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Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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2
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Onfroy-Roy L, Hamel D, Foncy J, Malaquin L, Ferrand A. Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122629. [PMID: 33297478 PMCID: PMC7762382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Onfroy-Roy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
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3
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Meier S, Arends D, Korkuć P, Neumann GB, Brockmann GA. A genome-wide association study for clinical mastitis in the dual-purpose German Black Pied cattle breed. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10289-10298. [PMID: 32921452 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The dual-purpose German Black Pied Cattle (DSN) has become an endangered breed of approximately 2,550 registered cows in Germany. The breed is genetically related to Holstein-Friesian cattle because the old DSN breed contributed to the selection of the modern Holstein dairy cow. In dairy farms, breeders aim to improve animal health and well-being by reducing the number of mastitis cases, which would also reduce milk losses and treatment costs. On the genomic level, no markers associated with clinical mastitis have been reported in DSN. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study on 1,062 DSN cows using a univariate linear mixed model that included a relatedness matrix to correct for population stratification. Although the statistical power was limited by the small population size, 3 markers were significantly associated, and 2 additional markers showed a suggestive association with clinical mastitis. Those markers accounted for 1 to 3% of the variance of clinical mastitis in the examined DSN population. One marker was found in the intragenic region of NEURL1 on BTA26, and the other 4 markers in intergenic regions on BTA3, BTA6, and BTA9. Further analyses identified 23 positional candidate genes. Among them is BMPR1B, which has been previously associated with clinical mastitis in other dairy cattle breeds. The markers presented here can be used for selection for mastitis-resistant animals in the endangered DSN population, and can broadly contribute to a better understanding of mastitis determinants in dairy cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Meier
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Arends
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Korkuć
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guilherme B Neumann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Afratis NA, Klepfish M, Karamanos NK, Sagi I. The apparent competitive action of ECM proteases and cross-linking enzymes during fibrosis: Applications to drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:4-15. [PMID: 29627371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progressive loss of organ function in most organs is associated with fibrosis, a tissue state associated with abnormal matrix buildup. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ failure and death. Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase in the amount of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a tissue or organ. In addition, intrinsic changes in important structural cells can induce the fibrotic response by regulating the differentiation, recruitment, proliferation and activation of extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. ECM enzymes belonging to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidases (LOXs) play a crucial role in ECM remodeling and regeneration. MMPs have a catalytic role in degradation of ECM, whereas LOX/LOXLs mediate ECM, especially collagen, cross-linking and stiffening. Importantly, enzymes from both families are elevated during the fibrotic response to tissue injury and its resolution. Yet, the apparent molecular competition or antagonistic activities of these enzyme families during the various stages of fibrosis is often overlooked. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of MMPs and LOX/LOXL2 in chronic organ fibrosis. Finally, we review contemporary therapeutic strategies for fibrosis treatment, based on neutralization of MMP and LOX activity, as well as the development of novel drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mordehay Klepfish
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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5
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Isidro RA, Lopez A, Cruz ML, Gonzalez Torres MI, Chompre G, Isidro AA, Appleyard CB. The Probiotic VSL#3 Modulates Colonic Macrophages, Inflammation, and Microflora in Acute Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid Colitis. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:445-461. [PMID: 28692320 PMCID: PMC5533272 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417718542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic mixture VSL#3 attenuates colitis in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and in animal models of this condition, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. VSL#3 alters macrophage morphology and secretory profile in vitro in a polarization-dependent manner. We examined the effect of VSL#3 on macrophages in acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Rats were randomized to normal, colitis, or colitis+VSL#3 groups. After sacrifice, the colons were evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic damage. Serum cytokine levels were measured, and microbiome analysis undertaken. Total and M1 colonic macrophages, and total and proliferating hepatic macrophages were assessed by double immunofluorescence staining. Colitis+VSL#3 rats had lower macroscopic damage, with less microscopic damage in the proximal colon, compared with colitis alone. Colitis significantly increased colonic macrophage infiltration, which was significantly reduced by VSL#3 treatment. VSL#3 did not decrease the colitis-induced surge of colonic M1 macrophages or hepatic macrophages. VSL#3 reduced colitis-induced serum cytokine levels, and induced restoration of colonic transcript levels for pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and barrier proteins to, or past, normal levels. Fecal bacteria distribution changed between groups. In summary, the probiotic VSL#3 reduces colitis severity, colonic macrophage infiltration, and serum cytokine levels, but does not dampen the pro-inflammatory phenotype of M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A. Isidro
- Raymond A. Isidro, Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, 00716, Puerto Rico. E-mail:
| | - Abdon Lopez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico (RAI, MLC, AAI, CBA)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico (AL, MIGT)
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico (GC)
| | - Myrella L. Cruz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico (RAI, MLC, AAI, CBA)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico (AL, MIGT)
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico (GC)
| | - Mayra I. Gonzalez Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico (RAI, MLC, AAI, CBA)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico (AL, MIGT)
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico (GC)
| | - Gladys Chompre
- Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico (RAI, MLC, AAI, CBA)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico (AL, MIGT)
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico (GC)
| | - Angel A. Isidro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico (RAI, MLC, AAI, CBA)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico (AL, MIGT)
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico (GC)
| | - Caroline B. Appleyard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico (RAI, MLC, AAI, CBA)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, Ponce, Puerto Rico (AL, MIGT)
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce, Puerto Rico (GC)
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Young Cho J, Yeon Kim H, Me Kim H, Na Song H, Hong E, Hwang JK, Sook Chun H. Standardized ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza prevents murine ulcerative colitis by regulation of inflammation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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7
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Pan Q, Lou X, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Li F, Shan Q, Chen X, Xie Y, Su S, Wei H, Lin L, Wu L, Liu S. Genomic variants in mouse model induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate improperly mimic human colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:25. [PMID: 28154415 PMCID: PMC5453956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is generally accepted as an ideal object to study on the carcinogenesis mechanisms of human colorectal cancer (CRC). The genomic responses to the AOM/DSS treatment in mouse that possibly lead to elucidation of CRC pathological mechanism are still poorly understood. For the first time, we investigated the cancer genome landscape of AOM/DSS mouse model by exome sequencing, to testify its molecular faithfulness to human CRC. Of 14 neoplastic samples, 7575 somatic variants were identified, which resulted in 2507 mutant genes and exhibited a large diversity in both colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors even those tissues that were gained from the similar morphology or same treatment period. Cross-species comparison of the somatic variants demonstrated the totally different patterns of variable sites, mutant genes and perturbed pathways between mouse and human CRC. We therefore come to a conclusion that the tumorigenesis at genomic level in AOM/DSS model may not be properly comparable with that in human CRC, and the molecular mechanism elicited from this animal model should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qiang Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfu Wei
- Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Antoniou E, Margonis GA, Angelou A, Pikouli A, Argiri P, Karavokyros I, Papalois A, Pikoulis E. The TNBS-induced colitis animal model: An overview. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016; 11:9-15. [PMID: 27656280 PMCID: PMC5021709 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease remains incompletely understood. A variety of animal models have been utilized in an effort to provide further insights and develop more therapeutic options. In order to simulate, to an extent, the pathogenesis and the clinical course of the disease, TNBS induced colitis is often used. Various approaches for inducing TNBS -colitis have been described in the literature. Methods/results In this review, we sought to present the animal model of TNBS induced colitis and outline the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical course and pathological characteristics of the model. Furthermore, we describe the differences among those protocols regarding types of animals and colitis induction. Data sources The MEDLINE database was thoroughly searched using the keywords: TNBS, colitis, Crohn's disease, animal model. Two investigators independently reviewed the abstracts and appropriate articles were included in this review. Additional articles were gathered and evaluated. Conclusion The aim of this study was to thoroughly present an updated review of the TNBS-induced colitis protocols that are implemented by researchers. We sought to present the animal model of TNBS induced colitis and outline the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical course and pathological characteristics of the model. Furthermore, we describe the differences among those protocols regarding types of animals and colitis induction. The MEDLINE database was thoroughly searched using the keywords: TNBS, colitis, Crohn's disease, animal model. Two investigators independently reviewed the abstracts and appropriate articles were included in this review. The aim of this study was to thoroughly present an updated review of the TNBS-induced colitis protocols that are implemented by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Antoniou
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Antonios Margonis
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Angelou
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Pikouli
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Argiri
- CT-MRI Department, Larissa General Hospital, Larissa, 41221, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karavokyros
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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de Jesus ER, Isidro RA, Cruz ML, Marty H, Appleyard CB. Adoptive Transfer of Dendritic Cells Expressing Fas Ligand Modulates Intestinal Inflammation in a Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27274906 PMCID: PMC4892183 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing inflammatory conditions of unknown cause and likely result from the loss of immunological tolerance, which leads to over-activation of the gut immune system. Gut macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for maintaining tolerance, but can also contribute to the inflammatory response in conditions such as IBD. Current therapies for IBD are limited by high costs and unwanted toxicities and side effects. The possibility of reducing intestinal inflammation with DCs genetically engineered to over-express the apoptosis-inducing FasL (FasL-DCs) has not yet been explored. Objective Investigate the immunomodulatory effect of administering FasL-DCs in the rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model of acute colitis. Methods Expression of FasL on DCs isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of normal and TNBS-colitis rats was determined by flow cytometry. Primary rat bone marrow DCs were transfected with rat FasL plasmid (FasL-DCs) or empty vector (EV-DCs). The effect of these DCs on T cell IFNγ secretion and apoptosis was determined by ELISPOT and flow cytometry for Annexin V, respectively. Rats received FasL-DCs or EV-DCs intraperitoneally 96 and 48 hours prior to colitis induction with TNBS. Colonic T cell and neutrophil infiltration was determined by immunohistochemistry for CD3 and myeloperoxidase activity assay, respectively. Macrophage number and phenotype was measured by double immunofluorescence for CD68 and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Results MLN dendritic cells from normal rats expressed more FasL than those from colitic rats. Compared to EV-DCs, FasL-DCs reduced T cell IFNγ secretion and increased T cell apoptosis in vitro. Adoptive transfer of FasL-DCs decreased macroscopic and microscopic damage scores and reduced colonic T cells, neutrophils, and proinflammatory macrophages when compared to EV-DC adoptive transfer. Conclusion FasL-DCs are effective at treating colonic inflammation in this model of IBD and represent a possible new treatment for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelmarie Rivera de Jesus
- Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA; Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Ponce Campus, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Raymond A Isidro
- Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Myrella L Cruz
- Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Harry Marty
- Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
| | - Caroline B Appleyard
- Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00732, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Current understanding of the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases relies heavily on data derived from animal models of colitis. However, the omission of information concerning the method used makes the interpretation of studies difficult or impossible. We assessed the current quality of methods reporting in 4 animal models of colitis that are used to inform clinical research into inflammatory bowel disease: dextran sulfate sodium, interleukin-10, CD45RB T cell transfer, and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). METHODS We performed a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines, using a PubMed search (2000-2014) to obtain publications that used a microarray to describe gene expression in colitic tissue. Methods reporting quality was scored against a checklist of essential and desirable criteria. RESULTS Fifty-eight articles were identified and included in this review (29 dextran sulfate sodium, 15 interleukin-10, 5 T cell transfer, and 16 TNBS; some articles use more than 1 colitis model). A mean of 81.7% (SD = ±7.038) of criteria were reported across all models. Only 1 of the 58 articles reported all essential criteria on our checklist. Animal age, gender, housing conditions, and mortality/morbidity were all poorly reported. CONCLUSIONS Failure to include all essential criteria is a cause for concern; this failure can have large impact on the quality and replicability of published colitis experiments. We recommend adoption of our checklist as a requirement for publication to improve the quality, comparability, and standardization of colitis studies and will make interpretation and translation of data to human disease more reliable.
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11
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Shimshoni E, Yablecovitch D, Baram L, Dotan I, Sagi I. ECM remodelling in IBD: innocent bystander or partner in crime? The emerging role of extracellular molecular events in sustaining intestinal inflammation. Gut 2015; 64:367-72. [PMID: 25416065 PMCID: PMC4345769 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Doron Yablecovitch
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Liran Baram
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Li X, Gao Y, Yang M, Zhao Q, Wang G, Yang YM, Yang Y, Liu H, Zhang Y. Identification of gene expression changes from colitis to CRC in the mouse CAC model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95347. [PMID: 24743346 PMCID: PMC3990644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A connection between colorectal carcinogenesis and inflammation is well known, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Chemically induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is an outstanding mouse model for studying the link between inflammation and cancer. Additionally, the CAC model is used for examining novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers for use in clinical practice. Here, a CAC model was established in less than 100 days using azoxymethane (AOM) with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) in BALB/c mice. We examined the mRNA expression profiles of three groups: control untreated mice (K), DSS-induced chronic colitis mice (D), and AOM/DSS-induced CAC (AD) mice. We identified 6301 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three groups, including 93 persistently upregulated genes and 139 persistently downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the most persistent DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic or inflammatory components in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, several associated DEGs were identified as potential DEGs by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. We selected 14 key genes from the DEGs and potential DEGs for further quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) verification. Six persistently upregulated, 3 persistently downregulated DEGs, and the other 3 genes showed results consistent with the microarray data. We demonstrated the regulation of 12 key genes specifically involved in Wnt signaling, cytokine and cytokine receptor interactions, homeostasis, and tumor-associated metabolism during colitis-associated CRC. Our results suggest that a close relationship between metabolic and inflammatory mediators of the tumor microenvironment is present in CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Respiratory Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Mei Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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13
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Karamanavi E, Angelopoulou K, Lavrentiadou S, Tsingotjidou A, Abas Z, Taitzoglou I, Vlemmas I, Erdman SE, Poutahidis T. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator deficiency promotes neoplasmatogenesis in the colon of mice. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:174-187.e5. [PMID: 24913672 PMCID: PMC4101295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) participates in cancer-related biologic processes, such as wound healing and inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of uPA deficiency on the long-term outcome of early life episodes of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Wild-type (WT) and uPA-deficient (uPA(-/-)) BALB/c mice were treated with DSS or remained untreated. Mice were necropsied either 1 week or 7 months after DSS treatment. Colon samples were analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. At 7 months, with no colitis evident, half of the uPA(-/-) mice had large colonic polypoid adenomas, whereas WT mice did not. One week after DSS treatment, there were typical DSS-induced colitis lesions in both WT and uPA(-/-) mice. The affected colon of uPA(-/-) mice, however, had features of delayed ulcer re-epithelialization and dysplastic lesions of higher grade developing on the basis of a significantly altered mucosal inflammatory milieu. The later was characterized by more neutrophils and macrophages, less regulatory T cells (Treg), significantly upregulated cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10, and lower levels of active transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) compared to WT mice. Dysfunctional Treg, more robust protumorigenic inflammatory events, and an inherited inability to produce adequate amounts of extracellular active TGF-β1 due to uPA deficiency are interlinked as probable explanations for the inflammatory-induced neoplasmatogenesis in the colon of uPA(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Karamanavi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophia Lavrentiadou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsingotjidou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zaphiris Abas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vlemmas
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Suzan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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14
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Liu DY, Guan YM, Zhao HM, Yan DM, Tong WT, Wan PT, Zhu WF, Liu HN, Liang XL. The protective and healing effects of Si Shen Wan in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:435-440. [PMID: 22751005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si Shen Wan is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula for the treatment of diseases with diarrhea, such as ulcerative colitis, allergic colitis and chronic colitis. To investigate the protective and healing effects of Si Shen Wan in the experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, and to furture explore its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with colitis treated with Si Shen Wan for 10 days. Colon wet weight, colon organ coefficient, colonic damage score and pathological change after trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid challenge were determined. The levels of MPO, MDA, GSH-PX, SOD and the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the colon were also measured. RESULTS After treatment, colon wet weight, colon organ coefficient and colonic damage score were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). MDA and MPO concentrations in the inflamed colonic tissues were decreased remarkably in the treated groups compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). But SOD level, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression in the inflamed colonic tissues were obviously increased. CONCLUSIONS It is a potential path that protective effect of Si Shen Wan on impaired colonic mucosa rats with experimental colitis was accomplished by down-regulating the level of MDA and MPO, and up-regulating the level of SOD and the IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression in the colon mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan-yong Liu
- JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NanChang, 330004 JiangXi Province, China
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15
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Dudley JT, Sirota M, Shenoy M, Pai RK, Roedder S, Chiang AP, Morgan AA, Sarwal MM, Pasricha PJ, Butte AJ. Computational repositioning of the anticonvulsant topiramate for inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Transl Med 2012; 3:96ra76. [PMID: 21849664 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract for which there are few safe and effective therapeutic options for long-term treatment and disease maintenance. Here, we applied a computational approach to discover new drug therapies for IBD in silico, using publicly available molecular data reporting gene expression in IBD samples and 164 small-molecule drug compounds. Among the top compounds predicted to be therapeutic for IBD by our approach were prednisolone, a corticosteroid used to treat IBD, and topiramate, an anticonvulsant drug not previously described to have efficacy for IBD or any related disorders of inflammation or the gastrointestinal tract. Using a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rodent model of IBD, we experimentally validated our topiramate prediction in vivo. Oral administration of topiramate significantly reduced gross pathological signs and microscopic damage in primary affected colon tissue in the TNBS-induced rodent model of IBD. These findings suggest that topiramate might serve as a therapeutic option for IBD in humans and support the use of public molecular data and computational approaches to discover new therapeutic options for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Dudley
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 251 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5415, USA
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16
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Cheluvappa R, Luo AS, Palmer C, Grimm MC. Protective pathways against colitis mediated by appendicitis and appendectomy. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:393-400. [PMID: 21707591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Appendicitis followed by appendectomy (AA) at a young age protects against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using a novel murine appendicitis model, we showed that AA protected against subsequent experimental colitis. To delineate genes/pathways involved in this protection, AA was performed and samples harvested from the most distal colon. RNA was extracted from four individual colonic samples per group (AA group and double-laparotomy control group) and each sample microarray analysed followed by gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The gene-expression study was validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of 14 selected genes across the immunological spectrum. Distal colonic expression of 266 gene-sets was up-regulated significantly in AA group samples (false discovery rates < 1%; P-value < 0·001). Time-course RT-PCR experiments involving the 14 genes displayed down-regulation over 28 days. The IBD-associated genes tnfsf10, SLC22A5, C3, ccr5, irgm, ptger4 and ccl20 were modulated in AA mice 3 days after surgery. Many key immunological and cellular function-associated gene-sets involved in the protective effect of AA in experimental colitis were identified. The down-regulation of 14 selected genes over 28 days after surgery indicates activation, repression or de-repression of these genes leading to downstream AA-conferred anti-colitis protection. Further analysis of these genes, profiles and biological pathways may assist in developing better therapeutic strategies in the management of intractable IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cheluvappa
- Department of Medicine, St George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Xanthorrhizol attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via the modulation of the expression of inflammatory genes in mice. Life Sci 2011; 88:864-70. [PMID: 21419136 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of xanthorrhizol (5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methylphenol, XA) in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. MAIN METHODS Experimental colitis was induced by exposing male BALB/c mice to 5% DSS in drinking water for 7days. XA (10 or 100mg/kg) was administered orally once a day, together with the DSS. We evaluated body weight, colon length, histological changes, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. A cDNA microarray was used to assess the gene expression profiles that were affected by XA and DSS treatment and a co-citation analysis was used to examine the biological relationship between XA-responsive genes and colitis. KEY FINDINGS Decreased body weight, shortened colon length, and damaged colon were observed in the group that was exposed to DSS. Oral administration of XA (10 or 100mg/kg) rescued these symptomatic and histopathological features. The DSS-induced increase in MPO activity, which was used as an index of neutrophil infiltration, was significantly decreased after treatment with XA. Microarray analysis revealed that XA treatment regulated the expression of 34 genes that were altered by exposure to DSS, and that these XA-responsive genes were associated with colonic inflammation. Furthermore, co-citation analysis and graphing of XA-responsive genes revealed a network associated with the gene that encodes for MPO. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that XA attenuates acute DSS-induced colitis, possibly by modulating the expression of genes mostly associated with colonic inflammation.
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18
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Liang L, Dong C, Chen X, Fang Z, Xu J, Liu M, Zhang X, Gu DS, Wang D, Du W, Zhu D, Han ZC. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate mice trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1395-408. [PMID: 21396175 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x557245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are poorly immunogenic and have potent immunosuppressive activities, have emerged as a promising candidate for cellular therapeutics for the treatment of disorders caused by abnormal immune responses. In this study we investigated whether human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) could ameliorate colitis in a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. TNBS-treated colitic mice were infused with hUC-MSCs or vehicle control. The mice were sacrificed on day 1, 3, and 5 after infusion, and their clinical and pathological conditions were evaluated by body weight, colon length, and histological analysis. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine proteins in colon were examined by ELISA. The homing of hUC-MSCs was studied by live in vivo imaging and immunofluorescent microscopy. hUC-MSCs were found to migrate to the inflamed colon and effectively treated the colitic mice with improved clinical and pathological signs. The levels of IL-17 and IL-23 as well as IFN-γ and IL-6 were significantly lower in the colon tissues of the hUC-MSC-treated mice in comparison with the vehicle-treated mice. Coculture experiments showed that hUC-MSCs not only could inhibit IFN-γ expression but also significantly inhibit IL-17 production by lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) or splenocytes of the colitic mice or by those isolated from normal animals and stimulated with IL-23. Systemically infused hUC-MSCs could home to the inflamed colon and effectively ameliorate colitis. In addition to the known suppressive effects on Th1-type immune responses, hUC-MSC-mediated modulation of IL-23/IL-17 regulated inflammatory reactions also plays an important role in the amelioration of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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19
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Roy NC, Altermann E, Park ZA, McNabb WC. A comparison of analog and Next-Generation transcriptomic tools for mammalian studies. Brief Funct Genomics 2011; 10:135-50. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elr005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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20
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Fang K, Bruce M, Pattillo CB, Zhang S, Stone R, Clifford J, Kevil CG. Temporal genomewide expression profiling of DSS colitis reveals novel inflammatory and angiogenesis genes similar to ulcerative colitis. Physiol Genomics 2010; 43:43-56. [PMID: 20923862 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00138.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis is widely used to study pathological mechanisms and potential treatments of inflammatory bowel disease. Because temporal changes in genome expression profiles remain unknown in this model, we performed whole genome expression profile analysis during the development of DSS colitis in comparison with ulcerative colitis (UC) specimens to identify novel and common responses during disease. Colon tissue from DSS-treated mice was collected at days 0, 2, 4, and 6. Half of each specimen was used for histopathological analysis and half for Affymetrix whole genome expression profiling and qRT-PCR validation. Genesifter and Ingenuity software analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes and perform interactive network analysis. Identified DSS-associated genes in mice were also compared with UC patient data. We identified 1,609 genes that were significantly altered during DSS colitis; the majority were functionally related to inflammation, angiogenesis, metabolism, biological adhesion, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell-to-cell signaling responses. Five hundred and one genes were progressively upregulated, while one hundred seventy-three genes were progressively downregulated. Changes in gene expression were validated in a subset of 33 genes by qRT-PCR, with r(2) = 0.925. Ingenuity gene interaction network analysis revealed novel relationships among antigen presentation, cell morphology, and other biological functions in the DSS mouse. Finally, DSS colitis gene array data were compared with UC patient array data: 152 genes were similarly upregulated, and 22 genes were downregulated. Temporal genomewide expression profile analysis of DSS-induced colitis revealed novel associations with various immune responses and tissue remodeling events such as angiogenesis similar to those in UC patients. This study provides a comprehensive view of DSS colitis changes in colon gene expression and identifies common molecules with clinical specimens that are interesting targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fang
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71103, USA
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21
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Bahmani P, Halabian R, Rouhbakhsh M, Roushandeh AM, Masroori N, Ebrahimi M, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Shokrgozar MA, Roudkenar MH. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase 1, 2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:395-403. [PMID: 19904630 PMCID: PMC3082646 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2, NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin super family with diverse function such as the induction of apoptosis, the suppression of bacterial growth, and modulation of inflammatory response. Much interest has recently been focused on the physiological/pathological role of the lipocalin-2 that is considered to be a novel protective factor against oxidative stress. However, its precise biological roles in this protection are not fully understood. In this report we intended to test the effect of lipocalin-2 on the expression of heme oxygenase ((1, 2)) and superoxide dismutase ((1, 2)) which are two strong antioxidants. NGAL was cloned to pcDNA3.1 plasmid by using genetic engineering method. The recombinant vector was transfected to CHO and HEK293T to establish stable cell expressing NGAL and the expression of HO-1, 2 and SOD(1, 2) were compared with appropriate controls by RT-PCR and western blot. On the other hand, expression of NGAL was suppressed by siRNA transfection in order to study the effect of lipocalin-2 on mentioned genes/proteins. The results showed that the expression of HO-1 and SOD(1, 2) enzymes were higher in cells expressing recombinant lipocalin-2 compared with the control cells. Although the expression of HO-1 was lower in NGAL silencing cells, the expression of SOD(1) and SOD(2) were higher. Our data suggest that NGAL is a potent inducer of HO-1 and somewhat SOD(1) and SOD(2) and it appears that part of antioxidant property of NGAL could be attributed to the induction of HO-1 and SOD(1, 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bahmani
- Science and Research branch, Department of Biology, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, P.O. Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, P.O. Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rouhbakhsh
- Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, P.O. Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasser Masroori
- Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, P.O. Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, P.O. Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Biotechnology, Cellular & Molecular and Burn Research Centers, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Naito Y, Takagi T, Okada H, Omatsu T, Mizushima K, Handa O, Kokura S, Ichikawa H, Fujiwake H, Yoshikawa T. Identification of inflammation-related proteins in a murine colitis model by 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25 Suppl 1:S144-8. [PMID: 20586857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to identify new intestinal proteins potentially associated with acute inflammation using proteomic profiling of an in vivo mice model of ulcerative colitis. METHODS 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrometer (MALDI-TOF) peptide mass fingerprinting were used to determine differentially expressed proteins between normal and inflamed intestinal mucosa. Acute colitis was induced by 8.0% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) given p.o. for 7 days. RESULTS Among a total of seven protein spots showing differential expression, we identified five different proteins, of which two were upregulated and three downregulated in colitis in comparison to normal mucosa, using the MASCOT search engine. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 and serpin b1a were upregulated proteins, and protein disulfide-isomerase A3, peroxiredoxin-6 and vimentin were identified as downregulated proteins. CONCLUSION These identified proteins may be responsible for the development of the intestinal inflammation. 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry are useful in the search for the differentially expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
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23
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Larrosa M, Yañéz-Gascón MJ, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Toti S, Cerón JJ, Tomás-Barberán F, Dolara P, Espín JC. Effect of a low dose of dietary resveratrol on colon microbiota, inflammation and tissue damage in a DSS-induced colitis rat model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2211-2220. [PMID: 19228061 DOI: 10.1021/jf803638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol has been acknowledged with health-beneficial properties. Most of the studies dealing with its in vivo effects assay huge doses, not representative from a dietary point of view. Our aim was to ascertain whether resveratrol can exert anti-inflammatory activity in vivo at an attainable dietary dose. Rats were fed with 1 mg of resveratrol/kg/day (a human equivalent dose) for 25 days, and in the last 5 days, 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered to induce colitis. Effects on colon tissue damage, gut microbiota, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory markers and nitric oxide production as well as gene expression profile with microarrays were evaluated. Resveratrol increased lactobacilli and bifidobacteria as well as diminished the increase of enterobacteria upon DSS treatment. Resveratrol significantly protected the colonic mucosa architecture, reduced body weight loss, diminished the induced anemia and reduced systemic inflammation markers, colonic mucosa prostaglandin E(2), cycloxygenase-2, prostaglandin E synthase and nitric oxide levels. In addition, the expression of 2,655 genes in distal colon mucosa related to important pathways was varied. These results reinforce the concept of resveratrol as a dietary beneficial compound in intestinal inflammation at doses possibly attainable with resveratrol-enriched nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Larrosa
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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24
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Brudzewsky D, Pedersen AE, Claesson MH, Gad M, Kristensen NN, Lage K, Jensen T, Tommerup N, Larsen LA, Knudsen S, Tümer Z. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of SCID mice with T-cell-mediated Colitis. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:437-46. [PMID: 19508375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disorder with an unknown aetiology. The aim of this study is to employ a murine model of IBD to identify pathways and genes, which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD and could be important for discovery of new disease markers in human disease. Here, we have investigated severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which upon adoptive transfer with concanavalin A-activated CD4(+) T cells develop inflammation of the colon with predominance in rectum. Mice with increasing level of inflammation was studied. RNA from rectum of transplanted and non-transplanted SCID mice was investigated by a genome-wide gene expression analysis using the Affymetrix mouse expression array 430A (MOE430A) including 22,626 probe sets. A significant change in gene expression (P = 0.00001) is observed in 152 of the genes between the non-transplanted control mice and colitis mice, and among these genes there is an overrepresentation of genes involved in inflammatory processes. Some of the most significant genes showing higher expression encode S100A proteins and chemokines involved in trafficking of leucocytes in inflammatory areas. Classification by gene clustering based on the genes with the significantly altered gene expression corresponds to two different levels of inflammation as established by the histological scoring of the inflamed rectum. These data demonstrate that this SCID T-cell transfer model is a useful animal model for human IBD and can be used for suggesting candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis and for identifying new molecular markers of chronic inflammation in human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brudzewsky
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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McNabb WC, Knoch B, Barnett MP, Roy NC. Study of the effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids: Molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal inflammation. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2008. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.086508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Martínez-Augustin O, Merlos M, Zarzuelo A, Suárez MD, de Medina FS. Disturbances in metabolic, transport and structural genes in experimental colonic inflammation in the rat: a longitudinal genomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:490. [PMID: 18928539 PMCID: PMC2577662 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) induced rat colitis is one of the most widely used models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition whose aetiology and pathophysiology are incompletely understood. We have characterized this model at the genomic level using a longitudinal approach. Six control rats were compared with colitic animals at 2, 5, 7 and 14 days after TNBS administration (n = 3). The Affymetrix Rat Expression Array 230 2.0 system was used. Results TNBS-induced colitis had a profound impact on the gene expression profile, which was maximal 5 and 7 days post-induction. Most genes were affected at more than one time point. They were related to a number of biological functions, not only inflammation/immunity but also transport, metabolism, signal transduction, tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. Gene changes generally correlated with the severity of colitis. The results were successfully validated in a subset of genes by real-time PCR. Conclusion The TNBS model of rat colitis has been described in detail at the transcriptome level. The changes observed correlate with pathophysiological disturbances such as tissue remodelling and alterations in ion transport, which are characteristic of both this model and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBEREHD, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Whittle BJR, Varga C, Berko A, Horvath K, Posa A, Riley JP, Lundeen KA, Fourie AM, Dunford PJ. Attenuation of inflammation and cytokine production in rat colitis by a novel selective inhibitor of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:983-91. [PMID: 18157165 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), formed by the sequential actions of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H), is a pro-inflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, inhibitors of 5-LO have not proved to be consistent in their therapeutic efficacy in colitis. Another approach to inhibiting LTB(4) synthesis is through the use of inhibitors of LTA(4)H, such as the novel, potent and selective compound, JNJ 26993135. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of oral administration of JNJ 26993135 has been evaluated in a rat model of colitis provoked by colonic instillation of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). The extent and severity of the macroscopic inflammatory response, the colonic levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and LTB(4) and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. KEY RESULTS Oral administration of JNJ 26993135 (5, 15 and 30 mg kg(-1), twice a day) dose-dependently reduced both the extent and intensity of the colonic inflammatory damage observed 3 days after TNBS challenge. JNJ 26993135 also dose-dependently reduced the elevated colonic levels of LTB(4), as well as the inflammatory biomarkers, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. This dosing regimen was supported by the pharmacokinetic profile of JNJ 26993135, along with the demonstration of the inhibition of ex vivo production of LTB(4) in whole blood following oral administration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results with JNJ 26993135 in the rat TNBS model support the role of LTB(4) in colitis and the potential value of targeting LTA(4)H for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J R Whittle
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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Horváth K, Varga C, Berkó A, Pósa A, László F, Whittle BJR. The involvement of heme oxygenase-1 activity in the therapeutic actions of 5-aminosalicylic acid in rat colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 581:315-23. [PMID: 18215658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), the active therapeutic moiety of a number of clinically used anti-colitic agents, is unclear. The present study investigates whether the beneficial effects in vivo could involve induction of the heat shock protein, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), known to provide endogenous anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory moieties which can modulate colonic inflammation. The effects of 5-ASA on the colonic expression and activity of HO-1 along with its effect on the inflammatory damage have been evaluated in the colitis provoked by instillation of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) over 48 h in the rat. Intracolonic administration of 5-ASA (8, 25 and 75 mg/kg/day) dose-dependently reduced the TNBS-provoked macroscopic colonic inflammatory injury, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TNF-alpha levels, while also dose-dependently increasing colonic heme oxygenase enzyme activity. Colonic HO-1 protein expression, determined by Western blot analysis in this colitis model, was likewise further induced by 5-ASA. Intracolonic administration of 5-ASA alone under unchallenged conditions also induced colonic HO-1 protein expression and stimulated heme oxygenase enzyme activity. Administration of zinc protoporphyrin (50 micromol/kg/day, s.c.), which prevented the increase in colonic heme oxygenase activity, abolished the anti-colitic effect of 5-ASA. These results suggest that 5-ASA may exert its colonic anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in part through the up-regulation of HO-1 enzyme expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Daddaoua A, Martínez-Plata E, López-Posadas R, Vieites JM, González M, Requena P, Zarzuelo A, Suárez MD, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin O. Active hexose correlated compound acts as a prebiotic and is antiinflammatory in rats with hapten-induced colitis. J Nutr 2007; 137:1222-8. [PMID: 17449585 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.5.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is a product prepared from the mycelium of edible Basidiomycete fungi that contains oligosaccharides. Here we have studied the antiinflammatory effect of AHCC in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of colitis in rats. Rats received AHCC (100 or 500 mg/kg) daily starting 2 d before (pretreatment) colitis induction and were killed 6 d after the TNBS challenge. The status of the rats was assessed by morphological and biochemical methods. The effect of AHCC on the colonic microflora was also assessed by studying the bacteria profile in feces by standard culture techniques. AHCC administration attenuated colonic inflammation, improving rat weight, food intake, damage score, extension of necrosis, colonic weight, colonic weight-to-length ratio, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities, glutathione concentration, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, TNF, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and of mucins 2-4 and trefoil factor 3. The magnitude of the antiinflammatory effect of AHCC was similar to that of sulfasalazine (200 mg/kg). The study of colonic microflora indicated that rats treated with AHCC had higher aerobic and lactic acid bacteria counts as well as higher bifidobacteria counts, whereas clostridia were reduced when compared with the TNBS group. Therefore, our results indicate that AHCC is antiinflammatory and could be useful as a prebiotic to design functional foods for inflammatory bowel disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Daddaoua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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Varga C, Laszlo F, Fritz P, Cavicchi M, Lamarque D, Horvath K, Posa A, Berko A, Whittle BJR. Modulation by heme and zinc protoporphyrin of colonic heme oxygenase-1 and experimental inflammatory bowel disease in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 561:164-71. [PMID: 17292349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, suggested to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease, may be modulated by endogenous anti-oxidant products of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In the present work, HO-1 expression in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in the rat and the effects of HO-1 modulation, particularly by the HO-1 inducer, heme, were further evaluated. Colitis was induced by intracolonic challenge with TNBS and assessed macroscopically and by myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. Heme oxygenase activity was determined by measurement of bilirubin formation and HO-1 protein expression was determined by Western blotting. TNBS challenge led to an early and substantial induction of HO-1 protein expression and heme oxygenase activity in the colon that peaked after 48-72 h and declined over 10 days. Heme (30 micromol/kg/day, s.c) increased colonic HO-1 protein expression and enzyme activity and decreased colonic damage and myeloperoxidase activity. Short-term administration of cadmium chloride (2 mg/kg, s.c.), another known HO-1 inducer, also reduced the colonic injury and myeloperoxidase levels. In contrast, the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin (50 micromol/kg/day, s.c) significantly increased the colonic damage and myeloperoxidase activity over 10 days, as did tin protoporphyrin (30 micromol/kg/day, s.c). These results support the proposal that induction of HO-1 provides a protective mechanism in this model under both acute and more-chronic conditions, and that its selective up-regulation could thus be of therapeutic potential in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Varga
- Department Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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