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Belita E, Neil-Sztramko SE, Miller A, Anderson LN, Apatu E, Bellefleur O, Kapiriri L, Read K, Sherifali D, Tarride JÉ, Dobbins M. A scoping review of strategies to support public health recovery in the transition to a "new normal" in the age of COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1244. [PMID: 35739496 PMCID: PMC9219400 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public health workforce has experienced re-deployment from core functions such as health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection, to preventing and tracking the spread of COVID-19. With continued pandemic deployment coupled with the exacerbation of existing health disparities due to the pandemic, public health systems need to re-start the delivery of core public health programming alongside COVID-19 activities. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify strategies that support the re-integration of core public health programming alongside ongoing pandemic or emergency response. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was used to guide this study. A comprehensive search was conducted using: a) online databases, b) grey literature, c) content experts to identify additional references, and d) searching reference lists of pertinent studies. All references were screened by two team members. References were included that met the following criteria: a) involved public health organizations (local, regional, national, and international); b) provided descriptions of strategies to support adaptation or delivery of routine public health measures alongside disaster response; and c) quantitative, qualitative, or descriptive designs. No restrictions were placed on language, publication status, publication date, or outcomes. Data on study characteristics, intervention/strategy, and key findings were independently extracted by two team members. Emergent themes were established through independent inductive analysis by two team members. Results Of 44,087 records identified, 17 studies were included in the review. Study designs of included studies varied: descriptive (n = 8); qualitative (n = 4); mixed-methods (n = 2); cross-sectional (n = 1); case report (n = 1); single-group pretest/post-test design (n = 1). Included studies were from North America (n = 10), Africa (n = 4), and Asia (n = 3) and addressed various public health disasters including natural disasters (n = 9), infectious disease epidemics (n = 5), armed conflict (n = 2) and hazardous material disasters (n = 1). Five emergent themes were identified on strategies to support the re-integration of core public health services: a) community engagement, b) community assessment, c) collaborative partnerships and coordination, d) workforce capacity development and allocation, and e) funding/resource enhancement. Conclusion Emergent themes from this study can be used by public health organizations as a beginning understanding of strategies that can support the re-introduction of essential public health services and programs in COVID-19 recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13663-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, HSC 2J22, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Neil-Sztramko
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Alanna Miller
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Emma Apatu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Olivier Bellefleur
- Centre de collaboration nationale sur les politiques publiques et la santé (CCNPPS), National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP) , 190, boulevard Crémazie Est, Montréal, Québec, H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Lydia Kapiriri
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W. KTH 236, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Kristin Read
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster Innovation Park, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jean-Éric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools , 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
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Harville EW, Beitsch L, Uejio CK, Sherchan S, Lichtveld MY. Assessing the effects of disasters and their aftermath on pregnancy and infant outcomes: A conceptual model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 62:102415. [PMID: 34336567 PMCID: PMC8318346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have examined broad patterns of effects on pregnancy and infant outcomes after disasters, the causes of adverse outcomes are not always clear. Disasters cause interrelated exposure to environmental pollutants, psychological stressors, and lack of health care, and interacts with other social determinants of health. This topical review examines the short- and long-term effects of disasters on pregnancy and how they are mediated by social, behavioral, and environmental effects. In the short term, disasters are associated with physical trauma, adverse environmental exposures, and unstable housing. In the longer term, disasters may lead to relocation, changes in family functioning, and negative economic effects. These aspects of disaster exposure, in turn, lead to lack of access to health care, increased stress and negative mental health outcomes, and negative behavioral changes, including smoking and substance use, poor nutrition, physical overexertion and limited activity, and reduction in breastfeeding. All of these factors interact with social determinants of health to worsen effects on the most vulnerable women, infants, and communities. Few interventions after disasters have been tested. With the increase in disasters due to climate change and the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, the models of effects of disasters and their human health consequences need increasing refinement, and, more importantly, should be applied to interventions that improve disaster prevention, mitigation, and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Leslie Beitsch
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Christopher K Uejio
- Department of Geography, College of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Samendra Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Maureen Y Lichtveld
- Professor and Chair, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Currently Dean and professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Latorre G, Martinelli D, Guida P, Masi E, De Benedictis R, Maggio L. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on exclusive breastfeeding in non-infected mothers. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:36. [PMID: 33865408 PMCID: PMC8052849 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-021-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed several challenges to the provision of newborn nutrition and care interventions including maternal support, breastfeeding and family participatory care. Italy was the first country to be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Europe. One of the measures adopted by the Italian government during COVID-19 pandemic was the total lockdown of the cities with complete confinement at home. We aimed to examine the impact of the lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic on exclusive breastfeeding in non-infected mothers. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 204 mother-baby dyads during lockdown (9 March to 8 May 2020) that we compared to previously studied 306 mother-baby dyads admitted during the year 2018. To reduce the possible effect of confounding factors on exclusive breastfeeding, a 1:1 matching was performed by using an automatized procedure of stratification that paired 173 mother-baby dyads. Feeding modality was collected at discharge, 30 and 90 days of newborn's life. Exclusive breastfeeding was considered when the infant received only breast milk and no other liquids or solids were given with the exception of vitamins, minerals or medicines. RESULTS At discharge 69.4% of infants were exclusively breastfed during lockdown versus 97.7% of control group, 54.3% at 30 days vs 76.3 and 31.8% vs 70.5% at 90 days (p < 0.001). The proportion of breastfeeding remaining exclusive from discharge to 30-day was similar between groups (about 80%), but it was lower in lockdown group than in control cohort (58.5% vs 92.4%, p < 0.001) from 30- to 90-days. CONCLUSIONS Lockdown and home confinement led to a decrease of exclusively breastfeeding in the studied population. Considering the timing to shift from exclusive to non-exclusive breastfeeding, differences between study groups were concentrated during hospital stay and from 30- to 90 days of a newborn's life, confirming that the hospital stay period is crucial in continuing exclusive breastfeeding at least for the first 30 days, but no longer relevant at 90 days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Latorre
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ecclesiastical General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy.
| | - Domenico Martinelli
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ecclesiastical General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Pietro Guida
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ecclesiastical General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Ester Masi
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ecclesiastical General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Roberta De Benedictis
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ecclesiastical General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Luca Maggio
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Romeo AN, Leedom V, Nance A, Chambers C, Contreras D, Lupo PJ, Kirby RS. Promoting collaborations to improve birth defects surveillance, research, and prevention: A joint editorial from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network and the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:117-122. [PMID: 33314656 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred N Romeo
- Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, Mother To Baby Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Vinita Leedom
- South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Birth Defects Program, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Nance
- Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Children with Special Health Care Needs, Utah Birth Defect Network, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christina Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics and Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dianna Contreras
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Bureau of Public Health Statistics, Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Russell S Kirby
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Moreno-Walton L, Koenig K. Disaster Resilience: Addressing Gender Disparities. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sato M, Nakamura Y, Atogami F, Horiguchi R, Tamaki R, Yoshizawa T, Oshitani H. Immediate Needs and Concerns among Pregnant Women During and after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). PLOS CURRENTS 2016; 8. [PMID: 26865988 PMCID: PMC4743840 DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.29e4c0c810db47d7fd8d0d1fb782892c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnant and postpartum women are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. These women suffer from increased risk of physical and mental issues including pregnant related problems. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), which hit the Philippines affected a large number of people and caused devastating damages. During and after the typhoon, pregnant women were forced to live in particularly difficult circumstances. The purpose of this study was to determine concerns and problems regarding public health needs and coping mechanisms among pregnant women during and shortly after the typhoon. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design utilizing focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were 53 women (mean age: 26.6 years old; 42 had children) from four affected communities who were pregnant at the time of the typhoon. FGDs were conducted 4 months after the typhoon, from March 19 to 28, 2014, using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis. Result: Three themes were identified regarding problems and concerns during and after the typhoon: 1) having no ideas what is going to happen during the evacuation, 2) lacking essentials to survive, and 3) being unsure of how to deal with health concerns. Two themes were identified as means of solving issues: 1) finding food for survival and 2) avoiding diseases to save my family. As the pregnant women already had several typhoon experiences without any major problems, they underestimated the catastrophic nature of this typhoon. During the typhoon, the women could not ensure their safety and did not have a strong sense of crisis management. They suffered from hunger, food shortage, and poor sanitation. Moreover, though the women had fear and anxiety regarding their pregnancy, they had no way to resolve these concerns. Pregnant women and their families also suffered from common health problems for which they would usually seek medical services. Under such conditions, the pregnant woman cooperated with others for survival and used their knowledge of disease prevention. Discussion: Pregnant women experienced difficulties with evacuation, a lack of minimum survival needs, and attending to their own health issues. Pregnant women were also concerned about needs and health issues of their families, particular, when they had small children. Collecting accurate information regarding the disaster and conducting self-sustainable preparation prior to the disaster among pregnant women will help them to protect their pregnancy status, thereby improving their families’ chance of survival during and after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sato
- Department of Maternal Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuka Nakamura
- Women's Health Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumi Atogami
- Women's Health Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ribeka Horiguchi
- Maternal and Child Center in Takaishi City, Takaishi, Osaka, Japan Takaishi-shiritsu maternal and child health birthing center
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Toyoko Yoshizawa
- Women's Health Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Quinn D. Funding for teratology information services: up, down, and all around. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2012; 94:660-663. [PMID: 22678653 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Funding for Teratology Information Services has been an ongoing struggle over the 25 years of its existence. Traditional and novel funding mechanisms have been explored with varying success. The importance of providing teratology risk assessment and counseling to all women of reproductive age is now an established health care objective. Sufficient and stable funding for these services is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Quinn
- University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ 85721-0202, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize recent studies exploring the relationship between paternal and maternal environmental exposures to chemicals before, at the time of and after conception to adverse developmental outcomes including preterm birth, death, structural and functional abnormalities and growth restriction. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have demonstrated that human pregnancy and development are vulnerable to environmental exposures of the father and mother to chemical, biological and physical agents. Exposures associated with adverse developmental outcomes include air and water pollution, chemicals in foods, occupational exposures, agricultural chemicals, metals, persistent and volatile organics. Developmental endpoints which are linked with these exposures include growth restriction, functional abnormalities, structural abnormalities, preterm delivery and death. Despite this general understanding we still have incomplete knowledge concerning most exposures and the biological interactions responsible for impaired development and preterm delivery. SUMMARY Whereas single genes and individual chemical exposures are responsible for some instances of adverse pregnancy outcome or developmental disease, gene-environment interactions are responsible for the majority. These gene-environment interactions may occur in the father, mother, placenta or fetus, suggesting that critical attention be given to maternal and paternal exposures and gene expression as they relate to the mode of action of the putative developmental toxicant both prior to and during pregnancy.
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Abstract
We review the literature on the effects of Hurricane Katrina on perinatal health, and providing data from our own research on pregnant and postpartum women. After Katrina, obstetric, prenatal, and neonatal care was compromised in the short term, but increases in adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, low birthweight, and maternal complications were mostly limited to highly exposed women. Both pregnant and postpartum women had rates of post-traumatic stress disorder similar to, or lower than, others exposed to Katrina, and rates of depression similar to other pregnant and postpartum populations. Health behaviors, such as smoking and breastfeeding, may have been somewhat negatively affected by the disaster, whereas effects on nutrition were likely associated with limited time, money, and food choices, and indicated by both weight gain and loss. We conclude that, with a few specific exceptions, postdisaster concerns and health outcomes for pregnant and postpartum women were similar to those of other people exposed to Hurricane Katrina. In such situations, disaster planners and researchers should focus on providing care and support for the normal concerns of the peripartum period, such as breastfeeding, depression, and smoking cessation. Contraception needs to be available for those who do not want to become pregnant. Although additional physical and mental health care needs to be provided for the most severely exposed women and their babies, many women are capable of surviving and thriving in postdisaster environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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