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Zuo J, Ren J, Yin B, Wang Z, Cui Q, Liu J, Huang D, Pei H, Wen R, Zhang Y, Ma Y. Effects of Sesamin in Animal Models of Obesity-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae089. [PMID: 39074164 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT As living standards have improved and lifestyles have undergone changes, metabolic diseases associated with obesity have become increasingly prevalent. It is well established that sesamin (Ses) (PubChem CID: 72307), the primary lignans in sesame seeds and sesame oil, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Ses on animal models of obesity-related diseases was performed to assess their impact on relevant disease parameters. Importantly, this study sought to provide insights for the design of future human clinical studies utilizing Ses as a nutritional supplement or drug. DATA SOURCES This study conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, identifying English language articles published from inception to April 2023. DATA EXTRACTION The search incorporated keywords such as "sesamin," "obesity," "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," "type 2 diabetes mellitus," and "metabolic syndrome." The meta-analysis included 17 articles on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. DATA ANALYSIS Overall, the pooled results demonstrated that Ses significantly reduced levels of total serum cholesterol (P = .010), total serum triglycerides (P = .003), alanine transaminase (P = .003), and blood glucose (P < .001), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = .012) in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the type 2 diabetes model, Ses mitigated drug-induced weight loss (P < .001), high-fat-diet-induced weight gain (P < .001), and blood glucose levels (P = .001). In the metabolic syndrome model, Ses was associated with a significant reduction in body weight (P < .001), total serum cholesterol (P < .001), total serum triglycerides (P < .001), blood glucose (P < .001), and alanine transaminase levels (P = .039). CONCLUSION The meta-analysis results of this study suggest that Ses supplementation yields favorable effects in animal models of obesity-related diseases, including hypolipidemic, insulin-lowering, and hypoglycemic abilities, as well as organ protection from oxidative stress and reduced inflammation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023438502.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Bowen Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Undergraduate of College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qiqi Cui
- Undergraduate of College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Undergraduate of College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Undergraduate of College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Huanting Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rui Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
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Mirzaei S, DeVon HA, Cantor RM, Cupido AJ, Pan C, Ha SM, Silva LF, Hilser JR, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Rey FE, Laakso M, Lusis AJ. Relationships and Mendelian Randomization of Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites with Metabolic Syndrome Traits in the METSIM Cohort. Metabolites 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38535334 PMCID: PMC10972019 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbe-derived metabolites in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of gut microbe-derived metabolites and MetS traits in the cross-sectional Metabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) study. The sample included 10,194 randomly related men (age 57.65 ± 7.12 years) from Eastern Finland. Levels of 35 metabolites were tested for associations with 13 MetS traits using lasso and stepwise regression. Significant associations were observed between multiple MetS traits and 32 metabolites, three of which exhibited particularly robust associations. N-acetyltryptophan was positively associated with Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistant (HOMA-IR) (β = 0.02, p = 0.033), body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.025, p = 1.3 × 10-16), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = 0.034, p = 5.8 × 10-10), triglyceride (0.087, p = 1.3 × 10-16), systolic (β = 0.012, p = 2.5 × 10-6) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.011, p = 3.4 × 10-6). In addition, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) lactate yielded the strongest positive associations among all metabolites, for example, with HOMA-IR (β = 0.23, p = 4.4 × 10-33), and BMI (β = 0.097, p = 5.1 × 10-52). By comparison, 3-aminoisobutyrate was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.19, p = 3.8 × 10-51) and triglycerides (β = -0.12, p = 5.9 × 10-36). Mendelian randomization analyses did not provide evidence that the observed associations with these three metabolites represented causal relationships. We identified significant associations between several gut microbiota-derived metabolites and MetS traits, consistent with the notion that gut microbes influence metabolic homeostasis, beyond traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahereh Mirzaei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Holli A. DeVon
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rita M. Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjen J. Cupido
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1007 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
| | - Sung Min Ha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - James R. Hilser
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Adams VR, Collins LB, Williams TI, Holmes J, Hess P, Atkins HM, Scheidemantle G, Liu X, Lodge M, Johnson AJ, Kennedy A. Myeloid cell MHC I expression drives CD8 + T cell activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1302006. [PMID: 38274832 PMCID: PMC10808415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Activated CD8+ T cells are elevated in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and are important for driving fibrosis and inflammation. Despite this, mechanisms of CD8+ T cell activation in NASH are largely limited. Specific CD8+ T cell subsets may become activated through metabolic signals or cytokines. However, studies in NASH have not evaluated the impact of antigen presentation or the involvement of specific antigens. Therefore, we determined if activated CD8+ T cells are dependent on MHC class I expression in NASH to regulate fibrosis and inflammation. Methods We used H2Kb and H2Db deficient (MHC I KO), Kb transgenic mice, and myeloid cell Kb deficient mice (LysM Kb KO) to investigate how MHC class I impacts CD8+ T cell function and NASH. Flow cytometry, gene expression, and histology were used to examine hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The hepatic class I immunopeptidome was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Results In NASH, MHC class I isoform H2Kb was upregulated in myeloid cells. MHC I KO demonstrated protective effects against NASH-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Kb mice exhibited increased fibrosis in the absence of H2Db while LysM Kb KO mice showed protection against fibrosis but not inflammation. H2Kb restricted peptides identified a unique NASH peptide Ncf2 capable of CD8+ T cell activation in vitro. The Ncf2 peptide was not detected during fibrosis resolution. Conclusion These results suggest that activated hepatic CD8+ T cells are dependent on myeloid cell MHC class I expression in diet induced NASH to promote inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, our studies suggest a role of NADPH oxidase in the production of Ncf2 peptide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Leonard B. Collins
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Taufika Islam Williams
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Holmes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Paul Hess
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hannah M. Atkins
- Center for Human Health and Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Division of Comparative Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace Scheidemantle
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mareca Lodge
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Kılınç S, Şahin P, Yığman Z, Sevgili AM. Topiramate's effects on normal and fatty liver. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37919963 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2276083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Topiramate (TPM), a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, is known for its anti-obesity effect. Even though, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in 80% of obese patients, TPM's effects on oxidant-antioxidant parameters and CA activity on fatty liver is not known. 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, TPM, diet, and diet + TPM. Diet groups fed with high-fat diet while control and TPM groups received standard chow for six weeks. Than 100 mg/kg/day TPM (po) was added to TPM groups for 21 days. Rats' weight and blood glucose levels were monitored weekly, and at the end of the study liver removed for biochemical and histological analysis. TPM eliminated the increases in weight and blood glucose levels caused by high-fat diet. TPM decreased CA activity in all groups. MDA levels increased significantly in TPM and DT groups (p = 0.004; p = 0.008). GSH levels were decreased in the TPM, D and DT groups (p = 0.004; p = 0.015; p = 0.003). Similarly, GPx activity levels were significantly decreased in all groups. Histological evaluation revealed notable infiltration, eosinophilia and cytoplasmic vacuolization in the TPM group. Steatosis and NAFLD activity score (NAS) were higher in the diet group. Ballooning, infiltration and NAS were higher in the diet + TPM group compared to control. CA activity negatively correlated with MDA (p < 0.001), and positively correlated with GSH (p < 0.001). TPM caused oxidant stress and liver damage, which are exacerbated in NAFLD induced rats. Therefore, use of TPM in patients with liver disease should be considered very carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Kılınç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Şahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yığman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Meltem Sevgili
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Liu L, Li M, Chen P, Li Y, Song Q, Han J, Fang L, Guan Q, Yu C. The Fatty Liver Index, the Strongest Risk Factor for Low Testosterone Level. Obes Facts 2023; 16:588-597. [PMID: 37797596 PMCID: PMC10697743 DOI: 10.1159/000533962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to determine if hepatic steatosis assessed by fatty liver index (FLI) was an independent risk factor for male low testosterone level and whether the FLI was the strongest risk factor for low testosterone level in two different age groups. METHODS Two cross-sectional studies were performed. A total of 3,443 male participants (aged 46-75) were recruited into study A (part of lONgitudinal study (REACTION)). Then a total of 267 male participants (aged 25-45) were recruited into study B. Serum total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, indicators for assessing hepatic steatosis were measured. The Pearson correlation and regression analysis were performed to investigate the risk factors for low testosterone level. RESULTS The FLI had the strongest negative correlation with serum testosterone in the study A (r = -0.436) and B (r = -0.542). Compared with patients with a FLI lower than 30, the risk for low testosterone level increased by 3.48-fold in subjects with a FLI higher than 60 adjusted for potential risk factors in study A. In study B, the odds ratio of low testosterone level in patients with potential hepatic steatosis was 4.26 (1.57-11.60) after adjusted for age and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and 0.59 (0.14-2.60) after adjusted for age, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, body mass index, and SHBG. CONCLUSIONS FLI was the strongest risk factor for male low testosterone level independent of insulin resistance in male populations of different ages; however, the association can be modulated by SHBG levels in the young. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the study, FLI was the strongest negative risk factor for low testosterone level in the Chinese adult male population. The results suggested that hepatic steatosis assessed by the FLI was the main risk factor for male low testosterone level, independent of age, insulin resistance, smoking, and drinking status; however, the association of FLI and TT levels can be modulated by SHBG levels. Taken together these findings indicate that clinical physicians should pay more attention to the FLI index and hepatic steatosis, so that they can take advantage of them for assessing the risk of developing of low testosterone level in the male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geratology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qianmei Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Junming Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose and Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
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Feldman F, Koudoufio M, El-Jalbout R, Sauvé MF, Ahmarani L, Sané AT, Ould-Chikh NEH, N’Timbane T, Patey N, Desjardins Y, Stintzi A, Spahis S, Levy E. Cranberry Proanthocyanidins as a Therapeutic Strategy to Curb Metabolic Syndrome and Fatty Liver-Associated Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010090. [PMID: 36670951 PMCID: PMC9854780 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is steadily increasing worldwide, no optimal pharmacotherapy is readily available to address its multifaceted risk factors and halt its complications. This growing challenge mandates the development of other future curative directions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) in improving MetS pathological conditions and liver complications; C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow or a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet with and without PACs (200 mg/kg), delivered by daily gavage for 12 weeks. Our results show that PACs lowered HFHS-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. In conjunction, PACs lessened circulatory markers of oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation. Similarly, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities of PACs were noted in the liver in association with improved hepatic steatosis. Inhibition of lipogenesis and stimulation of beta-oxidation could account for PACs-mediated decline of fatty liver as evidenced not only by the expression of rate-limiting enzymes but also by the status of AMPKα (the key sensor of cellular energy) and the powerful transcription factors (PPARα, PGC1α, SREBP1c, ChREBP). Likewise, treatment with PACs resulted in the downregulation of critical enzymes of liver gluconeogenesis, a process contributing to increased rates of glucose production in type 2 diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that PACs prevented obesity and improved insulin resistance likely via suppression of OxS and inflammation while diminishing hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease, as clear evidence for their strength of fighting the cluster of MetS abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ramy El-Jalbout
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lena Ahmarani
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alain Théophile Sané
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Thierry N’Timbane
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4L3, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-7783
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Herren OM, Gillman AS, Marshall VJ, Das R. Understanding the Changing Landscape of Health Disparities in Chronic Liver Diseases and Liver Cancer. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:505-520. [PMID: 37347072 PMCID: PMC10281758 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease and liver cancer disparities in the U.S. are reflective of complex multiple determinants of health. This review describes the disproportionate burden of liver disease and liver cancer among racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minority, rural, low socioeconomic status (SES) populations, and place-based contexts. The contributions of traditional and lifestyle-related risk factors (e.g., alcohol consumption, evitable toxin exposure, nutrition quality) and comorbid conditions (e.g., viral hepatitis, obesity, type II diabetes) to disparities is also explored. Biopsychosocial mechanisms defining the physiological consequences of inequities underlying these health disparities, including inflammation, allostatic load, genetics, epigenetics, and social epigenomics are described. Guided by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) framework, integrative research of unexplored social and biological mechanisms of health disparities, appropriate methods and measures for early screening, diagnosis, assessment, and strategies for timely treatment and maintaining multidisciplinary care should be actively pursued. We review emerging research on adverse social determinants of liver health, such as structural racism, discrimination, stigma, SES, rising care-related costs, food insecurity, healthcare access, health literacy, and environmental exposures to pollutants. Limited research on protective factors of liver health is also described. Research from effective, multilevel, community-based interventions indicate a need for further intervention efforts that target both risk and protective factors to address health disparities. Policy-level impacts are also needed to reduce disparities. These insights are important, as the social contexts and inequities that influence determinants of liver disease/cancer have been worsened by the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and are forecasted to amplify disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Herren
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Arielle S. Gillman
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Vanessa J. Marshall
- Office of the Director National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Bethesda, MD
| | - Rina Das
- Extramural Scientific Programs, Division of Integrative Biological and Behavioral Sciences
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8
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Meroni M, Longo M, Paolini E, Tria G, Ripolone M, Napoli L, Moggio M, Fracanzani AL, Dongiovanni P. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertriglyceridemia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:967899. [PMID: 36185699 PMCID: PMC9521372 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.967899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hypertriglyceridemia is a common feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is considered the hepatic manifestation of MetS. Fat accumulation in hepatocytes may alter mitochondrial homeostasis predisposing to advanced liver disease. Here, we report a case of a 40-year-old woman with early aggressive NAFLD due to severe hypertriglyceridemia that ensued from a combination of genetic variants and additional metabolic risk factors. Methods Genetic screening was performed by using whole-exome sequencing (WES), and mitochondrial structures were evaluated by TEM. Results At presentation, the patient is reported to have hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, and raised transaminases. Genetic analysis revealed that the patient beard heritable alterations in genes implicated in lipid handling, among which APOB, APOE, CETP, and HSPG2, accompanied by missense mutations in genes involved in mitochondrial function, i.e., AK2, ALG6, ASPA, NDUFAF1, POLG, and TMEM70. Abdominal ultrasound (US) and transient elastography were suggestive of severe hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related fibrosis. Thus, to better outline whether mutations involved in lipid remodeling and mitochondrial function may also affect organelles’ morphology, we exploited TEM. Along with multifaceted abnormalities of mitochondrial architecture that have been already observed in patients with NAFLD, astonishing ultrastructural defects, such as mitochondrial vacuolization, sub-compartmentalization, and onion-like mitochondria, were identified. Conclusion The anomalies reported may expand the phenotypic spectrum of mitochondrial abnormalities observed in patients with NAFLD, which may contribute to the switching toward a progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Tria
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Napoli
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Dongiovanni,
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9
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Chen Q, Zhao L, Mei L, Zhong R, Han P, Yang H, Li Q, Li J. Association of sex hormones with hepatic steatosis in men with chronic hepatitis B. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:378-384. [PMID: 34116975 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No study on the relationship between hepatic steatosis and sex hormone levels in male patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection has been conducted. AIMS We aimed to investigate the association between serum sex hormones and hepatic steatosis among a cohort of males with CHB. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 268 male patients with CHB were enrolled. All participants underwent anthropometric measurement, blood testing, and FibroScan test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of serum sex hormones with hepatic steatosis. RESULTS We included 137 males with and 131 without hepatic steatosis in this study. Subjects with serum testosterone (T) levels in the highest tertile had an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.35 (0.18-0.70) (P for trend=0.003); those with serum prolactin (PRL) levels in the highest tertile had an OR (95%CI) of 0.21 (0.10-0.45) (P for trend<0.001); and those with serum estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) in the highest tertile had an OR (95%CI) of 4.02 (1.97-8.20) (P for trend<0.001) for hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION Lower serum total T and PRL levels and higher total E2/T are independently associated with presence of hepatic steatosis in male patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second People's Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ling Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second People's Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71, Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second People's Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
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10
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Seo D, Lee YH, Park S, Choi Y, Huh B, Lee E, Huh K, Kim S, Cha BS. Sarcopenia is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 46:362-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Takahashi Y, Watabe S, Togashi-Kumagai A, Watanabe M, Dungubat E, Kusano H, Kobayashi Y, Harada N, Yamaji R, Sugimoto K, Fukusato T. Effects of low ethanol consumption on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Alcohol 2020; 87:51-61. [PMID: 32553943 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several recent clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested inhibitory effects of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, these effects have not been confirmed in experimental studies. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of small amounts of ethanol consumption on a mouse model of NASH. Nine-week-old male obese mice (db/db mice) were divided into the following groups: control, high-fat, and low-ethanol groups. The control group was provided ad libitum access to a control liquid diet, the high-fat group was provided access to a high-fat liquid diet, and the low-ethanol group was provided access to the high-fat liquid diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) ethanol. Eight weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and serum biochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly lower in the low-ethanol group than in the high-fat group (p = 0.033 and 0.037, respectively). Liver histopathological analysis showed that intralobular and portal inflammation was significantly milder in the low-ethanol group than in the high-fat group (p = 0.018 and 0.041, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed among the groups in serum insulin and adiponectin levels, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal (oxidative injury marker) levels, and hepatic cytokine and receptor gene expression levels. In conclusion, the serum transaminase levels and hepatic inflammation in NASH model mice improved after administration of small amounts of ethanol. This study directly demonstrated inhibitory effects of small amounts of ethanol on NASH in mice. The mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Shiori Watabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Arisa Togashi-Kumagai
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Erdenetsogt Dungubat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan; Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, (University Hospital), Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig's Street 3, Sukhbaatar District, 14210, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hiroyuki Kusano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kouzunomori, Narita, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center, Nagaoka Co. Ltd., 1-3-30 Itsukaichi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0005, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukusato
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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12
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Zhang C, He X, Sheng Y, Xu J, Yang C, Zheng S, Liu J, Li H, Ge J, Yang M, Zhai B, Xu W, Luo Y, Huang K. Allicin Regulates Energy Homeostasis through Brown Adipose Tissue. iScience 2020; 23:101113. [PMID: 32413611 PMCID: PMC7226876 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Allicin, a natural product in garlic, has multiple biological and pharmacological functions. However, the role of allicin in the regulation of metabolic organs, particularly BAT activation, has not been well studied. Here, we show that allicin imparts a significant effect by inhibiting body weight gain, decreasing adiposity, maintaining glucose homeostasis, improving insulin resistance, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis in obese mice. These observations strongly correlate with the activation of BAT. Notably, allicin plays a role in BAT activation, which may partly contribute to the Sirt1-PGC1α-Tfam pathway. In addition, allicin can significantly increase the succinylation levels of UCP1 in BAT by inhibiting sirt5, whereas excess allicin induces autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, our findings point to allicin as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Allicin reduces adiposity and maintains glucose homeostasis Allicin activates the brown adipocytes and increases the energy expenditure Allicin enhances BAT activity partly through SIRT1-PGC1a-Tfam signaling pathway Allicin regulates mitophagy via suppressed sirt5-mediated succinylation accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shujuan Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianbing Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Minglan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baiqiang Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Kwon H. Letter: Sarcopenia Is Significantly Associated with Presence and Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (J Obes Metab Syndr 2019;28:129-38). J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:76-77. [PMID: 32045516 PMCID: PMC7118003 DOI: 10.7570/jomes19068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuktae Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Wu L, Sun J, Liu L, Du X, Liu Y, Yan X, Kombo Osoro E, Zhang F, Feng L, Liang D, Li Y, Chen Q, Sun S, Zhang L, Lan X, Li D, Lu S. Anti-toll-like receptor 2 antibody ameliorates hepatic injury, inflammation, fibrosis and steatosis in obesity-related metabolic disorder rats via regulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106368. [PMID: 32151955 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide, which includes a spectrum of histological liver changes. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered to be the progressive subtype of NAFLD, which is characterized by lobular inflammation and cellular ballooning on the basis of steatosis. There is a critical need to develop novel and effective therapeutic approaches for NAFLD/NASH. The activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway plays a key role in high-fat-related inflammation, triggering the occurrence and development of NASH. Herein, the anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody (TLR2 mAb) was prepared and investigated for its ability to ameliorate the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. The anti-inflammatory role of TLR2 mAb in vitro was examined in NR8383 macrophage cells and THP-1 derived macrophage cells. For confirmation in vivo, three groups of SD rats were treated for 20 weeks: rats in the control were fed with a standard diet; rates in the IgG and TLR2 mAb groups were fed with a high-fat diet and with IgG or TLR2 mAb, respectively. Liver tissue and serum were collected for further analysis. Results showed that after 4-week treatment with TLR2 mAb, metabolic parameters in rats were improved markedly (body weight, fasting blood glucose level, liver steatosis, inflammatory response and fibrosis). Moreover, western blotting demonstrated that the TLR2 mAb blocked MAPKs and NF-κB activation, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in rat liver tissue. These effects suggested that TLR2 mAb could improve HFD-induced hepatic injury, inflammation, fibrosis and steatosis by suppressing inflammatory response and regulating the hepatic MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. This suggests that TLR2 may be a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases especially NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province 261061, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Ezra Kombo Osoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yazhao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Sha Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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Uncarboxylated osteocalcin ameliorates hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in KKAy mice via activating insulin signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:383-393. [PMID: 31659239 PMCID: PMC7470804 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin, expressed in osteoblasts of the bone marrow, undergoes post-translational carboxylation and deposits in mineralized bone matrix. A portion of osteocalcin remains uncarboxylated (uncarboxylated osteocalcin, GluOC) that is released into blood where it functions as a hormone to regulate insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. As insulin resistance is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, this study is aimed to elucidate how GluOC regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in KKAy mice, an animal model displaying obese, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. GluOC (3, 30 ng/g per day, ig) was orally administered to female KKAy mice for 4 weeks. Whole-body insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia were examined using routine laboratory assays. We found that GluOC administration significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice by activating hepatic IRβ/PI3K/Akt pathway and elevated the whole-body insulin sensitivity with decreased FPI and HOMA-IR index. Furthermore, GluOC administration alleviated hyperglycemia through suppressing gluconeogenesis and promoting glycogen synthesis in KKAy mice and in cultured hepatocytes in vitro. Moreover, GluOC administration dose-dependently ameliorated dyslipidemia and attenuated hepatic steatosis in KKAy mice by inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty-acid β-oxidation. These results demonstrate that GluOC effectively enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity, improves hyperglycemia and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in KKAy mice, suggesting that GluOC could be a promising drug candidate for treating metabolic syndrome.
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Kim YS, Lee SH, Park SG, Won BY, Chun H, Cho DY, Kim MJ, Lee JE, Haam JH, Han K. Low levels of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin may predict non-alcoholic fatty liver in Korean adults. Metabolism 2020; 103:154026. [PMID: 31765666 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While weight gain is known as a predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, it remains controversial whether adipokine levels predict the development of NAFLD. We aimed to investigate the relationship of total adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and leptin with the development and improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) independent of sex and weight change over a maximum of 8.5 years. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 2735 participants in a hospital health check-up setting. Adipokine levels were measured at baseline. NAFL was assessed with liver ultrasonography, and the development or improvement of NAFL was determined by repeated ultrasonography at follow-ups. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses revealed that total and HMW adiponectin levels were inversely associated with NAFL prevalence. In longitudinal analyses, the incidence of NAFL was 5.6 per 100-person-years during the observation period. The hazard ratios (HRs) per 1 μg/mL increase in the levels of total and HMW adiponectin were 0.900 (0.836-0.969) and 0.846 (0.754-0.948), respectively. Sex-stratified analyses showed that total and HMW adiponectin levels were significantly related to NAFL incidence only in women. In the subgroup of minimal weight change, only HMW adiponectin was a significant predictor for NAFL. Leptin predicted NAFL in the subgroup with weight gain. The improvement of NAFL was influenced by weight change, but not by adipokine levels. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of total and HMW adiponectin may predict the development of NAFL independent of pathophysiological factors including obesity and insulin resistance. This predictability was evident in women. Leptin was a significant predictor for NAFL in the subjects with weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Incheon Veterans Hospital, Incheon 22182, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Youn Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Chaum Medical Checkup Center Samseongdong Branch, CHA University, Seoul 06169, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Yeoun Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Chaum Medical Checkup Center Samseongdong Branch, CHA University, Seoul 06169, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Haam
- Department of Family Medicine, Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhee Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Seonam Hospital, Seoul 08049, Republic of Korea
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Breuer DA, Pacheco MC, Washington MK, Montgomery SA, Hasty AH, Kennedy AJ. CD8 + T cells regulate liver injury in obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G211-G224. [PMID: 31709830 PMCID: PMC7052570 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00040.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has increased in Western countries due to the prevalence of obesity. Current interests are aimed at identifying the type and function of immune cells that infiltrate the liver and key factors responsible for mediating their recruitment and activation in NASH. We investigated the function and phenotype of CD8+ T cells under obese and nonobese NASH conditions. We found an elevation in CD8 staining in livers from obese human subjects with NASH and cirrhosis that positively correlated with α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. CD8+ T cells were elevated 3.5-fold in the livers of obese and hyperlipidemic NASH mice compared with obese hepatic steatosis mice. Isolated hepatic CD8+ T cells from these mice expressed a cytotoxic IL-10-expressing phenotype, and depletion of CD8+ T cells led to significant reductions in hepatic inflammation, HSC activation, and macrophage accumulation. Furthermore, hepatic CD8+ T cells from obese and hyperlipidemic NASH mice activated HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, in the lean NASH mouse model, depletion and knockdown of CD8+ T cells did not impact liver inflammation or HSC activation. We demonstrated that under obese/hyperlipidemia conditions, CD8+ T cell are key regulators of the progression of NASH, while under nonobese conditions they play a minimal role in driving the disease. Thus, therapies targeting CD8+ T cells may be a novel approach for treatment of obesity-associated NASH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates that CD8+ T cells are the primary hepatic T cell population, are elevated in obese models of NASH, and directly activate hepatic stellate cells. In contrast, we find CD8+ T cells from lean NASH models do not regulate NASH-associated inflammation or stellate cell activation. Thus, for the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate that hepatic CD8+ T cells are key players in obesity-associated NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denitra A. Breuer
- 1Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Maria Cristina Pacheco
- 2Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Kay Washington
- 2Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lineberger Cancer Center, University North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- 3Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Arion J. Kennedy
- 1Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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18
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Feng K, Zhu X, Liu G, Kan Q, Chen T, Chen Y, Cao Y. Dietary citrus peel essential oil ameliorates hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis by modulating lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Food Funct 2020; 11:7217-7230. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integration of lipidomics and gene expression analysis provided new insights into in-depth mechanistic understanding of the effects of dietary CPEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konglong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoai Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qixin Kan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Tong Chen
- Shenzhen Agricultural Product Quality Safety Inspection Testing Center
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
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Mizrahi M, Ben Ya'acov A, Adar T, Levy Sklair M, Gaska S, Ilan Y. Oral Administration ofHoodia parvifloraAlleviates Insulin Resistance and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Food 2019; 22:1189-1198. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meir Mizrahi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Adar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Levy Sklair
- Department of Radiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Gaska
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Vahid F, Hekmatdoost A, Mirmajidi S, Doaei S, Rahmani D, Faghfoori Z. Association Between Index of Nutritional Quality and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of Vitamin D and B Group. Am J Med Sci 2019; 358:212-218. [PMID: 31326093 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have revealed that diet has been considered as an important pathogenic factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) is a method of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of single foods and diets, which has special significance in recognizing clinical nutritional problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 295 patients with NAFLD and 704 controls. The dietary intake was assessed through a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. INQ was calculated from the questionnaire data and was compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The controls had higher INQ of vitamin D, vitamin E, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12; biotin, pantothenic acid, magnesium and zinc compared to the patients with NAFLD. After controlling for several covariates, positive associations were observed between NAFLD risk and INQs of riboflavin (ORriboflavin = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-0.78; ORbiotin = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.76; ORpantothenic = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.64; ORmagnesium = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.75; ORzinc = 0.15 95% CI: 0.05-0.42). CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study suggest that subjects who follow a more healthy and nutrient-rich diet, especially in terms of vitamins D, B1, B2, B12, B3 and zinc, are at a lower risk of NAFLD compared to those who consume unhealthy and nutrient-poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sousan Mirmajidi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Diyako Rahmani
- Department of Communication, Journalism, and Marketing, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Food Safety Research Center (SALT), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of nutrition and food sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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21
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Zhou YJ, Chang YN, You JQ, Li SZ, Zhuang W, Cao CJ. Cold-pressed Canola Oil Reduces Hepatic Steatosis by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in KM Mice Compared with Refined Bleached Deodorized Canola Oil. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1900-1908. [PMID: 31183867 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The quality of canola oil is affected by different extraction methods. The effect of cold-pressed canola oil (CPCO) diet and traditional refined bleached deodorized canola oil (RBDCO) diet on lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis in mice were investigated. The body weight, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α concentration, serum lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress were increased in mice fed with CPCO diet, which had higher unsaturated fatty acid, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phospholipids but lower saturated fatty acid than RBDCO, after 12 weeks,. Moreover, CPCO significantly increased tocopherols and phytosterols content in liver and reduced liver cholesterol contents and lipid vacuoles accumulation than RBDCO. Also, serum proinflammatory cytokines, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A reductase expression level, lipogenic enzymes, and transcriptional factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase in the liver were also markedly downregulated from CPCO diet mice. Overall, CPCO can reduce lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in Kun Ming mice compared with RBDCO. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results suggested that more bioactive components were contained in cold-pressed canola oil (CPCO) rather than refined bleached deodorized canola oil (RBDCO). CPCO could lower the risk of obesity and hyperlipidemia, reduce lipid accumulation, and prevent hepatic steatosis. It could be considered as a kind of better edible oil than RBDCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ning Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi You
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sui-Zi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Jia Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China Univ. of Science and Technology, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
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22
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Heo G, Ko KS. Long-Term Feeding of Soy Protein Attenuates Choline Deficient-Induced Adverse Effects in Wild Type Mice and Prohibitin 1 Deficient Mice Response More Sensitively. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:32-40. [PMID: 31008094 PMCID: PMC6456240 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, however the exact cause of NAFLD remains unknown. Methionine, an essential amino acid, is the first limiting amino acid of soy protein, and its deficiency is suggested to cause hepatocyte damage and NAFLD. The objective of this study is to examine the changes in NAFLD susceptibility with soy protein consumption and deterioration due to prohibitin 1 (PHB1) deficiency, an important protein in hepatic mitochondrial function. In this study, liver-specific phb1 +/- mice and wild-type mice were fed a normal diet, choline-deficient diet (CDD), or soy protein diet without choline (SPD) for 16 weeks. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, we showed that SPD attenuates symptoms of hepatocyte damage and lipid accumulation induced by CDD in mouse liver. The liver damage in mice fed the SPD was alleviated by decreasing lipogenic markers and by increasing anti-inflammatory markers. Furthermore, mRNA expression of genes involved in hepatic methionine metabolism was significantly lower in liver-specific phb1 +/- mice fed with a SPD compared with wild-type mice fed with a SPD. These data suggest a CDD can cause non-alcohol related liver damage, which can be attenuated by a SPD in wild-type mice. These phenomena were not observed in liver-specific phb1 +/- mice. It may therefore be concluded that SPD attenuates CDD-induced liver damage in wild-type mice, and that PHB1 deficiency blocks the beneficial effects of SPD against CDD-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gieun Heo
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Ko
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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23
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Concomitant PPARα and FXR Activation as a Putative Mechanism of NASH Improvement after Gastric Bypass Surgery: a GEO Datasets Analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:51-57. [PMID: 30206765 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to non-surgical weight loss (Diet), weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) results in greater rates of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) resolution. Changes in bile acid physiology and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling are suspected mediators of postoperative NASH improvement. Recent experimental evidence suggests that upregulation of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activity might also impact NASH improvement. As FXR partly regulates PPARα, we compared resolution of NASH and changes in hepatic PPARα and FXR gene expression following Diet and RYGB. METHODS We searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify human studies with liver biopsies containing genomic data and histologic NASH features, at baseline and after Diet or RYGB. Microarray data were extracted for PPARα and FXR gene expression analyses using GEOquery R package v.2.42.0. RESULTS We identified one study (GSE83452) where patients underwent either Diet (n = 29) or RYGB (n = 25). NASH prevalence was similar at baseline (Diet 76% versus RYGB 60%, P = ns). After 1 year, NASH resolved in 93.3% of RYGB but only in 27.3% of Diet (P < 0.001). Hepatic PPARα and FXR gene expression increased only after RYGB (P < 0.001). These changes were also found when analyzing only patients that resolved NASH (P < 0.01), and patients without NASH at baseline and follow-up (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared to Diet, RYGB results in greater NASH resolution with concurrent upregulation of hepatic PPARα and FXR. Our findings point to concurrent PPARα and FXR activation, triggered by RYGB, as a potential mechanism to improve NASH.
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24
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Chang CF, Tseng YC, Huang HH, Shih YL, Hsieh TY, Lin HH. Exploring the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and pancreatic cancer by computed tomographic survey. Intern Emerg Med 2018; 13:191-197. [PMID: 29235054 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-017-1774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose in an early stage, and has the highest mortality of all types of cancer. Obesity, high body mass index, and increased abdominal girth are established risk factors. Some studies have postulated that there is a correlation between organ steatosis and pancreatic cancer. This study aims to explore whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor and a prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. The study enrolled 557 patients (143 with and 414 without pancreatic cancer) who were diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2013. We reviewed the abdominal computed tomographic scans of the patients to confirm the diagnosis of NAFLD. Clinical parameters, laboratory data, and personal information were analyzed. NAFLD is an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer according to adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.24-5.58, p = 0.011). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve reveals that patients without NAFLD have longer survival than patients with NAFLD (p = 0.005, log-rank test). NAFLD is positively correlated with pancreatic cancer, a result suggesting that NAFLD may increase the incidence and risk of pancreatic cancer. Patients with pancreatic cancer and NAFLD have poorer overall survival than patients without NAFLD, perhaps, because dysregulated cytokine status leads to progression of pancreatic cancer. NAFLD may be a prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hwai Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
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25
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Randomized clinical trial: benefits of aerobic physical activity for 24 weeks in postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Menopause 2018; 23:876-83. [PMID: 27458060 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic physical activity in reducing the frequency of hepatic steatosis and metabolic and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Forty sedentary postmenopausal women (mean age 55.3 ± 8.0 y) with biopsy-proven NAFLD were randomly divided into two groups: an exercising group (19 participants) and a control group (nonexercising, 21 participants). The exercise group underwent a supervised aerobic physical activity program of 120 min/wk for 24 weeks. The anthropometric parameters; body composition; hepatic, lipid, and glycemic profiles; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; cytokines; transient elastography (FibroScan; liver stiffness/controlled attenuation parameter); and cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated at baseline and after 24 weeks of protocol. RESULTS At baseline there were no significant differences in anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters-stiffness and liver fat content by FibroScan between the groups. After 24 weeks, we observed a decrease of waist circumference, an increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.05), and improved cardiopulmonary functional capacity in the exercise group. In addition, the controlled attenuation parameter analysis showed no significant decrease of hepatic steatosis in the exercise group. With regard to the systemic inflammation, there were, however, no significant differences in the cytokines between the groups. CONCLUSIONS An aerobic physical activity program of 24 weeks in NAFLD postmenopausal women showed improvement in some variables such as waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and cardiopulmonary performance that may be beneficial in improving cardiovascular risk factors in this population.
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Choi JW, Oh IH, Lee CH, Park JS. Is there a J-shaped relationship between the fatty liver index and risk of microalbuminuria in the general population? Clin Chim Acta 2017; 481:231-237. [PMID: 28818597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether the fatty liver index (FLI), as a clinical indicator of hepatic fat accumulation based on body mass index, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, triglycerides, and waist circumference, has an association with microalbuminuria. METHODS We analyzed anthropometric and biochemical data from a nation-wide, population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 1605 participants included were healthy native Korean 40years or older and divided into quintiles according to their log-FLI and sex. Microalbuminuria was defined as urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) between 30 and 300mg/g. RESULTS Participants in higher quintiles of log-FLI were more obese and hypertensive and had greater glycemic exposure, poorer lipid profiles, and greater increases in log-UACR compared with lower quintiles. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that log-FLI was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and log-UACR. In logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, and fasting plasma glucose, the OR of microalbuminuria was elevated in quintile 1 (adjusted OR=2.161, 95% CI=0.453-10.31) and quintile 5 (adjusted OR=6.387, 95% CI=1.317-51.58), when compared to quintile 2. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a J-shaped association between FLI and UACR in healthy general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Sung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Lalazar G, Zigmond E, Weksler-Zangen S, Ya'acov AB, Levy MS, Hemed N, Raz I, Ilan Y. Oral Administration of β-Glucosylceramide for the Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2017; 20:458-464. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Lalazar
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ehud Zigmond
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Sklair Levy
- Department of Radiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nilla Hemed
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itamar Raz
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Gasroeterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Porras D, Nistal E, Martínez-Flórez S, Pisonero-Vaquero S, Olcoz JL, Jover R, González-Gallego J, García-Mediavilla MV, Sánchez-Campos S. Protective effect of quercetin on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice is mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and related gut-liver axis activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:188-202. [PMID: 27890642 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is involved in obesity, metabolic syndrome and the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been recently suggested that the flavonoid quercetin may have the ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, suggesting a prebiotic capacity which highlights a great therapeutic potential in NAFLD. The present study aims to investigate benefits of experimental treatment with quercetin on gut microbial balance and related gut-liver axis activation in a nutritional animal model of NAFLD associated to obesity. C57BL/6J mice were challenged with high fat diet (HFD) supplemented or not with quercetin for 16 weeks. HFD induced obesity, metabolic syndrome and the development of hepatic steatosis as main hepatic histological finding. Increased accumulation of intrahepatic lipids was associated with altered gene expression related to lipid metabolism, as a result of deregulation of their major modulators. Quercetin supplementation decreased insulin resistance and NAFLD activity score, by reducing the intrahepatic lipid accumulation through its ability to modulate lipid metabolism gene expression, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent lipoperoxidation and related lipotoxicity. Microbiota composition was determined via 16S ribosomal RNA Illumina next-generation sequencing. Metagenomic studies revealed HFD-dependent differences at phylum, class and genus levels leading to dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and in Gram-negative bacteria, and a dramatically increased detection of Helicobacter genus. Dysbiosis was accompanied by endotoxemia, intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut-liver axis alteration and subsequent inflammatory gene overexpression. Dysbiosis-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-NF-κB signaling pathway activation was associated with inflammasome initiation response and reticulum stress pathway induction. Quercetin reverted gut microbiota imbalance and related endotoxemia-mediated TLR-4 pathway induction, with subsequent inhibition of inflammasome response and reticulum stress pathway activation, leading to the blockage of lipid metabolism gene expression deregulation. Our results support the suitability of quercetin as a therapeutic approach for obesity-associated NAFLD via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and prebiotic integrative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
| | | | | | - José Luis Olcoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain.
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Kanwar P, Kowdley KV. The Metabolic Syndrome and Its Influence on Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2016; 20:225-43. [PMID: 27063266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent in the Western population. Their pathogenesis is closely linked to insulin resistance, which serves as a therapeutic target for the management of these conditions. This review article reviews the research supporting the influence of MetS on NASH and includes studies supporting their similar epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpjeet Kanwar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York Methodist Hospital, 506, 6th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA
| | - Kris V Kowdley
- Department of Transplant Hepatology, Swedish Medical Center, 1101, Madison Street, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition where there is excess accumulation of triglycerides in the liver in the absence of excess alcohol consumption. It ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD, one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in Western populations, is the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is associated with increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT), insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Studies have also shown that testosterone deficiency is associated with increased VAT and insulin resistance in males while hyperandrogenemia has been associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and VAT in females. Thus, the aims of this review are to discuss the available experimental and epidemiological data evaluating the association between testosterone and NAFLD, to discuss the potential clinical relevance of these data, and to identify gaps in the literature.
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Seo NK, Koo HS, Haam JH, Kim HY, Kim MJ, Park KC, Park KS, Kim YS. Prediction of prevalent but not incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by levels of serum testosterone. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1211-6. [PMID: 25708291 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between testosterone level and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well known. We examined the relationship of total testosterone level with development and regression of NAFLD. METHODS Among the men who had undergone repeated liver ultrasonography in 2 years or more at a health promotion center, subjects with available serum testosterone level at baseline were included in the study. Alcohol consumers (> 20 g/day) were excluded from the study. RESULTS Among the 1944 men, 44.3% of subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. Higher level of testosterone significantly lowered the prevalence of fatty liver (odds ratios per SD increase, 0.686 and 0.795 at baseline and follow-up, respectively). During the median 4.2 years follow-up, 22.4% of subjects in the normal group developed fatty liver, and 21.0% of subjects in the NAFLD group recovered at the follow-up. In longitudinal analyses, higher level of testosterone was significantly associated with the development or regression of fatty liver, before adjustment for obesity and metabolic parameters. However, in the full-adjusted model, testosterone level did not influence the development or regression of fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS Although testosterone level was significantly low in the subjects with NAFLD in cross-sectional analyses, baseline testosterone level did not independently influence the development or regression of fatty liver at the median 4.2 years follow-up. Obesity and metabolic parameters may play key roles in the link between testosterone level and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Kyoung Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Koo
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Haam
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyung Yuk Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Moon Jong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Chae Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Zhu JZ, Zhou QY, Wang YM, Dai YN, Zhu J, Yu CH, Li YM. Prevalence of fatty liver disease and the economy in China: A systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5695-5706. [PMID: 25987797 PMCID: PMC4427696 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between the economy and the adult prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) in mainland China.
METHODS: Literature searches on the PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were performed to identify eligible studies published before July 2014. Records were limited to cross-sectional surveys or baseline surveys of longitudinal studies that reported the adult prevalence of FLD and recruited subjects from the general population or community. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was chosen to assess the economic status. Multiple linear regression and Loess regression were chosen to fit the data and calculate the 95%CIs. Fitting and overfitting of the models were considered in choosing the appropriate models.
RESULTS: There were 27 population-based surveys from 26 articles included in this study. The pooled mean prevalence of FLD in China was 16.73% (95%CI: 13.92%-19.53%). The prevalence of FLD was correlated with the GDP per capita and survey years in the country (adjusted R2 = 0.8736, PGDP per capita = 0.00426, Pyears = 0.0000394), as well as in coastal areas (R2 = 0.9196, PGDP per capita = 0.00241, Pyears = 0.00281). Furthermore, males [19.28% (95%CI: 15.68%-22.88%)] presented a higher prevalence than females [14.1% (95%CI: 11.42%-16.61%), P = 0.0071], especially in coastal areas [21.82 (95%CI: 17.94%-25.71%) vs 17.01% (95%CI: 14.30%-19.89%), P = 0.0157]. Finally, the prevalence was predicted to reach 20.21% in 2020, increasing at a rate of 0.594% per year.
CONCLUSION: This study reveals a correlation between the economy and the prevalence of FLD in mainland China.
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Pisonero-Vaquero S, Martínez-Ferreras Á, García-Mediavilla MV, Martínez-Flórez S, Fernández A, Benet M, Olcoz JL, Jover R, González-Gallego J, Sánchez-Campos S. Quercetin ameliorates dysregulation of lipid metabolism genes via the PI3K/AKT pathway in a diet-induced mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:879-93. [PMID: 25712622 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Flavonoids and related compounds seem to have favorable effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, although the exact mechanisms implicated are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the flanovol quercetin on gene expression deregulation involved in the development of NAFLD, as well as the possible implication of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway modulation. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an in vivo model based on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice and an in vitro model consisting of Huh7 cells incubated with MCD medium. MCD-fed mice showed classical pathophysiological characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, associated with altered transcriptional regulation of fatty acid uptake- and trafficking-related gene expression, with increased lipoperoxidation. PI3K/AKT pathway was activated by MCD and triggered gene deregulation causing either activation or inhibition of all studied genes as demonstrated through cell incubation with the PI3K-inhibitor LY294002. Treatment with quercetin reduced AKT phosphorylation, and oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation and lipid metabolism-related genes displayed a tendency to normalize in both in vivo and in vitro models. CONCLUSION These results place quercetin as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing NAFLD progression by attenuating gene expression deregulation, at least in part through PI3K/AKT pathway inactivation.
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Moriya A, Iwasaki Y, Ohguchi S, Kayashima E, Mitsumune T, Taniguchi H, Ando M, Yamamoto K. Roles of alcohol consumption in fatty liver: a longitudinal study. J Hepatol 2015; 62:921-7. [PMID: 25433160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Roles of alcohol consumption in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are still controversial, although several cross-sectional studies have suggested the beneficial effect of light to moderate drinking on fatty liver. We analyzed the longitudinal relationship between drinking pattern and fatty liver. METHODS We included 5297 Japanese individuals (3773 men and 1524 women) who underwent a baseline study in 2003 and follow-up at least once from 2004 to 2006. Generalized estimating equation was used to estimate any association between drinking pattern and fatty liver assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS At baseline, 1179 men (31.2%) and 235 women (15.4%) had fatty liver; 2802 men (74.2%) and 436 women (28.6%) reported alcohol consumption. At the latest follow-up, 348 of 2594 men (13.4%) and 101 of 1289 women (7.8%) had newly developed fatty liver; 285 of 1179 men (24.2%) and 70 of 235 women (29.8%) demonstrated a remission of fatty liver. In men, drinking 0.1-69.9 g/week (odds ratio, 0.79 [95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.90]), drinking 70.0-139.9 g/week (0.73 [0.63-0.84]), drinking 140.0-279.9 g/week (0.69 [0.60-0.79]), and drinking ⩾280.0 g/week (0.68 [0.58-0.79]) were inversely associated with fatty liver after adjusting for obesity, exercise, and smoking. In women, drinking 0.1-69.9 g/week (0.71 [0.52-0.96]) and drinking 70.0-139.9 g/week (0.67 [0.45-0.98]) were inversely associated with fatty liver after the adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Light to moderate alcohol consumption, or even somewhat excessive amounts especially in men, was likely to protect most individuals against fatty liver over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Moriya
- Department of Medicine, Mitoyo General Hospital, Kanonji, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | - Masaharu Ando
- Department of Medicine, Mitoyo General Hospital, Kanonji, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Roman S, Ojeda-Granados C, Ramos-Lopez O, Panduro A. Genome-based nutrition: An intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3449-3461. [PMID: 25834309 PMCID: PMC4375566 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i12.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are increasing in westernized countries, regardless of their geographic location. In Latin America, most countries, including Mexico, have a heterogeneous admixture genome with Amerindian, European and African ancestries. However, certain high allelic frequencies of several nutrient-related polymorphisms may have been achieved by past gene-nutrient interactions. Such interactions may have promoted the positive selection of variants adapted to regional food sources. At present, the unbalanced diet composition of the Mexicans has led the country to a 70% prevalence rate of overweightness and obesity due to substantial changes in food habits, among other factors. International guidelines and intervention strategies may not be adequate for all populations worldwide because they do not consider disparities in genetic and environmental factors, and thus there is a need for differential prevention and management strategies. Here, we provide the rationale for an intervention strategy for the prevention and management of obesity-related diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis based on a regionalized genome-based diet. The components required to design such a diet should focus on the specific ancestry of each population around the world and the convenience of consuming traditional ethnic food.
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Takahashi Y, Soejima Y, Kumagai A, Watanabe M, Uozaki H, Fukusato T. Japanese herbal medicines shosaikoto, inchinkoto, and juzentaihoto inhibit high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in db/db mice. Pathol Int 2014; 64:490-8. [PMID: 25229199 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effects of Japanese herbal medicines on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To the best of our knowledge, only one study has examined whether high-fat (HF) diet-fed db/db mice are appropriate animal models of NASH. We investigated the effects of four types of Japanese herbal medicines (shosaikoto (TJ-9), inchinkoto (TJ-135), juzentaihoto (TJ-48), and keishibukuryogan (TJ-25)) on hepatic lesions of HF diet-fed db/db mice. Db/db mice were divided into six groups: control diet (control); HF diet (HF); and HF diet supplemented with TJ-9, TJ-135, TJ-48, or TJ-25 (TJ-9, TJ-135, TJ-48, and TJ-25, respectively). Mice were killed after 6 weeks of treatment, and biochemical and pathological analyses were performed. Mice in the HF group consistently developed histopathological features consistent with definite NASH, and marked necroinflammation occurred. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the TJ-9, TJ-135, and TJ-48 groups were significantly improved compared with those in the HF group. With regard to liver histology, TJ-9 and TJ-48 significantly improved lobular inflammation, and TJ-135 significantly improved ballooning degeneration. We have shown that HF diet-fed db/db mice are animal models that correctly recapitulate the histopathology of human NASH and that TJ-9, TJ-135, and TJ-48 inhibit necroinflammatory activity in this model.
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Lai YS, Chen WC, Ho CT, Lu KH, Lin SH, Tseng HC, Lin SY, Sheen LY. Garlic essential oil protects against obesity-triggered nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5897-906. [PMID: 24857364 DOI: 10.1021/jf500803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective properties of garlic essential oil (GEO) and its major organosulfur component (diallyl disulfide, DADS) against the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) with/without GEO (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or DADS (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. GEO and DADS dose-dependently exerted antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effects by reducing HFD-induced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and serum biochemical parameters. Administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg GEO and 20 mg/kg DADS significantly decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver, accompanied by elevated antioxidant capacity via inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 expression during NAFLD development. The anti-NAFLD effects of GEO and DADS were mediated through down-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, as well as stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. These results demonstrate that GEO and DADS dose-dependently protected obese mice with long-term HFD-induced NAFLD from lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative damage by ameliorating lipid metabolic disorders and oxidative stress. The dose of 20 mg/kg DADS was equally as effective in preventing NAFLD as 50 mg/kg GEO containing the same amount of DADS, which demonstrates that DADS may be the main bioactive component in GEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Syuan Lai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Ribosomal protein-Mdm2-p53 pathway coordinates nutrient stress with lipid metabolism by regulating MCD and promoting fatty acid oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2414-22. [PMID: 24872453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315605111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has recently been shown to regulate energy metabolism through multiple mechanisms. However, the in vivo signaling pathways related to p53-mediated metabolic regulation remain largely uncharacterized. By using mice bearing a single amino acid substitution at cysteine residue 305 of mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2(C305F)), which renders Mdm2 deficient in binding ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL11 and RPL5, we show that the RP-Mdm2-p53 signaling pathway is critical for sensing nutrient deprivation and maintaining liver lipid homeostasis. Although the Mdm2(C305F) mutation does not significantly affect growth and development in mice, this mutation promotes fat accumulation under normal feeding conditions and hepatosteatosis under acute fasting conditions. We show that nutrient deprivation inhibits rRNA biosynthesis, increases RP-Mdm2 interaction, and induces p53-mediated transactivation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), which catalyzes the degradation of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA, thus modulating lipid partitioning. Fasted Mdm2(C305F) mice demonstrate attenuated MCD induction and enhanced malonyl-CoA accumulation in addition to decreased oxidative respiration and increased fatty acid accumulation in the liver. Thus, the RP-Mdm2-p53 pathway appears to function as an endogenous sensor responsible for stimulating fatty acid oxidation in response to nutrient depletion.
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Takahashi Y, Soejima Y, Kumagai A, Watanabe M, Uozaki H, Fukusato T. Inhibitory effects of Japanese herbal medicines sho-saiko-to and juzen-taiho-to on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87279. [PMID: 24466347 PMCID: PMC3899375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Japanese herbal medicines (JHMs) are widely used in Japan, only a few studies have investigated their effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the present study, we examined the effect of 4 kinds of JHMs [sho-saiko-to (TJ-9), inchin-ko-to (TJ-135), juzen-taiho-to (TJ-48), and keishi-bukuryo-gan (TJ-25)] on a mouse model of NASH. Db/db mice were divided into 6 groups: control diet (control), methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD), and MCD diet supplemented with TJ-9, TJ-135, TJ-48, and TJ-25 (TJ-9, TJ-135, TJ-48, and TJ-25, respectively). All mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks of treatment, and biochemical, pathological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels and liver histology, including necroinflammation and fibrosis, were significantly alleviated in the TJ-9 and TJ-48 groups compared with the MCD group. The expression level of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA in the liver was significantly suppressed by TJ-48. Although the differences were not statistically significant, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were lower, and those of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)γ were higher in the TJ-9 and/or TJ-48 groups than in the MCD group. Similarly, even though the results were not statistically significant, malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues were lower in the TJ-9 and TJ-48 groups than in the MCD group. We showed that JHMs, especially TJ-9 and TJ-48, inhibited the necroinflammation and fibrosis in the liver of a mouse model of NASH, even though the mechanisms were not fully elucidated. Further studies are needed in the future to investigate the possibility of clinical application of these medicines in the treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yurie Soejima
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Kumagai
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uozaki
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Fukusato
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have reported an inverse association between moderate alcohol consumption and prevalence of fatty liver (FL) in men. We aimed to clarify this association in women. METHODS We collected health checkup data from 4,921 Japanese women without concurrent liver disease (mean age 46.4 years) and performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the influence of alcohol drinking patterns (frequency and amount) on the prevalence of FL as assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS Alcohol consumption was reported in 30.8 % of participants, and FL was observed in 13.8 % (15.5 % nondrinkers, 10.1 % drinkers). Alcohol consumption was inversely associated with FL prevalence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.79, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.98]. In analyses stratified by drinking frequency and/or amount of alcohol consumed, the risk of FL decreased for the following categories: 0.1-19.9 g/drinking day (AOR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.44-0.83) and 0.1-69.9 g/week (AOR 0.74, 95 % CI 0.55-0.98). The amount of alcohol consumed directly correlated with the prevalence of FL in daily drinkers (p < 0.05), whereas there was no correlation between the frequency of alcohol consumption and FL prevalence. Alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower for the following categories: 0.1-19.9 g/drinking day for 1-3 days a week (p = 0.016) and 0.1-69.9 g within 1-3 drinking days a week (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Minimal alcohol consumption appears to have protective effects against nonalcoholic FL disease in women, although an increase in the amount of alcohol consumed appears to nullify the protective effect.
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Monteiro J, Askarian F, Nakamura MT, Moghadasian MH, Ma DW. Oils rich in α-linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the Δ6-desaturase null mouse. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:469-79. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid's (ALA) biological activity is poorly understood and primarily associated with its conversion to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) initiates the metabolism of linoleic acid (LA) and ALA to arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA, respectively. In this study, D6D knock-out (D6KO) mice were used to evaluate the effects of ALA-rich oils in preventing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. D6KO and wild-type mice were fed 1 of 4 high-fat (14% w/w) diets: (i) lard (LD, 0% n-3 PUFA), (ii) canola oil + ARASCO (CD, 8% ALA), (iii) flax seed oil + ARASCO (FD, 55% ALA), (iv) menhaden oil (MD, 30% EPA/DHA) for 8 or 20 weeks. Livers of D6KO mice consuming CD and FD were depleted of EPA/DHA, and enriched in ALA. Markers of fat accumulation and inflammation were lowest in the MD-fed mice, at 8 and 20 weeks, regardless of genotype. CD- and FD-fed D6KO groups were found to have lower liver lipid accumulation and lower hepatic inflammation relative to the LD-fed mice at 8 weeks. In conclusion, while MD was the most protective, this study shows that ALA can act independently on risk factors associated with the development of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Monteiro
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Manabu T. Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mohammed H. Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- International Nutrition Research Inc., Winnipeg, MB R3P 1H7, Canada
| | - David W.L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Lankarani KB, Ghaffarpasand F, Mahmoodi M, Lotfi M, Zamiri N, Heydari ST, Fallahzadeh MK, Maharlouei N, Babaeinejad M, Mehravar S, Geramizadeh B. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease in southern Iran: a population based study. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e9248. [PMID: 23922564 PMCID: PMC3734894 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.9248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population based studies on prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in Iranian population are few. The prevalence of NAFLD and non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in Iranians varies from 2.9% to 7.1% in general population and 55.8% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and determinants of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a sample of adult Iranian general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study being performed in Shiraz, southern Iran during a 10-month period from November 2010 to September 2011 through cluster random sampling of Iranian general population in Shiraz region. All individuals undergone anthropometric, blood pressure measurements, thorough medical history and physical examinations. Laboratory measurements included fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profile, complete blood count (CBC) and liver function tests. NAFLD was diagnosed by transabdominal ultrasonography. RESULTS 819 subjects were included in this study among which were 340 males (41.5%) and 479 females (58.5%) with the mean age of 43.1 ± 14.1 years. NAFLD was diagnosed in 176 (21.5%) subjects. Patients with NAFLD were significantly older (P < 0.001), had higher proportion of male gender (P = 0.004) and had higher BMI (P < 0.001). They also had higher prevalence of hypertension (P < 0.001), high FBS (P < 0.001), high cholesterol (P = 0.026), high triglyceride (P < 0.001) and high waist circumference (P < 0.001). Taking all these together, patients with NAFLD had significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome when compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of NAFLD in this group of Iranian adult general population is 21.5%. NAFLD in Iranian population is associated with male gender, old age, obesity, and features of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112309615, Fax: +98-7112309615, E-mail:
| | | | - Mojtaba Mahmoodi
- Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mehrzad Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Nima Zamiri
- Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Sayed Taghi Heydari
- Department of Biostatistics, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | | | - Najmeh Maharlouei
- Health Policy Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Meisam Babaeinejad
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Soheila Mehravar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Herrera-Meza MS, Mendoza-López MR, García-Barradas O, Sanchez-Otero MG, Silva-Hernández ER, Angulo JO, Oliart-Ros RM. Dietary anhydrous milk fat naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid modify cardiovascular risk biomarkers in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:575-86. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.763908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kim S, Kwon H, Park JH, Cho B, Kim D, Oh SW, Lee CM, Choi HC. A low level of serum total testosterone is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:69. [PMID: 22691278 PMCID: PMC3406998 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between low serum testosterone levels, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and metabolic syndrome is now well known. However, the relationship between hepatic steatosis and serum testosterone levels has not been extensively studied. Our aim was to investigate the association of serum total testosterone levels with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), adjusting for the influence of VAT and insulin resistance. METHODS This study is a retrospective observational cross-sectional one of healthy Korean men and was conducted at the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center. We used data obtained from 495 men who were at least 20 years of age and who had undergone blood testing, abdominal computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of serum total testosterone levels with NAFLD. RESULTS Men in the low serum testosterone quintile were at a higher risk for NAFLD than men in the highest serum testosterone quintile. After adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, exercise, BMI, triglycerides, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, subjects with serum testosterone levels in the lowest quintile had an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 5.12 (2.43-10.77) for NAFLD (p value, 0.0004). The inverse association between serum testosterone and NAFLD was attenuated by further adjustment for variables including VAT; however, it remained statistically significant (OR (95% CI): 4.52 (2.09-9.80) in the lowest quintile; p value=0.004). CONCLUSIONS A low serum total testosterone level was independently associated with NAFLD. This report is the first one suggesting the association remains unchanged even after controlling for VAT and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwondo, South Korea
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Takahashi Y, Soejima Y, Fukusato T. Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2300-8. [PMID: 22654421 PMCID: PMC3353364 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i19.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat accumulates in the liver of a patient without a history of alcohol abuse. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of NAFLD, can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is regarded as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and incidence has been increasing worldwide in line with the increased prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipemia. Animal models of NAFLD/NASH give crucial information, not only in elucidating pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH but also in examining therapeutic effects of various agents. An ideal model of NAFLD/NASH should correctly reflect both hepatic histopathology and pathophysiology of human NAFLD/NASH. Animal models of NAFLD/NASH are divided into genetic, dietary, and combination models. In this paper, we review commonly used animal models of NAFLD/NASH referring to their advantages and disadvantages.
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46
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Li Vecchi V, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L, Di Carlo P, Mazzola G, Colletti P, Terranova A, Vizzini G, Montalto G. Prospective evaluation of hepatic steatosis in HIV-infected patients with or without hepatitis C virus co-infection. Int J Infect Dis 2012; 16:e397-402. [PMID: 22425495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Zhou M, Xu A, Tam PKH, Lam KSL, Huang B, Liang Y, Lee IK, Wu D, Wang Y. Upregulation of UCP2 by adiponectin: the involvement of mitochondrial superoxide and hnRNP K. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32349. [PMID: 22359684 PMCID: PMC3281141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin elicits protective functions against fatty liver diseases and hepatic injuries at least in part by stimulating the expression of a mitochondrial inner membrane transporter, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The present study was designed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying adiponectin-induced UCP2 expression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice were treated with adiponectin and/or different drug inhibitors. Parenchymal (PCs) and nonparenchymal (NPCs) cells were fractionated from the liver tissues for mitochondria isolation, Western blotting and quantitative PCR analysis. Mitochondrial superoxide production was monitored by MitoSOX staining and flow cytometry analysis. Compared to control mice, the expression of UCP2 was significantly lower in NPCs, but not PCs of adiponectin knockout mice (AKO). Both chronic and acute treatment with adiponectin selectively increased the mRNA and protein abundance of UCP2 in NPCs, especially in the enriched endothelial cell fractions. The transcription inhibitor actinomycin D could not block adiponectin-induced UCP2 expression, whereas the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide inhibited the elevation of UCP2 protein but not its mRNA levels. Mitochondrial content of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a nucleic acid binding protein involved in regulating mRNA transportation and stabilization, was significantly enhanced by adiponectin, which also evoked a transient elevation of mitochondrial superoxide. Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory complex I, abolished adiponectin-induced superoxide production, hnRNP K recruitment and UCP2 expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial superoxide production stimulated by adiponectin serves as a trigger to initiate the translocation of hnRNP K, which in turn promotes UCP2 expressions in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K. H. Tam
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S. L. Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bosheng Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Lê KA, Mahurkar S, Alderete TL, Hasson RE, Adam TC, Kim JS, Beale E, Xie C, Greenberg AS, Allayee H, Goran MI. Subcutaneous adipose tissue macrophage infiltration is associated with hepatic and visceral fat deposition, hyperinsulinemia, and stimulation of NF-κB stress pathway. Diabetes 2011; 60:2802-9. [PMID: 22025778 PMCID: PMC3198061 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine in obese young adults the influence of ethnicity and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) inflammation on hepatic fat fraction (HFF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) deposition, insulin sensitivity (SI), β-cell function, and SAT gene expression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SAT biopsies were obtained from 36 obese young adults (20 Hispanics, 16 African Americans) to measure crown-like structures (CLS), reflecting SAT inflammation. SAT, VAT, and HFF were measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and SI and β-cell function (disposition index [DI]) were measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test. SAT gene expression was assessed using Illumina microarrays. RESULTS Participants with CLS in SAT (n = 16) were similar to those without CLS in terms of ethnicity, sex, and total body fat. Individuals with CLS had greater VAT (3.7 ± 1.3 vs. 2.6 ± 1.6 L; P = 0.04), HFF (9.9 ± 7.3 vs. 5.8 ± 4.4%; P = 0.03), tumor necrosis factor-α (20.8 ± 4.8 vs. 16.2 ± 5.8 pg/mL; P = 0.01), fasting insulin (20.9 ± 10.6 vs. 9.7 ± 6.6 mU/mL; P < 0.001) and glucose (94.4 ± 9.3 vs. 86.8 ± 5.3 mg/dL; P = 0.005), and lower DI (1,559 ± 984 vs. 2,024 ± 829 × 10(-4) min(-1); P = 0.03). Individuals with CLS in SAT exhibited upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and monocyte antigen CD14 genes, as well as several other genes belonging to the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) stress pathway. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue inflammation was equally distributed between sexes and ethnicities. It was associated with partitioning of fat toward VAT and the liver and altered β-cell function, independent of total adiposity. Several genes belonging to the NF-κB stress pathway were upregulated, suggesting stimulation of proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Anne Lê
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swapna Mahurkar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca E. Hasson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tanja C. Adam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joon Sung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Elizabeth Beale
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chen Xie
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew S. Greenberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael I. Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Corresponding author: Michael I. Goran,
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Zhang ZB, Sun XQ, Qian F, Xue BY. Role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2036-2042. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i19.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine possessing multiple beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This adipokine is secreted from adipocytes into the circulation as three oligomeric isoforms: trimer, hexamer and the high molecular weight (HMW) oligomeric complex. Adiponectin binds to its receptor to exert its effects on target organs. The hepato-protective activities of adiponectin have been demonstrated by many clinical and experimental studies. Decreased level of serum adiponectin represents an independent risk factor for (NAFLD and liver dysfunction in humans. In animals, elevation of circulating adiponectin by either pharmacological or genetic approaches leads to a significant alleviation of hepatomegaly, steatosis and necro-inflammation associated with various liver diseases. In adiponectin knockout mice, there is a pre-existing condition of hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, which might contribute to increased vulnerability of these mice to secondary liver injuries induced by obesity and other conditions. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in research of the structural, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the hepato-protective properties of adiponectin.
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Schwingel PA, Cotrim HP, Salles BR, Almeida CE, dos Santos CR, Nachef B, Andrade AR, Zoppi CC. Anabolic-androgenic steroids: a possible new risk factor of toxicant-associated fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2011; 31:348-53. [PMID: 21040407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Industrial toxin and drugs have been associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); in these cases, the disease has been termed toxicant-associated steatohepatitis (TASH). AIM This study hypothesizes that the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) could also be a risk factor to TASH or better toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD) development. METHODOLOGY Case-control study including 180 non-competitive recreational male bodybuilders from August/2007 to March/2009. Ninety-five had a history of intramuscular AAS use (cases; G1) and 85 were non-users (controls; G2). They underwent a clinical evaluation and abdominal ultrasound, and their blood levels of aminotransferases, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lipids, glucose and insulin were measured. TAFLD criteria: history of AAS use >2 years; presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound and/or aminotransferase alterations with normal CPK levels; exclusion of ethanol intake ≥20 g/day or use of other drugs; and exclusion of obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and other liver diseases. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance ≥3 was considered insulin resistant. Independent t-test, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS All cases were asymptomatic. Clinical and laboratorial data were similar in G1 and G2 (P>0.05). TAFLD criteria were observed in 12.6% of the G1 cases and 2.4% of controls had criteria compliant with non-alcoholic fatty liver related to metabolic conditions. OR was 6.0 (95% CI: 1.3-27.6). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AAS could be a possible new risk factor for TAFLD. In this type of fatty liver disease, the individuals had a low body fat mass and they did not present insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Adriano Schwingel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPgMS), Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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