1
|
Sassi A, You L. Microfluidics-Based Technologies for the Assessment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:575. [PMID: 38607014 PMCID: PMC11011521 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer remains a significant clinical challenge, wherein patients display no response to existing hormone therapies. The standard of care often includes aggressive treatment options using chemotherapy, radiation therapy and various drugs to curb the growth of additional metastases. As such, there is a dire need for the development of innovative technologies for both its diagnosis and its management. Traditionally, scientific exploration of prostate cancer and its treatment options has been heavily reliant on animal models and two-dimensional (2D) in vitro technologies. However, both laboratory tools often fail to recapitulate the dynamic tumor microenvironment, which can lead to discrepancies in drug efficacy and side effects in a clinical setting. In light of the limitations of traditional animal models and 2D in vitro technologies, the emergence of microfluidics as a tool for prostate cancer research shows tremendous promise. Namely, microfluidics-based technologies have emerged as powerful tools for assessing prostate cancer cells, isolating circulating tumor cells, and examining their behaviour using tumor-on-a-chip models. As such, this review aims to highlight recent advancements in microfluidics-based technologies for the assessment of castration-resistant prostate cancer and its potential to advance current understanding and to improve therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Sassi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada;
| | - Lidan You
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada;
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moya L, Walpole C, Rae F, Srinivasan S, Seim I, Lai J, Nicol D, Williams ED, Clements JA, Batra J. Characterisation of cell lines derived from prostate cancer patients with localised disease. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:614-624. [PMID: 37264224 PMCID: PMC10449630 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a broad-spectrum disease, spanning from indolent to a highly aggressive lethal malignancy. Prostate cancer cell lines are essential tools to understanding the basic features of this malignancy, as well as in identifying novel therapeutic strategies. However, most cell lines routinely used in prostate cancer research are derived from metastatic disease and may not fully elucidate the molecular events underlying the early stages of cancer development and progression. Thus, there is a need for new cell lines derived from localised disease to better span the disease spectrum. METHODS Prostatic tissue from the primary site, and adjacent non-cancerous tissue was obtained from four patients with localised disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Epithelial cell outgrowths were immortalised with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 to establish monoclonal cell lines. Chromosomal ploidy was imaged and STR profiles were determined. Cell morphology, colony formation and cell proliferation characteristics were assessed. Androgen receptor (AR) expression and AR-responsiveness to androgen treatment were analysed by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR, respectively. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify prostate lineage markers and expression of prostate cancer tumorigenesis-related genes. RESULTS Two benign cell lines derived from non-cancer cells (AQ0420 and AQ0396) and two tumour tissue derived cancer cell lines (AQ0411 and AQ0415) were immortalised from four patients with localised prostatic adenocarcinoma. The cell lines presented an epithelial morphology and a slow to moderate proliferative rate. None of the cell lines formed anchorage independent colonies or displayed AR-responsiveness. Comparative RNA-seq expression analysis confirmed the prostatic lineage of the four cell lines, with a distinct gene expression profile from that of the metastatic prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive characterization of these cell lines may provide new in vitro tools that could bridge the current knowledge gap between benign, early-stage and metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Moya
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer Immunotherapies Group, Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Rae
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, Gehrmann Laboratories, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Nicol
- Urology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Urology Unit, The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
- Center for genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Xin C, Yin G, Li J. Taraxasterol suppresses the proliferation and tumor growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells through the FGFR2-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13072. [PMID: 37567936 PMCID: PMC10421874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is prevalent among older men and difficult to survive after metastasis. It is urgent to find new drugs and treatments. Several studies show that taraxasterol (TAX) has important anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-tumor effects. However, the function and mechanisms of TAX in PCa remain unclear. Here, we found that TAX could significantly suppress the viability and growth of androgen-independent PCa cells and down-regulate the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 in vitro. Mechanistically, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was weakened and the expression of FGFR2 was reduced after TAX treatment in androgen-independent PCa cells. Moreover, TAX evidently inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice and the expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, p-AKT and FGFR2 were down-regulated in xenograft tumor. These results indicate that TAX suppresses the proliferation of androgen-independent PCa cells via inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the expression of FGFR2, which means TAX may be a novel anti-tumor agent for later PCa treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Chulin Xin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, 22 Wanhua Road, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangfen Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, 22 Wanhua Road, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poirier D, Roy J, Maltais R, Weidmann C, Audet-Walsh É. An Aminosteroid Derivative Shows Higher In Vitro and In Vivo Potencies than Gold Standard Drugs in Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113033. [PMID: 37296995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aminosteroid derivative RM-581 blocks with high potency the growth of androgen-dependent (AR+) prostate cancer VCaP, 22Rv1, and LAPC-4 cells. Notably, RM-581 demonstrated superior antiproliferative activity in LAPC-4 cells compared to enzalutamide and abiraterone, two drugs that exhibited a synergistic effect in combination with RM-581. These findings suggest that RM-581 may have an action that is not directly associated with the hormonal pathway of androgens. Furthermore, RM-581 completely blocks tumor growth in LAPC-4 xenografts when given orally at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg in non-castrated (intact) nude mice. During this study, an accumulation of RM-581 was observed in tumors compared to plasma (3.3-10 folds). Additionally, the level of fatty acids (FA) increased in the tumors and livers of mice treated with RM-581 but not in plasma. The increase was greater in unsaturated FA (21-28%) than in saturated FA (7-11%). The most affected FA were saturated palmitic acid (+16%), monounsaturated oleic acid (+34%), and di-unsaturated linoleic acid (+56%), i.e., the 3 most abundant FA, with a total of 55% of the 56 FA measured. For cholesterol levels, there was no significant difference in the tumor, liver, or plasma of mice treated or not with RM-581. Another important result was the innocuity of RM-581 in mice during a 28-day xenograft experiment and a 7-week dose-escalation study, suggesting a favorable safety window for this new promising drug candidate when given orally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cindy Weidmann
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawrence MG, Taylor RA, Cuffe GB, Ang LS, Clark AK, Goode DL, Porter LH, Le Magnen C, Navone NM, Schalken JA, Wang Y, van Weerden WM, Corey E, Isaacs JT, Nelson PS, Risbridger GP. The future of patient-derived xenografts in prostate cancer research. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:371-384. [PMID: 36650259 PMCID: PMC10789487 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are generated by engrafting human tumours into mice. Serially transplantable PDXs are used to study tumour biology and test therapeutics, linking the laboratory to the clinic. Although few prostate cancer PDXs are available in large repositories, over 330 prostate cancer PDXs have been established, spanning broad clinical stages, genotypes and phenotypes. Nevertheless, more PDXs are needed to reflect patient diversity, and to study new treatments and emerging mechanisms of resistance. We can maximize the use of PDXs by exchanging models and datasets, and by depositing PDXs into biorepositories, but we must address the impediments to accessing PDXs, such as institutional, ethical and legal agreements. Through collaboration, researchers will gain greater access to PDXs representing diverse features of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia B Cuffe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa S Ang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashlee K Clark
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clémentine Le Magnen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tae JH, Chang IH. Animal models of bone metastatic prostate cancer. Investig Clin Urol 2023; 64:219-228. [PMID: 37341002 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease is a main cause of mortality in prostate cancer and remains to be incurable despite emerging new treatment agents. Development of novel treatment agents are confined within the boundaries of our knowledge of bone metastatic prostate cancer. Exploration into the underlying mechanism of metastatic tumorigenesis and treatment resistance will further expose novel targets for novel treatment agents. Up to date, many of these researches have been conducted with animal models which have served as classical tools that play a pivotal role in understanding the fundamental nature of cancer. The ability to reproduce the natural course of prostate cancer would be of profound value. However, currently available models do not reproduce the entire process of tumorigenesis to bone metastasis and are limited to reproducing small portions of the entire process. Therefore, knowledge of available models and understanding the strengths and weaknesses for each model is key to achieve research objectives. In this article, we take an overview of cell line injection animal models and patient derived xenograft models that have been applied to the research of human prostate cancer bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Tae
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ho Chang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seo E, Kang M. Current status and clinical application of patient-derived tumor organoid model in kidney and prostate cancers. BMB Rep 2023; 56:24-31. [PMID: 36476272 PMCID: PMC9887101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers such as kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancers are the most common types of cancers worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. To date, traditional cell lines and animal models have been broadly used to study pre-clinical applications and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they cannot reflect biological phenotypes of real tissues and clinical diversities of urological cancers in vitro system. In vitro models cannot be utilized to reflect the tumor microenvironment or heterogeneity. Cancer organoids in three-dimensional culture have emerged as a promising platform for simulating tumor microenvironment and revealing heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in prostate and kidney cancer organoids regarding culture conditions, advantages, and applications of these cancer organoids. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 24-31].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Seo
- Molecular Pharmacology, OliPass Corporation, Yongin 17015, Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Seoul 06351, Korea,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-3410-1138; Fax: +82-2-3410-6992; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elsesy ME, Oh-Hohenhorst SJ, Oing C, Eckhardt A, Burdak-Rothkamm S, Alawi M, Müller C, Schüller U, Maurer T, von Amsberg G, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Mansour WY. Preclinical patient-derived modeling of castration-resistant prostate cancer facilitates individualized assessment of homologous recombination repair deficient disease. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 36694344 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of mutation analysis of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes to estimate PARP-inhibition response may miss a larger proportion of responding patients. Here, we provide preclinical models for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that can be used to functionally predict HRR defects. In vitro, CRPC LNCaP sublines revealed an HRR defect and enhanced sensitivity to olaparib and cisplatin due to impaired RAD51 expression and recruitment. Ex vivo-induced castration-resistant tumor slice cultures or tumor slice cultures derived directly from CRPC patients showed increased olaparib- or cisplatin-associated enhancement of residual radiation-induced γH2AX/53BP1 foci. We established patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) from CRPC patients. These PDOs are morphologically similar to their primary tumors and genetically clustered with prostate cancer but not with normal prostate or other tumor entities. Using these PDOs, we functionally confirmed the enhanced sensitivity of CRPC patients to olaparib and cisplatin. Moreover, olaparib but not cisplatin significantly decreased the migration rate in CRPC cells. Collectively, we present robust patient-derived preclinical models for CRPC that recapitulate the features of their primary tumors and enable individualized drug screening, allowing translation of treatment sensitivities into tailored clinical therapy recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Elsesy
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Su Jung Oh-Hohenhorst
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), QC, Canada
| | - Christoph Oing
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alicia Eckhardt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Burdak-Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Oncology, University Cancer Center Hamburg Eppendorf, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Wael Y Mansour
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Seo E, Kang M. Current status and clinical application of patient-derived tumor organoid model in kidney and prostate cancers. BMB Rep 2023; 56:24-31. [PMID: 36476272 PMCID: PMC9887101 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urological cancers such as kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancers are the most common types of cancers worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. To date, traditional cell lines and animal models have been broadly used to study pre-clinical applications and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they cannot reflect biological phenotypes of real tissues and clinical diversities of urological cancers in vitro system. In vitro models cannot be utilized to reflect the tumor microenvironment or heterogeneity. Cancer organoids in three-dimensional culture have emerged as a promising platform for simulating tumor microenvironment and revealing heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in prostate and kidney cancer organoids regarding culture conditions, advantages, and applications of these cancer organoids. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(1): 24-31].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Seo
- Molecular Pharmacology, OliPass Corporation, Yongin 17015, Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sáez-Martínez P, Porcel-Pastrana F, Pérez-Gómez JM, Pedraza-Arévalo S, Gómez-Gómez E, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113003. [PMID: 36361790 PMCID: PMC9654089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST), cortistatin (CORT), and their receptors (SSTR1-5/sst5TMD4-TMD5) comprise a multifactorial hormonal system involved in the regulation of numerous pathophysiological processes. Certain components of this system are dysregulated and play critical roles in the development/progression of different endocrine-related cancers. However, the presence and therapeutic role of this regulatory system in prostate cancer (PCa) remain poorly explored. Accordingly, we performed functional (proliferation/migration/colonies-formation) and mechanistic (Western-blot/qPCR/microfluidic-based qPCR-array) assays in response to SST and CORT treatments and CORT-silencing (using specific siRNA) in different PCa cell models [androgen-dependent (AD): LNCaP; androgen-independent (AI)/castration-resistant PCa (CRPC): 22Rv1 and PC-3], and/or in the normal-like prostate cell-line RWPE-1. Moreover, the expression of SST/CORT system components was analyzed in PCa samples from two different patient cohorts [internal (n = 69); external (Grasso, n = 88)]. SST and CORT treatment inhibited key functional/aggressiveness parameters only in AI-PCa cells. Mechanistically, antitumor capacity of SST/CORT was associated with the modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (AKT/JNK), and with the significant down-regulation of critical genes involved in proliferation/migration and PCa-aggressiveness (e.g., MKI67/MMP9/EGF). Interestingly, CORT was highly expressed, while SST was not detected, in all prostate cell-lines analyzed. Consistently, endogenous CORT was overexpressed in PCa samples (compared with benign-prostatic-hyperplasia) and correlated with key clinical (i.e., metastasis) and molecular (i.e., SSTR2/SSTR5 expression) parameters. Remarkably, CORT-silencing drastically enhanced proliferation rate and blunted the antitumor activity of SST-analogues (octreotide/pasireotide) in AI-PCa cells. Altogether, we provide evidence that SST/CORT system and SST-analogues could represent a potential therapeutic option for PCa, especially for CRPC, and that endogenous CORT could act as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of PCa progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Porcel-Pastrana
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Urology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Toumia IB, Ponassi M, Barboro P, Iervasi E, Vargas GC, Banelli B, Fiordoro S, Ghedira LC, Kohnke FH, Izzotti A, Rosano C. Two calix[4]pyrroles as potential therapeutics for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:1185-1193. [PMID: 35976541 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds meso-(p-acetamidophenyl)-calix[4]pyrrole and meso-(m-acetamidophenyl)-calix[4]pyrrole have previously been reported to exhibit cytotoxic properties towards lung cancer cells. Here, we report pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies showing that these calixpyrrole derivatives can inhibit cell growth in both PC3 and DU145 prostatic cancer cell lines. We explored the impact of these compounds on programmed cell death, as well as their ability to inhibit cellular invasion. In this study we have demonstrated the safety of these macrocyclic compounds by cytotoxicity tests on ex-vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and by in vivo subcutaneous administration. Preliminary in vivo tests demonstrated no hepato-, no nephro- and no genotoxicity in Balb/c mice compared to controls treated with cisplatin. These findings suggest these calixpyrroles might be novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of prostate cancer and of particular interest for the treatment of androgen-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Ponassi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Barboro
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Leila Chekir Ghedira
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology UR17ES47, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mai CW, Chin KY, Foong LC, Pang KL, Yu B, Shu Y, Chen S, Cheong SK, Chua CW. Modeling prostate cancer: What does it take to build an ideal tumor model? Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215794. [PMID: 35718268 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently characterized as a multifocal disease with great intratumoral heterogeneity as well as a high propensity to metastasize to bone. Consequently, modeling prostate tumor has remained a challenging task for researchers in this field. In the past decades, genomic advances have led to the identification of key molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Moreover, resistance towards second-generation androgen-deprivation therapy, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide has unveiled androgen receptor-independent diseases with distinctive histopathological and clinical features. In this review, we have critically evaluated the commonly used preclinical models of prostate cancer with respect to their capability of recapitulating the key genomic alterations, histopathological features and bone metastatic potential of human prostate tumors. In addition, we have also discussed the potential use of the emerging organoid models in prostate cancer research, which possess clear advantages over the commonly used preclinical tumor models. We anticipate that no single model can faithfully recapitulate the complexity of prostate cancer, and thus, propose the use of a cost- and time-efficient integrated tumor modeling approach for future prostate cancer investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wai Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lian-Chee Foong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79200, Malaysia
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wai Chua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee YK, Kim JE, Xu Y, Han H, Lee JH, Lee HJ. AKT, a Key Transmitter of HIF-1α and AR Signaling Pathways, Has a Critical Role in the Apigetrin-Mediated Anti-Cancer Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061370. [PMID: 35740392 PMCID: PMC9220772 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigetrin is a flavonoid glycoside phytochemical that is derived from various herbs and exhibits several beneficial biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer effects. In the present study, we elucidated the anti-cancer effect and targeting mechanism of apigetrin in LNCaP and PC-3 cells through various experiments, including cell viability by CELLOMAXTM Viability Assay kit, cell migration by scratch wound assays, and 2D-and 3D- cell growth assay. Apigetrin inhibited the viability, migration, proliferation, and growth of cells in long-term 2D- and 3D- cultures cell growth. A high dose of apigetrin induced apoptosis, as evidenced by increased cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 (c-cas3) in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Furthermore, apigetrin inhibited AR, PSA, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Apigetrin also suppressed the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression in these cells. Furthermore, apigetrin reduced hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion in the culture medium and inhibited hypoxia-induced tube formation of HUVECs. Silencing of AKT revealed that the anti-cancer activity of apigetrin is mediated via AKT. Thus, our data suggest that apigetrin exerts anti-cancer effects by inhibiting AKT, a central key of HIF-1α and AR signaling, in early-and late-stage prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yinzhu Xu
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Hengmin Han
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jae-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Abenojar EC, Wang J, de Leon AC, Tavri S, Wang X, Gopalakrishnan R, Walker E, MacLennan GT, Giles A, Czarnota GJ, Basilion JP, Exner AA. Development of a novel castration-resistant orthotopic prostate cancer model in New Zealand White rabbit. Prostate 2022; 82:695-705. [PMID: 35167141 PMCID: PMC8994852 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) models in mice and rats are limited by their size and lack of a clearly delineated or easily accessible prostate gland. The canine PCa model is currently the only large animal model which can be used to test new preclinical interventions but is costly and availability is sparse. As an alternative, we developed an orthotopic human prostate tumor model in an immunosuppressed New Zealand White rabbit. Rabbits are phylogenetically closer to humans, their prostate gland is anatomically similar, and its size allows for clinically-relevant testing of interventions. METHODS Rabbits were immunosuppressed via injection of cyclosporine. Human PC3pipGFP PCa cells were injected into the prostate via either (a) laparotomy or (b) transabdominal ultrasound (US) guided injection. Tumor growth was monitored using US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging using nanobubbles and Lumason microbubbles was also performed to examine imaging features and determine the optimal contrast dose required for enhanced visualization of the tumor. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analyses of the collected tissues were performed to validate tumor morphology and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression. RESULTS Immunosuppression and tumor growth were, in general, well-tolerated by the rabbits. Fourteen out of 20 rabbits, with an average age of 8 months, successfully grew detectable tumors from Day 14 onwards after cell injection. The tumor growth rate was 39 ± 25 mm2 per week. CEUS and MRI of tumors appear hypoechoic and T2 hypointense, respectively, relative to normal prostate tissue. Minimally invasive US-guided tumor cell injection proved to be a better method compared to laparotomy due to the shorter recovery time required for the rabbits following injection. Among the rabbits that grew tumors, seven had tumors both inside and outside the prostate, three had tumors only inside the prostate, and four had tumors exclusively outside of the prostate. All tumors expressed the PSMA receptor. CONCLUSIONS We have established, for the first time, an orthotopic PCa rabbit model via percutaneous US-guided tumor cell inoculation. This animal model is an attractive, clinically relevant intermediate step to assess preclinical diagnostic and therapeutic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Eric C. Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Al C. de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sidhartha Tavri
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory T. MacLennan
- Department of Pathology and Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anoja Giles
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory J. Czarnota
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James P. Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Agata A. Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar S, Patil MT, Salunke DB. Indole based prostate cancer agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer weakens the immune system which fails to fight against the rapidly growing cells. Among the various types of cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is causing greater number of deaths in men after lung cancer, demanding advancement to prevent, detect and treat PCa. Several small molecule heterocycles and few peptides are being used as oncological drugs targeting PCa. Heterocycles are playing crucial role in the development of novel cancer chemotherapeutics as well as immunotherapeutics. Indole skeleton, being a privileged structure has been extensively used for the discovery of novel anticancer agents and the application of indole derivatives against breast cancer is well documented. The present article highlights the usefulness of indole linked heterocyclic compounds as well as the fused indole derivatives against prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , 160014 , India
- Department of Chemistry , J. C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA , Faridabad 121006 , Haryana , India
| | - Madhuri T. Patil
- Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women , Sector 36A , Chandigarh 160036 , India
| | - Deepak B. Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh , 160014 , India
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schröder SK, Pinoé-Schmidt M, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) Deficiency Leads to Cellular Changes in Highly Metastatic Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line PC-3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020260. [PMID: 35053376 PMCID: PMC8773519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporter protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) also termed neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has pleiotropic effects in tumorigenesis in various cancers. Since the precise role of LCN2 in prostate cancer (PCa) is poorly understood, we aimed to elucidate its functions in PCa in vitro. For this purpose, LCN2 was transiently suppressed or permanently depleted in human PC-3 cells using siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout. Effects of LCN2 suppression on expression of different tumorigenic markers were investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. LCN2 knockout cells were analyzed for cellular changes and their ability to cope endoplasmic stress compared to parenteral PC-3 cells. Reduced LCN2 was accompanied by decreased expression of IL-1β and Cx43. In PC-3 cells, LCN2 deficiency leads to reduced proliferation, diminished expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lower adhesion, and disrupted F-actin distribution. In addition, IL-1β expression strongly correlated with LCN2 levels. LCN2 knockout cells showed enhanced and sustained activation of unfolded protein response proteins when treated with tunicamycin or cultured under glucose deprivation. Interestingly, an inverse correlation between phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit (p-eIF2α) and LCN2 expression was observed suggesting that LCN2 triggers protein synthesis under stress conditions. The finding that LCN2 depletion leads to significant phenotypic and cellular changes in PC-3 cells adds LCN2 as a valuable target for the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
|
17
|
Herring B, Jang S, Whitt J, Goliwas K, Aburjania Z, Dudeja V, Ren B, Berry J, Bibb J, Frost A, Chen H, Rose JB, Jaskula-Sztul R. Ex Vivo Modeling of Human Neuroendocrine Tumors in Tissue Surrogates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:710009. [PMID: 35002949 PMCID: PMC8734644 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Few models exist for studying neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and there are mounting concerns that the currently available array of cell lines is not representative of NET biology. The lack of stable patient-derived NET xenograft models further limits the scientific community's ability to make conclusions about NETs and their response to therapy in patients. To address these limitations, we propose the use of an ex vivo 3D flow-perfusion bioreactor system for culturing and studying patient-derived NET surrogates. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of the bioreactor system for culturing NET surrogates and provide methods for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents on human NET cell line xenograft constructs and patient-derived NET surrogates. We also demonstrate that patient-derived NET tissues can be propagated using the bioreactor system and investigate the near-infrared (NIR) dye IR-783 for its use in monitoring their status within the bioreactor. The results indicate that the bioreactor system and similar 3D culture models may be valuable tools for culturing patient-derived NETs and monitoring their response to therapy ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Herring
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Samuel Jang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kayla Goliwas
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zviadi Aburjania
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andra Frost
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ren N, Li B, Liu Q, Yang L, Liu X, Huang Q. Dinucleotide tag-based parallel reporter gene assay method enables efficient identification of regulatory mutations. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100341. [PMID: 34894203 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) leading to increased cancer predisposition mainly function as gene regulatory elements, the evaluation of which largely relies on the parallel reporter gene assay system. However, the common DNA barcodes used in parallel reporter gene assay systems typically because nucleotide composition bias, and many barcodes must be allocated for each sequence to reduce the bias effect. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS Here, a versatile dinucleotide-tag reporter system (DiR) that enables parallel analysis of regulatory elements with minimized bias based on next-generation sequencing is described. The DiR system is more robust than the classical luciferase assay method, particularly for the investigation of moderate-level regulatory elements. The authors applied the DiR-seq assay in the functional evaluation of SNPs with prostate cancer risk and nominated two and six regulatory SNPs in PC-3 and LNCaP cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The DiR system has great potential to advance the functional study of SNPs associated with polygenic disease risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naixia Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lele Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qilai Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sajjadi RS, Modarressi MH, Akbarian F, Tabatabaiefar MA. A Computational Framework to Infer Prostate Cancer-Associated Long Noncoding RNAs and Analyses for Identifying a Competing Endogenous RNA Network. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:582-589. [PMID: 34550779 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer death after lung cancer in men. Current biomarkers are ineffective for the treatment and management of the disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that are involved in complex gene expression regulatory networks. Although lncRNAs have been suggested to be promising as future biomarkers, the connection between the majority of lncRNAs and human disease remains to be elucidated. One approach to elucidate the roles of lncRNAs in disease is through the development of computational models. For example, a novel computational model termed HyperGeometric distribution for LncRNA-Disease Association (HGLDA) has been developed. Such models need to be developed on a tumor-specific basis to better suit the particular problem. Methods: In this study, we constructed a potential pipeline through two models, HGLDA and pathway-based using data from several databases. To validate the obtained data, the expression levels of selected lncRNAs were investigated quantitatively in the DU-145, LNCaP, and PC3 PC cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: We obtained a number of lncRNAs from both models, many of which were filtered through several databases that ultimately resulted in identification of six high-value lncRNA targets. Their expression was correlated with one important component of the PI3K pathway, known to be related to PC. Conclusion: Through the assembly of a lncRNA-miRNAs-mRNA competing endogenous RNA network, we successfully predicted lncRNAs interfering with miRNAs and coding genes related to PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak S Sajjadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Akbarian
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Drosophila Accessory Gland: A Complementary In Vivo Model to Bring New Insight to Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092387. [PMID: 34572036 PMCID: PMC8468328 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in aging men. Despite recent progress, there are still few effective treatments to cure its aggressive and metastatic stages. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving disease initiation and progression appears essential to support the development of more efficient therapies and improve patient care. To do so, multiple research models, such as cell culture and mouse models, have been developed over the years and have improved our comprehension of the biology of the disease. Recently, a new model has been added with the use of the Drosophila accessory gland. With a high level of conservation of major signaling pathways implicated in human disease, this functional equivalent of the prostate represents a powerful, inexpensive, and rapid in vivo model to study epithelial carcinogenesis. The purpose of this review is to quickly overview the existing prostate cancer models, including their strengths and limitations. In particular, we discuss how the Drosophila accessory gland can be integrated as a convenient complementary model by bringing new understanding in the mechanisms driving prostate epithelial tumorigenesis, from initiation to metastatic formation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Seixas F, Ferreira R, Colaço B, Parada B, Oliveira PA. An overview of the latest in state-of-the-art murine models for prostate cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1349-1364. [PMID: 34224283 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1943354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex, heterogenous and multifocal disease, which is debilitating for patients and often fatal - due to bone metastasis and castration-resistant cancer. The use of murine models that mimic human disease has been crucial in the development of innovative therapies and for better understanding the mechanisms associated with initiation and progression of PCa. AREAS COVERED This review presents a critical analysis of murine models for the study of PCa, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and applications. EXPERT OPINION In animal models, disease may not occur exactly as it does in humans, and sometimes the levels of efficacy that certain treatments obtain in animal models cannot be translated into clinical practice. To choose the most appropriate animal model for each research work, it is crucial to understand the anatomical and physiological differences between the mouse and the human prostate, while it is also important to identify biological similarities and differences between murine and human prostate tumors. Although significant progress has already been made, thanks to many years of research and study, the number of new challenges and obstacles to overcome mean there is a long and difficult road still to travel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Belmiro Parada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (Icbr), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Urology and Renal Transplantation Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schille JT, Nolte I, Beck J, Jilani D, Roolf C, Pews-Davtyan A, Rolfs A, Henze L, Beller M, Brenig B, Junghanss C, Schütz E, Murua Escobar H. PDA Indolylmaleimides Induce Anti-Tumor Effects in Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines Through Mitotic Death. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:558135. [PMID: 33553272 PMCID: PMC7855975 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.558135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Castrate resistant prostate cancer in men shares several characteristics with canine prostate cancer (PCa). Due to current insufficient therapies, evaluating novel therapeutic agents for late-stage PCa is of considerable interest for both species. PDA indolylmaleimides showed anticancer effects in several neoplastic cell lines. Herein, a comparative characterization of PDA-66 and PDA-377 mediated effects was performed in human and canine PCa cell lines, which is also the first detailed characterization of these agents on cells derived from solid tumors in general. While PDA-377 showed only weak growth inhibition on human PCa cell lines, PDA-66 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in human and canine cell lines with concentrations in the low micromolar range. Morphological characterization and whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that PDA-66 induces mitotic death through its microtubule-depolymerizing ability. PDA-66 appears to be a worthwhile anti-mitotic agent for further evaluation. The similarities in cellular and molecular response observed in the cell lines of both origins form a solid basis for the use of canine PCa in vivo models to gain valuable interchangeable data to the advantage of both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Torben Schille
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Daria Jilani
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Larissa Henze
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schütz
- Chronix Biomedical, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lund ME, Howard CB, Thurecht KJ, Campbell DH, Mahler SM, Walsh BJ. A bispecific T cell engager targeting Glypican-1 redirects T cell cytolytic activity to kill prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1214. [PMID: 33302918 PMCID: PMC7727117 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glypican-1 is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa), and a variety of solid tumors. Importantly, expression is restricted in normal tissue, making it an ideal tumor targeting antigen. Since there is clinical and preclinical evidence of the efficacy of Bispecific T cell Engager (BiTE) therapy in PCa, we sought to produce and test the efficacy of a GPC-1 targeted BiTE construct based on the Miltuximab® sequence. Miltuximab® is a clinical stage anti-GPC-1 antibody that has proven safe in first in human trials. METHODS The single chain variable fragment (scFv) of Miltuximab® and the CD3 binding sequence of Blinatumomab were combined in a standard BiTE format. Binding of the construct to immobilised recombinant CD3 and GPC-1 antigens was assessed by ELISA and BiaCore, and binding to cell surface-expressed antigens was measured by flow cytometry. The ability of MIL-38-CD3 to activate T cells was assessed using in vitro co-culture assays with tumour cell lines of varying GPC-1 expression by measurement of CD69 and CD25 expression, before cytolytic activity was assessed in a similar co-culture. The release of inflammatory cytokines from T cells was measured by ELISA and expression of PD-1 on the T cell surface was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Binding activity of MIL-38-CD3 to both cell surface-expressed and immobilised recombinant GPC-1 and CD3 was retained. MIL-38-CD3 was able to mediate the activation of peripheral blood T cells from healthy individuals, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFN-g. Activation was reliant on GPC-1 expression as MIL-38-CD3 mediated only low level T cell activation in the presence of C3 cells (constitutively low GPC-1 expression). Activated T cells were redirected to lyse PCa cell lines PC3 and DU-145 (GPC-1 moderate or high expression, respectively) but could not kill GPC-1 negative Raji cells. The expression of PD-1 was up-regulated on the surface of MIL-38-CD3 activated T cells, suggesting potential for synergy with checkpoint inhibition. CONCLUSIONS This study reports preclinical findings into the efficacy of targeting GPC-1 in PCa with BiTE construct MIL-38-CD3. We show the specificity and efficacy of the construct, supporting its further preclinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Lund
- Glytherix Ltd, Suite 2 Ground Floor, 75 Talavera Road Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Douglas H Campbell
- Glytherix Ltd, Suite 2 Ground Floor, 75 Talavera Road Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Bradley J Walsh
- Glytherix Ltd, Suite 2 Ground Floor, 75 Talavera Road Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technologies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang Y, Xue X, Li X, Jia B, Pan CX, Li Y, Lin TY. Novel nanococktail of a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and cabazitaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:2000075. [PMID: 33072858 PMCID: PMC7567330 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) carries is poor, and no effective therapeutic regimen is yet known. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway played a predominant role and may be a promising molecular target for CRPC. However, the toxicity of the dual PI3K inhibitors in clinical trials limits their clinical efficacy for CRPC. To solve this problem, we employed a highly integrated precision nanomedicine strategy to molecularly and physically target CRPC through synergistic effects, enhanced targeted drug delivery efficiency, and reduced unwanted side-effects. Gedatolisib (Ge), a potent inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR, was formulated into our disulfied-crosslinked micelle plateform (NanoGe), which exhibits excellent water solubility, small size (23.25±2 nm), excellent stability with redox stimulus-responsive disintegration, and preferential uptake at tumor sites. NanoGe improved the anti-neoplastic effect of free Ge by 53 times in PC-3M cells and 13 times in C4-2B cells though its enhanced uptake via caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytic pathways and the subsequent inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, resulting in Bax/Bcl-2 dependent apoptosis. In an animal xenograft model, NanoGe showed superior efficacy than free Ge, and synergized with nanoformulated cabazitaxel (NanoCa) as a nanococktail format to achieve a cure rate of 83%. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potency of NanoGe in combination with NanoCa is potent against prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Xiaocen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Chong-xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Tzu-yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Colaço BJA. An Overview of Current Alternative Models for Use in the Context of Prostate Cancer Research. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:58-69. [PMID: 32614643 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920929701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, particularly in elderly populations. To mitigate the expected increase in prostate cancer-related morbidity and mortality as a result of an expanding aged population, safer and more effective therapeutics are required. To this end, plenty of research is focusing on the mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and development, the metastatic process and on the discovery of new therapies. While animal models are used (mainly rats and mice) for the study of prostate cancer, alternative models and methods are increasingly being considered to replace, or at least reduce, the number of animals used in this particular field of research. In this review, we cover some of the alternative models that are currently available for use in the study of prostate cancer, including: mathematical models; 2-D and 3-D cell cultures; microfluidic devices; the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane-based model; and zebrafish embryo-based models. The main advantages and limitations, as well as some examples of applications, are given for each type of model. According to our analysis, immortalised cell lines are still the most commonly used models in the field of prostate cancer research. However, the use of alternative models for prostate cancer research will likely become more prevalent in the coming years partly because of the increasing societal pressure to reduce the numbers of laboratory animals. In this context, the development and dissemination of effective non-animal alternative models assumes particular relevance and will be instrumental in leveraging their success. Taking these perspectives into account, we believe that technological advances will lead to more effective cell culture systems, namely 3-D cultures or organ-on-a-chip devices, which can be used to replace animal-based models in prostate cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA/LAQV), Department of Chemistry, 56062University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, 386361University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Jorge Antunes Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, 56066University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu TT, Ewald JA, Ricke EA, Bell R, Collins C, Ricke WA. Modeling human prostate cancer progression in vitro. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:893-902. [PMID: 30590461 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed mechanisms involved in prostate cancer (CaP) development and progression are not well understood. Current experimental models used to study CaP are not well suited to address this issue. Previously, we have described the hormonal progression of non-tumorigenic human prostate epithelial cells (BPH1) into malignant cells via tissue recombination. Here, we describe a method to derive human cell lines from distinct stages of CaP that parallel cellular, genetic and epigenetic changes found in patients with cancers. This BPH1-derived Cancer Progression (BCaP) model represents different stages of cancer. Using diverse analytical strategies, we show that the BCaP model reproduces molecular characteristics of CaP in human patients. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BCaP cells have altered gene expression of shared pathways with human and transgenic mouse CaP data, as well as, increasing genomic instability with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in advanced tumor cells. Together, these cell lines represent a unique model of human CaP progression providing a novel tool that will allow the discovery and experimental validation of mechanisms regulating human CaP development and progression. This BPH1-derived Cancer Progression (BCaP) model represents different stages of cancer. The BCaP model reproduces molecular characteristics of prostate cancer. The cells have altered gene expression with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion representing a unique model for prostate cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan A Ewald
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emily A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert Bell
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Packeiser EM, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Thiemeyer H, Mohr A, Junginger J, Schille JT, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Characterization of six canine prostate adenocarcinoma and three transitional cell carcinoma cell lines derived from primary tumor tissues as well as metastasis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230272. [PMID: 32168360 PMCID: PMC7069630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of prostate and urinary bladder are highly invasive and metastatic tumors of closely neighbored organs. Cell lines are valuable tools to investigate tumor mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in vitro. PAC in dogs is infrequent, difficult to differentiate from TCC and usually characterized by poor prognosis, enhancing the value of the few available cell lines. However, as cell lines adapt to culturing conditions, a thorough characterization, ideally compared to original tissue, is indispensable. Herein, six canine PAC cell lines and three TCC cell lines were profiled by immunophenotype in comparison to respective original tumor tissues. Three of the six PAC cell lines were derived from primary tumor and metastases of the same patient. Further, two of the three TCC cell lines were derived from TCCs invading into or originating from the prostate. Cell biologic parameters as doubling times and chemoresistances to commonly used drugs in cancer treatment (doxorubicin, carboplatin and meloxicam) were assessed. All cell lines were immunohistochemically close to the respective original tissue. Compared to primary tumor cell lines, metastasis-derived cell lines were more chemoresistant to doxorubicin, but equally susceptive to carboplatin treatment. Two cell lines were multiresistant. COX-2 enzyme activity was demonstrated in all cell lines. However, meloxicam inhibited prostaglandin E2 production in only seven of nine cell lines and did neither influence metabolic activity, nor proliferation. The characterized nine cell lines represent excellent tools to investigate PAC as well as TCC in prostate and urinary bladder of the dog. Furthermore, the profiled paired cell lines from PAC primary tumor and metastasis provide the unique opportunity to investigate metastasis-associated changes PAC cells undergo in tumor progression. The combination of nine differently chemoresistant PAC and TCC cell lines resembles the heterogeneity of canine lower urinary tract cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Heike Thiemeyer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Mohr
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Junginger
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Torben Schille
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail: (HME); (IN)
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (HME); (IN)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Boutin S, Roy J, Maltais R, Poirier D. Formation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone from 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in prostate cancer LAPC-4 cells - Identifying inhibitors of non-classical pathways producing the most potent androgen. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126783. [PMID: 31753699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5α-Dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) possesses a great affinity for the androgen receptor (AR), and its binding to AR promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer (PC) cells in androgen-dependent PC. Primarily synthesized from testosterone (T) in testis, 5α-DHT could also be produced from 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol), an almost inactive androgen, following non-classical pathways. We reported the chemical synthesis of non-commercially available [4-14C]-3α-diol from [4-14C]-T, and the development of a biological assay to identify inhibitors of the 5α-DHT formation from radiolabeled 3α-diol in LAPC-4 cell PC model. We measured the inhibitory potency of 5α-androstane derivatives against the formation of 5α-DHT, and inhibition curves were obtained for the most potent compounds (IC50 = 1.2-14.1 μM). The most potent inhibitor 25 (IC50 = 1.2 μM) possesses a 4-(4-CF3-3-CH3O-benzyl)piperazinyl methyl side chain at C3β and 17β-OH/17α-CCH functionalities at C17 of a 5α-androstane core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Boutin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schille JT, Nolte I, Packeiser EM, Wiesner L, Hein JI, Weiner F, Wu XF, Beller M, Junghanss C, Murua Escobar H. Isoquinolinamine FX-9 Exhibits Anti-Mitotic Activity in Human and Canine Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225567. [PMID: 31703454 PMCID: PMC6888667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies are insufficient for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) in men and dogs. As human castrate-resistant PCa shares several characteristics with the canine disease, comparative evaluation of novel therapeutic agents is of considerable value for both species. Novel isoquinolinamine FX-9 exhibits antiproliferative activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines but has not been tested yet on any solid neoplasia type. In this study, FX-9′s mediated effects were characterized on two human (PC-3, LNCaP) and two canine (CT1258, 0846) PCa cell lines, as well as benign solid tissue cells. FX-9 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis with concentrations in the low micromolar range. Mediated effects were highly comparable between the PCa cell lines of both species, but less pronounced on non-malignant chondrocytes and fibroblasts. Interestingly, FX-9 exposure also leads to the formation and survival of enlarged multinucleated cells through mitotic slippage. Based on the results, FX-9 acts as an anti-mitotic agent with reduced cytotoxic activity in benign cells. The characterization of FX-9-induced effects on PCa cells provides a basis for in vivo studies with the potential of valuable transferable findings to the benefit of men and dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Torben Schille
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.W.); (J.I.H.); (C.J.)
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: (I.N.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.W.); (J.I.H.); (C.J.)
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Laura Wiesner
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.W.); (J.I.H.); (C.J.)
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Jens Ingo Hein
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.W.); (J.I.H.); (C.J.)
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Franziska Weiner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (X.-F.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (X.-F.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.W.); (J.I.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III-Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.T.S.); (E.-M.P.); (L.W.); (J.I.H.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence: (I.N.); (H.M.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo L, Shi D, Meng D, Shang M, Sun X, Zhou X, Liu X, Zhao Y, Li J. New FH peptide-modified ultrasonic nanobubbles for delivery of doxorubicin to cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2957-2971. [PMID: 31749406 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To synthesize and evaluate a novel FH peptide-modified ultrasonic nanobubble-loading doxorubicin (FH-NB-DOX) for specially cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) targeting and eradication. Materials & methods: The characteristics, cytotoxicity, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEUI), targeting ability and specially eradicating CAFs of these NBs were investigated. Results: FH-NB-DOX (about 208 nm) showed a good CEUI, and achieved higher targeting ability due to the conjunction ability of FH peptide to tenascin C protein high-level expressed in CAFs. Under ultrasound irradiation, FH-NB-DOX could delivery more DOX into CAFs, thus exhibited stronger eradication role compared with NB-DOX and free DOX. Conclusion: These new NBs, which combines the advantages of targeted theranostic agent and CEUI, is expected to be a potential approach for tumor therapy based on CAF targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling & Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yading Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang R, Chu GCY, Wang X, Wu JB, Hu P, Multani AS, Pathak S, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. Establishment and characterization of a prostate cancer cell line from a prostatectomy specimen for the study of cellular interaction. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2249-2259. [PMID: 31020641 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Though human prostate cancer (PCa) heterogeneity can best be studied using multiple cell types isolated from clinical specimens, the difficulty of establishing cell lines from clinical tumors has hampered this approach. In this proof-of-concept study, we established a human PCa cell line from a prostatectomy surgical specimen without the need for retroviral transduction. In a previous report, we characterized the stromal cells derived from PCa specimens. Here, we characterized the epithelial cells isolated from the same tumors. Compared to the ease of establishing prostate stromal cell lines, prostatic epithelial cell lines are challenging. From three matched pairs of normal and tumor tissues, we established one new PCa cell line, HPE-15. We confirmed the origin of HPE-15 cells by short tandem repeat microsatellite polymorphism analysis. HPE-15 cells are androgen-insensitive and express marginal androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen proteins. HPE-15 expresses luminal epithelial markers of E-cadherin and cytokeratin 18, basal cell markers of cytokeratin 5 and p63 and neuroendocrine marker of chromogranin A. Interestingly, HPE-15 Cells exhibited no tumorigenicity in different strains of immune-deficient mice but can become tumorigenic through interaction with aggressive cancer cell types. HPE-15 cells can thus serve as an experimental model for the study of PCa progression, metastasis and tumor cell dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gina C-Y Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jason B Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peizhen Hu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sen Pathak
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu Y, Tang L, Azabdaftari G, Pop E, Smith GJ. Adrenal androgens rescue prostatic dihydrotestosterone production and growth of prostate cancer cells after castration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:79-88. [PMID: 30807787 PMCID: PMC6438375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS) are potential substrates for intracrine production of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or directly to DHT, by prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Production of DHT from DHEAS and DHEA, and the role of steroid sulfatase (STS), were evaluated ex vivo using fresh human prostate tissue and in vitro using human PCa cell lines. STS was expressed in benign prostate tissue and PCa tissue. DHEAS at a physiological concentration was converted to DHT in prostate tissue and PCa cell lines, which was STS-dependent. DHEAS activation of androgen receptor (AR) and stimulation of PCa cell growth were STS-dependent. DHEA at a physiological concentration was not converted to DHT ex vivo and in vitro, but stimulated in vivo tumor growth of the human PCa cell line, VCaP, in castrated mice. The findings suggest that targeting metabolism of DHEAS and DHEA may enhance androgen deprivation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Elena Pop
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Namekawa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Application of Prostate Cancer Models for Preclinical Study: Advantages and Limitations of Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenografts, and Three-Dimensional Culture of Patient-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010074. [PMID: 30669516 PMCID: PMC6357050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various preclinical models have been developed to clarify the pathophysiology of prostate cancer (PCa). Traditional PCa cell lines from clinical metastatic lesions, as exemplified by DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells, are useful tools to define mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Cell line-based experiments, however, have limitations for preclinical studies because those cells are basically adapted to 2-dimensional monolayer culture conditions, in which the majority of primary PCa cells cannot survive. Recent tissue engineering enables generation of PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from both primary and metastatic lesions. Compared with fresh PCa tissue transplantation in athymic mice, co-injection of PCa tissues with extracellular matrix in highly immunodeficient mice has remarkably improved the success rate of PDX generation. PDX models have advantages to appropriately recapitulate the molecular diversity, cellular heterogeneity, and histology of original patient tumors. In contrast to PDX models, patient-derived organoid and spheroid PCa models in 3-dimensional culture are more feasible tools for in vitro studies for retaining the characteristics of patient tumors. In this article, we review PCa preclinical model cell lines and their sublines, PDXs, and patient-derived organoid and spheroid models. These PCa models will be applied to the development of new strategies for cancer precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
McCray T, Richards Z, Marsili J, Prins GS, Nonn L. Handling and Assessment of Human Primary Prostate Organoid Culture. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30735176 DOI: 10.3791/59051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a detailed protocol for three-dimensional (3D) culturing, handling, and evaluation of human primary prostate organoids. The process involves seeding of epithelial cells sparsely in a 3D matrix gel on a 96-well microplate with media changes to cultivate expansion into organoids. Morphology is then assessed by whole-well capturing of z-stack images. Compression of z-stacks creates a single in-focus image from which organoids are measured to quantify a variety of outputs, including circularity, roundness, and area.DNA, RNA, and protein can be collected from organoids recovered from the matrix gel. Cell populations of interest can be assessed by organoid dissociation and flow cytometry. Formalin-fixation-paraffin-embedding (FFPE) followed by sectioning is used for the histological assessment and antibody staining. Whole-mount immunofluorescent staining preserves organoid morphology and facilitates observation of protein localization in organoids in situ. Commercial assays that are traditionally used for 2D monolayer cells can be modified for 3D organoids. Used together, the techniques in this protocol provide a robust toolbox to quantify prostate organoid growth, morphologic characteristics, and expression of differentiation markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara McCray
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Joseph Marsili
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago; Departments of Urology, Physiology, and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago; University of Illinois Cancer Center
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago; University of Illinois Cancer Center;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wada A, Terashima T, Kageyama S, Yoshida T, Narita M, Kawauchi A, Kojima H. Efficient Prostate Cancer Therapy with Tissue-Specific Homing Peptides Identified by Advanced Phage Display Technology. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 12:138-146. [PMID: 30788426 PMCID: PMC6369249 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Selective targeting of drugs to tumor cells is a key goal in oncology. Here, we performed an in vivo phage display to identify peptides that specifically target xenografted prostate cancer cells. This yielded three peptide candidates, LN1 (C-TGTPARQ-C), LN2 (C-KNSMFAT-C), and LN3 (C-TNKHSPK-C); each of these peptides was synthesized and evaluated for binding and biological activity. LN1 showed the highest avidity for LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro and was thus administered to tumor-bearing mice to evaluate in vivo binding. Strikingly, LN1 specifically bound to the tumor tissue and exhibited very low reactivity with normal liver and kidney tissues. To demonstrate that LN1 could specifically deliver drugs to prostate cancer tissue, a therapeutic peptide, LN1-KLA (C-TGTPARQ-C-GGG-D[KLAKLAK]2), was prepared and used to treat LNCaP cells in vitro and was also administered to tumor-bearing mice. The therapeutic peptide significantly suppressed growth of the cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our study shows that a selective homing peptide strategy could facilitate cell-specific targeting of therapeutics while avoiding adverse reactions in normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Wada
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Narita
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parsons TK, Pratt RN, Tang L, Wu Y. An active and selective molecular mechanism mediating the uptake of sex steroids by prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:121-131. [PMID: 29928927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones play important roles in normal physiological functions and diseases. Sex steroids hormones are important in the biology and treatment of sex hormone-related cancer such as prostate cancer and breast cancer. Cells may take up steroids using multiple mechanisms. The conventionally accepted hypothesis that steroids cross cell membrane through passive diffusion has not been tested rigorously. Experimental data suggested that cells may take up sex steroid using an active uptake mechanism. 3H-testosterone uptake by prostate cancer cells showed typical transporter-mediated uptake kinetic. Cells retained testosterone taken up from the medium. The uptake of testosterone was selective for certain steroid hormones but not others. Data also indicated that the active and selective uptake mechanism resided in cholesterol-rich membrane domains, and may involve ATP and membrane transporters. In summary, the present study provided strong evidence to support the existence of an active and selective molecular mechanism for sex steroid uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd K Parsons
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Rachel N Pratt
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Beshiri ML, Tice CM, Tran C, Nguyen HM, Sowalsky AG, Agarwal S, Jansson KH, Yang Q, McGowen KM, Yin J, Alilin AN, Karzai FH, Dahut WL, Corey E, Kelly K. A PDX/Organoid Biobank of Advanced Prostate Cancers Captures Genomic and Phenotypic Heterogeneity for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Screening. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4332-4345. [PMID: 29748182 PMCID: PMC6125202 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Prostate cancer translational research has been hampered by the lack of comprehensive and tractable models that represent the genomic landscape of clinical disease. Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) recapitulate the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the disease. We sought to establish a representative, preclinical platform of PDX-derived organoids that is experimentally facile for high-throughput and mechanistic analysis.Experimental Design: Using 20 models from the LuCaP mCRPC PDX cohort, including adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine lineages, we systematically tested >20 modifications to prostate organoid conditions. Organoids were evaluated for genomic and phenotypic stability and continued reliance on the AR signaling pathway. The utility of the platform as a genotype-dependent model of drug sensitivity was tested with olaparib and carboplatin.Results: All PDX models proliferated as organoids in culture. Greater than 50% could be continuously cultured long-term in modified conditions; however, none of the PDXs could be established long-term as organoids under previously reported conditions. In addition, the modified conditions improved the establishment of patient biopsies over current methods. The genomic heterogeneity of the PDXs was conserved in organoids. Lineage markers and transcriptomes were maintained between PDXs and organoids. Dependence on AR signaling was preserved in adenocarcinoma organoids, replicating a dominant characteristic of CRPC. Finally, we observed maximum cytotoxicity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in BRCA2-/- organoids, similar to responses observed in patients.Conclusions: The LuCaP PDX/organoid models provide an expansive, genetically characterized platform to investigate the mechanisms of pathogenesis as well as therapeutic responses and their molecular correlates in mCRPC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4332-45. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Beshiri
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caitlin M Tice
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal Tran
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Holly M Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Supreet Agarwal
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keith H Jansson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qi Yang
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kerry M McGowen
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - JuanJuan Yin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aian Neil Alilin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fatima H Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tu C, Fiandalo MV, Pop E, Stocking JJ, Azabdaftari G, Li J, Wei H, Ma D, Qu J, Mohler JL, Tang L, Wu Y. Proteomic Analysis of Charcoal-Stripped Fetal Bovine Serum Reveals Changes in the Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2963-2977. [PMID: 30014700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (CS-FBS) is commonly used to study androgen responsiveness and androgen metabolism in cultured prostate cancer (CaP) cells. Switching CaP cells from FBS to CS-FBS may reduce the activity of androgen receptor (AR), inhibit cell proliferation, or modulate intracellular androgen metabolism. The removal of proteins by charcoal stripping may cause changes in biological functions and has not yet been investigated. Here we profiled proteins in FBS and CS-FBS using an ion-current-based quantitative platform consisting of reproducible surfactant-aided precipitation/on-pellet digestion, long-column nanoliquid chromatography separation, and ion-current-based analysis. A total of 143 proteins were identified in FBS, among which 14 proteins including insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -6 were reduced in CS-FBS. IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor were sensitized to IGFs in CS-FBS. IGF-1 and IGF-2 stimulation fully compensated for the loss of AR activity to maintain cell growth in CS-FBS. Endogenous production of IGF and IGFBPs was verified in CaP cells and clinical CaP specimens. This study provided the most comprehensive protein profiles of FBS and CS-FBS and offered an opportunity to identify new protein regulators and signaling pathways that regulate AR activity, androgen metabolism, and proliferation of CaP cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , State University of New York at Buffalo , 285 Kapoor Hall , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Michael V Fiandalo
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - Elena Pop
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - John J Stocking
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , State University of New York at Buffalo , 285 Kapoor Hall , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Hua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital , Second Military Medical University , 415 Fengyang Road , Shanghai 200003 , China
| | - Danjun Ma
- College of Mechanical Engineering , Dongguan University of Technology , 1 Daxue Road , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , State University of New York at Buffalo , 285 Kapoor Hall , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control , Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Elm and Carlton Streets , Buffalo , New York 14263 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Licon-Munoz Y, Fordyce CA, Hayek SR, Parra KJ. V-ATPase-dependent repression of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28921-28934. [PMID: 29988966 PMCID: PMC6034745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of death for men in the United States. Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) expression is a desirable mechanism to manage PCa. Our studies showed that AR expression was reduced in LAPC4 and LNCaP PCa cell lines treated with nanomolar concentrations of the V-ATPase inhibitor concanamycin A (CCA). This treatment decreased PSA mRNA levels, indicative of reduced AR activity. V-ATPase-dependent repression of AR expression was linked to defective endo-lysosomal pH regulation and reduced AR expression at the transcriptional level. CCA treatment increased the protein level and nuclear localization of the alpha subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1 (HIF-1α) in PCa cells via decreased hydroxylation and degradation of HIF-1α. The addition of iron (III) citrate restored HIF-1α hydroxylation and decreased total HIF-1α levels in PCa cells treated with CCA. Moreover, iron treatment partially rescued CCA-mediated AR repression. Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), which prevents HIF-1α degradation independently of V-ATPase, also decreased AR levels, supporting our hypothesis that HIF-1α serves as a downstream mediator in the V-ATPase-AR axis. We propose a new V-ATPase-dependent mechanism to inhibit androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells involving defective endosomal trafficking of iron and the inhibition of HIF-1 α-subunit turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamhilette Licon-Munoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Colleen A Fordyce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Summer Raines Hayek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Karlett J Parra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sekine Y, Nakayama H, Miyazawa Y, Kato H, Furuya Y, Arai S, Koike H, Matsui H, Shibata Y, Ito K, Suzuki K. Simvastatin in combination with meclofenamic acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells via an AKR1C3 mechanism. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3167-3172. [PMID: 29435052 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have become of interest in research due to their anticancer effects. However, the exact mechanism of their anticancer properties remains unclear. The authors previously reported that statins decrease intracellular cholesterol levels in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. In de novo androgen synthesis, cholesterol is the primary material and certain enzymes have important roles. The present study aimed to determine whether simvastatin alters the expression of androgen synthesis-associated enzymes in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. A novel combination therapy of statins and other drugs that inhibit the overexpression of enzymes involved in androgen synthesis was explored. The cytotoxicity of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid was assessed in prostate cancer cells using MTS and migration assays. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in the culture medium were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RAC-α-serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation was detected by western blot analysis. Following treatment with simvastatin, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) expression increased in PC-3 (>60-fold) and LNCaP-LA cells, however not in 22Rv1 cells. Small interfering (si)RNA was used to clarify the effects of AKR1C3 expression. The reduction in AKR1C3 expression in PC-3 cells following siRNA transfection was not associated with basal cell proliferation and migration; however, treatment with simvastatin decreased cell proliferation and migration. The combination of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid, an AKR1C3 inhibitor, further enhanced the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration compared with treatment with either drug alone. Furthermore, treatment with simvastatin attenuated insulin-like growth factor 1-induced Akt activation; however, the combination of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid further inhibited Akt activation. These results suggest that the combination of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid may be an effective strategy for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Sekine
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Haruo Kato
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yosuke Furuya
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Seiji Arai
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Koike
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shibata
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ito
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Licon-Munoz Y, Michel V, Fordyce CA, Parra KJ. F-actin reorganization by V-ATPase inhibition in prostate cancer. Biol Open 2017; 6:1734-1744. [PMID: 29038303 PMCID: PMC5703614 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump sustains cellular pH homeostasis, and its inhibition triggers numerous stress responses. However, the cellular mechanisms involved remain largely elusive in cancer cells. We studied V-ATPase in the prostate cancer (PCa) cell line PC-3, which has characteristics of highly metastatic PCa. V-ATPase inhibitors impaired endo-lysosomal pH, vesicle trafficking, migration, and invasion. V-ATPase accrual in the Golgi and recycling endosomes suggests that traffic of internalized membrane vesicles back to the plasma membrane was particularly impaired. Directed movement provoked co-localization of V-ATPase containing vesicles with F-actin near the leading edge of migrating cells. V-ATPase inhibition prompted prominent F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Filopodial projections were reduced, which related to reduced migration velocity. F-actin formed novel cytoplasmic rings. F-actin rings increased with extended exposure to sublethal concentrations of V-ATPase inhibitors, from 24 to 48 h, as the amount of alkalinized endo-lysosomal vesicles increased. Studies with chloroquine indicated that F-actin rings formation was pH-dependent. We hypothesize that these novel F-actin rings assemble to overcome widespread traffic defects caused by V-ATPase inhibition, similar to F-actin rings on the surface of exocytic organelles. Summary: V-ATPase activates multiple stress responses. In prostate cancer, sub-lethal concentrations of V-ATPase inhibitors trigger widespread traffic defects. F-actin assembles into rings that mimic those seen during regulated exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamhilette Licon-Munoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Vera Michel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Colleen A Fordyce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Karlett J Parra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bluemn EG, Coleman IM, Lucas JM, Coleman RT, Hernandez-Lopez S, Tharakan R, Bianchi-Frias D, Dumpit RF, Kaipainen A, Corella AN, Yang YC, Nyquist MD, Mostaghel E, Hsieh AC, Zhang X, Corey E, Brown LG, Nguyen HM, Pienta K, Ittmann M, Schweizer M, True LD, Wise D, Rennie PS, Vessella RL, Morrissey C, Nelson PS. Androgen Receptor Pathway-Independent Prostate Cancer Is Sustained through FGF Signaling. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:474-489.e6. [PMID: 29017058 PMCID: PMC5750052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a distinctive feature of prostate carcinoma (PC) and represents the major therapeutic target for treating metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). Though highly effective, AR antagonism can produce tumors that bypass a functional requirement for AR, often through neuroendocrine (NE) transdifferentiation. Through the molecular assessment of mPCs over two decades, we find a phenotypic shift has occurred in mPC with the emergence of an AR-null NE-null phenotype. These "double-negative" PCs are notable for elevated FGF and MAPK pathway activity, which can bypass AR dependence. Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK or FGFR repressed the growth of double-negative PCs in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that FGF/MAPK blockade may be particularly efficacious against mPCs with an AR-null phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Bluemn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Jared M Lucas
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Roger T Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Susana Hernandez-Lopez
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Robin Tharakan
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Daniella Bianchi-Frias
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Ruth F Dumpit
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Arja Kaipainen
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Alexandra N Corella
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Yu Chi Yang
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Michael D Nyquist
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Elahe Mostaghel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisha G Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Holly M Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Wise
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mailstop D4-100, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tonry C, Armstrong J, Pennington SR. Probing the prostate tumour microenvironment I: impact of glucose deprivation on a cell model of prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14374-14394. [PMID: 28086232 PMCID: PMC5362412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developed world, prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in men. Although prostate cancer initially presents as a non life-threatening disease, 90% of patients will develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which preludes distant metastasis and is largely accountable for prostate cancer associated deaths. This is because as yet, there are no viable molecular therapeutic targets for effective treatment of CRPC. It is now widely accepted that cancer cells can alter their metabolic profile during the course of tumourgenesis and metastasis such that they are able to survive in oxygen and nutrient-poor environments. This work was aimed towards gaining greater mechanistic understanding of how such 'stresses' in the tumour microenvironment impact on both androgen sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen independent (LNCaP-abl and LNCaP-abl-Hof) prostate cancer cell lines. Here we have applied technically robust and reproducible label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis for comprehensive proteomic profiling of prostate cancer cell lines under nutrient deficient (low glucose) conditions. This led to the identification of approximately 4,000 proteins - one of the largest protein datasets for prostate cancer cell lines established to date. The biological and clinical significance of proteins showing a significant change in expression as result of low glucose conditions was established. Novel, intuitive workflows were subsequently implemented to ensure the verification of selected proteins of interest in a robust, reproducible and high throughput manner. Overall, these data suggest that this strategy supports identification of protein biomarkers of prostate cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets for CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tonry
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen R Pennington
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
McLean DT, Strand DW, Ricke WA. Prostate cancer xenografts and hormone induced prostate carcinogenesis. Differentiation 2017; 97:23-32. [PMID: 28923776 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advancement of transgenic and gene knockout animal models in the prostate cancer research, there is still a need for utilizing xenograft models. Xenografts can be grown in multiple sites/organs within immunocompromised animals such as mice and rats. Although prostate xenografts have been derived from many species, human cells and tissues are the most commonly used due to their potential clinical significance. Xenograft models that progress from one state or stage to another are commonly used to address important scientific questions including malignant transformation, metastatic spread, and castration resistance. Utilization of xenografts are commonly being used to assess the biology and genetics of prostate cancer, as well as, for therapeutic benefit. In addition to models for the study of prostate cancer, xenografts are also utilized as a tool in precision medicine where patient derived xenografts (PDX) can be grown in multiple animals and assessed for therapeutic efficacy. The popularity of such xenograft models and PDXs have led to availability of these resources through public and commercial institutions. In this review, we describe both traditional and emerging models of prostate cancer and their potential uses. Further development of current models and introduction of new models will likely provide new insights and better understanding of prostatic carcinogenesis and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T McLean
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kenmogne LC, Roy J, Maltais R, Rouleau M, Neveu B, Pouliot F, Poirier D. Investigation of the In Vitro and In Vivo efficiency of RM-532-105, a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 inhibitor, in LAPC-4 prostate cancer cell and tumor models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171871. [PMID: 28182747 PMCID: PMC5300232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fight against androgen-sensitive prostate cancer, the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is an attractive therapeutic target considering its key role in the formation of androgenic steroids. In this study, we attempted to assess the in vivo efficacy of the compound RM-532-105, an androsterone derivative developed as an inhibitor of 17β-HSD3, in the prostate cancer model of androgen-sensitive LAPC-4 cells xenografted in nude mice. RM-532-105 did not inhibit the tumor growth induced by 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione); rather, the levels of the androgens testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased within the tumors. In plasma, however, DHT levels increased but T levels did not. In troubleshooting experiments, the non-androgenic potential of RM-532-105 was confirmed by two different assays (LAPC-4 proliferation and androgen receptor transcriptional activity assays). The enzyme 5α-reductase was also revealed to be the predominant enzyme metabolizing 4-dione in LAPC-4 cells, yielding 5α-androstane-3,17-dione and not T. Other 17β-HSDs than 17β-HSD3 seem responsible in the androgen synthesis. From experiments with LAPC-4 cells, we fortuitously came across the interesting finding that 17β-HSD3 inhibitor RM-532-105 is concentrated inside tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Carolle Kenmogne
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Rouleau
- CHU de Québec - Research Center, Axe Cancer, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Neveu
- CHU de Québec - Research Center, Axe Cancer, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- CHU de Québec - Research Center, Axe Cancer, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Center (CHUL, T4), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cortés-Benítez F, Roy J, Maltais R, Poirier D. Impact of androstane A- and D-ring inversion on 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 inhibitory activity, androgenic effect and metabolic stability. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2065-2073. [PMID: 28254377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is a major player in human endocrinology, being one of the most important enzymes involved in testosterone production. To capitalize on the discovery of RM-532-105, a steroidal 17β-HSD3 inhibitor, we explored the effect of its backbone configuration on inhibitory activity, androgenic profile, and metabolic stability. Two modifications that greatly alter the natural shape of steroids, i.e. inversion of the methyl on carbon 13 (13α-CH3 instead of 13β-CH3) and inversion of the hydrogen on carbon 5 (5β-H instead of 5α-H), were tested after the syntheses in 6 steps of 2 isomeric forms (5α/13α-RM-532-105 (6a) and 5β/13β-RM-532-105 (6b), respectively) of the 17β-HSD3 inhibitor RM-532-105 (5α/13β-configurations). For compound 6b, a cis/trans junction of the A/B rings did not significantly alter the inhibitory activity on 17β-HSD3 (IC50=0.15μM) as well as the liver microsomal stability (16.6% of 6b remaining after 1h incubation) compared to RM-532-105 (IC50=0.11μM and 14.1% remaining). In contrast, a trans/cis junction of C/D rings reduced the inhibitory activity on 17β-HSD3 (IC50=1.09μM) but increased the metabolic stability with 29.4% of compound 6a remaining after incubation. The structural modifications represented by compounds 6a and 6b did not change the non-androgenicity profile of an androsterone derivative such as RM-532-105, but slightly increased its cytotoxic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cortés-Benítez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li B, Li C. Suppression of Prostate Cancer Metastasis by DPYSL3-Targeted saRNA. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4310-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
48
|
An enzyme-responsive conjugate improves the delivery of a PI3K inhibitor to prostate cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:2373-2381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
49
|
Ellis L, Ku S, Li Q, Azabdaftari G, Seliski J, Olson B, Netherby CS, Tang DG, Abrams SI, Goodrich DW, Pili R. Generation of a C57BL/6 MYC-Driven Mouse Model and Cell Line of Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2016; 76:1192-202. [PMID: 27225803 PMCID: PMC6123824 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transgenic mouse modeling is a favorable tool to reflect human prostate tumorigenesis and interactions between prostate cancer and the microenvironment. The use of GEMMs and derived cell lines represent powerful tools to study prostate cancer initiation and progression with an associated tumor microenvironment. Notably, such models provide the capacity for rapid preclinical therapy studies including immune therapies for prostate cancer treatment. METHODS Backcrossing FVB Hi-MYC mice with C57BL/6N mice, we established a Hi-MYC transgenic mouse model on a C57BL/6 background (B6MYC). In addition, using a conditional reprogramming method, a novel C57BL/6 MYC driven prostate adenocarcinoma cell line was generated. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that disease progression is significantly delayed in B6MYC when compared to their FVB counterparts. Current data also indicates infiltrating immune cells are present in pre-cancer lesions, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Further, immunophenotyping of this immune infiltrate demonstrates the predominant population as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Also, we successfully generated a B6MYC-CaP cell line, and determined that this new PCa cell line express markers of luminal epithelial lineage. DISCUSSION This novel model of PCa provides a new platform to understand the cross talk between MYC driven prostate cancer and the microenvironment. Importantly, these models will be an ideal tool to support the clinical development of immunotherapy as well as other novel therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer treatment. Prostate 76:1192-1202, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ellis
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - ShengYu Ku
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph Seliski
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brian Olson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Dean G. Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - David W. Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Roberto Pili
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fibroblasts prolong serum prostate-specific antigen decline after androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2016; 96:338-49. [PMID: 26641067 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with prostate cancer (PCa), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful marker for evaluating the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Intuitively, most urologists expect that a more rapid PSA decline in response to ADT would be positively associated with extended survival. Recently, we have reported that prolonged gradual serum PSA decline after ADT is strongly associated with favorable prognosis in PCa patients, however, the mechanism remains unknown. We investigated the role of fibroblasts in serum PSA decline after ADT. We performed in vitro experiments using androgen-sensitive, androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate epithelial cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, and RWPE-1 cells), commercially available prostate stromal cells (PrSC), and primary cultures of prostate fibroblasts (pcPrFs). In LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells, PSA production was increased by co-culture with fibroblasts under androgen-deprived conditions. In an in vivo model using LNCaP cells, serum PSA declined rapidly after ADT becoming undetectable within 14 days in mice inoculated with LNCaP cells alone. In contrast, when LNCaP cells were co-inoculated with fibroblasts, serum PSA levels were still high on 14 days post ADT and did not drop to undetectable levels until 21 days post ADT. Tumor volumes and Ki67 labeling indices were not altered between days 14 and 21 post ADT in mice inoculated with LNCaP cells; however, those in mice inoculated with LNCaP cells plus fibroblasts decreased gradually. PSA protein was detected in all tumors on 21 days post ADT by immunohistochemical staining. Microvessel densities were higher on 14 days post ADT for tumors from mice inoculated with LNCaP cells plus fibroblasts as compared with LNCaP cells alone. In summary, co-inoculation of fibroblasts with LNCaP cells prolonged serum PSA decline after ADT and enhanced the efficacy of ADT. Prolonged serum PSA decline may indicate the presence of protective fibroblasts that preserve the AR dependence of PCa cells, improving treatment efficacy.
Collapse
|