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Sayama Y, Okamoto M, Saito M, Tamaki R, Saito-Obata M, Quicho RFN, Joboco CD, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Lack of Zoonotic Coronavirus Species Detected Among Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia in the Philippines. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1612-1613. [PMID: 37470404 PMCID: PMC10686940 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sayama
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Sayama Y, Okamoto M, Saito M, Saito-Obata M, Tamaki R, Joboco CD, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Seroprevalence of four endemic human coronaviruses and, reactivity and neutralization capability against SARS-CoV-2 among children in the Philippines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2310. [PMID: 36759702 PMCID: PMC9909632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV), HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43, are closely related to SARS-CoV-2. These coronaviruses are known to infect humans living in temperate areas, including children under 5 years old; however, the seroprevalence of four HCoVs among children in tropical areas, including the Philippines, remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of antibodies against four HCoVs and to determine the reactivity and neutralization of these antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among children in the Philippines. A total of 315 serum samples collected from 2015 to 2018, before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, in Biliran island, Philippines, were tested for the presence of antibodies against four HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 using recombinant spike ectodomain proteins by IgG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactivity to and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 were also investigated. The seroprevalence of the four HCoVs was 63.8% for HCoV-229E, 71.4% for HCoV-NL63, 76.5% for HCoV-HKU1, and 83.5% for HCoV-OC43 by ELISA. Age group analysis indicated that seropositivity to all HCoVs reached 80% by 2-3 years of age. While 69/315 (21.9%) of the samples showed reactive to SARS-CoV-2, almost no neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 was detected using neutralization assay. Reactivity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein obtained by ELISA may not correlate with neutralization capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sayama
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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Sayama A, Okamoto M, Tamaki R, Saito-Obata M, Saito M, Kamigaki T, Sayama Y, Lirio I, Manalo JIG, Tallo VL, Lupisan SP, Oshitani H. Comparison of Rhinovirus A-, B-, and C-Associated Respiratory Tract Illness Severity Based on the 5'-Untranslated Region Among Children Younger Than 5 Years. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac387. [PMID: 36267245 PMCID: PMC9579461 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhinoviruses (RVs) are among the most frequently detected viruses from hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections, being classified into RV-A, RV-B, and RV-C (4 clades: C, GAC1, GAC2, and A2). This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and respiratory tract illness severity between the RV species and RV-C clades in children in primary care and hospital settings in rural communities in the Philippines. Methods Clinical samples and information of children <5 years old in the Philippines were collected from 2014 to 2016. The samples were tested by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the 5′-untranslated region. PCR-positive samples were sequenced, and RV species were identified by phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, 3680 respiratory tract illness episodes in 1688 cohort children were documented; 713 of those were RV positive and identified as RV-A (n = 271), RV-B (n = 47), and RV-C (n = 395: C [n = 76], GAG1 [n = 172], GAG2 [n = 8], A2 [n = 138], and unidentified [n = 1]). Severe illnesses, low oxygen saturation, cough, and wheezing were more common in patients with RV-C, especially with GAC1, than in those with RV-A or RV-B. Furthermore, severe illness was significantly more common in RV-C (GAC1)–positive cases than in RV-A–positive cases (odds ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.17–4.13]). Conclusions Children infected with RV-C had more severe illnesses than children infected with RV-A and RV-B. Moreover, emerging clades of RV-C were associated with increased severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sayama
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan,Kenya Ministry of Health Disease Surveillance and Response Unit, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sayama
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Irene Lirio
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Veronica L Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Correspondence: Hitoshi Oshitani, MD, PhD, Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan ()
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Furuse Y, Tamaki R, Suzuki A, Kamigaki T, Okamoto M, Saito-Obata M, Nakagawa E, Saito M, Segubre-Mercado E, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with acute respiratory viral infections in the Philippines: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:1037.e9-1037.e14. [PMID: 32950713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) remains a major global health problem, especially among children in low- and middle-income countries. The study was conducted to reveal aetiological significance of respiratory viruses among both non-hospitalized and hospitalized children. METHODS A cohort study of children with ARI at the household, primary healthcare facility, and hospital levels was conducted alongside a hospital-based study including non-cohort children from 2014 to 2016 in the Philippines. The ARI cases were recorded at households and healthcare facilities, and a clinical investigation was performed. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the symptomatic children and tested for respiratory viruses via polymerase chain reaction. Then, the association between healthcare facility utilization and viral detection was investigated. RESULTS Overall, 18,514 ARI cases were enrolled in the cohort study, and samples were collected from 4735 of these cases. The hospital-based study detected 648 ARI cases, all of which were sampled. Rhinovirus (22.2%; 1052/4735) was most frequently detected followed by respiratory syncytial virus (12.0%; 566/4735). Enterovirus (adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.8), human metapneumovirus (2.1, 1.4-3.2), rhinovirus (2.1, 1.8-2.6), and respiratory syncytial virus (1.6, 1.2-1.9) were significantly more prevalent in the ARI cases at healthcare facilities than in those in households. Of all ARI cases, 0.6% required hospitalization while 1.8% were hospitalized among the respiratory syncytial virus-positive cases (3.8, 3.0-4.9). CONCLUSIONS We determined the prevalence of respiratory viruses among children with ARIs at the household, primary healthcare facility, and hospital levels and the association with clinical characteristics. In particular, we discovered a significant disease burden and impact of respiratory syncytial virus infections as well as a considerable aetiological implication of rhinovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Furuse
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Emiko Nakagawa
- RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Sato M, Oshitani H, Tamaki R, Oyamada N, Sato K, Nadra AR, Landicho J, Alday PP, Lupisan SP, Tallo VL. Factors affecting mothers' intentions to visit healthcare facilities before hospitalisation of children with pneumonia in Biliran province, Philippines: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036261. [PMID: 32847907 PMCID: PMC7451295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite a substantial reduction in the mortality rate of children under 5 years in the past 25 years, pneumonia remains the single-largest infectious cause of child deaths worldwide. This study explored the chronological order of visited healthcare facilities and practitioners, and the factors affecting mothers' intention to seek care before the hospitalisation of children with pneumonia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A qualitative research design was employed using theory of planned behaviour as a framework for the analysis. Using purposive sampling technique, 11 mothers, whose children under 5 years old were hospitalised with severe pneumonia, were recruited for individual semi-structured interviews. Their socio-demographic information was analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Mothers brought their sick children to multiple facilities, and 1 to 19 days had passed before hospitalisation. We identified four major factors determining mothers' intentions: (1) doing something useful for the sick child, (2) expecting the child to receive the necessary assessment and treatment, (3) accepting advice to visit a healthcare facility and be referred to a hospital and (4) considering issues and benefits associated with hospitalisation. Mothers noticed their children's unusual symptoms and monitored them while applying home remedies. They also took their children to traditional healers despite knowing that the treatments were not necessarily effective. Mothers expected children to be checked by health professionals and listened to advice from family members regarding the facilities to visit, and from healthcare staff to be referred to a hospital. Financial issues and the double burden of housework and caring for the hospitalised child were mothers' major concerns about hospitalisation. CONCLUSION Children were hospitalised after several days because they visited multiple healthcare facilities, including traditional healers. Improving care quality at healthcare facilities and reducing financial and mothers' burden may reduce the hospitalisation delay for children with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sato
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nobuko Oyamada
- Department of Maternal Nursing, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kineko Sato
- Department of Maternal Nursing, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Jhoys Landicho
- Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Portia P Alday
- Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Socorro P Lupisan
- Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Veronica L Tallo
- Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
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6
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Reñosa MDC, Tan AG, Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Landicho JM, Alday PP, Tallo VL, Oshitani H. Health-seeking practices of caregivers and determinants in responding to acute respiratory infection episodes in Biliran Island, Philippines. Journal of Global Health Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.29392/001c.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Donald C Reñosa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
| | - Alvin G Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Jhoys M Landicho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
| | - Portia P Alday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
| | - Veronica L Tallo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
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Furuse Y, Tamaki R, Okamoto M, Saito-Obata M, Suzuki A, Saito M, Imamura T, Khandaker I, Dapat I, Ueno F, Alday PP, Tan AG, Inobaya MT, Segubre-Mercado E, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Association Between Preceding Viral Respiratory Infection and Subsequent Respiratory Illnesses Among Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Philippines. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:197-205. [PMID: 30189092 PMCID: PMC6306022 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is of great concern in public health. It remains unclear whether viral infections can affect the host’s susceptibility to subsequent ARIs. Methods A prospective cohort study on ARIs of children below 5 years old was conducted in the Philippines from 2014 to 2016. The respiratory symptoms were recorded daily, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at both household and health facilities. The specimens were tested for respiratory viruses. We then determined whether viral etiology was associated with the severity of the present ARI and whether previous viral infections was associated with subsequent ARIs. Results A total of 3851 children and 16337 ARI episodes were enrolled and recorded, respectively. Samples were collected from 24% of all ARI episodes; collection rate at the healthcare facilities was 95%. Enterovirus D68, rhinovirus species C, and respiratory syncytial virus were significantly associated with severe ARIs. The risk for subsequent ARIs was significantly enhanced after infections with adenovirus, influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus type 4, and rhinovirus species C. Conclusions This study revealed that viral etiology plays a significant role in the severity of the present ARI and that viral infection affects the host’s susceptibility to subsequent ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Furuse
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.,Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Japan.,Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Imamura
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Irona Khandaker
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Isolde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Alvin Gue Tan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | | | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Dembele BPP, Kamigaki T, Dapat C, Tamaki R, Saito M, Saito M, Okamoto M, Igoy MAU, Mercado ES, Mondoy M, Tallo VL, Lupisan SP, Egawa S, Oshitani H. Aetiology and risks factors associated with the fatal outcomes of childhood pneumonia among hospitalised children in the Philippines from 2008 to 2016: a case series study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026895. [PMID: 30928958 PMCID: PMC6475207 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pneumonia remains the leading cause of hospitalisations and deaths among children aged <5 years. Diverse respiratory pathogens cause acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia. Here, we analysed viral and bacterial pathogens and risk factors associated with death of hospitalised children. DESIGN A 9-year case series study. SETTING Two secondary-care hospitals, one tertiary-care hospital and one research centre in the Philippines. PARTICIPANTS 5054 children aged <5 years hospitalised with severe pneumonia. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swabs for virus identification, and venous blood samples for bacterial culture were collected. Demographic, clinical data and laboratory findings were collected at admission time. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with death. RESULTS Of the enrolled patients, 57% (2876/5054) were males. The case fatality rate was 4.7% (238/5054), showing a decreasing trend during the study period (p<0.001). 55.0% of the patients who died were either moderately or severely underweight. Viruses were detected in 61.0% of the patients, with respiratory syncytial virus (27.0%) and rhinovirus (23.0%) being the most commonly detected viruses. In children aged 2-59 months, the risk factors significantly associated with death included age of 2-5 months, sensorial changes, severe malnutrition, grunting, central cyanosis, decreased breath sounds, tachypnoea, fever (≥38.5°C), saturation of peripheral oxygen <90%, infiltration, consolidation and pleural effusion on chest radiograph.Among the pathogens, adenovirus type 7, seasonal influenza A (H1N1) and positive blood culture for bacteria were significantly associated with death. Similar patterns were observed between the death cases and the aforementioned factors in children aged <2 months. CONCLUSION Malnutrition was the most common factor associated with death and addressing this issue may decrease the case fatality rate. In addition, chest radiographic examination and oxygen saturation measurement should be promoted in all hospitalised patients with pneumonia as well as bacteria detection to identify patients who are at risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito
- Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mary Ann U Igoy
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Melisa Mondoy
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Veronica L Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Socorro P Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Shinichi Egawa
- Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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9
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Ueno F, Tamaki R, Saito M, Okamoto M, Saito-Obata M, Kamigaki T, Suzuki A, Segubre-Mercado E, Aloyon HD, Tallo V, Lupisan SP, Oshitani H. Age-specific incidence rates and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness in cohort children under 5 years old in the Philippines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:339-353. [PMID: 30891896 PMCID: PMC6586181 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main viral causes of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI), especially in young children. RSV vaccines, including maternal and infant vaccines, are under development; however, more epidemiological studies are needed to develop effective vaccination strategies. Objectives To estimate detailed age‐specific incidence rates and severity of RSV‐associated LRTI (RSV‐LRTI) using data from a community‐based prospective cohort study in the Philippines. Patients/Methods Cohort children who visited health facilities due to acute respiratory symptoms were identified, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to detect RSV. The severity of RSV‐LRTI was assessed using the severity definition proposed by the World Health Organization. Risk factors for developing RSV‐LRTI and contribution of SpO2 measurement were also evaluated. Results A total of 395 RSV episodes which occurred in children aged 2‐59 months were categorised as 183 RSV‐LRTI, 72 as severe RSV‐LRTI and 29 as very severe RSV‐LRTI. Children aged 3‐5 months had the highest incidence rate of RSV‐LRTI, at 207.4 per 1000 child‐years (95% CI: 149.0‐279.5). Younger age group, place of living and low educational level of caregivers were associated with developing RSV‐LRTI. Clinical manifestations had low levels of agreement with hypoxaemia as measured by pulse oximeter. Conclusion The highest burden of RSV was observed in young infants aged 3‐5 months, whereas the burden was also high in those aged 12‐20 months. Future vaccination strategies should consider the protection of older children, especially those aged one year, as well as young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Ueno
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Nagasaki Women's Junior College, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | | | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Otomaru H, Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Okamoto M, Alday PP, Tan AG, Manalo JI, Segubre-Mercado E, Inobaya MT, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Children Under 5 Years in Households of Rural Communities, the Philippines. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz045. [PMID: 30882012 PMCID: PMC6411217 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To develop a more effective vaccination strategy for reducing the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, especially in young infants (<6 months old), it is necessary to understand the transmission dynamics of RSV. Methods We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study from 2014 to 2016 in Biliran Province, the Philippines, on children <5 years old. We collected nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) during household visits and at health facilities. In households (n = 181) with RSV-positive ARI cases (RSV-ARI), we also identified ARI episodes among other children <5 years old in the same household. In addition, we determined the serial interval to estimate the basic reproduction number (R0), the average number of secondary cases generated by a single primary case. Results In the 181 households analyzed, we found 212 RSV-ARI in 152 households with a single case and 29 households with multiple cases, which included 29 1st RSV-ARI and 31 2nd RSV-ARI. We also found possible index cases among children <5 years old in the same household for 29.0% (18 of 62) of young infants with RSV-ARI. The estimated mean serial interval was 3.2 days, and R0 was estimated to be 0.92–1.33 for RSV-A and 1.04–1.76 for RSV-B, which varied between different times (2014 and 2015) and places. Conclusions Young infants are likely to acquire RSV infection from older children in the same household. Therefore, vaccination targeting older children might protect infants from RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirono Otomaru
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Life Creation, Nagasaki Women's Junior College, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Alvin Gue Tan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Sato M, Oshitani H, Tamaki R, Oyamada N, Sato K, Nadra AR, Landicho J, Alday PP, Lupisan S, Tallo VL. Father's roles and perspectives on healthcare seeking for children with pneumonia: findings of a qualitative study in a rural community of the Philippines. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023857. [PMID: 30467133 PMCID: PMC6252634 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pneumonia remains a primary cause of death for under-five children. It is possible to reduce the mortality impact from childhood pneumonia if caregivers recognise the danger signs of pneumonia and obtain appropriate healthcare. Among caregivers, research on fathers' healthcare-seeking behaviours and perceptions are limited, whereas research on mothers is available. This study aims to reveal fathers' roles and perspectives with respect to the selection of care and treatment for children with pneumonia in a remote island of the Philippines. DESIGN A qualitative research was carried out using semistructured interviews. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The interviews were conducted with 12 fathers whose children had pneumonia-like episodes in the 6 months prior to the interview. Data analysis was performed using the concept analysis method to identify codes which were merged into subcategories and categories. Finally, the themes were identified. RESULTS Three themes were identified as part of fathers' roles, and two were identified as fathers' perspectives on various treatment options. Fathers took care of their sick children by not entrusting care only to mothers because they considered this as part of their role. Notably, fathers considered that arranging money for the child's treatment was a matter of prime importance. They selected a particular treatment based on their experiences and beliefs, including herbal medicine, home treatment, and visiting traditional healers and health facilities. Their decision was influenced by not only their perception of the severity of illness but also cultural beliefs on the cause of illness. Visiting health facilities, particularly during hospital admissions, causes significant financial burden for the family which was the main concern of fathers. CONCLUSION It is crucial to consider the cultural background and also imperative to address issues related to medical cost and the credibility of health facilities to improve fathers' healthcare-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sato
- Department of Maternal Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Life and Creative Sciences, Nagasaki Women’s Junior College, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuko Oyamada
- Department of Maternal Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kineko Sato
- Department of Maternal Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alkaff Raihana Nadra
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jhoys Landicho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Portia P Alday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Veronica L Tallo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
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12
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Okamoto M, Dapat CP, Sandagon AMD, Batangan-Nacion LP, Lirio IC, Tamaki R, Saito M, Saito-Obata M, Lupisan SP, Oshitani H. Molecular Characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children With Repeated Infections With Subgroup B in the Philippines. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1045-1053. [PMID: 29722817 PMCID: PMC6107742 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe acute respiratory infection in infants and young children, which is characterized by repeated infections. However, the role of amino acid substitutions in repeated infections remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the genetic characteristics of RSV in children with repeated infections using molecular analyses of F and G genes. Methods We conducted a cohort study of children younger than 5 years in the Philippines. We collected nasopharyngeal swabs from children with acute respiratory symptoms and compared F and G sequences between initial and subsequent RSV infections. Results We examined 1802 children from May 2014 to January 2016 and collected 3471 samples. Repeated infections were observed in 25 children, including 4 with homologous RSV-B reinfections. Viruses from the 4 pairs of homologous reinfections had amino acid substitutions in the G protein mostly at O-glycosylation sites, whereas changes in the F protein were identified at antigenic sites V (L173S) and θ (Q209K), considered essential epitopes for the prefusion conformation of the F protein. Conclusions Amino acid substitutions in G and F proteins of RSV-B might have led to antigenic changes, potentially contributing to homologous reinfections observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Clyde P Dapat
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ann Marie D Sandagon
- Tohoku-Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
| | | | - Irene C Lirio
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku-Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Socorro P Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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13
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Malasao R, Furuse Y, Okamoto M, Dapat C, Saito M, Saito-Obata M, Tamaki R, Segubre-Mercado E, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Complete Genome Sequences of 13 Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A Strains of Genotypes NA1 and ON1 Isolated in the Philippines. Genome Announc 2018; 6:e00151-18. [PMID: 29519842 PMCID: PMC5843736 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00151-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Complete genome sequences of 13 human respiratory syncytial virus strains were determined from samples obtained from children hospitalized in the Philippines between 2012 and 2013 because of acute respiratory infection. We identified amino acid polymorphisms between the NA1 and ON1 genotypes in the P, G, F, and L proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Malasao
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yuki Furuse
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- RITM-Tohoku Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Yamamoto D, Tandoc A, Mercado E, Quicho F, Lupisan S, Obata-Saito M, Okamoto M, Suzuki A, Tamaki R, Sombrero L, Olveda R, Oshitani H. First detection of DS-1-like G1P[8] human rotavirus strains from children with diarrhoea in the Philippines. New Microbes New Infect 2017. [PMID: 28626585 PMCID: PMC5460740 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Yamamoto
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Tandoc
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - E Mercado
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - F Quicho
- Ospital ng Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Philippines
| | - S Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - M Obata-Saito
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - R Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - L Sombrero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - R Olveda
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - H Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Kamigaki T, Chaw L, Tan AG, Tamaki R, Alday PP, Javier JB, Olveda RM, Oshitani H, Tallo VL. Seasonality of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses and the Effect of Climate Factors in Subtropical-Tropical Asia Using Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance Data, 2010 -2012. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167712. [PMID: 28002419 PMCID: PMC5176282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seasonality of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is well known, and many analyses have been conducted in temperate countries; however, this is still not well understood in tropical countries. Previous studies suggest that climate factors are involved in the seasonality of these viruses. However, the extent of the effect of each climate variable is yet to be defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the pattern of seasonality and the effect of climate variables on influenza and RSV at three sites of different latitudes: the Eastern Visayas region and Baguio City in the Philippines, and Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Wavelet analysis and the dynamic linear regression model were applied. Climate variables used in the analysis included mean temperature, relative and specific humidity, precipitation, and number of rainy days. The Akaike Information Criterion estimated in each model was used to test the improvement of fit in comparison with the baseline model. RESULTS At all three study sites, annual seasonal peaks were observed in influenza A and RSV; peaks were unclear for influenza B. Ranges of climate variables at the two Philippine sites were narrower and mean variables were significantly different among the three sites. Whereas all climate variables except the number of rainy days improved model fit to the local trend model, their contributions were modest. Mean temperature and specific humidity were positively associated with influenza and RSV at the Philippine sites and negatively associated with influenza A in Okinawa. Precipitation also improved model fit for influenza and RSV at both Philippine sites, except for the influenza A model in the Eastern Visayas. CONCLUSIONS Annual seasonal peaks were observed for influenza A and RSV but were less clear for influenza B at all three study sites. Including additional data from subsequent more years would help to ascertain these findings. Annual amplitude and variation in climate variables are more important than their absolute values for determining their effect on the seasonality of influenza and RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Liling Chaw
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alvin G. Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Portia P. Alday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jenaline B. Javier
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Remigio M. Olveda
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Veronica L. Tallo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
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16
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Kadji FMN, Okamoto M, Furuse Y, Tamaki R, Suzuki A, Lirio I, Dapat C, Malasao R, Saito M, Pedrera-Rico GAG, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Saito M, Oshitani H. Differences in viral load among human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections in the Philippines. Virol J 2016; 13:113. [PMID: 27350282 PMCID: PMC4924256 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading viral etiologic agent of pediatric lower respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Two antigenic subgroups, HRSV-A and B, each contain several genotypes. While viral load may vary among HRSV genotypes and affect the clinical course of disease, data are scarce regarding the actual differences among genotypes. Therefore, this study estimated and compared viral load among NA1 and ON1 genotypes of HRSV-A and BA9 of HRSV-B. ON1 is a newly emerged genotype with a 72-nucleotide duplication in the G gene as observed previously with BA genotypes in HRSV-B. FINDINGS Children <5 years of age with an initial diagnosis of severe or very severe pneumonia at a hospital in the Philippines from September 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled. HRSV genotypes were determined and the viral load measured from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS). The viral load of HRSV genotype NA1 were significantly higher than those of ON1 and BA9. Regression analysis showed that both genotype NA1 and younger age were significantly associated with high HRSV viral load. CONCLUSIONS The viral load of NA1 was higher than that of ON1 and BA9 in NPS samples. HRSV genotypes may be associated with HRSV viral load. The reasons and clinical impacts of these differences in viral load among HRSV genotypes require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Furuse
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Irene Lirio
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Mariko Saito
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | | | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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17
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Furuse Y, Odagiri T, Tamaki R, Kamigaki T, Otomaru H, Opinion J, Santo A, Dolina-Lacaba D, Daya E, Okamoto M, Saito-Obata M, Inobaya M, Tan A, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Suzuki A, Oshitani H. Local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B viruses in Leyte Island, Philippines. Virology 2016; 492:21-4. [PMID: 26896931 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The local and global transmission dynamics of influenza B virus is not completely understood mainly because of limited epidemiological and sequence data for influenza B virus. Here we report epidemiological and molecular characteristics of influenza B viruses from 2010 to 2013 in Leyte Island, Philippines. Phylogenetic analyses showed global dissemination of the virus among both neighboring and distant areas. The analyses also suggest that southeast Asia is not a distributor of influenza B virus and can introduce the virus from other areas. Furthermore, we found evidence on the local persistence of the virus over years in the Philippines. Taken together, both local persistence and global dissemination play a significant role in the circulation of influenza B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Furuse
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Odagiri
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirono Otomaru
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jamie Opinion
- Tacloban City Health Office, Tacloban City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Edgard Daya
- Leyte Provincial Health Office, Palo, Philippines
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Tohoku-RITM Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Alvin Tan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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18
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Sato M, Nakamura Y, Atogami F, Horiguchi R, Tamaki R, Yoshizawa T, Oshitani H. Immediate Needs and Concerns among Pregnant Women During and after Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). PLoS Curr 2016; 8. [PMID: 26865988 PMCID: PMC4743840 DOI: 10.1371/currents.dis.29e4c0c810db47d7fd8d0d1fb782892c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnant and postpartum women are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. These women suffer from increased risk of physical and mental issues including pregnant related problems. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), which hit the Philippines affected a large number of people and caused devastating damages. During and after the typhoon, pregnant women were forced to live in particularly difficult circumstances. The purpose of this study was to determine concerns and problems regarding public health needs and coping mechanisms among pregnant women during and shortly after the typhoon. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design utilizing focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were 53 women (mean age: 26.6 years old; 42 had children) from four affected communities who were pregnant at the time of the typhoon. FGDs were conducted 4 months after the typhoon, from March 19 to 28, 2014, using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis. Result: Three themes were identified regarding problems and concerns during and after the typhoon: 1) having no ideas what is going to happen during the evacuation, 2) lacking essentials to survive, and 3) being unsure of how to deal with health concerns. Two themes were identified as means of solving issues: 1) finding food for survival and 2) avoiding diseases to save my family. As the pregnant women already had several typhoon experiences without any major problems, they underestimated the catastrophic nature of this typhoon. During the typhoon, the women could not ensure their safety and did not have a strong sense of crisis management. They suffered from hunger, food shortage, and poor sanitation. Moreover, though the women had fear and anxiety regarding their pregnancy, they had no way to resolve these concerns. Pregnant women and their families also suffered from common health problems for which they would usually seek medical services. Under such conditions, the pregnant woman cooperated with others for survival and used their knowledge of disease prevention. Discussion: Pregnant women experienced difficulties with evacuation, a lack of minimum survival needs, and attending to their own health issues. Pregnant women were also concerned about needs and health issues of their families, particular, when they had small children. Collecting accurate information regarding the disaster and conducting self-sustainable preparation prior to the disaster among pregnant women will help them to protect their pregnancy status, thereby improving their families’ chance of survival during and after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sato
- Department of Maternal Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuka Nakamura
- Women's Health Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumi Atogami
- Women's Health Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ribeka Horiguchi
- Maternal and Child Center in Takaishi City, Takaishi, Osaka, Japan Takaishi-shiritsu maternal and child health birthing center
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Toyoko Yoshizawa
- Women's Health Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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19
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Malasao R, Okamoto M, Chaimongkol N, Imamura T, Tohma K, Dapat I, Dapat C, Suzuki A, Saito M, Saito M, Tamaki R, Pedrera-Rico GAG, Aniceto R, Quicho RFN, Segubre-Mercado E, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Molecular Characterization of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Philippines, 2012-2013. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142192. [PMID: 26540236 PMCID: PMC4635013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children worldwide. We performed molecular analysis of HRSV among infants and children with clinical diagnosis of severe pneumonia in four study sites in the Philippines, including Biliran, Leyte, Palawan, and Metro Manila from June 2012 to July 2013. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and screened for HRSV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were tested by conventional PCR and sequenced for the second hypervariable region (2nd HVR) of the G gene. Among a total of 1,505 samples, 423 samples were positive for HRSV (28.1%), of which 305 (72.1%) and 118 (27.9%) were identified as HRSV-A and HRSV-B, respectively. Two genotypes of HRSV-A, NA1 and ON1, were identified during the study period. The novel ON1 genotype with a 72-nucleotide duplication in 2nd HVR of the G gene increased rapidly and finally became the predominant genotype in 2013 with an evolutionary rate higher than the NA1 genotype. Moreover, in the ON1 genotype, we found positive selection at amino acid position 274 (p<0.05) and massive O- and N-glycosylation in the 2nd HVR of the G gene. Among HRSV-B, BA9 was the predominant genotype circulating in the Philippines. However, two sporadic cases of GB2 genotype were found, which might share a common ancestor with other Asian strains. These findings suggest that HRSV is an important cause of severe acute respiratory infection among children in the Philippines and revealed the emergence and subsequent predominance of the ON1 genotype and the sporadic detection of the GB2 genotype. Both genotypes were detected for the first time in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentaro Tohma
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Isolde Dapat
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Clyde Dapat
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center on Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Rapunzel Aniceto
- Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center, Tacloban City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
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Kosai H, Tamaki R, Saito M, Tohma K, Alday PP, Tan AG, Inobaya MT, Suzuki A, Kamigaki T, Lupisan S, Tallo V, Oshitani H. Incidence and Risk Factors of Childhood Pneumonia-Like Episodes in Biliran Island, Philippines--A Community-Based Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125009. [PMID: 25938584 PMCID: PMC4418693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a leading cause of deaths in infants and young children in developing countries, including the Philippines. However, data at the community level remains limited. Our study aimed to estimate incidence and mortality rates and to evaluate risk factors and health-seeking behavior for childhood pneumonia. A household level interview survey was conducted in Biliran Island, the Philippines. Caregivers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to check if children had symptoms suggesting pneumonia-like episodes from June 2011 to May 2012. Of 3,327 households visited in total, 3,302 (99.2%) agreed to participate, and 5,249 children less than 5 years of age were included in the study. Incidence rates of pneumonia-like episodes, severe pneumonia-like episodes, and pneumonia-associated mortality were 105, 61, and 0.9 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. History of asthma [hazard ratio (HR): 5.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.83–7.08], low socioeconomic status (SES) (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.20), and long travel time to the healthcare facility estimated by cost distance analysis (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09–1.61) were significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumonia-like episodes by the Cox proportional hazards model. For severe pneumonia-like episodes, a history of asthma (HR: 8.39, 95% CI: 6.54–10.77) and low SES (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17–1.45) were significant risk factors. Children who had a long travel time to the hospital were less likely to seek hospital care (Odds ratio: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19–0.54) when they experienced severe pneumonia-like episodes. Incidence of pediatric pneumonia-like episodes was associated with a history of asthma, SES, and the travel time to healthcare facilities. Travel time was also identified as a strong indicator for health-seeking behavior. Improved access to healthcare facilities is important for early and effective management. Further studies are warranted to understand the causal relationship between asthma and pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kosai
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tohma
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Alvin Gue Tan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila,The Philippines
| | | | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soccoro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila,The Philippines
| | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Metro Manila,The Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Otomaru H, Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Opinion J, Santo A, Daya E, Okamoto M, Saito M, Tallo V, Lupisan S, Suzuki A, Oshitani H. Influenza and other respiratory viruses detected by influenza-like illness surveillance in Leyte Island, the Philippines, 2010-2013. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123755. [PMID: 25893441 PMCID: PMC4404362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance conducted on Leyte Island, the Philippines, including involvement of other respiratory viruses, from 2010 to 2013. ILI surveillance was conducted from January 2010 to March 2013 with 3 sentinel sites located in Tacloban city, Palo and Tanauan of Leyte Island. ILI was defined as fever ≥38°C or feverish feeling and either cough or running nose in a patient of any age. Influenza virus and other 5 respiratory viruses were searched. A total of 5,550 ILI cases visited the 3 sites and specimens were collected from 2,031 (36.6%) cases. Among the cases sampled, 1,637 (75.6%) were children aged <5 years. 874 (43.0%) cases were positive for at least one of the respiratory viruses tested. Influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were predominantly detected (both were 25.7%) followed by human rhinovirus (HRV) (17.5%). The age distributions were significantly different between those who were positive for influenza, HRV, and RSV. ILI cases were reported throughout the year and influenza virus was co-detected with those viruses on approximately half of the weeks of study period (RSV in 60.5% and HRV 47.4%). In terms of clinical manifestations, only the rates of headache and sore throat were significantly higher in influenza positive cases than cases positive to other viruses. In conclusion, syndromic ILI surveillance in this area is difficult to detect the start of influenza epidemic without laboratory confirmation which requires huge resources. Age was an important factor that affected positive rates of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Involvement of older age children may be useful to detect influenza more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirono Otomaru
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jamie Opinion
- Tacloban City Health Office, Tacloban City, the Philippines
| | - Arlene Santo
- Tanauan Rural Health Unit, Tanauan, the Philippines
| | - Edgard Daya
- Leyte Provincial Health Office, Palo, the Philippines
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku-RITM Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infections, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Veronica Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Soccoro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, the Philippines
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Datas A, López E, Ramiro I, Antolín E, Martí A, Luque A, Tamaki R, Shoji Y, Sogabe T, Okada Y. Intermediate band solar cell with extreme broadband spectrum quantum efficiency. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:157701. [PMID: 25933339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.157701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, about an intermediate band solar cell implemented with InAs/AlGaAs quantum dots whose photoresponse expands from 250 to ∼6000 nm. To our knowledge, this is the broadest quantum efficiency reported to date for a solar cell and demonstrates that the intermediate band solar cell is capable of producing photocurrent when illuminated with photons whose energy equals the energy of the lowest band gap. We show experimental evidence indicating that this result is in agreement with the theory of the intermediate band solar cell, according to which the generation recombination between the intermediate band and the valence band makes this photocurrent detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Datas
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E López
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Ramiro
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Antolín
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martí
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Luque
- Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Tamaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Y Shoji
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - T Sogabe
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Y Okada
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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Odagiri T, Matsuzaki Y, Okamoto M, Suzuki A, Saito M, Tamaki R, Lupisan SP, Sombrero LT, Hongo S, Oshitani H. Isolation and characterization of influenza C viruses in the Philippines and Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:847-58. [PMID: 25552361 PMCID: PMC4390655 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02628-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From November 2009 to December 2013 in the Philippines, 15 influenza C viruses were isolated, using MDCK cells, from specimens obtained from children with severe pneumonia and influenza-like illness (ILI). This is the first report of influenza C virus isolation in the Philippines. In addition, from January 2008 to December 2013, 7 influenza C viruses were isolated from specimens that were obtained from children with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Sendai city, Japan. Antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein showed that 19 strains (12 from the Philippines and 7 from Japan) were similar to the influenza C virus reference strain C/Sao Paulo/378/82 (SP82). Phylogenetic analysis of the HE gene showed that the strains from the Philippines and Japan formed distinct clusters within an SP82-related lineage. The clusters that included the Philippine and Japanese strains were shown to have diverged from a common ancestor around 1993. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the internal genes showed that all strains isolated in the Philippines and Japan had emerged through reassortment events. The composition of the internal genes of the Philippine strains was different from that of the Japanese strains, although all strains were classified into an SP82-related lineage by HE gene sequence analysis. These observations suggest that the influenza C viruses analyzed here had emerged through different reassortment events; however, the time and place at which the reassortment events occurred were not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Odagiri
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan RITM-Tohoku Research Collaborating Center for Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan RITM-Tohoku Research Collaborating Center for Emerging and Reemerging Diseases, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Socorro P Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Lydia T Sombrero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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24
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Iegami CM, Barbosa WF, Furuyama RJ, Lima JRB, de Campos TT, Minagi S, Tamaki R. Masticatory efficiency in complete denture wearers with reduced dental arches--a randomised cross-over study. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 41:619-23. [PMID: 24779746 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One obstacle to placing artificial posterior teeth in manufacturing complete dentures is a reduction of the space between the maxilla and the mandible. Occasionally, second molar placement is not performed, as it does not affect aesthetics, phonetics or comfort. The aim of this study was to compare the masticatory efficiency between patients wearing maxillary and mandibular complete dentures with reduced dental arches (without second molars) (WSM) and with full dental arches (FDA). Twenty subjects were divided into two groups and randomly received new complete dentures. Patients in Group 1 were given dentures WSM, and those in Group 2 were given dentures with FDA. After the post-placement visits, an initial masticatory efficiency test was performed with Optocal, an artificial test food. Fifteen days later, second molars were placed in Group 1 and removed from Group 2, and a new test was performed. Comminuted material was treated and sieved under vibration. The mean and standard deviation of masticatory efficiency with FDA were 10.4 and 8.1, respectively. In the tests WSM, the mean and standard deviation were 8.4 and 3.3, respectively. After removing the second molars in Group 2 and adding them in Group 1, the mean and standard deviation were 15.7 and 14.7 for Group 1 and 12.5 and 10.4 for Group 2, respectively. Within the limitations of this study, placing artificial teeth up to the first molars can be performed when needed without compromising masticatory efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Iegami
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Yamamoto D, Okamoto M, Lupisan S, Suzuki A, Saito M, Tamaki R, Tandoc III A, Mercado E, Sombrero L, Olveda R, Oshitani H. Impact of Human Adenovirus Serotype 7 in Hospitalized Children with Severe Fatal Pneumonia in the Philippines. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 67:105-10. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Imamura T, Suzuki A, Lupisan S, Okamoto M, Aniceto R, Egos RJ, Daya EE, Tamaki R, Saito M, Fuji N, Roy CN, Opinion JM, Santo AV, Macalalad NG, Tandoc A, Sombrero L, Olveda R, Oshitani H. Molecular evolution of enterovirus 68 detected in the Philippines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74221. [PMID: 24073203 PMCID: PMC3779236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of Enterovirus 68 (EV68) has recently been increased. However, underlying evolutionary mechanism of this increasing trend is not fully understood. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 5,240 patients with acute respiratory infections in the Philippines from June 2009 to December 2011. EV68 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting for 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), viral protein 1 (VP1), and VP4/VP2. Phylogenetic trees were generated using the obtained sequences. Results Of the 5,240 tested samples, 12 EV68 positive cases were detected between August and December in 2011 (detection rate, 0.23%). The detection rate was higher among inpatients than outpatients (p<0.0001). Among VP1 sequences detected from 7 patients in 2011, 5 in lineage 2 were diverged from those detected in the Philippines in 2008, however, 2 in lineage 3 were not diverged from strains detected in the Philippines in 2008 but closely associated with strains detected in the United States. Combined with our previous report, EV68 occurrences were observed twice in the Philippines within the last four years. Conclusions EV68 detections might be occurring in cyclic patterns, and viruses might have been maintained in the community while some strains might have been newly introduced.
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Suzuki A, Lupisan S, Furuse Y, Fuji N, Saito M, Tamaki R, Galang H, Sombrero L, Mondoy M, Aniceto R, Olveda R, Oshitani H. Respiratory viruses from hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:267. [PMID: 23092190 PMCID: PMC3519714 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia remains a leading cause of child death in developing countries. The viruses in severe pneumonia remain poorly defined. METHODS The study was conducted at the Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center in Tacloban City, Philippines from May 2008 to May 2009. Patients aged 8 days to 13 years old who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics with severe pneumonia were enrolled for the study. Upon admission, polymerase chain reaction was performed using nasopharyngeal swabs and blood cultures to detect respiratory viruses and bacteria, respectively. RESULT Among the 819 patients enrolled, at least one virus was detected in 501 cases (61.2%). In addition, 423 cases were positive for a single virus while bacteria were detected in the blood culture sample of 31 cases. The most commonly detected viruses were human rhinoviruses (n = 189), including types A (n = 103), B (n = 17), and C (n = 69), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 165). Novel viruses such as human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus NL63, human bocavirus, and human polyomaviruses WU and KI were also detected. There were 70 deaths, and one or more viruses were detected in 35 (50%) of these cases. Positivity only for influenza A virus (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.3-14.6) was significantly associated with fatal outcome. From the blood culture, Burkholderia cepacia group (n = 9), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 4), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1), and Salmonella C1 (n = 1) were also isolated. CONCLUSION Viruses were commonly detected in children with severe pneumonia in the Philippines. Hence, viral etiologies should be considered while developing better effective strategies to reduce child pneumonia-related deaths in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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28
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Sugimoto K, Iegami CM, Iida S, Naito M, Tamaki R, Minagi S. New image analysis of large food particles can discriminate experimentally suppressed mastication. J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39:405-10. [PMID: 22372665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Sugimoto
- Department of Occlusal and Oral Functional Rehabilitation, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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29
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Imamura T, Fuji N, Suzuki A, Tamaki R, Saito M, Aniceto R, Galang H, Sombrero L, Lupisan S, Oshitani H. Enterovirus 68 among children with severe acute respiratory infection, the Philippines. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:1430-5. [PMID: 21801620 PMCID: PMC3381551 DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 68 (EV68) is a rare enterovirus associated with respiratory illness that, unlike other enteroviruses, has been identified only from respiratory specimens. We identified EV68 from respiratory specimens of children hospitalized with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia in Leyte, Republic of the Philippines. Twenty-one samples showed high similarity with EV68 by sequencing of 5' nontranslated region; 17 of these samples were confirmed as EV68 by sequencing of viral protein 1 capsid coding region. Most previously reported EV68 cases had been identified as sporadic cases. All 21 patients we identified had severe illness, and 2 died, possibly the first reported fatal cases associated with EV68 infection. Our study suggests that EV68 may be a possible causative agent of severe respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatsugu Imamura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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30
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Fuji N, Suzuki A, Lupisan S, Sombrero L, Galang H, Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Saito M, Aniceto R, Olveda R, Oshitani H. Detection of human rhinovirus C viral genome in blood among children with severe respiratory infections in the Philippines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27247. [PMID: 22087272 PMCID: PMC3210775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) C was recently identified as the third species of HRV using a molecular technique. Infections caused by previously identified HRVs (A and B) are thought to be limited to the respiratory tract; however, pathogenesis of HRVC is still largely unknown. A total of 816 nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with severe respiratory infections in the Philippines (May 2008-May 2009) were tested for HRV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and 243 samples (29.8%) were positive for HRV. Among these patients, serum samples were also tested to determine whether specific HRV species were associated with viremia. Only 30 serum samples (12.3%) were positive for HRV. However, the HRV positive rates were different among HRV species, 3% (4/135) for HRVA, 0% (0/25) for HRVB, and 31% (26/83) for HRVC, and were the highest on 2 days after the onset of symptoms. These results suggest that HRVC may have a different pathogenicity and can more commonly cause viremia than HRVA and HRVB. Serum positive rates for HRV are affected by age, i.e., higher positive rates for those aged 1 year or more. HRVC that were detected from serum exhibited the same level of sequence diversity as those positive only for nasopharyngeal samples in phylogenetic analysis. However, all HRVA which were detected from serum were clustered in a monophyletic clade based on their 5' non-coding region (NCR) sequences, which is closely related with a certain HRVC genotype (A2) in 5'-NCR. This finding suggests that the 5'NCR region may be associated with viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fuji
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Socorro Lupisan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Lydia Sombrero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hazel Galang
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Mariko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rapunzel Aniceto
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Eastern Visayas Regional Medical Center, Leyte, Tacloban, Philippines
| | - Remigio Olveda
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hitoshi Oshitani
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku-RITM Collaborating Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, Philippines
- * E-mail:
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Kamigaki T, Tamaki R, Oshitani H. [Lessons learned from pandemic (H1N1) 2009: Japan and global prospective]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68:1605-1610. [PMID: 20845735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently there have reported pandemic (H1N1) 2009 over 200 countries and areas globally with more than 16,813 victims according to World Health Organization. Demographic characterization of those cases seemed to be consistent around the world that is higher incidence among school age children and higher mortality rate among elderly. Uniquely Japan has lower mortality rate compared with other countries. Based upon pandemic preparedness plan, several interventions such as personal hygiene and social distancing as well as clinical management were implemented since the beginning of pandemic. Of particular, school closure was continuously implemented during pandemic and medical access for influenza like illness cases was sustained with administration of antivirals in Japan. It is important to identify some gaps in the implementation of interventions for further preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kamigaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Kawamura M, Kamigaki T, Nukiwa N, Hashimoto A, Tamaki R, Oshitani H. [Epidemiological study of influenza-like illness under enhanced surveillance in Saku, Nagano Prefecture, outpatients during the 2008-09 influenza season]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2010; 84:575-582. [PMID: 20960936 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many influenza-like illness (ILI) outpatients visit healthcare facilities such as internal medicine and pediatric clinics every year. In Japan, however, ILI is reported only by sentinel healthcare facilities. We studied the number of ILI subjects visiting sentinel and non-sentinel healthcare facilities during the 2008-09 season in Saku, Nagano prefecture, obtaining the numbers of cases from sentinel and non-sentinel facilities. Most ILI subjects visited internal and pediatric facilities, and some visited otorhinolaryngological clinics not included as sentinel sites. We also estimated the total number of influenza cases based on data from sentinel facilities and total surveyed facilities, including non-sentinel. We divided facilities into hospitals with pediatrics, pediatric clinics, internal medicine and pediatric clinics, hospitals and clinics with internal medicine but no pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngological clinics. Estimated sentinel-site ILI cases was 2862, including 1020 for hospitals with pediatrics and 1,674 for clinics with internal medicine and pediatrics. The estimated number of ILI cases from total facilities surveyed was significantly lower, at 503 for hospitals with pediatrics, and 741 for clinics with internal medicine and pediatrics. Estimated ILI cases from categories not including sentinel sites were 967 for hospitals and clinics with internal medicine but no pediatrics, and 71 for otorhinolaryngological clinics. The estimated number of total ILI cases differed by 18.5%, depending on facility categories. This indicates that more detailed analysis is needed to accurately estimate ILI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kawamura
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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33
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Fuji N, Suzuki A, Lupisan S, Tamaki R, Saito M, De Leon A, Olveda R, Oshitani H. Molecular epidemiology of rhinoviruses among children diagnosed as severe pneumonia in the Philippines. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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34
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Laine RM, Sulaiman S, Brick C, Roll M, Tamaki R, Asuncion MZ, Neurock M, Filhol JS, Lee CY, Zhang J, Goodson T, Ronchi M, Pizzotti M, Rand SC, Li Y. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Stilbeneoctasilsesquioxanes. Emission Behavior Coupled with Theoretical Modeling Studies Suggest a 3-D Excited State Involving the Silica Core. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3708-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9087709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Laine
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - S. Sulaiman
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - C. Brick
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Roll
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R. Tamaki
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Z. Asuncion
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Neurock
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J.-S. Filhol
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - C.-Y. Lee
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J. Zhang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - T. Goodson
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Ronchi
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Pizzotti
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - S. C. Rand
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Y. Li
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica dell’Università di Milano “Lamberto Malatesta”, Unità di Ricerca dell’INSTM, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy, and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Nukiwa N, Kamigaki T, Hashimoto A, Kawamura M, Tamaki R, Oshitani H. [Epidemiological study of health impact on influenza outpatients during 2008-2009 influenza season, Shonai, Yamagata]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2010; 84:52-58. [PMID: 20170015 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To make up for the lack of data on influenza-like illness (ILI), we studied patterns among 6,828 ILI patients seen at 34 healthcare facilities during the 2008-2009 influenza season in Shonai, Yamagata, Japan. Healthcare facilities were classified into 1) hospitals, 2) pediatric clinics, 3) internal medicine and pediatric clinics, 4) internal medicine clinics, and 5) others. The majority went to hospitals, but the highest percentage in all outpatient visits was 13.7% seen at pediatric clinics during the peak epidemiological week. Based on estimated incidence and hospitalization data for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, we estimated the number of ILI patients at 59,600-89,400 and the number hospitalized for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 at 895-2,240 in Shonai. If those with ILI follow the same consultation patterns as outpatients in the 2008/09 influenza season, this indicates an estimated 23,800-35,700 with ILI will go to hospitals and 20,040-30,060 to pediatric clinics during the H1N1 pandemic. This in turns means that an urgent need will arise for appropriate measures reducing this potentially huge burden during pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nukiwa
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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36
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Tamaki R, Kamigaki T, Oshitani H. [Encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with pandemic flu]. Brain Nerve 2009; 61:153-160. [PMID: 19235465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses in birds in parts of Asia, Africa, and Middle East continue to cause human diseases and to pose the threat of human pandemic flu. Pandemic flu is characterized by respiratory symptoms and is a cause of high fatality rates in the younger population. Previous studies have shown that avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses in humans might also target organs other than lungs. Historical records reveal that in 1918, more than 40 million people died due to influenza pandemic; this pandemic was rapidly followed by an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica in 1919. From the mid-1990's, there have been outbreaks of encephalopathy in Japan which appear to be associated with influenza. In this article, neurological complications associated with influenza have been reviewed by taking a closer look at previous influenza pandemics in the 20th century and seasonal influenza epidemics in Japan; this will enhance preparations against human pandemics. In addition, we have also reviewed a few human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection where the central nervous system (CNS) are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raita Tamaki
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Hashimoto A, Konno R, Yano H, Yoshikawa M, Tamaki R, Matsumoto H, Kobayashi H. Mice lacking d-amino acid oxidase activity exhibit marked reduction of methamphetamine-induced stereotypy. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:221-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tamaki R, Yoshikawa M, Shinomiya T, Hashimoto A, Kawaguchi M, Byrne DW, Kobayashi H. Acute administration of methamphetamine decreases the mRNA expression of diazepam binding inhibitor in rat brain. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2008; 33:51-56. [PMID: 21318966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic administration of methamphetamine (MAP) up-regulated the mRNA expression of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) in rat brain, possibly leading to anxiety. Acute effects of MAP on anxiety associated with DBI, however, are not clear. In this study, we examined the effects of acute administration of MAP on behavior related to anxiety and the expression level of DBI mRNA and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) mRNA, calibrated with the glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA as the internal control in rat brain. The elevated plus-maze test was applied to the analysis of the possible anxiety-related profile of MAP. Acute administration of MAP (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration) significantly increased spent time in the open-space arms at 4 h after the administration compared with a saline-treated group. The expression of DBI mRNA in a large number of regions of rat brain significantly decreased 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after acute administration of MAP. In contrast, the expression of PACAP mRNA in a large number of regions of rat brain significantly increased 4 and 8 h after the administration of MAP. These results suggest that MAP, at this dose, has an anxiolytic effect, based on the reduction of the putative anxiogenic peptides, DBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raita Tamaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Japan
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Tamaki R, Yoshikawa M, Shinomiya T, Andoh H, Kawaguchi M, Hashimoto A, Byrne DW, Kobayashi H. Chronic administration of methamphetamine increases the mRNA expression of diazepam binding inhibitor in rat brain. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2008; 33:46-50. [PMID: 21318965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the common features of withdrawal syndrome caused by abuse-inducing drugs such as methamphetamine (MAP). The neural pathways associated with anxiety are established within the network sustained by diencephalon, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), a peptide consisting of 87 amino acids, serves as an inverse agonist for the type A receptor of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA receptor) with endogenous anxiogenic potential. We examined the effect of chronic administration of MAP on the mRNA expression of DBI and DBI-related proteins, such as alpha 2 subunit of GABAA receptor (GABA-α2), peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in seven regions (diencephalon, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, and pons-medulla) of the rat brain. The mRNA expression of DBI increased significantly in all areas of the brain, especially diencephalon, after chronic administration of MAP. The mRNA expression of PBR, GABA-α2 and PACAP increased significantly in all areas of the brain, especially cerebral cortex, after chronic administration of MAP. These results suggest that anxiety is associated with the mRNA expression of DBI as well as DBI-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raita Tamaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
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Ito K, Yoshikawa M, Maeda M, Jin XL, Takahashi S, Matsuda M, Tamaki R, Kobayashi H, Suzuki T, Hashimoto A. Midazolam attenuates the antinociception induced by d-serine or morphine at the supraspinal level in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:139-44. [PMID: 18384770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 02/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our recent study has shown that the intracerebroventricular administration of d-serine, an endogenous and selective agonist for the glycine site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, alone or in combination with morphine, leads to the potentiation of antinociception on the tail-flick response. Although there is a variety of information concerning the effects of benzodiazepines on opioid-induced antinociception, little is known about the effect of benzodiazepines on the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist-induced antinociception. To clarify the analgesic interactions among the benzodiazepine/GABA(A), N-methyl-d-aspartate and opioid receptors at the supraspinal level, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of midazolam, a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, on the antinociception evoked by the intracerebroventricular application of d-serine or morphine. The intracerebroventricular administration of midazolam alone produced hyperalgesia on the tail-flick response in a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil-reversible manner. The antinociception induced by the intracerebroventricular application of d-serine or morphine was attenuated by the intracerebroventricular administration of midazolam. In addition, this inhibitory effect of midazolam on the antinociception of d-serine or morphine was antagonized by the intracerebroventricular administration of flumazenil. Together with the facts that d-serine and midazolam act as selective agonists for the glycine site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and benzodiazepine/GABA(A) receptor, respectively, these observations suggest a functional interaction between the NMDA and benzodiazepine/GABA(A) receptors in the regulation of antinociception at the supraspinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1143, Japan
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Yoshikawa M, Takayasu N, Hashimoto A, Sato Y, Tamaki R, Tsukamoto H, Kobayashi H, Noda S. The serine racemase mRNA is predominantly expressed in rat brain neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:127-34. [PMID: 17827670 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.70.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
D-serine is an endogenous and obligatory coagonist for the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the mammalian brain. D-serine is synthesized from L-serine by serine racemase; immunohistochemical studies have long been believed to indicate that serine racemase and D-serine occur predominantly in astrocytes. However, we have recently demonstrated in the primary cultures that both the mRNA and protein levels of serine racemase are higher in neurons than in astrocytes. Here we report the application of in situ hybridization based on tyramide signal amplification for the detection of serine racemase mRNA in sections of the adult rat brain. Serine racemase mRNA could be demonstrated in a large number of neurons throughout the brain, especially in the forebrain such as the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. This is the first study to demonstrate the exact localization of serine racemase mRNA at the cellular or tissue level. These results suggest that neuron-derived D-serine could modulate neurotransmission via the glycine site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Yoshikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory for Molecular Science Research, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Ehara M, Tamaki R, Nakatsuji H, Lucchese R, Söderström J, Tanaka T, Hoshino M, Kitajima M, Tanaka H, De Fanis A, Ueda K. Vibrationally resolved nitrogen K-shell photoelectron spectra of the dinitrogen oxide molecule: Experiment and theory. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tanaka T, Ueda K, Feifel R, Karlsson L, Tanaka H, Hoshino M, Kitajima M, Ehara M, Fukuda R, Tamaki R, Nakatsuji H. Symmetry and vibrationally resolved absorption spectra near the O K edge of N2O: Experiment and theory. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Cerebral venous ischemia often induces severe brain edema. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induces angiogenesis, is also known as vascular permeability (VP) factor. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the inhibition of VEGF could reduce brain edema formation and cerebral venous infarction (CVI) in a rat 2-vein occlusion (2-VO) model.
Methods—
We used 2-VO model in which 2 adjacent cortical veins were photochemically occluded. Male Wistar rats (n=25) were divided into 2 groups: one group was treated with a VEGF antagonist (antagonist group, n=10) and the second group was treated with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) (PBS group, n=15). VEGF antagonist or PBS was injected intraperitoneally immediately after 2-VO. The developing ischemic infarct was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology 24 hours after occlusion.
Results—
VEGF expression was observed in the cytoplasm of neurons exclusively in the area of vasogenic edema that was shown as a high-intensity area in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water map. Ischemic volumes calculated from each MR images, which are related to infarction and/or vasogenic edema, respectively, were significantly smaller in the antagonist group as compared with the PBS group (
P
<0.05)
Conclusions—
Our study is the first to provide evidence that the inhibition of VEGF attenuates VP and reduces CVI in the acute stage. Although VEGF is a significant angiogenesis factor, we concluded that the inhibition of VEGF might be a new therapy for both brain edema formation and CVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634, Nara, Japan.
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Brick CM, Tamaki R, Kim SG, Asuncion MZ, Roll M, Nemoto T, Ouchi Y, Chujo Y, Laine RM. Spherical, Polyfunctional Molecules Using Poly(bromophenylsilsesquioxane)s as Nanoconstruction Sites. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0473014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Brick
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - R. Tamaki
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - S.-G. Kim
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - M. Z. Asuncion
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - M. Roll
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - T. Nemoto
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Y. Ouchi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Y. Chujo
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - R. M. Laine
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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Laine RM, Kim SG, Rush J, Tamaki R, Wong E, Mollan M, Sun HJ, Lodaya M. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxy End-Terminated Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as a Route to Cross-Linked Materials with Exceptional Swelling Behavior. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030295b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Laine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - S. G. Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - J. Rush
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - R. Tamaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - E. Wong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - M. Mollan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - H.-J. Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - M. Lodaya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, and Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tamaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA.
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Okano T, Nomura J, Kumar R, Kaneko E, Tamaki R, Hanafusa I, Hayashi M, Matsuyama A. An epidemiological and clinical investigation of postpartum psychiatric illness in Japanese mothers. J Affect Disord 1998; 48:233-40. [PMID: 9543214 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A case note study of postpartum psychiatric illness as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) was conducted in an epidemiologically defined large area of Japan. The admission rate was 0.34/1000 live births. The most frequent diagnostic category was affective disorder (53%). "Atypical" symptoms were observed in 31% of all cases and were more frequent (67%) in patients with schizoaffective disorder. Fifty six percent of mothers developed a psychiatric illness within two weeks of delivery. The patients with "atypical" symptoms were admitted much more quickly and their length of stay in hospital was shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
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Hiranuma T, Kitamura K, Taniguchi T, Kobayashi T, Tamaki R, Kanai M, Akahori K, Iwao K, Oka T. Effects of three peptidase inhibitors, amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon, on the hydrolysis of [Met5]-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and other opioid peptides. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1998; 357:276-82. [PMID: 9550299 DOI: 10.1007/pl00005168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contents of [Met5]-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (met-enk-RF) and its six hydrolysis products: Y, YG, YGG, YGGF, YGGFM, and YGGFMR were estimated after incubating met-enk-RF with either a guinea-pig ileal or striatal membrane fraction for various times at 37 degrees C. After 45 min incubation with either ileal or striatal membranes, met-enk-RF was completely hydrolyzed, yielding Y as the major product. Incubation with either membrane preparation for 60 min in the presence of the aminopeptidase inhibitor amastatin hydrolyzed 90 or 92% of met-enk-RF, respectively, with YGG being the major product. If the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I inhibitor captopril is also included in the incubation, met-enk-RF hydrolysis decreases by about half for both membranes, with YGG remaining the major product. Inclusion of three peptidase inhibitors, amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon (inhibition of endopeptidase-24.11) further reduced met-enk-hydrolysis, with 87% or more remaining intact. This shows that met-enk-RF was mainly hydrolyzed by three enzymes, amastatin-sensitive aminopeptidase, captopril-sensitive dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I and phosphoramidon-sensitive endopeptidase-24.11, in both ileal and striatal membranes. Additionally, estimations of [Leu5]-enkephalin (leu-enk), alpha- and beta-neoendorphins (alpha- and beta-neoends), and dynorphin B (dyn B) contents after incubating the individual peptides with striatal membrane for 60 min in the presence of the three peptidase inhibitors showed that 98, 32, 5, and 23%, respectively, remained intact. Our previous studies together with the data obtained here show that one group of endogenous opioid peptides: met-enk, leu-enk, met-enk-RF, met-enk-RGL, and dyn A-(1-8) are largely or almost exclusively hydrolyzed by the three enzymes, amastatin-sensitive aminopeptidase, captopril-sensitive dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I, and phosphoramidon-sensitive endopeptidase-24.11, and indicate that an unidentified fourth enzyme(s) is involved in the hydrolysis of another group of peptides: alpha-neoend, beta-neoend, and dyn B.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hiranuma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
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