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Mazhar MU, Naz S, Khan JZ, Azam S, Ghazanfar S, Tipu MK. Protective potential of Bacillus subtilis (NMCC-path-14) against extraarticular manifestations during acute and sub-acute phase of arthritis using mice model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150708. [PMID: 39298918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Extra-articular manifestations (EAM), which are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), affect the quality of life of patients and are one of the critical causes of early mortality. This study was aimed at investigating whether Bacillus subtilis NMCC-path-14 (1 × 108 CFU/animal/day) could serve as a valuable therapeutic agent in managing EAM using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis during acute and sub-acute phases. Arthritis was induced using intra-dermal administration of CFA in the right hind paw of mice on day 1. Dexamethasone (Dexa) (5 mg/kg/day/animal) was used as a standard treatment. Animals in Dexa and Bacillus subtilis concurrent treatment (BS-CT) received treatments on day 1. The Bacillus subtilis pre-treatment (BS-PT) group received a probiotic dose 7 days before arthritis induction. Parameters like body weight, relative organ weight, colon length, hematology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and histopathology of liver, kidney, spleen, colon, stress-related behavioral changes, and cortisol levels were evaluated on days 7 (acute) and 14 (sub-acute). Dexa failed to manage the EAM in arthritic mice and instead exacerbated them. On the other hand, B. subtilis NMCC-path-14 significantly declined EAM with no notable side effects, highlighting its safety and effectiveness. The current data show that B. subtilis NMCC-path-14 may be an alternative option for arthritis treatment that can reduce systemic symptoms associated with arthritis. More studies are required to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of mitigating the EAM by B. subtilis NMCC-path-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Jehan Zeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Azam
- Department of Pathology, Fazaia Medical College, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Khalid Tipu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Emelyantsev S, Prazdnova E, Chistyakov V. Solubilizer of bacterial origin surfactin increases the biological activity of C 60 fullerene. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 39256931 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there exists conflicting data regarding the biological activity of unmodified fullerene C60. Various sources report its toxicity, geroprotective activity, and potential interaction with DNA. Contradictory findings regarding the toxicity of C60 may arise from the use of toxic solvents, as well as the influence of bioavailability and bioactivity on the preparation conditions of C60 suspensions. Furthermore, the microbiota of experimental animals can impact geroprotective activity results by releasing surfactants that facilitate substance penetration through the cell membrane. In this study, we selected conditions for solubilizing fullerene C60 in a solution of surfactin, a surfactant of bacterial origin, as well as in a 2% aqueous solution of TWEEN 80, employing ultrasound. Through bioluminescent analysis using lux biosensors in Escherichia coli MG1655, we observed that C60 in surfactin reduced induced genotoxic and oxidative stress. Given that surfactin enhances membrane permeability to fullerene C60, suspensions of fullerene in designated concentrations of surfactin can be regarded as a DNA protector and antioxidant, warranting further investigation as a promising component of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Emelyantsev
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Prazdnova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chistyakov
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Dhakephalkar T, Pisu V, Margale P, Chandras S, Shetty D, Wagh S, Dagar SS, Kapse N, Dhakephalkar PK. Strain-Dependent Adhesion Variations of Shouchella clausii Isolated from Healthy Human Volunteers: A Study on Cell Surface Properties and Potential Probiotic Benefits. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1771. [PMID: 39338446 PMCID: PMC11434523 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The probiotic potential of Shouchella clausii is widely recognized, but little is known about its adhesive properties. Hence, this study aims to investigate the adhesion potential and cell surface properties of four human-origin S. clausii strains (B619/R, B603/Nb, B106, and B637/Nm). We evaluated epithelial adhesion, Extracellular Matrix (ECM) binding, aggregation ability, and cell surface hydrophobicity and used genome analysis for validation. Our results demonstrate that adhesion capability is a strain-specific attribute, with significant variations observed among the four strains. B619/R, B603/Nb, and B106 displayed stronger adhesion properties than B637/Nm. Supplementary adhesion assays showed that B637/Nm displayed high hydrophobicity, significant auto-aggregation, and significant mucin-binding abilities. Conversely, B619/R, B603/Nb, and B106 had mildly hydrophobic surfaces and low aggregation abilities. Genome annotation revealed the presence of various adhesion proteins in four strains. Notably, the reduced adhesion potential of B637/Nm was supported by the absence of the cell wall surface anchor family protein (LPxTG motif), which is crucial for interactions with intestinal epithelial cells or mucus components. Further, docking studies provided insights into the interaction of adhesion proteins with gut mucins. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how S. clausii strains interact with the gut environment, facilitating the development of probiotic formulations tailored for improved gut health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Dhakephalkar
- Hi Tech BioSciences India Ltd., Research & Development Centre, Plot No. 6 and 8, Ambadvet Industrial Estate, PO Paud, Pune 412108, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaidehi Pisu
- Bioenergy Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Rd., Aundh, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prajakta Margale
- Bioenergy Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhi Chandras
- Bioenergy Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Rd., Aundh, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepa Shetty
- Bioenergy Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Wagh
- Hi Tech BioSciences India Ltd., Research & Development Centre, Plot No. 6 and 8, Ambadvet Industrial Estate, PO Paud, Pune 412108, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Singh Dagar
- Bioenergy Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Rd., Aundh, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neelam Kapse
- Bioenergy Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant K Dhakephalkar
- Bioenergy Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Rd., Aundh, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
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Mazhar MU, Naz S, Zulfiqar T, Khan JZ, Ghazanfar S, Tipu MK. Immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potential of Bacillus subtilis (NMCC-path-14) in comparison to dexamethasone in alleviating CFA-induced arthritis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3275-3299. [PMID: 37930392 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate and compare efficacy as well as safety of Bacillus subtilis and dexamethasone (Dexa) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis, we used glucocorticoid monotherapy (Dexa 5 mg/kg/day) and B. subtilis (1 × 108 CFU/animal/day p.o) as pre-treatment and concurrent treatment for a duration of 35 days. Specific emphasis was on chronic aspect of this study since long-term use of Dexa is known to produce undesirable side effects. Treatment with Dexa significantly attenuated the arthritic symptoms but produced severe side effects like weight loss, increased mortality, immunosuppression, and altered histology of liver, kidney, and spleen. Oxidative stress was also elevated by Dexa in these organs which contributed to the damage. Treatment with B. subtilis improved symptoms of arthritis without producing any deleterious side effects as seen with Dexa therapy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) profile revealed decreased expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression by B. subtilis and Dexa treatment in ankle joint of arthritic mice. Radiological scores were also improved by both treatments. This study concludes that B. subtilis could be an effective alternative for treating arthritis than Dexa since it does not produce life-threatening side effects on prolong treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Mazhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Zulfiqar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Zeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Tipu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Dang HT, Tran DM, Phung TTB, Bui ATP, Vu YH, Luong MT, Nguyen HM, Trinh HT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen AH, Van Nguyen AT. Promising clinical and immunological efficacy of Bacillus clausii spore probiotics for supportive treatment of persistent diarrhea in children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6422. [PMID: 38494525 PMCID: PMC10944834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent diarrhea is a severe gastroenteric disease with relatively high risk of pediatric mortality in developing countries. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of liquid-form Bacillus clausii spore probiotics (LiveSpo CLAUSY; 2 billion CFU/5 mL ampoule) at high dosages of 4-6 ampoules a day in supporting treatment of children with persistent diarrhea. Our findings showed that B. clausii spores significantly improved treatment outcomes, resulting in a 2-day shorter recovery period (p < 0.05) and a 1.5-1.6 folds greater efficacy in reducing diarrhea symptoms, such as high frequency of bowel movement of ≥ 3 stools a day, presence of fecal mucus, and diapered infant stool scale types 4-5B. LiveSpo CLAUSY supportive treatment achieved 3 days (p < 0.0001) faster recovery from diarrhea disease, with 1.6-fold improved treatment efficacy. At day 5 of treatment, a significant decrease in blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 by 3.24% (p = 0.0409), 29.76% (p = 0.0001), and 10.87% (p = 0.0036), respectively, was observed in the Clausy group. Simultaneously, there was a significant 37.97% decrease (p = 0.0326) in the excreted IgA in stool at day 5 in the Clausy group. Overall, the clinical study demonstrates the efficacy of B. clausii spores (LiveSpo CLAUSY) as an effective symptomatic treatment and immunomodulatory agent for persistent diarrhea in children.Trial registration: NCT05812820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thuy Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dien Minh Tran
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Bich Phung
- Department of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Thi Phuong Bui
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yen Hai Vu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thi Luong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hang Minh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Trinh
- Department of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham Thi Nguyen
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Hoa Nguyen
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- LiveSpo Pharma Ltd. Company, N03T5, Ngoai Giao Doan Urban, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Thi Van Nguyen
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Khan MN, Bashir S, Imran M. Probiotic characterization of Bacillus species strains isolated from an artisanal fermented milk product Dahi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:757-769. [PMID: 37055653 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dahi, an artisanal fermented milk product, widely consumed in Pakistan, is microbiologically diverse, and many bacterial communities await investigation. The current study is first to present probiotic assessment of Bacillus species strains isolated from dahi. Based on 49 identified strains assessed, only 6 strains, i.e., Bacillus licheniformis QAUBL19, QAUBL1901, and QAUBL1902; Bacillus mycoides QAUBM19 and QAUBM1901; and Bacillus subtilis QAUBSS1 were having prominent persistence in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids, being non-hemolytic, with no DNase activity. Probiotic characteristics, cholesterol-assimilating, and carbohydrate-fermenting capabilities were assessed for all the strains. These six strains each showed variant cholesterol assimilating abilities. B. licheniformis QAUBL19 retaining most desired probiotic traits presented both notable cholesterol assimilating and bile salt hydrolase activities. It can be used as a probiotic of choice with hypocholesterolemia ability. B. subtilis QAUBSS1 showed wide carbohydrate fermentation ability and strongest antibacterial potential. It is likely to be considered a probiotic for living beings and starter culture for fermentation of food/feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Bashir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Dixit Y, Kanojiya K, Bhingardeve N, Ahire JJ, Saroj D. Identification and characterisation of antimicrobial compound produced by probiotic Alkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1737-1743. [PMID: 37498465 PMCID: PMC10485225 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Alkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE was evaluated for the production of antimicrobial compounds, their characterisation, and identification. The results showed that, 48-h-old A. clausii supernatant is able to inhibit the growth of indicator bacteria Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106T (7.0 ± 0.51 mm). The cultivation of 088AE on solid media along with XAD16N beads for 5 days, and isopropanol extraction of antimicrobial compound thereof showed enhanced antimicrobial activity (19.67 ± 0.58 mm) against indicator strain. Further purification with a reversed-phase C18 cartridge yielded a powder with 389.12 ± 10.08 μg of protein per mg. The UV spectra of the sample revealed the characteristic aromatic amino acid peaks at 262 and 276 nm. The results of triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry showed a peak of 1055 m/z, confirming the existence of 10542+, i.e., 2108 Da, suggestive of class I lantibiotic clausin. Furthermore, in silico analysis confirmed the presence of genes responsible for the production of lanthipeptide clausin. The clausin is stable in the presence of proteases (trypsin and pepsin), high temperature (100 °C), pH up to 11 and showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, M. luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P. Therefore, it could be useful to control gut infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Dixit
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Limited, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane West, Maharashtra, 400 604, India
| | - Khushboo Kanojiya
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Limited, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane West, Maharashtra, 400 604, India
| | - Namrata Bhingardeve
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Limited, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane West, Maharashtra, 400 604, India
| | - Jayesh J Ahire
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Limited, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane West, Maharashtra, 400 604, India.
| | - Dina Saroj
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Limited, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane West, Maharashtra, 400 604, India
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Van Zyl WF, Van Staden AD, Dicks LMT, Trindade M. Use of the mCherry fluorescent protein to optimize the expression of class I lanthipeptides in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:149. [PMID: 37559122 PMCID: PMC10413542 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lanthipeptides are a rapidly expanding family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified natural compounds with diverse biological functions. Lanthipeptide structural and biosynthetic genes can readily be identified in genomic datasets, which provides a substantial repository for unique peptides with a wide range of potentially novel bioactivities. To realize this potential efficiently optimized heterologous production systems are required. However, only a few class I lanthipeptides have been successfully expressed using Escherichia coli as heterologous producer. This may be attributed to difficulties experienced in the co-expression of structural genes and multiple processing genes as well as complex optimization experiments. RESULTS Here, an optimized modular plasmid system is presented for the complete biosynthesis for each of the class I lanthipeptides nisin and clausin, in E. coli. Genes encoding precursor lanthipeptides were fused to the gene encoding the mCherry red fluorescent protein and co-expressed along with the required synthetases from the respective operons. Antimicrobially active nisin and clausin were proteolytically liberated from the expressed mCherry fusions. The mCherry-NisA expression system combined with in vivo fluorescence monitoring was used to elucidate the effect of culture media composition, promoter arrangement, and culture conditions including choice of growth media and inducer agents on the heterologous expression of the class I lanthipeptides. To evaluate the promiscuity of the clausin biosynthetic enzymes, the optimized clausin expression system was used for the heterologous expression of epidermin. CONCLUSION We succeeded in developing novel mCherry-fusion based plug and play heterologous expression systems to produce two different subgroups of class I lanthipeptides. Fully modified Pre-NisA, Pre-ClausA and Pre-EpiA fused to the mCherry fluorescence gene was purified from the Gram-negative host E. coli BL21 (DE3). Our study demonstrates the potential of using in vivo fluorescence as a platform to evaluate the expression of mCherry-fused lanthipeptides in E. coli. This allowed a substantial reduction in optimization time, since expression could be monitored in real-time, without the need for extensive and laborious purification steps or the use of in vitro activity assays. The optimized heterologous expression systems developed in this study may be employed in future studies for the scalable expression of novel NisA derivatives, or novel genome mined derivatives of ClausA and other class I lanthipeptides in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F Van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Anton D Van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marla Trindade
- Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Chen CM, Yang YCSH, Chou HC, Lin S. Intranasal administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by modulating gut microbiota in neonatal mice. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:57. [PMID: 37517995 PMCID: PMC10388480 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplemental oxygen impairs lung development in newborn infants with respiratory distress. Lactobacillus johnsonii supplementation attenuates respiratory viral infection in mice and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the protective effects of intranasal administration of L. johnsonii on lung development in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. METHODS Neonatal C57BL/6N mice were reared in either room air (RA) or hyperoxia condition (85% O2). From postnatal days 0 to 6, they were administered intranasal 10 μL L. johnsonii at a dose of 1 × 105 colony-forming units. Control mice received an equal volume of normal saline (NS). We evaluated the following four study groups: RA + NS, RA + probiotic, O2 + NS, and O2 + probiotic. On postnatal day 7, lung and intestinal microbiota were sampled from the left lung and lower gastrointestinal tract, respectively. The right lung of each mouse was harvested for Western blot, cytokine, and histology analyses. RESULTS The O2 + NS group exhibited significantly lower body weight and vascular density and significantly higher mean linear intercept (MLI) and lung cytokine levels compared with the RA + NS and RA + probiotic groups. At the genus level of the gut microbiota, the O2 + NS group exhibited significantly higher Staphylococcus and Enterobacter abundance and significantly lower Lactobacillus abundance compared with the RA + NS and RA + probiotic groups. Intranasal L. johnsonii treatment increased the vascular density, decreased the MLI and cytokine levels, and restored the gut microbiota in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal administration of L. johnsonii protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury and modulates the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan Lin
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan, Taiwan
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10
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Pal R, Athamneh AI, Deshpande R, Ramirez JAR, Adu KT, Muthuirulan P, Pawar S, Biazzo M, Apidianakis Y, Sundekilde UK, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Martens MG, Tegos GP, Seleem MN. Probiotics: insights and new opportunities for Clostridioides difficile intervention. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:414-434. [PMID: 35574602 PMCID: PMC9743071 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2072705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a life-threatening disease caused by the Gram-positive, opportunistic intestinal pathogen C. difficile. Despite the availability of antimicrobial drugs to treat CDI, such as vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin, recurrence of infection remains a significant clinical challenge. The use of live commensal microorganisms, or probiotics, is one of the most investigated non-antibiotic therapeutic options to balance gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and subsequently tackle dysbiosis. In this review, we will discuss major commensal probiotic strains that have the potential to prevent and/or treat CDI and its recurrence, reassess the efficacy of probiotics supplementation as a CDI intervention, delve into lessons learned from probiotic modulation of the immune system, explore avenues like genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions, genome sequencing, and multi-omics to identify novel strains and understand their functionality, and discuss the current regulatory framework, challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusha Pal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ahmad I.M. Athamneh
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Jose A. R Ramirez
- ProbioWorld Consulting Group, James Cook University, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kayode T. Adu
- ProbioWorld Consulting Group, James Cook University, 4811, Queensland, Australia
- Cann Group, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, La Trobe University, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | | | - Shrikant Pawar
- The Anlyan Center Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT USA
| | - Manuele Biazzo
- The Bioarte Ltd Laboratories at Life Science Park, San Gwann, Malta
| | | | | | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Martens
- Reading Hospital, Tower Health, West Reading, PA 19611, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - George P. Tegos
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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11
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Baindara P, Chowdhury T, Roy D, Mandal M, Mandal SM. Surfactin-like lipopeptides from Bacillus clausii efficiently bind to spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14152-14163. [PMID: 37021470 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread across the globe, infecting millions and causing hundreds of deaths. It has been now around three years but still, it remained a serious threat worldwide, even after the availability of some vaccines. Bio-surfactants are known to have antiviral activities and might be a potential alternative for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, we have isolated and purified, a surfactin-like lipopeptide produced by a probiotic bacterial strain Bacillus clausii TS. Upon purification and characterization with MALDI analysis, the molecular weight of the lipopeptide is confirmed as 1037 Da (similar to surfactin C) which is known to have antiviral activities against various enveloped viruses. Purified surfactin-like lipopeptide showed efficient binding and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein, revealed by competitive ELISA assay. Further, we have explored the complete thermodynamics of the inhibitory binding of surfactin-like lipopeptide with S1 protein using isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) assay. ITC results are in agreement with ELISA with a binding constant of 1.78 × 10-4 M-1. For further validation of the inhibitory binding of surfactin-like lipopeptide with S1 protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD), we performed molecular docking, dynamics, and simulation experiments. Our results suggested that surfactin could be a promising drug agent for the spike protein targeting drug development strategy against SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging variants.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Trinath Chowdhury
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dinata Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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12
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Özkoç M, Can B, Şentürk H, Burukoğlu Dönmez D, Kanbak G. Possible Curative Effects of Boric Acid and Bacillus clausii Treatments on TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1237-1251. [PMID: 35349007 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although there are several treatment options available to improve the symptoms of IBD patients, there is no effective treatment that provides a definitive solution. In the present study, we aim to investigate the antioxidative/anti-inflammatory effects of oral administration of boric acid and Bacillus clausii in a rat trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. The effects of boric acid and B. clausii were examined in serum and colon tissues with the help of some biochemical and histological analyses. Elevated inflammation and oxidative damage were found in the blood and colon tissue samples in the TNBS-induced group according to the complete blood count (CBC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin-35 (IL-35), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), and histological findings. Particularly, the highest IL-35 level (70.09 ± 12.62 ng/mL) in the combined treatment group, highest catalase activity (5322 ± 668.1 U/mg protein) in the TNBS-induced group, and lower relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the TNBS-induced group than the control group were striking findings. According to our results, it can be concluded that boric acid showed more curative effects, even if B. clausii probiotics was partially ameliorative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Özkoç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus.
| | - Betül Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Şentürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Güngör Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Investigation of Enterogermina's Protective and Restorative Mechanisms on the Gut Microbiota with PPI, Using SHIME Technology. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030653. [PMID: 36771360 PMCID: PMC9920632 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed medications associated with changes in the gut microbiome and dysbiosis when used long-term. Probiotics, such as Enterogermina® (containing four strains of Bacillus clausii) reduce side effects from triple therapy with PPI+antibiotics. We aim to assess the ability of this probiotic in preventing and/or treating the dysbiosis induced by PPI use. Faecal samples from six healthy donors were used to colonise a Triple-Mucosal-Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem® model with added ileal compartment. Changes in the microbial community composition and metabolite production were measured for PPI alone (control), PPI+Enterogermina (preventative), and Enterogermina treatment after PPI (curative). Differences were assessed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. The model was shown to replicate some of the effects of long-term PPI use. There were significant changes in microbial diversity and an increase in butyrate levels in the preventative and curative arms, indicative of a beneficial effect to gut health. Probiotic use countered some of the effects of PPI use: Streptococcus bovis levels increased in the control arm but reduced following probiotic treatment. These results show that probiotic treatment with B. clausii may have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota following PPI treatment.
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Khokhlova E, Colom J, Simon A, Mazhar S, García-Lainez G, Llopis S, Gonzalez N, Enrique-López M, Álvarez B, Martorell P, Tortajada M, Deaton J, Rea K. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Potential Probiotic Bacillus clausii CSI08. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020240. [PMID: 36838205 PMCID: PMC9962608 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus have demonstrated potential as probiotics for human use. Bacillus clausii have been recognized as efficacious and safe agents for preventing and treating diarrhea in children and adults, with pronounced immunomodulatory properties during several in vitro and clinical studies. Herein, we characterize the novel strain of B. clausii CSI08 (Munispore®) for probiotic attributes including resistance to gastric acid and bile salts, the ability to suppress the growth of human pathogens, the capacity to assimilate wide range of carbohydrates and to produce potentially beneficial enzymes. Both spores and vegetative cells of this strain were able to adhere to a mucous-producing intestinal cell line and to attenuate the LPS- and Poly I:C-triggered pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in HT-29 intestinal cell line. Vegetative cells of B. clausii CSI08 were also able to elicit a robust immune response in U937-derived macrophages. Furthermore, B. clausii CSI08 demonstrated cytoprotective effects in in vitro cell culture and in vivo C. elegans models of oxidative stress. Taken together, these beneficial properties provide strong evidence for B. clausii CSI08 as a promising potential probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Khokhlova
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Annie Simon
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Shahneela Mazhar
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Guillermo García-Lainez
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Nuria Gonzalez
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - María Enrique-López
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Archer Daniels Midland, Nutrition, Health&Wellness, Biopolis S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - John Deaton
- Deerland Probiotics & Enzymes, ADM, Science and Technology Department, 3800 Cobb International Blvd., Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - Kieran Rea
- Deerland Ireland R&D, Ltd., ADM, Bio-Innovation Unit, Rm. 331 Food Science Building, College Rd., University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Acosta-Rodríguez-Bueno CP, Abreu Y Abreu AT, Guarner F, Guno MJV, Pehlivanoğlu E, Perez M. Bacillus clausii for Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Narrative Literature Review. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4854-4874. [PMID: 36018495 PMCID: PMC9525334 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health; disturbances in microbial homeostasis are implicated in both intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. Probiotics are "live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host," and many commercial preparations comprising a diverse range of species are available. While probiotics have been much researched, better understanding of the probiotic effects and applications of species such as Bacillus clausii is warranted. In this narrative literature review, we review the characteristics and mechanisms of action supporting B. clausii as a probiotic and discuss the evidence from clinical studies evaluating B. clausii probiotics for the management of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and symptoms in children and adults. Finally, we highlight the challenges of future research and the need for more robust and diverse clinical evidence to guide physicians in the clinical application of probiotics for gastrointestinal disorders and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary Jean V Guno
- Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Marcos Perez
- Sanofi, Industriepark Höchst, Bldg. K607, Room 5327, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Bamola VD, Dubey D, Samanta P, Kedia S, Ahuja V, Madempudi RS, Neelamraju J, Chaudhry R. Role of a probiotic strain in the modulation of gut microbiota and cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Anaerobe 2022; 78:102652. [PMID: 36198385 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a probiotic strain Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 on gut microbiota and cytokines in IBD patients. METHOD Patients were randomly allocated to either placebo or probiotic Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 for four weeks along with the standard medical treatment (SMT). Enrolled patients were evaluated before and after intervention for presence of the given probiotic, change in gut microbiota, change in serum cytokines, serotonin and dopamine, symptoms of disease, physical, behavioral and psychological parameters. RESULTS Probiotic strain Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 showed good survival in IBD patients in the treatment group (p < 0.01) without any reported adverse event. Metagenomic analysis showed that the given probiotic strain was able to modulate the gut microbiota in treated group. Phylum Firmicutes was increased and phylum Bacteroidetes was decreased in the probiotic treated group. A significant increase was observed in the abundance of anaerobic bacterial genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium in the probiotic treated group (p < 0.01) as compared to placebo group. Significant increase was observed in IL-10 (p < 0.05) and variable decrease in the secretion of IL-1β, TNF- α, IL-6, IL -17 and IL -23 in probiotic treated group. In the treatment group a significant decrease in the symptoms of IBD and improvement in the psychological parameter to various degrees was noted. CONCLUSION These results indicated that probiotic strain B clausii UBBC-07 affected the gut microbiota and cytokine secretion and shown efficacy in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepak Bamola
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Divya Dubey
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Projoyita Samanta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ratna Sudha Madempudi
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Plot No. 2, Phase-II, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Jayanthi Neelamraju
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Plot No. 2, Phase-II, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Lu S, Na K, Li Y, Zhang L, Fang Y, Guo X. Bacillus-derived probiotics: metabolites and mechanisms involved in bacteria-host interactions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1701-1714. [PMID: 36066454 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus probiotics have a sporulation capacity that makes them more suitable for processing and storage and for surviving passage through the gastrointestinal tract. The probiotic functions and regulatory mechanisms of different Bacillus have been exploited in many reports, but little is known about how various Bacillus probiotics perform different functions. This knowledge gap results in a lack of specificity in the selection and application of Bacillus. The probiotic properties are strain-specific and cell-type-specific, and are related to the germination potential and to the diversity of metabolites produced following intestinal germination, as this causes the variation in probiotic function and mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the Bacillus metabolites produced during germination and sporulation in the GI tract, as well as possible processes affecting intestinal homeostasis. We conclude that the oxygen-capturing capability and the production of antimicrobials, exoenzymes, competence and sporulation factors (CSF), exopolysaccharides, lactic acid, and cell components are specifically associated with the functional mechanisms of probiotic Bacillus. The aim of this review is to guide the screening of potential Bacillus strains for probiotics and their application in nutrition research. The information provided will also promote further research on Bacillus-derived functional metabolites in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuanrong Li
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Fang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Hubei Province, China
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18
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Bacillus clausii against Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106669. [PMID: 36037981 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies and clinical trials have been showing that probiotics are promising in the prevention and control of parasite infections. B. clausii, obtained from Enterogermina®, was cultured to obtain cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) and spores to evaluate its schistosomicidal effect in vitro and in vivo against Schistosoma mansoni, respectively. For in vitro and in vivo analysis mice were infected with 120 and 50 cercariae, respectively. Couples of adult worms, recovered on day 45 of infection, were exposed to CFS. The in vivo assay was performed for 100 days, where all animals were infected on the 30th day. Four experimental groups were formed, as follows: G1 - Saline solution from the 1st until the 100th day; G2 - B. clausii from the 1st until the 100th day; G3 - B. clausii from the 68th day (onset of oviposition) until the 100th day and G4 - PZQ (50 mg/Kg) from the 75th until the 79th day. In vitro, CFS of B. clausii does not caused mortality nor changed the motility on S. mansoni adult worms. G2 and G3 showed reduction of the 68.58 and 44.25% in the number of eggs eliminated in the feces and 34.29 and 53.6% and 22.8 and 48.49% the number of eggs trapped in the liver and intestine, respectively. Furthermore, in both therapeutic regimens G2 and G3, B. clausii increased the percentage of dead eggs in the intestinal tissue. B. clausii CFS, in vitro, does not showed action against S. mansoni and that treatment with B. clausii spores modulates favorably the parasitological parameters in the experimental infection of S. mansoni.
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In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of Shouchella clausii probiotic strain and bacterial supernatant against herpes simplex virus type 1. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:522. [PMID: 35879582 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is an important human neurotropic virus infecting 70% of the world population. Due to the emergence of viral resistance via mutations in HSV-1 genes and some of the adverse effects of antiviral compounds, there is a growing need for safe, novel, and effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. The aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time the potential antiviral activity of Shouchella clausii probiotic strain and bacterial supernatant against HSV-1. The MTT assay was used to determine the possible cytotoxicity of the S. clausii and bacterial supernatant. Vero cells were treated by S. clausii, bacterial supernatant, and HSV-1 under pre-treatment (incubation of Vero cells with S. clausii then HSV-1 inoculation), pre-incubation (mixture of co-incubated HSV-1/S. clausii added to Vero cell), competition (adding HSV-1 and S. clausii into Vero cells simultaneously) and post-treatment (Vero cells inoculated with HSV-1 then incubated with S. clausii) assays. Viral titer reduction (TCID50) and viral DNA relative quantification by real-time PCR were measured in each experimental condition. The results indicated that S. clausii and its supernatant had the greatest inhibitory activity toward HSV-1 in pre-treatment assay. The HSV-1 titer treated with S. clausii, and bacterial supernatant was 3.6 and 2.2 Log10TCID50/mL lower compared to the control (7.66 Log10TCID50/mL). Results showed an antiviral effect of S. clausii and its supernatant. S. clausii could be considered as a novel inhibitor for HSV-1 infection.
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Prebiotic Isomaltooligosaccharide Provides an Advantageous Fitness to the Probiotic Bacillus subtilis CU1. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis CU1 is a probiotic strain with beneficial effects on immune health in elderly subjects and diarrhea. Commercialized under spore form, new strategies to improve the germination, fitness and beneficial effects of the probiotic once in the gut have to be explored. For this purpose, functional food ingredients, such as isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOSs), could improve the fitness of Bacillus probiotics. IMOSs are composed of α(1 → 6)- and α(1 → 4)-linked oligosaccharides and are partially indigestible. Dietary IMOSs stimulate beneficial members of intestinal microbiota, but the effect of a combination of IMOSs with probiotics, such as B. subtilis CU1, is unknown. In this study, we evaluate the potential effect of IMOSs in B. subtilis CU1 and identify the metabolic pathways involved. The biochemical analysis of the commercial IMOSs highlights a degree of polymerization (DP) comprised between 1 and 29. The metabolism of IMOSs in CU1 was attributed to an α-glucosidase, secreted in the extracellular compartment one hundred times more than with glucose, and which seems to hydrolyze high DP IMOSs into shorter oligosaccharides (DP1, DP2 and DP3) in the culture medium. Proteomic analysis of CU1 after growth on IMOSs showed a reshaping of B. subtilis CU1 metabolism and functions, associated with a decreased production of lactic acid and acetic acid by two times. Moreover, we show for the first time that IMOSs could improve the germination of a Bacillus probiotic in the presence of bile salts in vitro, with an 8 h reduced lag-time when compared to a glucose substrate. Moreover, bacterial concentration (CFU/mL) was increased by about 1 log in IMOS liquid cultures after 48 h when compared to glucose. In conclusion, the use of IMOSs in association with probiotic B. subtilis CU1 in a synbiotic product could improve the fitness and benefits of the probiotic.
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Wong-Chew RM, de Castro JAA, Morelli L, Perez M, Ozen M. Gut immune homeostasis: the immunomodulatory role of Bacillus clausii, from basic to clinical evidence. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:717-729. [PMID: 35674642 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2085559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota affects the development of the gut immune system in early life. Perturbations to microbiota structure and composition during this period can have long-term consequences on the health of the individual, through its effects on the immune system. Research in the last few decades has shown that probiotic administration can reverse these effects in strain- and environment-specific ways. Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) has been in use for many decades as a safe and efficacious probiotic, but its mode of action has not yet been completely elucidated. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss how the gut immune system works, the factors that affect its functioning, and the plethora of research highlighting its role in various diseases. We also discuss the known modes of action of Bacillus probiotics, and highlight the preclinical and clinical evidence that reveal how B. clausii acts to bolster gut defense. EXPERT OPINION We anticipate that the treatment and/or prevention of dysbiosis will be central to managing human health and disease in the future. Discovering the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, infections, allergies, and some cancers will aid our understanding of the key role played by microbial communities in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Wong-Chew
- Facultad de Medicina, División de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Cdmx
| | - Jo-Anne A de Castro
- Department of Pediatrics de la Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute (DLSMHSI), Dasmariñas Cavite, Philippines; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pamantasan ng Lunsod ng Maynila (PLM), College of Medicine Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza - Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Metehan Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul Turkey
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22
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Current Progress and Future Perspectives on the Use of Bacillus clausii. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061246. [PMID: 35744764 PMCID: PMC9230978 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus clausii is a probiotic that benefits human health. Its key characteristics include the ability to form spores; the resulting tolerance to heat, acid, and salt ensures safe passage through the human gastrointestinal tract with no loss of cells. Although B. clausii has been widely used for many decades, the beneficial properties of other probiotics, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., are better disseminated in the literature. In this review, we summarize the physiological, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties of probiotic B. clausii strains. We also describe findings from studies that have investigated B. clausii probiotics from the perspective of quality and safety. We highlight innovative properties based on biochemical investigations of non-probiotic strains of B. clausii, revealing that B. clausii may have further health benefits in other therapeutic areas.
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Basi-Chipalu S, Sthapit P, Dhital S. A review on characterization, applications and structure-activity relationships of Bacillus species-produced bacteriocins. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:55-62. [PMID: 35466124 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are inherently occurring proteins that are produced by microorganisms as secondary metabolites. Members of genus Bacillus produce many types of AMPs by ribosomal (bacteriocins) and non-ribosomal (polymyxins and iturins) mechanisms. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides that inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. Moreover, bacteriocins produced by Bacillus species have been widely used in pharmaceutical, food industry, fishery, livestock as well as in agriculture sector. The objective of this review is to assess the characterization of the Bacillus-derived bacteriocins, their potential use in different sectors and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Basi-Chipalu
- Department of Microbiology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pallavi Sthapit
- Department of Microbiology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Saphala Dhital
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC, USA
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Lu S, Liao X, Zhang L, Fang Y, Xiang M, Guo X. Nutrient L-Alanine-Induced Germination of Bacillus Improves Proliferation of Spores and Exerts Probiotic Effects in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:796158. [PMID: 34925306 PMCID: PMC8675871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.796158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As alternatives to antibiotics in feed, probiotic Bacillus carries multiple advantages in animal production. Spores undergo strain-related germination in the gastrointestinal tract, but it is still unknown whether the probiotic function of the Bacillus depends on the germination of spores in vivo. In this study, based on 14 potential probiotic Bacillus strains from fermented food and feed, we detected the germination response of these Bacillus spores in relation to different germinating agents. The results showed the germination response was strain-specific and germinant-related, and nutrient germinant L-alanine significantly promoted the growth of strains with germination potential. Two strains of Bacillus subtilis, S-2 and 312, with or without a high spore germination response to L-alanine, were selected to study their morphological and genic differences induced by L-alanine through transmission electron microscopy and comparative transcriptomics analysis. Consequently, after L-alanine treatment, the gray phase was largely increased under microscopy, and the expression of the germination response genes was significantly up-regulated in the B. subtilis S-2 spores compared to the B. subtilis 312 spores (p < 0.05). The protective effect of L-alanine-induced spore germination of the two strains was comparatively investigated both in the IPEC-J2 cell model and a Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat model challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99. The result indicated that L-alanine helped B. subtilis S-2 spores, but not 312 spores, to decrease inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1 β, TNF-α; p < 0.05) and promote the expression of occludin in IPEC-J2 cells. Besides, supplement with L-alanine-treated B. subtilis S-2 spores significantly improved the growth of the SD rats, alleviated histopathological GIT lesions, and improved the ratio of jejunal villus length to crypt depth in comparison to the B. subtilis S-2 spores alone (p < 0.05). Improved species diversity and abundance of fecal microbiota were only observed in the group with L-alanine-treated S-2 spores (p < 0.05). The study demonstrates L-alanine works well as a probiotic Bacillus adjuvant in improving intestinal health, and it also provides a solution for the practical and accurate regulation of their use as antibiotic alternatives in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianyin Liao
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Fang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixian Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Urumbil SK, Anilkumar MN. Anti-inflammatory activity of endophytic bacterial isolates from Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114517. [PMID: 34389445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the traditional medicine system, plants have been utilized as a rich source of anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral and anti-oxidant compounds. The biological properties of plant-based drugs depend on their interaction with endophytes which persist as an important provider of bioactive secondary metabolites. Bacterial endophytes secrete anti-inflammatory molecules whose activity can be the base for the anti-inflammatory property of the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY During the screening of endophytes from Emilia sonchifolia, we isolated six different bacteria whose potential as the sources of anti-inflamamtory compounds have been aimed at in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate extract of endophytes was studied by both in vitro and in vivo analyses. In vitro study was done using protein denaturation, COX, LOX, iNOS, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide assays and in vivo analysis was carried out by carrageenan-induced and formalin-induced paw oedema tests. The expression level of anti-inflammatory genes such as COX-2 and NfKb was confirmed by real time PCR. RESULTS We confirmed anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate extract of bacterial endophytes of E sonchifolia by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Carrageenan- and formalin-induced inflammations in mice were effectively reduced by the administration of the bacterial extract. Among the isolates, strain ES1effectively reduced inflammation. Gene expression studies confirmed reduction in the expression of COX-2 and NfKb genes in the presence of ES1 extract. CONCLUSION The present investigation demonstrated the anti-inflammatory property of the isolated bacterial endophyte ES1 (Bacillus subtilis strain-MG 692780) and thus justifies the possible role of endophytes in contributing anti-inflammatory property to E sonchifolia which is ethno-botanically important as a source of anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhavan Nair Anilkumar
- Cell Culture Lab, Department of Botany, Union Christian College, Aluva, Ernakulam, Pin-683 102, Kerala, India.
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Identification and characterization of Bacillus coagulans strains for probiotic activity and safety. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Enhancing the Quality of Total Mixed Ration Containing Cottonseed or Rapeseed Meal by Optimization of Fermentation Conditions. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cottonseed meal (CSM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) are protein sources in livestock feed. However, the applications of both ingredients are limited in diets due to the existence of anti-nutritional factors such as free gossypol and glucosinolate. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal fermentation conditions for reducing anti-nutritional factors and increasing the nutritional value of fermented total mixed rations containing cottonseed or rapeseed meal. An orthogonal design L9 (34) was performed to optimize the fermentation conditions, including fermentation time, temperature, moisture content and microbial strain. Optimum fermentation conditions were performed using different fermentation times (48, 60, 72 h), fermentation temperatures (28 °C, 32 °C, 36 °C), moisture content (40%, 50%, 60%) and microbial inoculations (1 = Bacillus clausii with 1 × 109 CFU/kg DM for CSM or 1 × 1010 CFU/kg DM for RSM; 2 = Saccharomyces cariocanus with 5 × 109 CFU/kg DM; 3 = mixed strain (B. clausii:S. cariocanus ratio 1:1). The results show that the concentration of free gossypol content was reduced (p < 0.05), while the crude protein content was increased (p < 0.05) in CSM through optimum fermentation conditions: time 60 h; temperature 32 °C; moisture content 50% and inoculated with B. clausii (1 × 109 CFU/kg DM) as well as S. cariocanus (5 × 109 CFU/kg DM). Likewise, the concentration of glucosinolate was lowered (p < 0.05) and the crude protein was increased (p < 0.05) in RSM through optimum fermentation conditions: time 60 h; temperature 28 °C; moisture 50% and inoculated with B. clausii (1 × 1010 CFU/kg DM) as well as S. cariocanus (5 × 109 CFU/kg DM). Our findings indicate that the optimal fermentation conditions of total mixed rations with cottonseed meal or rapeseed meal enhance the nutritional value, thereby making them viable and usable feedstuffs for potential use in livestock industries.
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Maity C, Gupta AK. Therapeutic efficacy of probiotic Alkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE in antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A randomized controlled trial. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07993. [PMID: 34585011 PMCID: PMC8453216 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal ailments has shown therapeutic effects. The imbalance of the microbiota caused by antibiotic treatment or others has been shown to be restored to normal with probiotic treatment. In this study, a genomically and phenotypically safe probiotic Alkalihalobacillus clausii 088AE has been evaluated for ameliorating antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in pediatrics (PE, n = 60, 2-10 years), adolescent and adults (AA, n = 60, 11-65 years) through a randomized controlled clinical trial. A. clausii 088AE was administered for seven days (PE, 4 and AA, 6 billion/day) and primary and secondary endpoints were evaluated on different visits. Compared to the respective placebo arms, A. clausii 088AE improved the diarrheal (time to last unformed stool and diarrheal frequency) conditions in children, adolescents and adults. A. clausii 088AE treatment decreased AAD-severity score on visit 5 in both pediatric (0.12 ± 0.33, 12.39 folds), adult and adolescent (0.54 ± 0.36, 2.34 folds) groups compared to those respective placebo arm (p < 0.05). A. clausii 088AE was well tolerated, did not cause significant changes in vital and clinical safety parameters and subjects reported no adverse effects or serious adverse reactions. A. clausii 088AE is safe and therapeutically effective against AAD, reducing onset of diarrhea and related severity symptoms including abdominal discomfort and pain, bloating and flatulence. A. clausii 088AE may be recommended as a live bio-therapeutic agent for improving clinical pathophysiology of gastrointestinal ailments, in particular antibiotic-associated diarrhea and related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Maity
- Probiotics Laboratory, Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5Th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane (W), 400 604, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Probiotics Laboratory, Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., 5Th Floor, A-Wing, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane (W), 400 604, Maharashtra, India
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Yusuf HA, Piao M, Ma T, Huo R, Tu Y. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and yeast supplementation on anti-nutritional factors and chemical composition of fermented total mixed ration containing cottonseed meal or rapeseed meal. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:556-566. [PMID: 34530504 PMCID: PMC8902213 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the appropriate supplementation level of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus clausii), yeast (Saccharomyces cariocanus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus) for degrading free gossypol and glucosinolate in the fermented total mixed ration (TMR) containing cottonseed meal (CSM) or rapeseed meal (RSM), to improve the utilization efficiency of these protein sources. Methods For LAB, L. plantarum or B. clausii was inoculated at 1.0×108, 1.0×109, 1.0×1010, and 1.0×1011 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. For yeast, S. cariocanus or W. anomalus was inoculated at 5×106, 5×107, 5×108, and 5×109 CFU/kg DM, respectively. The TMR had 50% moisture and was incubated at 30°C for 48 h. After fermentation, the chemical compositions, and the contents of free gossypol and glucosinolate were determined. Results The results showed that the concentration of free gossypol content was reduced (p<0.05), while that of the crude protein content was increased (p<0.05) in the TMR containing CSM inoculated by B. clausii (1×109 CFU/kg DM) or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/kg DM). Similarly, the content of glucosinolate was lowered (p<0.05) and the crude protein content was increased (p<0.05) in TMR containing RSM inoculated with B. clausii (1×1010 CFU/kg DM) or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/g DM). Conclusion This study confirmed that inclusion of B. clausii with 1.0×109 or 1.0×1010 CFU/kg DM, or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/kg DM) to TMR containing CSM/RSM improved the nutritional value and decreased the contents of anti-nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali Yusuf
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Somali National University, P.O Box 15 Mogadishu, Somali
| | - Minyu Piao
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Huo
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
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Milanović V, Cardinali F, Belleggia L, Garofalo C, Pasquini M, Tavoletti S, Riolo P, Ruschioni S, Isidoro N, Osimani A, Aquilanti L. Exploitation of Tenebrio molitor larvae as biological factories for human probiotics, an exploratory study. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Therapeutic Prospective of a Spore-Forming Probiotic-Bacillus clausii UBBC07 Against Acetaminophen-Induced Uremia in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:253-258. [PMID: 30879230 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To screen Bacillus clausii UBBC07 as a putative probiotic strain and to examine the protective effect of probiotic-B. clausii UBBC07 spore on uremia on rats induced by acetaminophen. In vitro tests performed to screen potential probiotic strains were gastric and bile acid resistance and ability to reduce pathogen adhesion to surfaces. An in vivo study was performed on rats (n = 18) which were randomly divided into three groups: group I, control-receives normal food and water, groups II and III receive acetaminophen i.p. at the dose of 550 mg/kg/day for 10 days, groups III was treated with B. clausii UBBC07 at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU/day for 15 days. Urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and GSH levels and antioxidant enzymes like super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity were considered to analyze renal failure. Plasma urea and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) significantly increase and SOD, catalase, and GSH activity level significantly decrease in group II as compared with the control group. After treatment with probiotic, there was a significant increase in SOD and catalase (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in serum urea, creatinine, and MDA (p < 0.05) in group III in response to group II. The results also revealed that probiotic was able to tolerate pH 3.0-9.0 and 0.3% bile salt. The present study suggests that B. clausii UBBC07 could be used as a novel alternative natural therapy for uremia, a major syndrome of CKD.
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Isolation and Characterization of Probiotic Bacillus subtilis MKHJ 1-1 Possessing L-Asparaginase Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate functional Bacillus strains from Korean fermented soybeans and to evaluate their potential as probiotics. The L-asparaginase activity of MKHJ 1-1 was the highest among 162 Bacillus strains. This strain showed nonhemolysis and did not produce β-glucuronidase. Among the nine target bacteria, MKHJ 1-1 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis resulted in MKHJ 1-1 identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris D7XPN1. As a result of measuring the survival rate in 0.1% pepsin solution (pH 2.5) and 0.3% bile salt solution for 3 h, MKHJ 1-1 exhibited high acid resistance and was able to grow in the presence of bile salt. MKHJ 1-1 showed outstanding autoaggregation ability after 24 h. In addition, its coaggregation with pathogens was strong. Therefore, MKHJ 1-1 is a potential probiotic with L-asparaginase activity and without L-glutaminase activity, suggesting that it could be a new resource for use in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Chandra V, McAllister F. Therapeutic potential of microbial modulation in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2021; 70:gutjnl-2019-319807. [PMID: 33906958 PMCID: PMC8292583 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Chandra
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Darma A, Athiyyah AF, Ranuh RG, Endaryanto A, Budiono B, Sudarmo SM. Effects of probiotics on the enhancement of the innate mucosal immune response against pathogenic bacteria. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 12:445-450. [PMID: 33604000 PMCID: PMC7867706 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Probiotics have been widely used for host immune system enhancement but with limited knowledge regarding the immunomodulation mechanisms by which they assist the mucosal innate immune response. We investigated the effects of probiotics on the modulation of the innate mucosal immune response particularly in association with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and p105. Materials and Methods: We randomized 24 male BALB/c mice into four groups. Two groups were administered probiotics for 21 consecutive days; one of these groups was challenged with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 15. The third group was challenged with only LPS. The fourth group remained untreated. All mice were sacrificed after 21 days. An immunohistochemistry procedure on the ileum was performed and monoclonal antibodies specific for TLR-2, TLR-4 and NF-κB p65 and p105 were used for the analysis of innate lymphoid cells. Results: In the LPS-only treated group, there was a significant decrease in p105, indicating an alternative transcription pathway for the process of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In the probiotics-only treated group there was significant enhancement of TLR-2 and TLR-4 and NF-κB p65 and p105. When mice treated with probiotics were exposed to LPS, there was a significant decrease in NF-κB p65 and p105, indicating employment of the classical pathway for pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Conclusion: Probiotics can enhance the innate mucosal immune response in healthy mice and can maintain the homeostasis of the gut mucosal immune response against LPS through the activation of the classical NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Darma
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alpha Fardah Athiyyah
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Reza Gunadi Ranuh
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anang Endaryanto
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Budiono Budiono
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Subijanto Marto Sudarmo
- Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, School of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Price PT, Gaydos T, Legendre H, Krehling J, Macklin K, Padgett JC. Production Layer Salmonella Enteritidis Control through Dry Fed Pre & Probiotic Products. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PT Price
- Phileo by Lesaffre, USA; Clemson University, USA
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Konuray G, Erginkaya Z. Quality evaluation of probiotic pasta produced with Bacillus coagulans GBI-30. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Castro JA, Kesavelu D, Lahiri KR, Chaijitraruch N, Chongsrisawat V, Jog PP, Liaw YH, Nguyen GK, Nguyen TVH, Pai UA, Phan HND, Quak SH, Tanpowpong P, Guno MJ. Recommendations for the adjuvant use of the poly-antibiotic-resistant probiotic Bacillus clausii (O/C, SIN, N/R, T) in acute, chronic, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: consensus from Asian experts. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2020; 6:21. [PMID: 33110611 PMCID: PMC7583175 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-00120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes recommendations for probiotics in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. Evidence-based recommendations and randomized controlled trials in the region are included. Cultural aspects, health management issues and economic factors were also considered. Final recommendations were approved by utilizing a modified Delphi process and applying the Likert scale in an electronic voting process. Bacillus clausii was recommended as an adjunct treatment with oral rehydration solution for acute viral diarrhea. B. clausii may also be considered for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea, and as adjunct treatment of Helicobacter pylori. There is insufficient evidence for recommendations in other conditions. Despite a diversity of epidemiological, socioeconomical and health system conditions, similar recommendations currently apply to most Asia-Pacific countries. Ideally, these need to be validated with local randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne De Castro
- De La Salle University Medical Center, Dasmariñas, Cavite Philippines
| | | | | | - Nataruks Chaijitraruch
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voranush Chongsrisawat
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Yun Haw Liaw
- KPJ Sabah Specialist Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Huu Nguyet Diem Phan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Pornthep Tanpowpong
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mary Jean Guno
- Institute of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
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Feed Supplementation with a Commercially Available Probiotic Solution Does Not Alter the Composition of the Microbiome in the Biofilters of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100830. [PMID: 33050471 PMCID: PMC7599949 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recirculating aquaculture relies on the treatment of ammonia compounds from the water by a bacterial flora growing inside biofilters. Another increasingly common practice in aquaculture is the supplementation of feed with live probiotic bacteria to boost the immune system of the farmed animals and hinder the implantation of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial flora within the biofilters of recirculating farming units in which African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were being farmed. Our results suggested that these two farming systems could be compatible as feeding of the probiotic feed had no detectable effect on the composition of the microbiome within the biofilters and none of the bacteria from the feed could be detected in the biofilters. These findings suggest that supplementation of the fish feed with probiotic supplements did not interfere with the microbiome residing inside the biofilter and that it is a safe practice in recirculating aquaculture systems.
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Protective action of Bacillus clausii probiotic strains in an in vitro model of Rotavirus infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12636. [PMID: 32724066 PMCID: PMC7387476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children. Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) is a spore-forming probiotic that is able to colonize the gut. A mixture of four B. clausii strains (O/C, T, SIN and N/R) is commonly used for the treatment of AGE, and it has been demonstrated that it can reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea in children with AGE. Few studies have sought to characterize the mechanisms responsible for such beneficial effects. Intestinal effects of probiotics are likely to be strain-specific. We conducted a series of in vitro experiments investigating the activities of this mixture of B. clausii strains on biomarkers of mucosal barrier integrity and immune function in a cellular model of Rotavirus infection. B. clausii protected enterocytes against Rotavirus-induced decrease in trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and up-regulated expression of mucin 5AC and tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1), all of which are important for effective mucosal barrier function. B. clausii also inhibited reactive oxygen species production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-8 and interferon-β) in Rotavirus-infected cells, and down-regulated pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor 3 pathway gene expression. Such mechanisms likely contributed to the observed protective effects of B. clausii against reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in Rotavirus-infected enterocytes.
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Hamdy AA, Esawy MA, Elattal NA, Amin MA, Ali AE, Awad GEA, Connerton I, Mansour NM. Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of two potential probiotics Bacillus subtilis isolated from honey and honeybee microbiomes. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:34. [PMID: 32700263 PMCID: PMC7376800 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously isolated Bacillus subtilis HMNig-2 and MENO2 strains, from honey and the honeybee gut microbiome respectively, and demonstrated these strains to produce levansucrase with potential probiotics characteristics. Here we report their complete genome sequence and comparative analysis with other and other B. subtilis strains. RESULTS The complete genome sequences of Bacillus subtilis HMNig-2 and MENO2 were de novo assembled from MiSeq paired-end sequence reads and annotated using the RAST tool. Whole-genome alignments were performed to identify functional differences associated with their potential use as probiotics. CONCLUSIONS The comparative analysis and the availability of the genome sequence of these two strains will provide comprehensive analysis about the diversity of these valuable Bacillus strains and the possible impact of the environment on bacterial evolution. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY We introduce complete genome sequence of two new B. subtilis strains HMNig-2 and MENO2 with probiotic potential and as cell factories for the production of levan and other valuable components for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid A. Hamdy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Esawy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran A. Elattal
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal E. Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada E. A. Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ian Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Loughborough, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Nahla M. Mansour
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Cairo, Egypt
- Gut Microbiology & Immunology Group, Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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Dahmana H, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Insecticidal Activity of Bacteria from Larvae Breeding Site with Natural Larvae Mortality: Screening of Separated Supernatant and Pellet Fractions. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060486. [PMID: 32570965 PMCID: PMC7350308 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes can transmit to humans devastating and deadly pathogens. As many chemical insecticides are banned due to environmental side effects or are of reduced efficacy due to resistance, biological control, including the use of bacterial strains with insecticidal activity, is of increasing interest and importance. The urgent actual need relies on the discovery of new compounds, preferably of a biological nature. Here, we explored the phenomenon of natural larvae mortality in larval breeding sites to identify potential novel compounds that may be used in biological control. From there, we isolated 14 bacterial strains of the phylum Firmicutes, most of the order Bacillales. Cultures were carried out under controlled conditions and were separated on supernatant and pellet fractions. The two fractions and a 1:1 mixture of the two fractions were tested on L3 and early L4 Aedes albopictus. Two concentrations were tested (2 and 6 mg/L). Larvae mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h and compared to that induced by the commercialized B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Of the 14 strains isolated, 11 were active against the A. albopictus larvae: 10 of the supernatant fractions and one pellet fraction, and mortality increased with the concentration. For the insecticide activity prediction in three strains of the Bacillus cereus complex, PCR screening of the crystal (Cry) and cytolytic (Cyt) protein families characteristic to B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was performed. Most of the genes coding for these proteins' synthesis were not detected. We identified bacterial strains that exhibit higher insecticidal activity compared with a commercial product. Further studies are needed for the characterization of active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handi Dahmana
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Didier Raoult
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; (H.D.); (D.R.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-13-73-24-01; Fax: +33-(0)4-13-73-24-02
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Ahire JJ, Kashikar MS, Madempudi RS. Survival and Germination of Bacillus clausii UBBC07 Spores in in vitro Human Gastrointestinal Tract Simulation Model and Evaluation of Clausin Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1010. [PMID: 32733389 PMCID: PMC7358638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus clausii UBBC07 is a commercial spore probiotic known to reduce diarrhea in children and adults. In the present study, survival and germination of UBBC07 spores were investigated under fed and fasted conditions in Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem. Besides this, lantibiotic production, purification, and characterization were performed. The agar plate analysis showed that spores were 100% tolerant to fed and fasted gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. Simultaneously, flow cytometry revealed that at the end of small intestinal incubation, 120% (fed) and 133% (fasted) spores were in viable germinating state. The transformation of viable germinating spores into viable vegetative cells was observed at 3 h of incubation under fasted GIT conditions. In antimicrobial evaluation, UBBC07 produced low-molecular-weight (2107.94 Da) class I lantibiotic clausin. The presence of lanB, lanC, and lanD genes confirms the clausin production. Clausin is stable at proteases (pepsin, proteinase K, and trypsin), temperature (up to 100°C), and pH (up to 11). Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive bacteria including Clostridium difficile is advantageous. In conclusion, B. clausii UBBC07 spore probiotic is capable of surviving and germinating under in vitro upper GIT conditions. The clausin production justifies strain applicability in diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh J Ahire
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Megha S Kashikar
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Hyderabad, India
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Zaghari M, Sarani P, Hajati H. Comparison of two probiotic preparations on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, nutrient digestibility and cytokine gene expression in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1754218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Zaghari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosna Hajati
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Khatri I, Sharma G, Subramanian S. Composite genome sequence of Bacillus clausii, a probiotic commercially available as Enterogermina ®, and insights into its probiotic properties. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:307. [PMID: 31888501 PMCID: PMC6937992 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the spore-forming strains of Bacillus probiotics are marketed commercially as they survive harsh gastrointestinal conditions and bestow health benefits to the host. RESULTS We report the composite genome of Bacillus clausii ENTPro from a commercially available probiotic Enterogermina® and compare it with the genomes of other Bacillus probiotics. We find that the members of B. clausii species harbor high heterogeneity at the species as well as genus level. The genes conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline in the B. clausii ENTPro strain could be identified. The genes coding for the bacteriocin gallidermin, which prevents biofilm formation in the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, were also identified. KEGG Pathway analysis suggested that the folate biosynthesis pathway, which depicts one of the important roles of probiotics in the host, is conserved completely in B. subtilis and minimally in B. clausii and other probiotics. CONCLUSIONS We identified various antibiotic resistance, bacteriocins, stress-related, and adhesion-related domains, and industrially-relevant pathways, in the genomes of these probiotic bacteria that are likely to help them survive in the harsh gastrointestinal tract, facilitating adhesion to host epithelial cells, persistence during antibiotic treatment and combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kotowicz N, Bhardwaj R, Ferreira W, Hong H, Olender A, Ramirez J, Cutting S. Safety and probiotic evaluation of two Bacillus strains producing antioxidant compounds. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:759-771. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus species are becoming increasingly relevant for use as probiotics or feed additives where their heat stability can ensure survival in the food matrix or enable long-term storage at ambient temperature. Some Bacillus species are pigmented and in this study, we have examined two strains, one Bacillus pumilus (pigmented red) and the other Bacillus megaterium (pigmented yellow) for their safety for potential use in humans as dietary supplements. In addition, we have set out to determine if they might confer any potential health benefits. Both strains produce C30 carotenoids while the B. pumilus strain also produced large quantities of riboflavin equivalent to genetically modified Bacillus strains and most probably contributing to this strain’s pigmentation. Riboflavin’s and carotenoids are antioxidants, and we have evaluated the ability of vegetative cells and/or spores to influence populations of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the colon of mice. While both strains increased levels of F. prausnitzii, spores of the B. pumilus strain produced a significant increase in F. prausnitzii levels. If found to be reproducible in humans such an effect might, potentially, confer health benefits particularly for those suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kotowicz
- SporeGen Ltd., Bourne Labs, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - R.K. Bhardwaj
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - W.T. Ferreira
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - H.A. Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - A. Olender
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - J. Ramirez
- Enviromedica, 2301 Scarbrough Drive, Suite 300, Austin, TX 78728, USA
| | - S.M. Cutting
- SporeGen Ltd., Bourne Labs, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
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Li YT, Ye JZ, Lv LX, Xu H, Yang LY, Jiang XW, Wu WR, Shi D, Fang DQ, Bian XY, Wang KC, Wang QQ, Xie JJ, Lu YM, Li LJ. Pretreatment With Bacillus cereus Preserves Against D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in a Rat Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1751. [PMID: 31417535 PMCID: PMC6685349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) functions as a probiotic in animals, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aim to evaluate the protective effects and definite mechanism by which orally administered B. cereus prevents D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver injury in rats. Twenty-one Sprague–Dawley rats were equally assigned into three groups (N = 7 animals per group). B. cereus ATCC11778 (2 × 109 colony-forming units/ml) was administered to the B. cereus group via gavage, and phosphate-buffered saline was administered to the positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) groups for 2 weeks. The PC and B. cereus groups received 1.1 g/kg D-GalN via an intraperitoneal injection to induce liver injury. The blood, terminal ileum, liver, kidney and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected for histological examinations and to evaluate bacterial translocation. Liver function was also determined. Fecal samples were collected for deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA on an Illumina MiSeq platform. B. cereus significantly attenuated D-GalN-induced liver injury and improved serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum cholinesterase levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). B. cereus modulated cytokine secretion, as indicated by the elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in both the liver and plasma (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and the substantially decreased levels of the cytokine IL-13 in the liver (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with B. cereus attenuated anoxygenic bacterial translocation in the veins (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.05) and upregulated the expression of the tight junction protein 1. The gut microbiota from the B. cereus group clustered separately from that of the PC group, with an increase in species of the Ruminococcaceae and Peptococcaceae families and a decrease in those of the Parabacteroides, Paraprevotella, and Desulfovibrio families. The potential probiotic B. cereus attenuated liver injury by restoring the gut flora balance and enhancing the intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long-Xian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai-Qiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Cen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Meng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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de Castro JAA, Guno MJVR, Perez MO. Bacillus clausii as adjunctive treatment for acute community-acquired diarrhea among Filipino children: a large-scale, multicenter, open-label study (CODDLE). TROPICAL DISEASES TRAVEL MEDICINE AND VACCINES 2019; 5:14. [PMID: 31367461 PMCID: PMC6651909 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is among the main causes of pediatric mortality in the Philippines. Probiotics have been shown to be beneficial in the management of acute diarrhea. Accordingly, the aim of this population-based study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of Bacillus clausii as an adjunct to standard therapy in Filipino children with acute community-acquired diarrhea of viral origin or associated with antibiotic administration. Methods A total of 3178 patients (median age of 2 years) were enrolled in this open-label, multicenter, observational study, and were treated with one to two vials of Bacillus clausii in the following bacterial stains: O/C, SIN, N/R, and T (oral suspension of 2 billion spores per 5-mL vial) for 5 to 7 days. Diarrhea duration, number of stools per day, improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms, children’s overall acceptability of Bacillus clausii therapy, and safety and tolerability were assessed. Concomitant treatment with oral rehydration solutions (26.6%), zinc (23.9%), and antibiotics prescribed for conditions other than diarrhea (13.6%) was recorded during the study. All other probiotics and antidiarrheals were prohibited. Results Therapy with Bacillus clausii was well-tolerated, and the adverse event rate was very low (0.09%). All reported adverse events, which included vomiting, erythematous rashes and stool color change, were mild to moderate. In more than half of the per-protocol population (1535/2916; 52.6%), diarrhea was resolved within the first 3 days of treatment with Bacillus clausii. There was no significant difference (p = 0.297) in mean diarrhea duration between patients with either antibiotic-associated (3.3 ± 1.3 days) or viral diarrhea (3.4 ± 1.3 days). However, children who only received Bacillus clausii supplementation without zinc had a significantly shorter diarrhea duration (3.3 ± 1.3 days) compared to zinc-treated children (3.6 ± 1.6 days; p < 0.001). Bacillus clausii significantly reduced the mean number of stools per day, from 5.2 ± 2.0 stools at baseline to 1.2 ± 0.6 stools at study end (p < 0.001). Similarly, the proportion of patients with loose stools decreased from 81.6% at baseline to 9.2% at end of treatment period. Acceptability of Bacillus clausii therapy was high. Conclusion This study adds knowledge on the good safety profile and on the effectiveness of Bacillus clausii as an adjunct treatment for acute childhood diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne A de Castro
- Department of Pediatrics, De La Salle Health Sciences Institute (DLSHSI) College of Medicine, Cavite, Philippines.,2Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pamantasang Lungsod ng Maynila College of Medicine (PLM-CM), Manila, Philippines
| | - Mary Jean Villa-Real Guno
- Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health (ASMPH), Don Eugenio Lopez Sr. Medical Complex, Pasig, Philippines.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Medical City (TMC), Pasig, Philippines
| | - Marcos O Perez
- 5Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, Building K607, Frankfurt am Main, 65926 Germany
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Dib W, Grar H, Gourine H, El Mecherfi KE, Negaoui H, Biscola V, Kaddouri H, Chobert JM, Haertlé T, Saidi D, Kheroua O. Prophylactic properties of Bacillus subtilis in a bovine β-lactoglobulin sensitized mice model. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Functional annotation of the genome unravels probiotic potential of Bacillus coagulans HS243. Genomics 2019; 111:921-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Sales-Campos H, Soares SC, Oliveira CJF. An introduction of the role of probiotics in human infections and autoimmune diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:413-432. [PMID: 31157574 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1621261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, studies exploring the role of microorganisms inhabiting human body in different scenarios have demonstrated the great potential of modulating them to treat and prevent diseases. Among the most outstanding applications, probiotics have been used for over a century to treat infections and inflammation. Despite the beneficial role of other probiotics, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are the most frequently used, and have been effective as a therapeutic option in the treatment/prevention of dental caries, periodontal diseases, urogenital infections, and gastrointestinal infections. Additionally, as gastrointestinal tract harbors a great diversity of microbial species that directly or indirectly modulate host metabolism and immune response, the influence of intestinal microbiota, one of the targets of therapies using probiotics, on the biology of immune cells can be explored to treat inflammatory disorders or immune-mediated diseases. Thus, it is not surprising that probiotics have presented promising results in modulating human inflammatory diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, among others. Hence, the purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of therapeutic approaches using probiotics to constrain infection and development of inflammation on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Minas Gerais , Brazil.,Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás , Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Siomar Castro Soares
- Laboratory of Immunology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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