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The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Thromboxane, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Homocysteine, and Vitamin D in Depressive Children and Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041095. [PMID: 33801688 PMCID: PMC8066966 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the DEPOXIN project, we have found that a high ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids (FA) is associated with worsening of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with depressive disorder (DD) and that the 12-week omega-3 FA supplementation modulates DD symptoms. Here we present our results of the secondary outcomes: the levels of thromboxane (TXB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), homocysteine (HCy) and vitamin D. Fifty-eight patients were randomized into two arms. One group received a fish oil emulsion enriched with omega-3 FA, and the other received a sunflower oil emulsion containing omega-6 FA, for 12 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated, using the Child's Depressive Inventory (CDI). The patients with DD had elevated TXB levels and decreased vitamin D levels, as compared to healthy controls. Both CDI and omega-6/omega-3 ratio correlated positively with TXB and negatively with BDNF at baseline. Compared to the omega-6 FA group, the supplementation with omega-3 FA for 12 weeks significantly reduced plasma TXB (p = 0.024) and increased BDNF (p = 0.011) levels. No changes in HCy and vitamin D were observed. Our results demonstrate the possible role of TXB and BDNF in the pathophysiology of DD and the benefits of omega-3 FA supplementation. The study was registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN81655012).
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Cui X, Niu W, Kong L, He M, Jiang K, Chen S, Zhong A, Li W, Lu J, Zhang L. hsa_circRNA_103636: potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in Major depressive disorder. Biomark Med 2016; 10:943-52. [PMID: 27404501 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine whether circular RNA (circRNA) molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could be used as novel non-invasive biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD). Materials & methods: Differentially expressed circRNAs were screened using an Arraystar Human CircRNA Array (which includes 13,617 human circRNAs) and qRT-PCR. Thirty MDD patients were randomly selected to retest the circRNA levels after 4-week and 8-week antidepressant regimens. Results: Four differentially expressed circRNAs were identified between MDD patients and controls, and only down-regulated hsa_circRNA_103636 was significantly altered after the 8-week treatment in MDD patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that altered expression of hsa_circRNA_103636 in PBMCs is a potential novel biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Cui
- Department of Health Care, Changzhou Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingming Kong
- Prevention & Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun He
- Prevention & Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunhong Jiang
- Prevention & Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengdong Chen
- Department of Neurology, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifang Zhong
- Clinical Laboratory, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanshuai Li
- Gopath Diagnostic Laboratory Co Ltd, No. 801, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jim Lu
- Gopath Diagnostic Laboratory Co Ltd, No. 801, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
- Gopath Laboratories LLC, 1351 Barclay Blvd, Buffalo Grove, USA
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Prevention & Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
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Sackeim HA. Acute Continuation and Maintenance Treatment of Major Depressive Episodes With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:313-319. [PMID: 27052475 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Sackeim
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 2124 Moselem Springs Road, Fleetwood, PA 19522, USA.
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Jani BD, McLean G, Nicholl BI, Barry SJE, Sattar N, Mair FS, Cavanagh J. Risk assessment and predicting outcomes in patients with depressive symptoms: a review of potential role of peripheral blood based biomarkers. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:18. [PMID: 25698954 PMCID: PMC4313702 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the major global health challenges and a leading contributor of health related disability and costs. Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and current methods for assessing its severity in clinical practice rely on symptom count, however this approach is unreliable and inconsistent. The clinical evaluation of depressive symptoms is particularly challenging in primary care, where the majority of patients with depression are managed, due to the presence of co-morbidities. Current methods for risk assessment of depression do not accurately predict treatment response or clinical outcomes. Several biological pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression; however, accurate and predictive biomarkers remain elusive. We conducted a systematic review of the published evidence supporting the use of peripheral biomarkers to predict outcomes in depression, using Medline and Embase. Peripheral biomarkers in depression were found to be statistically significant predictors of mental health outcomes such as treatment response, poor outcome and symptom remission; and physical health outcomes such as increased incidence of cardiovascular events and deaths, and all-cause mortality. However, the available evidence has multiple methodological limitations which must be overcome to make any real clinical progress. Despite extensive research on the relationship of depression with peripheral biomarkers, its translational application in practice remains uncertain. In future, peripheral biomarkers identified with novel techniques and combining multiple biomarkers may have a potential role in depression risk assessment but further research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhautesh D Jani
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Gary McLean
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Barbara I Nicholl
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah J E Barry
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Frances S Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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Bouwknecht JA. Behavioral studies on anxiety and depression in a drug discovery environment: keys to a successful future. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 753:158-76. [PMID: 25460021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review describes a personal journey through 25 years of animal research with a focus on the contribution of rodent models for anxiety and depression to the development of new medicines in a drug discovery environment. Several classic acute models for mood disorders are briefly described as well as chronic stress and disease-induction models. The paper highlights a variety of factors that influence the quality and consistency of behavioral data in a laboratory setting. The importance of meta-analysis techniques for study validation (tolerance interval) and assay sensitivity (Monte Carlo modeling) are demonstrated by examples that use historic data. It is essential for successful discovery of new potential drugs to maintain a high level of control in animal research and to bridge knowledge across in silico modeling, and in vitro and in vivo assays. Today, drug discovery is a highly dynamic environment in search of new types of treatments and new animal models which should be guided by enhanced two-way translation between bench and bed. Although productivity has been disappointing in the search of new and better medicines in psychiatry over the past decades, there has been and will always be an important role for in vivo models in-between preclinical discovery and clinical development. The right balance between good science and proper judgment versus a decent level of innovation, assay development and two-way translation will open the doors to a very bright future.
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Uddin M. Blood-Based Biomarkers in Depression: Emerging Themes in Clinical Research. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 18:469-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Inflammation: a mechanism of depression? Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:515-23. [PMID: 24838302 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, major depression has become more prevalent and research has shown that immune activation and cytokine production may be involved. This review is mainly focused on the contribution of inflammation to depression. We first briefly introduce the inflammatory biomarkers of depression, then discuss the sources of cytokines in the brain, and finally describe the neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying the association between inflammation and depression.
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