4); false discovery rate (FDR)-q = 0.04). Mean DBP responses to high sodium according to the rs9397453 genotypes were 1.46 (1.03, 1.89) mm Hg among those with C/C, 0.19 (-0.54, 0.91) mm Hg among those with C/T, and -1.10 (-2.82, 0.61) mm Hg among those with T/T (P = 2×10(-4); FDR-q = 0.04). Similar trends were noted for the association between these ESR1 variants and SBP responses to the dietary intervention. There were no significant associations between sex hormone gene variants and salt sensitivity in women, with genotype-gender interactions noted for the ESR1 markers that achieved significance in men. CONCLUSIONS We identified strong, consistent associations between ESR1 gene variants and salt sensitivity in men. Our results support a gender-specific role for ESR1 in the etiology of this complex trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Ziv-Gal A, Gallicchio L, Miller SR, Zacur HA, Flaws JA. A genetic polymorphism in the CYP19A1 gene and the risk of hypertension among midlife women. Maturitas 2011; 71:70-5. [PMID: 22104650 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (A→G; rs700518) in the CYP19A1 gene, which encodes the enzyme aromatase, is associated with an increased risk for hypertension of midlife women. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 639 midlife women were recruited. Eligible women had their blood pressure, weight and height measured, and donated a blood sample for hormone and genetic analyses. The participants also completed a detailed study survey. Women were grouped according to their genotype, blood pressure measurements, and medical history. The data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models. The study had 80% power to detect small differences in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; 4.5 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; 3 mmHg). RESULTS The selected polymorphism was significantly associated with hypertension and SBP in unadjusted analyses. Interestingly, women with hypertension were more likely to be homozygous for the A allele (AA) compared to women who were not categorized as having hypertension. Further, the mean SBP was significantly higher for women who were homozygous for the A allele when compared to women carrying the other genotypes (AG or GG). The unadjusted association between DBP values and genotype was of borderline statistical significance (p=0.07). However, after adjustment for potential confounders (age, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking and physical activity), the associations between genotype and hypertension/blood pressure were attenuated and not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The rs700518 polymorphism in the CYP19A1 is not associated with hypertension in our sample of midlife women. Other factors, including race and BMI, appear to play a greater role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Ziv-Gal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Boroumand M, Ghasemi Y, Shirani S, Pourgholi L, Anvari MS, Sepehriseresht S, Mohammadtaghvaei N, Ghaedi M, Sheikhfathollahi M, Goodarzynejad H. Association Between Estrogen Receptor-α PvuII and XbaI Gene Polymorphisms With Extracranial Carotid Stenosis. Lab Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1309/lm4yrrfcms2k6dpj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Lecke SB, Morsch DM, Spritzer PM. CYP19 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with blood pressure in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2011; 76:1383-8. [PMID: 21807013 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hypertension has been linked to androgen excess and insulin resistance. Aromatase, an enzyme encoded by the CYP19 gene, affects androgen metabolism and estrogen synthesis, influencing the androgen to estrogen balance. We characterized CYP19 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of women with PCOS and normal controls and evaluated the association between subcutaneous fat CYP19 mRNA, circulating hormone levels, and blood pressure. This case-control study was carried out with 31 PCOS patients and 27 BMI-matched normotensive non-hirsute women with regular cycles. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements, collection of blood samples, and adipose tissue biopsy (28 PCOS and 19 controls). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg. PCOS patients were divided into normotensive and hypertensive. Main outcome measures were serum estrogen and androgen levels, estrogen-to-androgen ratio, and CYP19 gene expression in subcutaneous fat. Subcutaneous CYP19 mRNA was higher in hypertensive PCOS than in control and normotensive PCOS women (p = 0.014). Estrogen-to-androgen ratio was lower in hypertensive PCOS than controls (p < 0.003). Estrogen-to-androgen ratio ≤ 0.06 (median for the three groups) was observed in 91% of hypertensive PCOS women, vs. 37% and 61% in the control and normotensive PCOS groups (p = 0.011). CYP19 gene expression in subcutaneous fat of PCOS patient correlated positively with systolic (p = 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.009). Androgen excess and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in the molecular mechanisms that activate aromatase mRNA transcription in abdominal fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila B Lecke
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and National Institute of Hormones and Women's Health-CNPq, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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Masood DEN, Roach EC, Beauregard KG, Khalil RA. Impact of sex hormone metabolism on the vascular effects of menopausal hormone therapy in cardiovascular disease. Curr Drug Metab 2011; 11:693-714. [PMID: 21189141 DOI: 10.2174/138920010794233477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is less common in pre-menopausal women (Pre-MW) compared to men of the same age or post-menopausal women (Post-MW), suggesting cardiovascular benefits of estrogen. Estrogen receptors (ERs) have been identified in the vasculature, and experimental studies have demonstrated vasodilator effects of estrogen/ER on the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and extracellular matrix. Several natural and synthetic estrogenic preparations have been developed for relief of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. However, whether menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is beneficial in postmenopausal CVD remains controversial. Despite reports of vascular benefits of MHT from observational and experimental studies, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), such as the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) and the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), have suggested that, contrary to expectations, MHT may increase the risk of CVD. These discrepancies could be due to agerelated changes in sex hormone synthesis and metabolism, which would influence the effective dose of MHT and the sex hormone environment in Post-MW. Age-related changes in the vascular ER subtype, structure, expression, distribution, and post-ER signaling pathways in the endothelium and VSM, along with factors related to the design of RCTs, preexisting CVD condition, and structural changes in the blood vessels architecture have also been suggested as possible causes of MHT failure in CVD. Careful examination of these factors should help in identifying the causes of the changes in the vascular effects of estrogen with age. The sex hormone metabolic pathways, the active versus inactive estrogen metabolites, and their effects on vascular function, the mitochondria, the inflammatory process and angiogenesis should be further examined. Also, the genomic and non-genomic effects of estrogenic compounds should be viewed as integrated rather than discrete responses. The complex interactions between these factors highlight the importance of careful design of MHT RCTs, and the need of a more customized approach for each individual patient in order to enhance the vascular benefits of MHT in postmenopausal CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durr-e-Nayab Masood
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both men and women in the USA. However, there are differences between the sexes in age-dependent onset, severity, symptoms and outcomes. Basic research into the causes of sex-dependent differences in cardiovascular disease is ongoing and includes investigation into genetic variation in expression and distribution of receptors for the sex steroids; specificity of natural and synthetic ligands that activate the sex steroid receptors; and intracellular mechanisms that are activated by the receptors in all components of the vessel wall and blood elements, which integrate to regulate vascular tone, vascular repair and remodeling in health and disease. In this era of personalized medicine, basic research into mechanisms of sex differences in vascular function will result in improved prevention, detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Miller
- Departments of Surgery & Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Beitelshees AL, Johnson JA, Hames ML, Gong Y, Cooper-Dehoff RM, Wu J, Cresci S, Ma CX, Pepine CJ, Province MA, Spertus JA, McLeod HL. Aromatase gene polymorphisms are associated with survival among patients with cardiovascular disease in a sex-specific manner. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15180. [PMID: 21170323 PMCID: PMC3000815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CYP19A1 encodes aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, and may play a role in variation in outcomes among men and women with cardiovascular disease. We sought to examine genetic variation in CYP19A1 for its potential role in sex differences in cardiovascular disease outcomes. Methods Caucasian individuals from two independent populations were assessed: 1) a prospective cohort of patients with acute coronary syndromes with 3-year mortality follow-up (n = 568) and 2) a nested case-control study from a randomized, controlled trial of hypertension patients with stable coronary disease in which the primary outcome was death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or nonfatal stroke (n = 619). Six CYP19A1 SNPs were genotyped (-81371 C>T, -45965 G>C, M201T, R264C, 80 A>G, and +32226 G>A). The sex*genotype interaction term was assessed for the primary outcome and compared by genotype in men and women when a significant interaction term was identified. Results We identified a significant interaction between -81371 C>T and sex (p = 0.025) in the ACS population. The variant allele was associated with a 78% increase in mortality in men (HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.94) and a nonsignificant 42% decrease in mortality among women (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.22-1.54). We identified a similar association in the hypertensive CAD group, the -81371 C>T*sex interaction term was p<0.0001, with an associated 65% increase in death, MI, or stroke (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00-2.73) in men and a 69% decrease (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.6) in women. Conclusions Using two independent populations, this study is the first to document a significant interaction between CYP19A1 genotype and sex on cardiovascular outcomes. These findings could illuminate potential mechanisms of sex differences in cardiovascular disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
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Silva IV, Rezende LCD, Lanes SP, Souza LS, Madeira KP, Cerri MF, Paes MF, Daltoé RD, Chambô-Filho A, Guimarães MCC, Graceli JB, Rangel LBA. Evaluation of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) in relation to menstrual cycle timing and reproductive parameters in post-menopausal women. Maturitas 2010; 67:363-7. [PMID: 20884142 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of -397T>C and -351A>G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) - also called PvuII and XbaI, respectively - located on estrogen receptor alpha (ERS1) gene with age at menarche, menopause onset, fertility and miscarriage in a population of post-menopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study with 273 healthy, high miscegenated, post-menopausal women (mean age of 63.1±9.7 years old). Subjects were genotyped for PvuII and XbaI SNPs by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by automatic sequencing. Reproduction informations (age at menarche, age at menopause, number of pregnancies, fertility rate and miscarriages) were obtained by retrospective study using a questionnaire. RESULT(S) Age at menarche, menopause onset, number of pregnancies, total fertility rate, and parity did not seem to be influenced by any of the studied genotypes (chi-square, p>0.05). However, women carrying the xx genotype showed a 44% higher chance of miscarriage, whereas this value did not trespass 16% for any other genotype analyzed. It has been also observed a higher occurrence of miscarriage in association with combined xxpp genotype of ERS1 gene (chi-square, p<0.01). CONCLUSION(S) The present data indicate that the studied SNPs on ERS1 gene do not influence the menstrual cycle timing and parity but there is a strong relationship between the xx ERS1 SNP genotype and the incidence of miscarriage in the post-menopausal population analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Victor Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia/RENORBIO, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Matsunaga T, Gu N, Yamazaki H, Adachi T, Yasuda K, Moritani T, Tsuda K, Nishiyama T, Nonaka M. Association of estrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphisms with cardiac autonomic nervous activity in healthy young Japanese males. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:505-9. [PMID: 20060387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system that are mediated by estrogen receptors. We examined the association between the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms and cardiac autonomic nervous function in Japanese males. METHODS We examined 252 young healthy males for association of ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms and short-term heart rate variability (HRV) during supine rest and in a standing position. The very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) components of HRV were quantified by frequency domain analysis. RESULTS Carriers of the ESR1 PvuII C allele had higher mean blood pressure (BP), while the XbaI GG genotype was significantly associated with higher diastolic and mean BP, but lower HR. In the haplotype analysis, carriers of the ESR1 haplotype 2 (PvuII C and XbaI A) allele had a higher systolic and mean BP, and lower HRV spectral powers (total power, VLF, LF, and HF components) in a supine rest compared with those of non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The ESR1 PvuII and XbaI haplotype is associated with BP variation and the reduction in cardiac autonomic nervous activity in young Japanese males, which may be precursors of future pathological episodes of cardiovascular diseases.
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Taylor DA, Abdel-Rahman AA. Novel strategies and targets for the management of hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2009; 57:291-345. [PMID: 20230765 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)57008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension, as the sole or comorbid component of a constellation of disorders of the cardiovascular (CV) system, is present in over 90% of all patients with CV disease and affects nearly 74 million individuals in the United States. The number of medications available to treat hypertension has dramatically increased during the past 3 decades to some 50 medications as new targets involved in the normal regulation of blood pressure have been identified, resulting in the development of new agents in those classes with improved therapeutic profiles (e.g., renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RAAS). Despite these new agents, hypertension is not adequately managed in approximately 30% of patients, who are compliant with prescriptive therapeutics, suggesting that new agents and/or strategies to manage hypertension are still needed. Some of the newest classes of agents have targeted other components of the RAS, for example, the selective renin inhibitors, but recent advances in vascular biology have provided novel potential targets that may provide avenues for new agent development. These newer targets include downstream signaling participants in pathways involved in contraction, growth, hypertrophy, and relaxation. However, perhaps the most unique approach to the management of hypertension is a shift in strategy of using existing agents with respect to the time of day at which the agent is taken. This new strategy, termed "chronotherapy," has shown considerable promise in effectively managing hypertensive patients. Therefore, there remains great potential for future development of safe and effective agents and strategies to manage a disorder of the CV system of epidemic proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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Wu MM, Hsieh YC, Lien LM, Chen WH, Bai CH, Chiu HC, Chen HH, Chung WT, Lee YC, Hsu CY, Lin HW, Chiou HY. Association of estrogen receptor {alpha} genotypes/ haplotypes with carotid intima-media thickness in Taiwanese women. Angiology 2009; 61:275-82. [PMID: 19926619 DOI: 10.1177/0003319709351256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) is an important mediator of the atheroprotective effect of estrogen on the vasculature system. We examined the potential associations between common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of ESR1 and intima-media thickness (IMT) in carotid arteries, a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of 760 study participants (343 men and 407 women), who had undergone a Duplex ultrasonographic examination of carotid artery, were investigated. Measurement of IMT was performed on a 10-mm segment of the common carotid artery (CCA). Fourteen sequence-validated SNPs of high frequency of Oriental origin were selected and genotyped by the method of Light-Cycler-480-assisted real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by melting curve analysis. Results from multiple linear regression analyses showed significant associations of SNPs rs2228480 (Ex8+229G>A) and rs3798758 (Ex8+1988C>A) with the carotid IMT values in women but not in men. Women with SNP rs2228480 (Ex8+229G>A) A/A genotype had a 0.048 mm (7.1%) increase in IMT values versus the other genotypes combined (P = .030). In women who carried the rs3798758 (Ex8+1988C>A) CA+AA combined genotypes, their carotid IMT measures were 0.020 mm (2.9%) decreased as compared with those in women who carried C/ C genotype (P = .042). In haplotype analysis, women with the T-A haplotype versus C-C haplotype of combined rs3798577 (Ex8+1264T>C) and rs3798758 (Ex8+1988C>A) were also found to be associated with a decreased IMT value at a borderline significance (P = .057). Some common SNPs in the ESR1 could be important in modulating carotid atherosclerosis and thereby CVD susceptibility in Taiwanese women.
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Colloquium papers: Natural selection in a contemporary human population. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 107 Suppl 1:1787-92. [PMID: 19858476 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906199106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to demonstrate that natural selection is operating on contemporary humans, predict future evolutionary change for specific traits with medical significance, and show that for some traits we can make short-term predictions about our future evolution. To do so, we measured the strength of selection, estimated genetic variation and covariation, and predicted the response to selection for women in the Framingham Heart Study, a project of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University that began in 1948. We found that natural selection is acting to cause slow, gradual evolutionary change. The descendants of these women are predicted to be on average slightly shorter and stouter, to have lower total cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure, to have their first child earlier, and to reach menopause later than they would in the absence of evolution. Selection is tending to lengthen the reproductive period at both ends. To better understand and predict such changes, the design of planned large, long-term, multicohort studies should include input from evolutionary biologists.
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Hirschberg K, Gombos T, Dósa E, Somorjai A, Szilágyi Á, Szabó G, Füst G, Entz L. Association between estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms and early restenosis after eversion carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting. Atherosclerosis 2009; 206:186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Departement für Innere Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsspital Zürich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness and wave reflection have been identified as cardiovascular disease risk factors. In light of significant sex differences and the moderate heritability of vascular function measures, we hypothesized that variation in the genes coding for estrogen receptors alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) and aromatase (CYP19A1) is associated with aortic stiffness and pressure wave reflection as measured by noninvasive arterial tonometry. 1261 unrelated Framingham Offspring Study participants who attended the 7th examination cycle (mean age 62±10 years, 52% women) and had arterial tonometry and genotyping data were included in the study. ANCOVA was used to assess the association of polymorphisms with forward wave amplitude, augmented pressure, augmentation index, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and mean arterial pressure with adjustment for potential confounders. In the sex-pooled analysis, those homozygous for the minor allele at any of four ESR1 variants that were in strong linkage disequilibrium ((TA)n, rs2077647, rs2234693 and rs9340799) had on average 18% higher augmented pressure and 16% greater augmentation index compared to carriers of one or two major alleles (p=0.0002–0.01). A similar magnitude of association was detected in those homozygous for the common allele at two ESR2 SNPs (p=0.007–0.02). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that variation in ESR1 and ESR2, but not CYP19A1, is associated with increased wave reflection, which may contribute to previously demonstrated associations between these variants and adverse clinical events. Our findings will need to be replicated in additional cohorts.
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Abstract
Protective role of estrogens (E2) against cardiovascular disease has been appreciated for many years until the equivocal results of cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials on hormone replacement therapy were reported. Although new ongoing trials aim to resolve these discrepancies, it is obvious that cardiovascular effects of E(2) are complex and diverse. To understand further the cardiovascular effects of E(2), the detailed knowledge on the specific role of both classical estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and G protein-coupled receptor-30 in the vasculature are of importance. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the pattern of ERalpha and ERbeta expression in human vasculature, the genomic and non-genomic cardiovascular effects of E(2)versus subtype selective ERalpha and ERbeta stimulation on isolated arteries and in different knockout animal models. The results indicate that although ERalpha and ERbeta are expressed in the endothelium and media of human arteries, there is no definite evidence for predominant expression of one over another, the pattern depends on vascular bed, sex and diseased condition. Data from the experiments on isolated arteries and in ER knockout animal models may indicate that activation of specific ER subtypes could provide additional cardiovascular protective effects. However, a clear role for each ERs have to be finalised with focus on mechanisms and by exploring the potential of ERs-selective agonists for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanid Luksha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang J, Bai H, Liu X, Fan P, Liu R, Huang Y, Wang X, He G, Liu Y, Liu B. Genotype distribution of estrogen receptor alpha polymorphisms in pregnant women from healthy and preeclampsia populations and its relation to blood pressure levels. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:391-7. [PMID: 19284296 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) seems to be a potential candidate in altering risk for preeclampsia due to important estrogenic biological effects. Despite its previously reported association with severe preeclampsia in combined genotype in one selected ethnic group, further studies in other populations are required. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the gene polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha with preeclampsia in a southwest Chinese population. METHODS We genotyped two polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene (PvuII and XbaI) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in a Chinese population. RESULTS In the case-control study which included 204 preeclampsia case subjects and 236 normal control subjects, the frequencies of allele T for the PvuII site and allele G for the XbaI site in the patients (41.67% and 23.53%, respectively) were similar to those observed in controls (43.01% and 19.70%, respectively). Furthermore, the combined genotype analysis of ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms showed no increased risk of either severe or total preeclampsia in our study populations. However, it showed that the CC homozygotes and CT heterozygotes in control pregnant women had higher systolic blood pressure levels than TT homozygotes for the PvuII site after adjustment for age and body mass index (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our work does not provide evidence in favor of ESR1 PvuII and XbaI being associated with preeclampsia but with increased blood pressure levels in normal pregnant women, in a southwest Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
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